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Butler J, Jones WS, Udell JA, Anker SD, Petrie MC, Harrington J, Mattheus M, Zwiener I, Amir O, Bahit MC, Bauersachs J, Bayes-Genis A, Chen Y, Chopra VK, Figtree G, Ge J, Goodman SG, Gotcheva N, Goto S, Gasior T, Jamal W, Januzzi JL, Jeong MH, Lopatin Y, Lopes RD, Merkely B, Parikh PB, Parkhomenko A, Ponikowski P, Rossello X, Schou M, Simic D, Steg PG, Szachniewicz J, van der Meer P, Vinereanu D, Zieroth S, Brueckmann M, Sumin M, Bhatt DL, Hernandez AF. Empagliflozin after Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:1455-1466. [PMID: 38587237 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2314051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empagliflozin improves cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure, patients with type 2 diabetes who are at high cardiovascular risk, and patients with chronic kidney disease. The safety and efficacy of empagliflozin in patients who have had acute myocardial infarction are unknown. METHODS In this event-driven, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, patients who had been hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction and were at risk for heart failure to receive empagliflozin at a dose of 10 mg daily or placebo in addition to standard care within 14 days after admission. The primary end point was a composite of hospitalization for heart failure or death from any cause as assessed in a time-to-first-event analysis. RESULTS A total of 3260 patients were assigned to receive empagliflozin and 3262 to receive placebo. During a median follow-up of 17.9 months, a first hospitalization for heart failure or death from any cause occurred in 267 patients (8.2%) in the empagliflozin group and in 298 patients (9.1%) in the placebo group, with incidence rates of 5.9 and 6.6 events, respectively, per 100 patient-years (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 to 1.06; P = 0.21). With respect to the individual components of the primary end point, a first hospitalization for heart failure occurred in 118 patients (3.6%) in the empagliflozin group and in 153 patients (4.7%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.98), and death from any cause occurred in 169 (5.2%) and 178 (5.5%), respectively (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.19). Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of empagliflozin and were similar in the two trial groups. CONCLUSIONS Among patients at increased risk for heart failure after acute myocardial infarction, treatment with empagliflozin did not lead to a significantly lower risk of a first hospitalization for heart failure or death from any cause than placebo. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly; EMPACT-MI ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04509674.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Butler
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - W Schuyler Jones
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Jacob A Udell
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Stefan D Anker
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Mark C Petrie
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Josephine Harrington
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Michaela Mattheus
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Isabella Zwiener
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Offer Amir
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - M Cecilia Bahit
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Yundai Chen
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Vijay K Chopra
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Gemma Figtree
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Junbo Ge
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Shaun G Goodman
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Nina Gotcheva
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Shinya Goto
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Tomasz Gasior
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Waheed Jamal
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - James L Januzzi
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Yuri Lopatin
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Renato D Lopes
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Béla Merkely
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Puja B Parikh
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Alexander Parkhomenko
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Xavier Rossello
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Morten Schou
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Dragan Simic
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - P Gabriel Steg
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Joanna Szachniewicz
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Peter van der Meer
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Shelley Zieroth
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Mikhail Sumin
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
| | - Adrian F Hernandez
- From Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas (J. Butler); the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson (J. Butler); the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (W.S.J., J.H., A.F.H.), and the Duke Clinical Research Institute (R.D.L.) - both in Durham, NC; Women's College Hospital (J.A.U.), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.G.G.), and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto (S.G.G.), Toronto, the Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton (S.G.G.), and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma (M.M., I.Z.) and Boehringer Ingelheim International (T.G., W.J., M.B., M. Sumin), Ingelheim, the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J. Bauersachs), and the First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M.B.) - all in Germany; the School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (M.C.P.); the Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem (O.A.); Instituto de Neurología (INECO) Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Argentina (M.C.B.); the Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, and the Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona (A.B.-G.), and Son Espases University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca (X.R.) - all in Spain; the Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing (Y.C.), and the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and the Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai (J.G.) - both in China; the Department of Cardiology, Medanta, Gurgaon, India (V.K.C.); the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney (G.F.); the Department of Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.G.); Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan (S.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.); Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea (M.H.J.); Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia (Y.L.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook (P.B.P.), and Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (D.L.B.) - both in New York; the Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology M.D. Strazhesko, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (A.P.); Collegium Medicum-Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza (T.G.), and the Institute for Heart Diseases Medical University (P.P.) and Jan Mikulicz-Radecki University Clinical Hospital (J.S.), Wrocław - all in Poland; the Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen (M. Schou); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (D.S.); Université Paris-Cité, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials, INSERM Unité 1148, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris (P.G.S.); the Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (P.M.); and University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.)
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Udell JA, Petrie MC, Jones WS, Anker SD, Harrington J, Mattheus M, Seide S, Amir O, Bahit MC, Bauersachs J, Bayes-Genis A, Chen Y, Chopra VK, Figtree G, Ge J, Goodman SG, Gotcheva N, Goto S, Gasior T, Jamal W, Januzzi JL, Jeong MH, Lopatin Y, Lopes RD, Merkely B, Martinez-Traba M, Parikh PB, Parkhomenko A, Ponikowski P, Rossello X, Schou M, Simic D, Steg PG, Szachniewicz J, van der Meer P, Vinereanu D, Zieroth S, Brueckmann M, Sumin M, Bhatt DL, Hernandez AF, Butler J. Left Ventricular Function, Congestion, and Effect of Empagliflozin on Heart Failure Risk After Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024:S0735-1097(24)06757-3. [PMID: 38588929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.03.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empagliflozin reduces the risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations but not all-cause mortality when started within 14 days of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate the association of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), congestion, or both, with outcomes and the impact of empagliflozin in reducing HF risk post-AMI. METHODS In the EMPACT-MI (Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Empagliflozin on Hospitalization for Heart Failure and Mortality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, patients were randomized within 14 days of an AMI complicated by either newly reduced LVEF<45%, congestion, or both, to empagliflozin (10 mg daily) or placebo and were followed up for a median of 17.9 months. RESULTS Among 6,522 patients, the mean baseline LVEF was 41 ± 9%; 2,648 patients (40.6%) presented with LVEF <45% alone, 1,483 (22.7%) presented with congestion alone, and 2,181 (33.4%) presented with both. Among patients in the placebo arm of the trial, multivariable adjusted risk for each 10-point reduction in LVEF included all-cause death or HF hospitalization (HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.31-1.69; P < 0.0001), first HF hospitalization (HR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.37-1.96; P < 0.0001), and total HF hospitalizations (rate ratio [RR]: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.51-2.36; P < 0.0001). The presence of congestion was also associated with a significantly higher risk for each of these outcomes (HR: 1.52, 1.94, and RR: 2.03, respectively). Empagliflozin reduced the risk for first (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.60-0.98) and total (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.50-0.89) HF hospitalizations, irrespective of LVEF or congestion, or both. The safety profile of empagliflozin was consistent across baseline LVEF and irrespective of congestion status. CONCLUSIONS In patients with AMI, the severity of left ventricular dysfunction and the presence of congestion was associated with worse outcomes. Empagliflozin reduced first and total HF hospitalizations across the range of LVEF with and without congestion. (Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Empagliflozin on Hospitalization for Heart Failure and Mortality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction [EMPACT-MI]; NCT04509674).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Udell
- Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mark C Petrie
- School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - W Schuyler Jones
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Medical Center, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josephine Harrington
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Medical Center, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Svenja Seide
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Offer Amir
- Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Cecilia Bahit
- INECO Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Gemma Figtree
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaun G Goodman
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nina Gotcheva
- Department of Cardiology, MHAT National Cardiology Hospital EAD, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Shinya Goto
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Tomasz Gasior
- Collegium Medicum - Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - James L Januzzi
- Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Heart Failure and Biomarker Trials, Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Lopatin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Renato D Lopes
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Medical Center, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Puja B Parikh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Xavier Rossello
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Morten Schou
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dragan Simic
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Philippe Gabriel Steg
- Université Paris-Cité, FACT (French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials), INSERM U-1148, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Shelley Zieroth
- Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany; First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mikhail Sumin
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adrian F Hernandez
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University Medical Center, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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3
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Hernandez AF, Udell JA, Jones WS, Anker SD, Petrie MC, Harrington J, Mattheus M, Seide S, Zwiener I, Amir O, Bahit MC, Bauersachs J, Bayes-Genis A, Chen Y, Chopra VK, Figtree G, Ge J, Goodman S, Gotcheva N, Goto S, Gasior T, Jamal W, Januzzi JL, Jeong MH, Lopatin Y, Lopes RD, Merkely B, Parikh PB, Parkhomenko A, Ponikowski P, Rossello X, Schou M, Simic D, Steg PG, Szachniewicz J, van der Meer P, Vinereanu D, Zieroth S, Brueckmann M, Sumin M, Bhatt DL, Butler J. Effect of Empagliflozin on Heart Failure Outcomes After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights from the EMPACT-MI Trial. Circulation 2024. [PMID: 38581389 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.124.069217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empagliflozin reduces the risk of heart failure events in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, chronic kidney disease, and in those with prevalent heart failure irrespective of ejection fraction. While EMPACT-MI showed empagliflozin does not reduce the risk of the composite of hospitalization of heart failure and all-cause mortality, the impact of empagliflozin on first and recurrent heart failure events in patients after myocardial infarction is unknown. METHODS EMPACT-MI was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, event-driven trial that randomized 6522 patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction at risk for heart failure based on newly developed left ventricular ejection fraction of <45% and/or signs or symptoms of congestion to receive empagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo within 14 days of admission. In prespecified secondary analyses, treatment groups were analyzed for heart failure outcomes. RESULTS Over a median of follow-up of 17.9 months, the risk for first heart failure hospitalization and total heart failure hospitalizations was significantly lower in the empagliflozin compared with the placebo group (118 (3.6%) vs. 153 (4.7%) patients with events, HR 0.77 [95% CI 0.60, 0.98], P=0.031 for first heart failure hospitalization and 148 vs. 207 events, RR 0.67 [95% CI 0.51, 0.89], P=0.006 for total heart failure hospitalizations). Subgroup analysis showed consistency of empagliflozin benefit across clinically relevant patient subgroups for first and total heart failure hospitalizations. Post-discharge need for new use of diuretics, renin-angiotensin modulators, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists were less in patients randomized to empagliflozin than placebo (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In patients after acute myocardial infarction with left ventricular dysfunction or congestion, empagliflozin reduced the risk of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F Hernandez
- Duke University Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Jacob A Udell
- Women's College Hospital and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W Schuyler Jones
- Duke University Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK) of German Heart Center Charité; Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark C Petrie
- School of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Josephine Harrington
- Duke University Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | | | - Svenja Seide
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | - Offer Amir
- Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Cecilia Bahit
- INECO Neurociencias Oroño, Fundación INECO, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Heart Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain, and Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònomoa de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Gemma Figtree
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaun Goodman
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nina Gotcheva
- Department of Cardiology, MHAT "National Cardiology Hospital" EAD, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Shinya Goto
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Tomasz Gasior
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany; Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland
| | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - James L Januzzi
- Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Lopatin
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Renato D Lopes
- Duke University Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Puja B Parikh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Alexander Parkhomenko
- The Ukrainian Institute of Cardiology n. a. M.D. Strazhesko, AMS Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Xavier Rossello
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Morten Schou
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dragan Simic
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Clinical Center Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Philippe Gabriel Steg
- Université Paris-Cité, FACT (French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials), INSERM U-1148, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- University and Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Shelley Zieroth
- Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany; First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mikhail Sumin
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, and Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS
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Mourad A, Jamal W, Kadoch I, Antaki R, Helou ME, Grosfils V, Phillips S, Hemmings R. P-106 Total motile sperm count and oral ovulation induction protocols are not predictors of success in donor insemination cycles: Results from a large retrospective cohort study. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
to investigate the effect of total motile sperm (TMS) count, and ovulation induction on clinical pregnancy rate in artificial insemination with donor (AID) cycles.
Summary answer
TMS count is not a predictor of sucess, and natural cycles are as effective as oral ovulation induction in donor inseminations
What is known already
There are inconsistent results regarding the effect of sperm parameters on success rates of artificial insemination with donor (AID). Besides, the use of gonadotropin stimulation for ovulation induction in this category of patients is questionable, and its effectiveness over natural cycles is not yet confirmed in the literature.
Study design, size, duration
Patients who underwent AID cycles at the university-affiliated fertility center-OVO clinic in Montreal, Canada between 2011 and 2015 were retrospectively selected. A total of 4333 AID cycles were performed on 1179 patients, resulting in 744 pregnancies.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Cycles were divided into 8 groups based on TMS count: <0.5, [0.5-1[, [1-5[, [5-10[, [10-20[, [20-40[, [40-80[, and ≥80. A TMS of 10 to 20 million was selected as a reference level. Ovulation induction was divided into oral stimulation, combined oral and gonadotropin stimulation and gonadotropin-only stimulation, and compared to natural cycles. Regression analysis and a predictive model of clinical pregnancy in AID cycles were generated from patient demographic and cycle characteristics.
Main results and the role of chance
There was no significant difference in positive β-hCG result, clinical pregnancy, multiple pregnancy and miscarriage rates when comparing all ranges of TMS count to a reference of 10 to 20 million. When dividing patients based on the protocol for ovulation induction, clinical pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the gonadotropin-only stimulation group (OR 4.116,[1.379,12.287]) but not in other types of stimulation, as compared to natural cycles. hCG triggering resulted in a similar clinical pregnancy and miscarriage rates, but a higher multiple pregnancy rate when compared to urinary LH testing (7.7% versus 1.3%, p = 0.045). A multivariate logistic regression analysis for predictors of clinical pregnancy accounting for relevant demographic and cycle characteristics was conducted. No significant difference was noted in different ranges of TMS and the groups of ovulation induction. In this model, age was found to be a significant predictor. In particular, with every one-year increase in age, the odds of clinical pregnancy decreases by 6.4% (Adjusted OR 0.936; 95%CI [0.914, 0.958]).
Limitations, reasons for caution
In our study, cycles with TMS count below 1 million are limited. Thus, results should be viewed with caution in this group, without cycle cancellation, since clinical pregnancy can be achieved. Moreover, our results cannot be generalized on infertile couples given the characteristics of our population of interest.
Wider implications of the findings
Minimal or maximal cut-off values for TMS in AID cycles should not be used as indicators for cycle cancellation. Natural cycles are as successful as oral ovulation induction. hCG trigger, unless indicated, should not be used as it is associated with higher risk of multiple pregnancy without increasing clinical pregnancy.
Trial registration number
not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mourad
- University of Montreal, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Montreal, Canada
- OVO fertility center, Reproductive endocrinology and infertility , Montreal, Canada
| | - W Jamal
- University of Montreal, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Montreal, Canada
- OVO fertility center, Reproductive endocrinology and infertility , Montreal, Canada
| | - I.J Kadoch
- University of Montreal, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Montreal, Canada
- OVO fertility center, Reproductive endocrinology and infertility , Montreal, Canada
| | - R Antaki
- University of Montreal, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Montreal, Canada
- OVO fertility center, Reproductive endocrinology and infertility , Montreal, Canada
| | - M.O. El Helou
- American University of Beirut, Scholars in health research program , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - V Grosfils
- University of Montreal, Faculty of medicine , Montreal, Canada
| | - S Phillips
- OVO fertility center, Reproductive endocrinology and infertility , Montreal, Canada
| | - R Hemmings
- University of Montreal, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Montreal, Canada
- OVO fertility center, Reproductive endocrinology and infertility , Montreal, Canada
- McGill University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Montreal, Canada
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Packer M, Butler J, Zannad F, Pocock SJ, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Brueckmann M, Jamal W, Zeller C, Wanner C, Anker SD. Empagliflozin and Major Renal Outcomes in Heart Failure. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:1531-1533. [PMID: 34449179 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javed Butler
- University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS
| | | | - Stuart J Pocock
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Bocchi E, Böhm M, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Choi DJ, Chopra V, Chuquiure-Valenzuela E, Giannetti N, Gomez-Mesa JE, Janssens S, Januzzi JL, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Merkely B, Nicholls SJ, Perrone SV, Piña IL, Ponikowski P, Senni M, Sim D, Spinar J, Squire I, Taddei S, Tsutsui H, Verma S, Vinereanu D, Zhang J, Carson P, Lam CSP, Marx N, Zeller C, Sattar N, Jamal W, Schnaidt S, Schnee JM, Brueckmann M, Pocock SJ, Zannad F, Packer M. Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:1451-1461. [PMID: 34449189 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2107038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1854] [Impact Index Per Article: 618.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, but their effects in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction are uncertain. METHODS In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 5988 patients with class II-IV heart failure and an ejection fraction of more than 40% to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or placebo, in addition to usual therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure. RESULTS Over a median of 26.2 months, a primary outcome event occurred in 415 of 2997 patients (13.8%) in the empagliflozin group and in 511 of 2991 patients (17.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 0.90; P<0.001). This effect was mainly related to a lower risk of hospitalization for heart failure in the empagliflozin group. The effects of empagliflozin appeared consistent in patients with or without diabetes. The total number of hospitalizations for heart failure was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (407 with empagliflozin and 541 with placebo; hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.88; P<0.001). Uncomplicated genital and urinary tract infections and hypotension were reported more frequently with empagliflozin. CONCLUSIONS Empagliflozin reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly; EMPEROR-Preserved ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03057951).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan D Anker
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Javed Butler
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - João P Ferreira
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Edimar Bocchi
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Michael Böhm
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Dong-Ju Choi
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Vijay Chopra
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Eduardo Chuquiure-Valenzuela
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Nadia Giannetti
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Juan Esteban Gomez-Mesa
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Stefan Janssens
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - James L Januzzi
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Jose R Gonzalez-Juanatey
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Bela Merkely
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Sergio V Perrone
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Ileana L Piña
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Michele Senni
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - David Sim
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Jindrich Spinar
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Iain Squire
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Stefano Taddei
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Subodh Verma
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Peter Carson
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Carolyn Su Ping Lam
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Cordula Zeller
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Naveed Sattar
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Waheed Jamal
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Sven Schnaidt
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Janet M Schnee
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Faiez Zannad
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
| | - Milton Packer
- From the Department of Cardiology (CVK) and the Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homberg (M. Böhm), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen (N.M.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z., S.S.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (W.J., M. Brueckmann), and the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann) - all in Germany; the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens (G.F.); Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and INSERM Unité 1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists) (J.P.F.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM INI-CRCT, CHRU (F.Z.) - both in Nancy, France; the Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal (J.P.F.); Unidade de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (E.B.); Maastricht University Medical Center and the School for Cardiovascular Disease CARIM - both in Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.-P.B.-L.R.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.-V.); McGill University Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.), and St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.) - both in Canada; the Cardiology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia (J.E.G.-M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Massachusetts General Hospital and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston (J.L.J.); University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.-J.); Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweiss University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Argentine Catholic University, and Medical Advisor in Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Intrathoracic Transplant at FLENI and IADT Institute - both in Buenos Aires (S.V.P.); Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant (I.L.P.); Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Cardiology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and Università di Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.); the Internal Cardiology Department, St. Ann University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J.S.); the University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester (I.S.), the University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), and Imperial College, London (M.P.) - all in the United Kingdom; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania (D.V.); the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC (P.C.); National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J.M.S.); and Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas (M.P.)
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Böhm M, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, Mahfoud F, Brueckmann M, Jamal W, Ofstad AP, Schüler E, Ponikowski P, Wanner C, Zannad F, Packer M. Empagliflozin Improves Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Heart Failure Irrespective of Systolic Blood Pressure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:1337-1348. [PMID: 34556320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empagliflozin reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization in patients with reduced ejection fraction. Its interplay with systolic blood pressure (SBP) is not known. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to evaluate the interplay of SBP and the effects of empagliflozin in EMPEROR-Reduced (Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction). METHODS Study patients (N = 3,730) were randomly assigned to groups according to SBP at baseline (<110 mm Hg, n = 928; 110-130 mm Hg, n = 1,755; >130 mm Hg, n = 1,047). This study explored the influence of SBP on the effects of empagliflozin on cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization (primary outcome), as well as on total HF hospitalizations, rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate, renal outcomes, and empagliflozin's effects and significance on SBP. RESULTS Over a median of 16 months considering only patients receiving placebo, baseline SBP and the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF (P trend = 0.0015) were inversely related. Corrected for placebo, a slight early increase was observed in SBP at <110 mm Hg, no change at 110-130 mm Hg, and a slight reduction at >130 mm Hg. These between-group differences were of borderline significance (P for interaction trend = 0.05-0.10) after 4 and 12 weeks but were not significant later. SBP at baseline did not influence the effect of empagliflozin to reduce the risk of HF events or renal endpoints. When treated with empagliflozin, patients with SBP <110 mm Hg did not have an increased rate of symptomatic hypotension. CONCLUSIONS Empagliflozin was effective and safe, with no meaningful interaction between SBP and the effects of empagliflozin in the EMPEROR-Reduced trial. (Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction [EMPEROR-Reduced]; NCT03057977).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Université de Lorraine, Centre d'Investigation Clinique-Plurithématique Inserm CIC-P 1433, Nancy, France Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy Brabois, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim, Germany; Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Christoph Wanner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 1, Schwerpunkt Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Centre d'Investigation Clinique-Plurithématique Inserm CIC-P 1433, Nancy, France Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy Brabois, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Nancy, France
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Javed B, Anker S, Brueckmann M, Filippatos G, Jamal W, Kimura K, Packer M, Pocock S, Schnee J, Zannad F, Zeller C. P002. Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure. Heart Lung 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Packer M, Januzzi JL, Ferreira JP, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Pocock SJ, Brueckmann M, Jamal W, Cotton D, Iwata T, Zannad F. Concentration-dependent clinical and prognostic importance of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction and the influence of empagliflozin: the EMPEROR-Reduced trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2021; 23:1529-1538. [PMID: 34053177 PMCID: PMC9291909 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Circulating troponin is an important measure of risk in patients with heart failure, but it has not been used to determine if disease severity influences the responses to drug treatments in randomized controlled trials. Methods and results In the EMPEROR‐Reduced trial, patients with class II–IV heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction were randomly assigned to placebo or empagliflozin 10 mg daily and followed for the occurrence of serious heart failure and renal events. High‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) was measured in 3636 patients (>97%) at baseline, and patients were divided into four groups based on the degree of troponin elevation. With increasing concentrations of hs‐cTnT, patients were progressively more likely to have diabetes and atrial fibrillation, to have New York Heart Association class III–IV symptoms and been hospitalized for heart failure within the prior year, and to have elevated levels of natriuretic peptides and worse renal function (P‐trend < 0.0001 for all comparisons), but importantly, the troponin groups did not differ with respect to ejection fraction. A linear relationship was observed between the logarithm of hs‐cTnT and the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure (P = 0.0015). When treated with placebo, patients with the highest levels of hs‐cTnT had risks of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure that were 3–5 fold greater than those with values in the normal range. Patients with higher levels of hs‐cTnT were also more likely to experience worsening of renal function and serious adverse renal events and showed the least improvement in health status (as measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire). When compared with placebo, empagliflozin reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, regardless of the baseline level of hs‐cTnT, whether the effects of treatment were analysed as hazard ratios or absolute risk reductions. Conclusions Elevations in hs‐cTnT reflect the clinical severity, stability and prognosis of patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, with biomarkers, comorbidities, clinical course and risks that are proportional to the magnitude of hs‐cTnT elevation. Empagliflozin exerted favourable effects on heart failure and renal outcomes, regardless of the baseline concentration of hs‐cTnT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Imperial College, London, UK
| | - James L Januzzi
- Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH and Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Cotton
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Tomoko Iwata
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm INI-CRCT, CHRU, Nancy, France
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Butler J, Anker SD, Filippatos G, Khan MS, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, Giannetti N, Januzzi JL, Piña IL, Lam CSP, Ponikowski P, Sattar N, Verma S, Brueckmann M, Jamal W, Vedin O, Peil B, Zeller C, Zannad F, Packer M. Empagliflozin and health-related quality of life outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the EMPEROR-Reduced trial. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1203-1212. [PMID: 33420498 PMCID: PMC8014525 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims In this secondary analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced trial, we sought to evaluate whether the benefits of empagliflozin varied by baseline health status and how empagliflozin impacted patient-reported outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Methods and results Health status was assessed by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaires-clinical summary score (KCCQ-CSS). The influence of baseline KCCQ-CSS (analyzed by tertiles) on the effect of empagliflozin on major outcomes was examined using Cox proportional hazards models. Responder analyses were performed to assess the odds of improvement and deterioration in KCCQ scores related to treatment with empagliflozin. Empagliflozin reduced the primary outcome of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization regardless of baseline KCCQ-CSS tertiles [hazard ratio (HR) 0.83 (0.68–1.02), HR 0.74 (0.58–0.94), and HR 0.61 (0.46–0.82) for <62.5, 62.6–85.4, and ≥85.4 score tertiles, respectively; P-trend = 0.10]. Empagliflozin improved KCCQ-CSS, total symptom score, and overall summary score at 3, 8, and 12 months. More patients on empagliflozin had ≥5-point [odds ratio (OR) 1.20 (1.05–1.37)], 10-point [OR 1.26 (1.10–1.44)], and 15-point [OR 1.29 (1.12–1.48)] improvement and fewer had ≥5-point [OR 0.75 (0.64–0.87)] deterioration in KCCQ-CSS at 3 months. These benefits were sustained at 8 and 12 months and were similar for other KCCQ domains. Conclusion Empagliflozin improved cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization risk across the range of baseline health status. Empagliflozin improved health status across various domains, and this benefit was sustained during long-term follow-up. Clinical trial registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03057977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK); and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Heart Failure Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, 2 Thivon Street, Athens 157 72, Greece
| | - Muhammad Shahzeb Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Department of Cardiothoracic Physiology and Surgery, Cardiovascular R&D Unit, Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, 5 Rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WCIE 7HT, UK
| | - Nadia Giannetti
- Division of Cardiology, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Blvd.Royal Victoria Hospital, D05.5115 Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - James L Januzzi
- Cardiology Division, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ileana L Piña
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, 540 E. Canfield Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore & Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Rd, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Centre for Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (GCRC), 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Binger Strasse 173 Ingelheim am Rhein, 55216, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Binger Strasse 173 Ingelheim am Rhein, 55216, Germany
| | - Ola Vedin
- Boehringer Ingelheim AB, Hammarby allé 29, 120 32 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Peil
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Binger Strasse 173 Ingelheim am Rhein, 55216, Germany
| | - Cordula Zeller
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Physiology and Surgery, Cardiovascular R&D Unit, Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, 5 Rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Milton Packer
- Cardiovascular Science, Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 621 N. Hall Street, Dallas, TX 75226, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Guy Scadding Building, Cale Street, SW3 6LY London, UK
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11
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Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, Rocca HPBL, Janssens S, Tsutsui H, Zhang J, Brueckmann M, Jamal W, Cotton D, Iwata T, Schnee J, Zannad F. Influence of neprilysin inhibition on the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: the EMPEROR-Reduced trial. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:671-680. [PMID: 33459776 PMCID: PMC7878011 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We evaluated the influence of sacubitril/valsartan on the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition with empagliflozin in patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction. Methods and results The EMPEROR-Reduced trial randomized 3730 patients with heart failure and an ejection fraction ≤40% to placebo or empagliflozin (10 mg/day), in addition to recommended treatment for heart failure, for a median of 16 months. A total of 727 patients (19.5%) received sacubitril/valsartan at baseline. Analysis of the effect of neprilysin inhibition was 1 of 12 pre-specified subgroups. Patients receiving a neprilysin inhibitor were particularly well-treated, as evidenced by lower systolic pressures, heart rates, N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide, and greater use of cardiac devices (all P < 0.001) when compared with those not receiving sacubitril/valsartan. Nevertheless, when compared with placebo, empagliflozin reduced the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients receiving or not receiving sacubitril/valsartan [hazard ratio 0.64 (95% CI 0.45–0.89), P = 0.009 and hazard ratio 0.77 (95% CI 0.66–0.90), P = 0.0008, respectively, interaction P = 0.31]. Empagliflozin slowed the rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate by 1.92 ± 0.80 mL/min/1.73 m2/year in patients taking a neprilysin inhibitor (P = 0.016) and by 1.71 ± 0.35 mL/min/1.73 m2/year in patients not taking a neprilysin inhibitor (P < 0.0001), interaction P = 0.81. Combined inhibition of SGLT2 and neprilysin was well-tolerated. Conclusion The effects on empagliflozin to reduce the risk of heart failure and renal events are not diminished in intensively treated patients who are receiving sacubitril/valsartan. Combined treatment with both SGLT2 and neprilysin inhibitors can be expected to yield substantial additional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 621 N. Hall Street, Dallas, TX, USA.,Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jian Zhang
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH and Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Cotton
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Tomoko Iwata
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Janet Schnee
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm INI-CRCT, CHRU, Nancy, France
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12
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Abraham WT, Lindenfeld J, Ponikowski P, Agostoni P, Butler J, Desai AS, Filippatos G, Gniot J, Fu M, Gullestad L, Howlett JG, Nicholls SJ, Redon J, Schenkenberger I, Silva-Cardoso J, Störk S, Krzysztof Wranicz J, Savarese G, Brueckmann M, Jamal W, Nordaby M, Peil B, Ritter I, Ustyugova A, Zeller C, Salsali A, Anker SD. Effect of empagliflozin on exercise ability and symptoms in heart failure patients with reduced and preserved ejection fraction, with and without type 2 diabetes. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:700-710. [PMID: 33351892 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The EMPERIAL (Effect of EMPagliflozin on ExeRcise ability and HF symptoms In patients with chronic heArt faiLure) trials evaluated the effects of empagliflozin on exercise ability and patient-reported outcomes in heart failure (HF) with reduced and preserved ejection fraction (EF), with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D), reporting, for the first time, the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibition in HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). METHODS AND RESULTS HF patients with reduced EF (HFrEF) (≤40%, N = 312, EMPERIAL-Reduced) or preserved EF (>40%, N = 315, EMPERIAL-Preserved), with and without T2D, were randomized to empagliflozin 10 mg or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was 6-minute walk test distance (6MWTD) change to Week 12. Key secondary endpoints included Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Total Symptom Score (KCCQ-TSS) and Chronic Heart Failure Questionnaire Self-Administered Standardized format (CHQ-SAS) dyspnoea score. 6MWTD median (95% confidence interval) differences, empagliflozin vs. placebo, at Week 12 were -4.0 m (-16.0, 6.0; P = 0.42) and 4.0 m (-5.0, 13.0; P = 0.37) in EMPERIAL-Reduced and EMPERIAL-Preserved, respectively. As the primary endpoint was non-significant, all secondary endpoints were considered exploratory. Changes in KCCQ-TSS and CHQ-SAS dyspnoea score were non-significant. Improvements with empagliflozin in exploratory pre-specified analyses of KCCQ-TSS responder rates, congestion score, and diuretic use in EMPERIAL-Reduced are hypothesis generating. Empagliflozin adverse events were consistent with those previously reported. CONCLUSION The primary outcome for both trials was neutral. Empagliflozin was well tolerated in HF patients, with and without T2D, with a safety profile consistent with that previously reported in T2D. Hypothesis-generating improvements in exploratory analyses of secondary endpoints with empagliflozin in HFrEF were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Abraham
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - JoAnn Lindenfeld
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Wroclaw Medical University, Wybrzeże L. Pasteura 1, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea, 4 - 20138, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 19 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS-39216, USA
| | - Akshay S Desai
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens 157 72, Greece.,University of Cyprus, School of Medicine, Shacolas Educational Centre for Clinical Medicine, Palaios dromos Lefkosias Lemesou No.215/6, 2029 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jacek Gniot
- Department of Cardiology, Independent Public Healthcare, General Hospital in Puławy; ul. Bema 1; 24 - 100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Michael Fu
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra Hospital, Gothenburg University, Blå stråket 5, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Søsterhjemmet, Kirkeveien 166, 2.etasje, 0450 Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Center for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Sogn Arena, Klaus Torgårds vei 3, 2. Etg, 0372 Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology Medicine (Building 3), 1st floor, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0407 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan G Howlett
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, 27 Rainforest Walk, Clayton VIC 3800, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Josep Redon
- INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, vinguda de Menéndez y Pelayo, 4, 46010 Valencia, and CIBERObn, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Silva-Cardoso
- CardioCare, CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, and Director of the Cardiology Service, Porto University Medical School, São João University Medical Centre, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, s/n 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefan Störk
- Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, Würzburg University and University Hospital Würzburg, Straubmühlweg 2, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Krzysztof Wranicz
- Department of Electrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, al. Tadeusza Kościuszki 4, 90-41, Lodz, Poland
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna Karolinska University Hospital D1:04, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Binger Str. 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Binger Str. 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Matias Nordaby
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Binger Str. 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Barbara Peil
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Binger Str. 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Ivana Ritter
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Binger Str. 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Anastasia Ustyugova
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Binger Str. 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Cordula Zeller
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Afshin Salsali
- Heart Failure and DM Global Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, 900 Ridgebury Rd, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Shahzeb Khan M, Ferreira JP, Bocchi E, Böhm M, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Choi DJ, Chopra V, Chuquiure E, Giannetti N, Gomez-Mesa JE, Janssens S, Januzzi JL, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Merkely B, Nicholls SJ, Perrone SV, Piña IL, Ponikowski P, Senni M, Seronde MF, Sim D, Spinar J, Squire I, Taddei S, Tsutsui H, Verma S, Vinereanu D, Zhang J, Jamal W, Schnaidt S, Schnee JM, Brueckmann M, Pocock SJ, Zannad F, Packer M. Baseline characteristics of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the EMPEROR-Preserved trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2021; 22:2383-2392. [PMID: 33251670 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS EMPEROR-Preserved is an ongoing trial evaluating the effect of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This report describes the baseline characteristics of the EMPEROR-Preserved cohort and compares them with patients enrolled in prior HFpEF trials. METHODS AND RESULTS EMPEROR-Preserved is a phase III randomized, international, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial in which 5988 symptomatic HFpEF patients [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >40%] with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been enrolled. Patients were required to have elevated N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations (i.e. >300 pg/mL in patients without and >900 pg/mL in patients with atrial fibrillation) along with evidence of structural changes in the heart or documented history of heart failure hospitalization. Among patients enrolled from various regions (45% Europe, 11% Asia, 25% Latin America, 12% North America), the mean age was 72 ± 9 years, 45% were women. Almost all patients had New York Heart Association class II or III symptoms (99.6%), and 23% had prior heart failure hospitalization within 12 months. Thirty-three percent of the patients had baseline LVEF of 41-50%. The mean LVEF (54 ± 9%) was slightly lower while the median NT-proBNP [974 (499-1731) pg/mL] was higher compared with previous HFpEF trials. Presence of comorbidities such as diabetes (49%) and chronic kidney disease (50%) were common. The majority of the patients were on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers/angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (80%) and beta-blockers (86%), and 37% of patients were on mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. CONCLUSION When compared with prior trials in HFpEF, the EMPEROR-Preserved cohort has a somewhat higher burden of comorbidities, lower LVEF, higher median NT-proBNP and greater use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists at baseline. Results of the EMPEROR-Preserved trial will be available in 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Javed Butler
- University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MI, USA
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Edimar Bocchi
- São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Böhm
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Homberg, Germany
| | | | - Dong-Ju Choi
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Chopra
- Medanta Medicity to Max Superspeciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India
| | - Eduardo Chuquiure
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - James L Januzzi
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sergio V Perrone
- Department of Cardiology, FLENI Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jindrich Spinar
- University Hospital, Masaryk University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iain Squire
- NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Subodh Verma
- St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dragos Vinereanu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, University and Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Jian Zhang
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academic of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Sven Schnaidt
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Imperial College, London, UK
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14
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Ferreira JP, Zannad F, Pocock SJ, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Brueckmann M, Jamal W, Steubl D, Schueler E, Packer M. Interplay of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists and Empagliflozin in Heart Failure: EMPEROR-Reduced. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:1397-1407. [PMID: 33736821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors favorably influence the clinical course of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. OBJECTIVES This study sought to study the mutual influence of empagliflozin and MRAs in EMPEROR-Reduced (Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction). METHODS Secondary analysis that compared the effects of empagliflozin versus placebo in 3,730 patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, of whom 71% used MRAs at randomization. RESULTS The effects of empagliflozin on the primary endpoint, on most efficacy endpoints, and on safety were similar in patients receiving or not receiving an MRA (interaction p > 0.20). For cardiovascular death, the hazard ratios for the effect of empagliflozin versus placebo were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65 to 1.05) in MRA users and 1.19 (95% CI: 0.82 to 1.71) in MRA nonusers (interaction p = 0.10); a similar pattern was seen for all-cause mortality (interaction p = 0.098). Among MRA nonusers at baseline, patients in the empagliflozin group were 35% less likely than those in the placebo group to initiate treatment with an MRA following randomization (hazard ratio: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.85). Among MRA users at baseline, patients in the empagliflozin group were 22% less likely than those in the placebo group to discontinue treatment with an MRA following randomization (hazard ratio: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.96). Severe hyperkalemia was less common in the empagliflozin group. CONCLUSIONS In EMPEROR-Reduced, the use of MRAs did not influence the effect of empagliflozin to reduce adverse heart failure and renal outcomes. Treatment with empagliflozin was associated with less discontinuation of MRAs. (Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction [EMPEROR-Reduced]; NCT03057977).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Ferreira
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, CHRU de Nancy, Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Nancy, France.
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, CHRU de Nancy, Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Nancy, France
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany; Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Dominik Steubl
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | - Milton Packer
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, Carson P, Anand I, Doehner W, Haass M, Komajda M, Miller A, Pehrson S, Teerlink JR, Brueckmann M, Jamal W, Zeller C, Schnaidt S, Zannad F. Effect of Empagliflozin on the Clinical Stability of Patients With Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction: The EMPEROR-Reduced Trial. Circulation 2021; 143:326-336. [PMID: 33081531 PMCID: PMC7834905 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.051783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empagliflozin reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, with or without diabetes, but additional data are needed about the effect of the drug on inpatient and outpatient events that reflect worsening heart failure. METHODS We randomly assigned 3730 patients with class II to IV heart failure with an ejection fraction of ≤40% to double-blind treatment with placebo or empagliflozin (10 mg once daily), in addition to recommended treatments for heart failure, for a median of 16 months. We prospectively collected information on inpatient and outpatient events reflecting worsening heart failure and prespecified their analysis in individual and composite end points. RESULTS Empagliflozin reduced the combined risk of death, hospitalization for heart failure or an emergent/urgent heart failure visit requiring intravenous treatment (415 versus 519 patients; empagliflozin versus placebo, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67-0.87; P<0.0001). This benefit reached statistical significance at 12 days after randomization. Empagliflozin reduced the total number of heart failure hospitalizations that required intensive care (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50-0.90; P=0.008) and that required a vasopressor or positive inotropic drug or mechanical or surgical intervention (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47-0.87; P=0.005). As compared with placebo, fewer patients in the empagliflozin group reported intensification of diuretics (297 versus 414 [HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.56-0.78; P<0.0001]). Additionally, patients assigned to empagliflozin were 20% to 40% more likely to experience an improvement in New York Heart Association functional class and were 20% to 40% less likely to experience worsening of New York Heart Association functional class, with statistically significant effects that were apparent 28 days after randomization and maintained during long-term follow-up. The risk of any inpatient or outpatient worsening heart failure event in the placebo group was high (48.1 per 100 patient-years of follow-up), and it was reduced by empagliflozin (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.63-0.78; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, empagliflozin reduced the risk and total number of inpatient and outpatient worsening heart failure events, with benefits seen early after initiation of treatment and sustained for the duration of double-blind therapy. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03057977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.P.)
- Imperial College, London, UK (M.P.)
| | - Stefan D. Anker
- Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (S.D.A., W.D.)
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.)
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Greece (G.F.)
| | | | - Stuart J. Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK (S.J.P.)
| | - Peter Carson
- Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center (P.C.)
| | - Inder Anand
- Department of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (I.A.)
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (S.D.A., W.D.)
| | - Markus Haass
- Theresienkrankenhaus and St.Hedwig-Klinik, Mannheim, Germany (M.H.)
| | - Michel Komajda
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Saint Joseph, Paris, France (M.K.)
| | | | - Steen Pehrson
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (S.P.)
| | - John R. Teerlink
- Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CA (J.R.T.)
| | | | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany (M.B., W.J., C.Z.)
| | - Cordula Zeller
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany (M.B., W.J., C.Z.)
| | - Sven Schnaidt
- Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany (D.M., S.S.)
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm INI-CRCT, CHRU, Nancy, France (J.P.F., F.Z.)
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16
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Packer M, Butler J, Filippatos G, Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Zeller C, Brueckmann M, Jamal W, Pocock SJ, Anker SD. Design of a prospective patient-level pooled analysis of two parallel trials of empagliflozin in patients with established heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:2393-2398. [PMID: 33251659 PMCID: PMC7898542 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The EMPEROR‐Reduced trial demonstrated that empagliflozin reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with a reduced ejection fraction, and the EMPEROR‐Preserved trial is currently evaluating the effect of the drug on the same endpoint in patients with an ejection fraction >40%. However, neither the trial was designed to have adequate statistical power to evaluate the effects of empagliflozin and dapagliflozin on major adverse renal outcomes or on mortality. Herein we describe the design of a prospective individual patient‐level pooled analysis of two large‐scale trials with empagliflozin (EMPEROR‐Reduced and EMPEROR‐Preserved) in patients with heart failure across the spectrum of ejection fraction. Methods The trials were carried out in parallel using the same administrative structure and committees, randomization procedure, schedule of study visits and adjudication criteria and similar groups of investigators and case report forms. The two component trials specified the same primary and key secondary endpoints and used an identical hierarchical testing procedure, which included a pooled analysis of the two trials as a key component of the hierarchy. Consequently, the pooled analysis has been prospectively assigned a false positive error rate, which is conditional on one or both trials first achieving success on their primary and one or both key secondary endpoints. The pooled analysis has its own statistical plan with its own endpoints, and this plan was finalized before either trial had begun recruitment of patients into either study. The primary endpoint of the pooled analysis is a composite of serious adverse renal outcomes, defined by chronic dialysis, renal transplantation and a profound or sustained decrease in glomerular filtration rate. All‐cause and cardiovascular mortality are specified as secondary endpoints. Conclusion The planned pooled analysis has an unusually high degree of statistical rigour that will allow it to address important questions that cannot be fully addressed by the individual trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm INI-CRCT, CHRU, Nancy, France
| | | | - Cordula Zeller
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH and Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Alazemi AM, Jamal W, Al Khabbaz A, Rotimi VO. Prevalence of target anaerobes associated with chronic periodontitis. Access Microbiol 2020; 2:acmi000177. [PMID: 33490872 PMCID: PMC7818240 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontal diseases are a group of chronic infections that destroy tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Data on the anaerobes associated with periodontal infections in Kuwait is lacking. Aim To investigate the target anaerobes associated with chronic periodontitis (CP) in patients admitted to Dental Clinics in Kuwait University Health Sciences Center, Kuwait. Methodology Patients with CP (severe and moderate) were recruited into this study during a period of 15 months. Samples were collected directly from inside the gingival pockets and subjected to semi-quantitative PCR assays. Results A total of 30 patients, stratified into moderate and severe CP and 31 healthy individuals, used as controls, were studied. Nine (30 %) of the 30 patients were in the 50–59-year age group. The detection rate of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans between the patients (9 : 30 %) versus the controls (5 : 16.1 %) was non-significant (P >0.05). Fusobacterium spp., were detected in all patients versus 29 (93.1 %) controls, (P >0.05). However, four target anaerobes were significantly associated with CP patients; Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected in ten (33.3 %) patients versus two (6.4 %) controls (P <0.0001); Tannerella forsythia 25 (83.3 %) versus 16 (51.6 %) controls (P <0.0001); Parvimonas micra 27 (90 %) versus 16 (51.6 %) controls (P <0.0001) and Treponema denticola, 18 (60 %) versus nine (29 %) controls (P <0.0001), respectively. Prevotella spp. were detected in 27 (90 %) patients and 30 (96.7 %) controls (P>0.5). There was no significant difference in the burden of Prevotella spp. between patients and controls determined by semi-quantitative PCR assays. Conclusion Some (4/7) of the target anaerobes were significantly associated with CP in our study. P. gingivalis was the most strongly associated anaerobe with CP, although not the keystone bacteria, while Prevotella spp. was similar to the healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Jamal
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - A. Al Khabbaz
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - V. O. Rotimi
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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18
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McGuire DK, Zinman B, Inzucchi SE, Wanner C, Fitchett D, Anker SD, Pocock S, Kaspers S, George JT, von Eynatten M, Johansen OE, Jamal W, Mattheus M, Elsasser U, Hantel S, Lund SS. Effects of empagliflozin on first and recurrent clinical events in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a secondary analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020; 8:949-959. [PMID: 33217335 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are at high clinical risk. We assessed the effect of the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, on total cardiovascular events and admissions to hospital in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. METHODS The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial was a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial of patients (aged ≥18 years) with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease done between August, 2010, and April, 2015. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to empagliflozin 10 mg or 25 mg, or placebo. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events: a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal stroke, or non-fatal myocardial infarction. As prespecified, the effects of pooled empagliflozin versus placebo were assessed on total (first plus recurrent) events of major adverse cardiovascular events, fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction, fatal or non-fatal stroke, and admission to hospital for heart failure. We also did post-hoc analyses on additional cardiovascular and admission to hospital outcomes. We used statistical models that preserve randomisation and account for correlation of recurrent events, including negative binomial regression, as prespecified for the primary analyses. The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01131676, and is closed to accrual. FINDINGS In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, 7020 patients were randomly assigned and treated with empagliflozin 10 mg (n=2345), empagliflozin 25 mg (n=2342), or placebo (n=2333) and followed up for a median of 3·2 years (IQR 2·2 to 3·6) in the pooled empagliflozin group and 3·1 years (2·2 to 3·5) in the placebo group. Analysing total (first plus recurrent) events, empagliflozin versus placebo reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (rate ratio [RR] 0·78 [95% CI 0·67 to 0·91]; p=0·0020; 12·88 [95% CI 3·74 to 22·02] events prevented per 1000 patient-years); fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction (0·79 [0·62 to 0·998]; p=0·049; 4·97 [-0·68 to 10·61] events prevented per 1000 patient-years); the composite of fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularisation (0·80 [0·67 to 0·95]; p=0·012; 11·65 [1·25 to 22·05] events prevented per 1000 patient-years); admission to hospital for heart failure (0·58 [0·42 to 0·81]; p=0·0012; 9·67 [3·07 to 16·28] events prevented per 1000 patient-years); and all-cause admission to hospital (0·83 [0·76 to 0·91]; p<0·0001; 50·41 [26·20 to 74·63] events prevented per 1000 patient-years). For outcomes significantly reduced with empagliflozin, risk reductions were numerically larger for total events than for first events. Total fatal or non-fatal stroke was not significantly different between treatment groups (RR 1·10 [95% CI 0·82 to 1·49]; p=0·52). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin reduced the total burden of cardiovascular complications and all-cause admission to hospital in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. FUNDING The Boehringer Ingelheim and Lilly Alliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren K McGuire
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Silvio E Inzucchi
- Section of Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - David Fitchett
- St Michael's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stuart Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Søren S Lund
- Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim, Germany
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19
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Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Khan MS, Marx N, Lam CSP, Schnaidt S, Ofstad AP, Brueckmann M, Jamal W, Bocchi EA, Ponikowski P, Perrone SV, Januzzi JL, Verma S, Böhm M, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, Zannad F, Packer M. Effect of Empagliflozin on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure by Baseline Diabetes Status: Results From the EMPEROR-Reduced Trial. Circulation 2020; 143:337-349. [PMID: 33175585 PMCID: PMC7834911 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.051824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors improve outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, but additional information is needed about whether glycemic status influences the magnitude of their benefits on heart failure and renal events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.D.A.)
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B., M.S.K.)
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Greece (G.F.)
| | - Muhammad Shahzeb Khan
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B., M.S.K.)
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Germany (N.M.)
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore & Duke-National University of Singapore (C.S.P.L.)
| | - Sven Schnaidt
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany (S.S.)
| | | | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany (M.B., W.J.).,Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.).,Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany (M.B., W.J.)
| | - Edimar A Bocchi
- Heart Institute of the University of Sao Paulo (InCor), Brazil (E.A.B.)
| | | | - Sergio V Perrone
- Hospital de Alta Complejidad El Cruce "Nestor Kirchner," Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina (S.V.P.)
| | - James L Januzzi
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.L.J.)
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada (S.V.)
| | - Michael Böhm
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany (M.B., W.J.).,Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany (M.B.).,Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany (M.B.)
| | | | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK (S.J.P.)
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Nancy, France (J.P.F., F.Z.)
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (M.P.).,Imperial College, London, UK (M.P.)
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20
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Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Pocock SJ, Carson P, Januzzi J, Verma S, Tsutsui H, Brueckmann M, Jamal W, Kimura K, Schnee J, Zeller C, Cotton D, Bocchi E, Böhm M, Choi DJ, Chopra V, Chuquiure E, Giannetti N, Janssens S, Zhang J, Gonzalez Juanatey JR, Kaul S, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Merkely B, Nicholls SJ, Perrone S, Pina I, Ponikowski P, Sattar N, Senni M, Seronde MF, Spinar J, Squire I, Taddei S, Wanner C, Zannad F. Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1413-1424. [PMID: 32865377 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2022190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2413] [Impact Index Per Article: 603.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in patients regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. More evidence is needed regarding the effects of these drugs in patients across the broad spectrum of heart failure, including those with a markedly reduced ejection fraction. METHODS In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 3730 patients with class II, III, or IV heart failure and an ejection fraction of 40% or less to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or placebo, in addition to recommended therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for worsening heart failure. RESULTS During a median of 16 months, a primary outcome event occurred in 361 of 1863 patients (19.4%) in the empagliflozin group and in 462 of 1867 patients (24.7%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio for cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.86; P<0.001). The effect of empagliflozin on the primary outcome was consistent in patients regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. The total number of hospitalizations for heart failure was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.85; P<0.001). The annual rate of decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate was slower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (-0.55 vs. -2.28 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area per year, P<0.001), and empagliflozin-treated patients had a lower risk of serious renal outcomes. Uncomplicated genital tract infection was reported more frequently with empagliflozin. CONCLUSIONS Among patients receiving recommended therapy for heart failure, those in the empagliflozin group had a lower risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure than those in the placebo group, regardless of the presence or absence of diabetes. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly; EMPEROR-Reduced ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03057977.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Stefan D Anker
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Javed Butler
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Peter Carson
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - James Januzzi
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Subodh Verma
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Waheed Jamal
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Karen Kimura
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Janet Schnee
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Cordula Zeller
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Daniel Cotton
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Edimar Bocchi
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Michael Böhm
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Dong-Ju Choi
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Vijay Chopra
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Eduardo Chuquiure
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Nadia Giannetti
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Stefan Janssens
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Jian Zhang
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Jose R Gonzalez Juanatey
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Sanjay Kaul
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Bela Merkely
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Sergio Perrone
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Ileana Pina
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Naveed Sattar
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Michele Senni
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Marie-France Seronde
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Jindrich Spinar
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Iain Squire
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Stefano Taddei
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Christoph Wanner
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
| | - Faiez Zannad
- From Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas (M.P.); Imperial College (M.P.) and the Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (S.J.P.), London, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (N.S.), and the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester (I.S.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Center for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin (S.D.A.), Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim (M. Brueckmann, W.J.), Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim (M. Brueckmann), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Biberach (C.Z.), Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University, Homburg-Saar (M. Böhm), and the Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg (C.W.) - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson (J.B.); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens (G.F.); Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC (P.C.); the Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.J.); the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto (S.V.), Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Burlington, ON (K.K.), and the Division of Cardiology, McGill University and Health Centre, Montreal (N.G.) - all in Canada; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (H.T.); Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT (J. Schnee, D.C.); Heart Institute, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo (E.B.); the Department of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea (D.-J.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Clinical Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City (E.C.); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.); Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (J.Z.); the Cardiology Department, University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (J.R.G.J.); the Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (S.K.); Maastricht Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (H.P.B.-L.R.); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Victorian Heart Institute and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (S.J.N.); Fleni Institute and Hospital El Cruce-Nestor Kirchner, Buenos Aires (S.P.); the Department of Medicine, Wayne State and Central Michigan Universities, Detroit (I.P.); the Center for Heart Diseases, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland (P.P.); the Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M.S.), and the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa (S.T.) - both in Italy; the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, Besançon (M.-F.S.), and Université de Lorraine, INSERM Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Nancy (F.Z.) - both in France; and Internal Cardiology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic (J. Spinar)
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21
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Zannad F, Ferreira JP, Pocock SJ, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Brueckmann M, Ofstad AP, Pfarr E, Jamal W, Packer M. SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials. Lancet 2020; 396:819-829. [PMID: 32877652 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 707] [Impact Index Per Article: 176.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both DAPA-HF (assessing dapagliflozin) and EMPEROR-Reduced (assessing empagliflozin) trials showed that sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalisation for heart failure in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with or without diabetes. However, neither trial was powered to assess effects on cardiovascular death or all-cause death or to characterise effects in clinically important subgroups. Using study-level published data from DAPA-HF and patient-level data from EMPEROR-Reduced, we aimed to estimate the effect of SGLT2 inhibition on fatal and non-fatal heart failure events and renal outcomes in all randomly assigned patients with HFrEF and in relevant subgroups from DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced trials. METHODS We did a prespecified meta-analysis of the two single large-scale trials assessing the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HFrEF with or without diabetes: DAPA-HF (assessing dapagliflozin) and EMPEROR-Reduced (assessing empagliflozin). The primary endpoint was time to all-cause death. Additionally, we assessed the effects of treatment in prespecified subgroups on the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalisation for heart failure. These subgroups were based on type 2 diabetes status, age, sex, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) treatment, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, race, history of hospitalisation for heart failure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), body-mass index, and region (post-hoc). We used hazard ratios (HRs) derived from Cox proportional hazard models for time-to-first event endpoints and Cochran's Q test for treatment interactions; the analysis of recurrent events was based on rate ratios derived from the Lin-Wei-Yang-Ying model. FINDINGS Among 8474 patients combined from both trials, the estimated treatment effect was a 13% reduction in all-cause death (pooled HR 0·87, 95% CI 0·77-0·98; p=0·018) and 14% reduction in cardiovascular death (0·86, 0·76-0·98; p=0·027). SGLT2 inhibition was accompanied by a 26% relative reduction in the combined risk of cardiovascular death or first hospitalisation for heart failure (0·74, 0·68-0·82; p<0·0001), and by a 25% decrease in the composite of recurrent hospitalisations for heart failure or cardiovascular death (0·75, 0·68-0·84; p<0·0001). The risk of the composite renal endpoint was also reduced (0·62, 0·43-0·90; p=0·013). All tests for heterogeneity of effect size between trials were not significant. The pooled treatment effects showed consistent benefits for subgroups based on age, sex, diabetes, treatment with an ARNI and baseline eGFR, but suggested treatment-by-subgroup interactions for subgroups based on NYHA functional class and race. INTERPRETATION The effects of empagliflozin and dapagliflozin on hospitalisations for heart failure were consistent in the two independent trials and suggest that these agents also improve renal outcomes and reduce all-cause and cardiovascular death in patients with HFrEF. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiez Zannad
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, Université de Lorraine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1116, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Nancy, France.
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, Université de Lorraine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1116, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Nancy, France
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Egon Pfarr
- Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Imperial College London, London, UK
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Cavinato L, Cardinaux A, Jain K, Jamal W, Kjelgaard M, Sinha P, Barbieri R. Characterizing autonomic response to arousing visual-auditory multi-modal task in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2020; 2019:4942-4945. [PMID: 31946969 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8856641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sensory abnormalities are widespread in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, their definition is still quite subjective and vague. Here we propose a novel approach for characterization of Autonomic Nervous System responses to sensory stimulation based on electrocardiogram (ECG) assessment. In particular, we develop a preliminary study where autonomic responses of both autistic (ASD = 5) and neurotypical (NT = 5) participants have been evaluated in terms of changes in responsiveness to repeated stimuli. Autonomic control has been estimated via high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) and low-frequency HRV (LF-HRV). Results show significant differences among groups for the HRV measures (p value = 0.0158), supported by expected changes of HF (p value = 0.0079) and LF (p value = 0.0079) trends over stimulations. We thus conclude that an overall decrease in autonomic arousal can give important insights for devising new habituation metrics in NT and ASD individuals.
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McGuire D, Zinman B, Inzucchi SE, Anker SD, Wanner C, Kaspers S, Von Eynatten M, Johansen OE, Elsasser U, Pocock S, Fitchett D, Jamal W, Hantel S, Lund SS. P6270Empagliflozin reduces the total burden of first and recurrent hospitalisations in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aims
The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial included patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease. Empagliflozin reduced the risk of 3-point major adverse CV events (MACE; composite of CV death, myocardial infarction [MI], or stroke) by 14%, CV death by 38% and hospitalisation for heart failure (HF) by 35% vs placebo in analyses of time to first event. We assessed the effect of empagliflozin on all-cause hospitalisation in post-hoc analyses of all (first and recurrent) events.
Materials and methods
Patients were randomised to receive empagliflozin 10 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg, or placebo in addition to standard of care. We assessed the effects of empagliflozin pooled vs placebo on first event of all-cause hospitalisation using Cox regression and all (first and recurrent) events of all-cause hospitalisation using a negative binomial model.
Results
A total of 7020 patients were treated (4687 empagliflozin; 2333 placebo, mean [SD] age 63 [9] years, 71% male, 47% with history of MI, 23% with history of stroke, 10% with HF). In this analysis, 1725/4687 (36.8%) empagliflozin patients and 925/2333 (39.6%) placebo patients experienced an event leading to hospitalisation. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR; 95% CI) vs placebo for first all-cause hospitalisation using the Cox regression model was 0.89 (0.82, 0.96; p=0.0033; Figure); In analyses of all (first and recurrent) hospitalisation events, there were 3168 events in the empagliflozin group and 1863 in the placebo group. The adjusted event rate ratio (95% CI) vs placebo was 0.83 (0.76, 0.91; p<0.0001; Figure).
Conclusion
In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, risk reductions with empagliflozin were seen in both first and all hospitalisation events and were numerically more favourable in analyses of all events vs analyses of first events. These analyses expand on the favourable CV effects of empagliflozin by also showing a reduction in the total burden of hospitalisation events in patients with T2D and established CV disease.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Boehringer Ingelheim & Eli Lilly and Company Diabetes Alliance
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Affiliation(s)
- D McGuire
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - B Zinman
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S E Inzucchi
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, New Haven, United States of America
| | - S D Anker
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Department of Cardiology (Campus CVK) & BRCT, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Wanner
- Würzburg University Clinic, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Kaspers
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - M Von Eynatten
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - O.-E Johansen
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - U Elsasser
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - S Pocock
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medical Statistics, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Fitchett
- St. Michael's Hospital, Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - W Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - S Hantel
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - S S Lund
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
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Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos GS, Jamal W, Salsali A, Schnee J, Kimura K, Zeller C, George J, Brueckmann M, Zannad F, Packer M. Evaluation of the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:1279-1287. [PMID: 31523904 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The principal biological processes that characterize heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are systemic inflammation, epicardial adipose tissue accumulation, coronary microcirculatory rarefaction, myocardial fibrosis and vascular stiffness; the resulting impairment of left ventricular and aortic distensibility (especially when accompanied by impaired glomerular function and sodium retention) causes increases in cardiac filling pressures and exertional dyspnoea despite the relative preservation of left ventricular ejection fraction. Independently of their actions on blood glucose, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exert a broad range of biological effects (including actions to inhibit cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, antagonize sodium retention and improve glomerular function) that can ameliorate the pathophysiological derangements in HFpEF. Such SGLT2 inhibitors exert favourable effects in experimental models of HFpEF and have been found in large-scale trials to reduce the risk for serious heart failure events in patients with type 2 diabetes, many of whom were retrospectively identified as having HFpEF. STUDY DESIGN The EMPEROR-Preserved Trial is enrolling ≈5750 patients with HFpEF (ejection fraction >40%), with and without type 2 diabetes, who are randomized to receive placebo or empagliflozin 10 mg/day, which is added to all appropriate treatments for HFpEF and co-morbidities. STUDY AIMS The primary endpoint is the time-to-first-event analysis of the combined risk for cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure. The trial will also evaluate the effects of empagliflozin on renal function, cardiovascular death, all-cause mortality and recurrent hospitalization events, and will assess a wide range of biomarkers that reflect important pathophysiological mechanisms that may drive the evolution of HFpEF. The EMPEROR-Preserved Trial is well positioned to determine if empagliflozin can have a meaningful impact on the course of HFpEF, a disorder for which there are currently few therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK) and Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Javed Butler
- University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MI, USA
| | - Gerasimos S Filippatos
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece.,School of Medicine, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Afshin Salsali
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Janet Schnee
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Karen Kimura
- Boehringer Ingelheim Canada Ltd, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Cordula Zeller
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Jyothis George
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Inserm INI-CRCT, CHRU, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Imperial College, London, UK
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Packer M, Butler J, Filippatos GS, Jamal W, Salsali A, Schnee J, Kimura K, Zeller C, George J, Brueckmann M, Anker SD, Zannad F. Evaluation of the effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPEROR-Reduced trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:1270-1278. [PMID: 31584231 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs that inhibit the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) have been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalizations for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes. In populations that largely did not have heart failure at the time of enrolment, empagliflozin, canagliflozin and dapagliflozin decreased the risk of serious new-onset heart failure events by ≈30%. In addition, in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, empagliflozin reduced the risk of both pump failure and sudden deaths, the two most common modes of death among patients with heart failure. In none of the three trials could the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure be explained by the actions of these drugs as diuretics or anti-hyperglycaemic agents. These observations raise the possibility that SGLT2 inhibitors could reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with established heart failure, including those without diabetes. The EMPEROR-Reduced trial is enrolling ≈3600 patients with heart failure and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (≤ 40%), half of whom are expected not to have diabetes. Patients are being randomized to placebo or empagliflozin 10 mg daily, which is added to all appropriate treatment with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and neprilysin, beta-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. The primary endpoint is the time-to-first event analysis of the combined risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure, but the trial will also evaluate the effects of empagliflozin on renal function, cardiovascular death, all-cause mortality, and recurrent hospitalization events. By adjusting eligibility based on natriuretic peptide levels to the baseline ejection fraction, the trial will preferentially enrol high-risk patients. A large proportion of the participants is expected to have an ejection fraction < 30%, and the estimated annual event rate is expected to be at least 15%. The EMPEROR-Reduced trial is well-positioned to determine if the addition of empagliflozin can add meaningfully to current approaches that have established benefits in the treatment of chronic heart failure with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Javed Butler
- University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MI, USA
| | - Gerasimos S Filippatos
- Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Afshin Salsali
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Janet Schnee
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Karen Kimura
- Boehringer Ingelheim Canada Ltd., Burlington, Canada
| | - Cordula Zeller
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Jyothis George
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK); and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site, Berlin, Germany, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Inserm INI-CRCT, CHRU, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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Abraham WT, Ponikowski P, Brueckmann M, Zeller C, Macesic H, Peil B, Brun M, Ustyugova A, Jamal W, Salsali A, Lindenfeld J, Anker SD. Rationale and design of the EMPERIAL-Preserved and EMPERIAL-Reduced trials of empagliflozin in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:932-942. [PMID: 31218819 PMCID: PMC6774309 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure (HF) is associated with considerable symptom burden and impairment in physical functioning and quality of life. The sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin reduced the risk of HF hospitalisation and cardiovascular death in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, and could potentially improve congestion symptoms and exercise capacity in patients with HF. We describe the designs of the EMPERIAL-Preserved and EMPERIAL-Reduced trials of empagliflozin in patients with chronic stable HF, with or without type 2 diabetes. METHODS EMPERIAL-Preserved and EMPERIAL-Reduced are randomised, placebo-controlled trials designed to investigate the effects of empagliflozin on exercise capacity and patient-reported outcomes in patients with chronic stable HF with preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) > 40%] and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; LVEF ≤ 40%), respectively. In each trial, approximately 300 patients will be randomised 1:1 to receive empagliflozin 10 mg or placebo once daily for 12 weeks. In both trials, the primary endpoint is the change from baseline in 6-min walk test distance at week 12. Key secondary endpoints are the change from baseline in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score and change from baseline in dyspnoea score of the Chronic Heart Failure Questionnaire at week 12. CONCLUSION The EMPERIAL-Preserved and EMPERIAL-Reduced trials will determine the effects of empagliflozin on exercise capacity and patient-reported outcomes in patients with HFpEF and HFrEF, respectively, and provide insight into the potential of empagliflozin in the treatment of patients with HF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03448406 (EMPERIAL-Preserved), NCT03448419 (EMPERIAL-Reduced).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Cordula Zeller
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Peil
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Michèle Brun
- Boehringer Ingelheim France, Reims Cedex, France
| | | | - Waheed Jamal
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Afshin Salsali
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology (CVK), Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
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Turpie AGG, Haas S, Kreutz R, Mantovani LG, Pattanayak CW, Holberg G, Jamal W, Schmidt A, van Eickels M, Lassen MR. A non-interventional comparison of rivaroxaban with standard of care for thromboprophylaxis after major orthopaedic surgery in 17,701 patients with propensity score adjustment. Thromb Haemost 2013; 111:94-102. [PMID: 24154549 DOI: 10.1160/th13-08-0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rivaroxaban demonstrated superior efficacy and a similar safety profile to enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in the phase III RECORD programme in patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacement surgery. The XAMOS study investigated adverse events, including bleeding and thromboembolic events, in patients receiving rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis in routine clinical practice. XAMOS was a non-interventional, open-label cohort study in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery of the hip or knee (predominantly elective arthroplasty), in which rivaroxaban was compared with other pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. All adverse events were documented, including symptomatic thromboembolic and bleeding events. Crude and adjusted incidences based on propensity score subclasses were calculated and compared between the rivaroxaban and standard-of-care groups. A total of 17,701 patients were enrolled from 252 centres in 37 countries. Crude incidences of symptomatic thromboembolic events three months after surgery in the safety population were 0.89% in the rivaroxaban group (n=8,778) and 1.35% in the standard-of-care group (n=8,635; odds ratio [OR] 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.87), and 0.91% and 1.31% (weighted) in the propensity score-adjusted analysis (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.56-0.85), respectively. Treatment-emergent major bleeding events (as defined in the RECORD studies) occurred in 0.40% and 0.34% of patients in the rivaroxaban and standard-of-care groups in the safety population (OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.73-1.95), and in 0.44% versus 0.33% (weighted) in the propensity score-adjusted analysis (OR 1.35; 95% CI 0.94-1.93), respectively.This study in unselected patients confirmed the favourable benefit-risk profile of rivaroxaban seen in the RECORD programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G G Turpie
- Alexander G. G. Turpie, MD, Department of Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, General Division, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Tel.: +1 905 929 4385, Fax: +1 905 628 9505, E-mail:
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Al Sweih N, Mokaddas E, Jamal W, Phillips OA, Rotimi VO. In VitroActivity of Linezolid and Other Antibiotics Against Gram-Positive Bacteria from the Major Teaching Hospitals in Kuwait. J Chemother 2013; 17:607-13. [PMID: 16433190 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2005.17.6.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria are an increasingly pressing problem in the clinic. Consequently, linezolid, a recently introduced oxazolidinone with Gram-positive activity, was tested in comparison with 10 other antibiotics against 8103 clinically significant Gram-positive cocci by Etest, disk diffusion and Vitek methods. Linezolid demonstrated excellent activities against all isolates. Vancomycin and teicoplanin demonstrated equally excellent activity against almost all isolates. The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were all susceptible to the glycopeptides and linezolid, but resistant to erythromycin (96%), fusidic acid (91.5%), gentamicin (84%) and clindamycin (73%). Forty one and 39% of the Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were resistant to penicillin (MIC >0.5 microg/ml) and erythromycin (MIC >1 microg/ml), respectively. S. agalactiae susceptibility was 9% and 10% resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin, respectively. In conclusion, all the Gram-positive isolates tested were susceptible to linezolid. With its oral bioavailability profiles, it obviously holds great promise. Our data should be a useful addition to the literature from the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Al Sweih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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Zaninovic N, Rosenwaks Z, Iager AE, Kocabas AM, Otu HH, Ruppel P, Langerveld A, Schnarr P, Suarez M, Jarrett JC, Conaghan J, Rosa GJM, Fernandez E, Rawlins RG, Cibelli JB, Crosby J, Kirkegaard K, Hindkjaer J, Ingerslev HJ, Lykke-Hartmann K, Himaya E, Jamal W, Phillips S, Delrieu D, Hamamah S, Kadoch IJ, Cortezzi SS, Cabral EC, Ferreira CR, Trevisan MG, Figueira RCS, Eberlin MN, Iaconelli A, Borges E, Chimote NM, Chimote NN, Nath NM, Chimote MN, Mehta BN. SESSION 02: EMBRYOLOGY - BIOMARKERS. Hum Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/27.s2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Turpie AGG, Schmidt AC, Kreutz R, Lassen MR, Jamal W, Mantovani L, Haas S. Rationale and design of XAMOS: noninterventional study of rivaroxaban for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism after major hip and knee surgery. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2012; 8:363-70. [PMID: 22701330 PMCID: PMC3373318 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s30064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism is a frequent and potentially life-threatening complication of orthopedic surgery. Rivaroxaban is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor, which was shown to be effective for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective hip and knee arthroplasty in the RECORD study program. Rivaroxaban has the potential to overcome the limitations of the current standards of care in the prevention of venous thromboembolism. XAMOS (Xarelto® in the prophylaxis of post-surgical venous thromboembolism after elective major orthopedic surgery of hip or knee) is an international, noninterventional, parallel-group study to gain insight into the safety (major bleeding, side effects) and effectiveness (prevention of symptomatic thromboembolic events) of rivaroxaban in daily clinical practice. XAMOS will follow 15,000 patients after major orthopedic surgery in approximately 200 centers worldwide, with about 7500 patients receiving rivaroxaban and about 7500 standard of care. XAMOS will supplement the clinical data obtained in the Phase III RECORD 1, 2, 3, and 4 trials in which rivaroxaban was shown to be superior for the primary efficacy endpoints, and with a safety profile similar to that of enoxaparin after hip or knee replacement surgery. XAMOS was started in 2009 and will complete recruitment and follow-up in 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G G Turpie
- Department of Medicine, General Division, Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada.
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Jamal W, Rotimi V, Albert MJ, Khodakhast F, Udo E, Poirel L. Emergence of nosocomial New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Kuwait. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 39:183-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kakkar AK, Mueller I, Bassand JP, Fitzmaurice DA, Goldhaber SZ, Goto S, Haas S, Hacke W, Lip GYH, Mantovani LG, Verheugt FWA, Jamal W, Misselwitz F, Rushton-Smith S, Turpie AGG. International longitudinal registry of patients with atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke: Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD (GARFIELD). Am Heart J 2012; 163:13-19.e1. [PMID: 22172431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Patients with AF carry a fivefold increased risk of stroke and the risk of death from AF-related stroke is doubled. Current management is often inadequate, leaving patients at risk for a potentially fatal or disabling event. The purpose of the GARFIELD registry is to evaluate the management and outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular AF at risk for stroke. DESIGN The GARFIELD registry is an observational, multicenter, prospective study of patients with newly diagnosed AF and one or more additional risk factors for stroke. The aim is to enroll 55,000 patients at >1,000 centers in 50 countries. Enrollment will take place in five independent, sequential, prospective cohorts. An additional retrospective validation cohort of 5,000 patients with established AF and at least one additional risk factor for stroke will be conducted in parallel with cohort one. The study started in December 2009, with a planned recruitment period of 4 years and a minimum of 2-year follow-up for each patient. SUMMARY The GARFIELD registry will provide valuable insights into the clinical management and related outcomes of AF patients throughout many regions of the world and across the spectrum of healthcare systems. By capturing data from unselected patients treated in everyday practice, the registry has the potential to identify best practices as well as deficiencies in available treatment options for specific patient populations and to describe how therapeutic strategies, patient care, and outcomes will evolve over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay K Kakkar
- Thrombosis Research Institute, London, United Kingdom.
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Vélez M, Jamal W, Phillips S, Zini A, Kadoch J. Surgically retrieved sperm versus ejaculated sperm in modified natural in vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (MNIVF-ICSI) cycles. Fertil Steril 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Al Sweih N, Salama MF, Jamal W, Al Hashem G, Rotimi VO. An outbreak of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in an intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in Kuwait. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 29:130-5. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.81791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Al Hashem G, Al Sweih N, Jamal W, Rotimi VO. Sequence analysis of bla(CTX-M) genes carried by clinically significant Escherichia coli isolates in Kuwait hospitals. Med Princ Pract 2011; 20:213-9. [PMID: 21454989 DOI: 10.1159/000321242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the extent, distribution and sequence analysis of bla(CTX-M) genes carried by Escherichia coli isolated from patients admitted to all government hospitals in Kuwait. METHODS Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolates were collected from the 8 major hospitals in Kuwait. CTX-M ESBLs were analyzed by PCR and sequenced. Clonality of the positive isolates was determined for genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with XbaI digestion of the genomic DNA. RESULTS Of the 136 ESBL-positive isolates, 106 (77.9%) harbored bla(CTX-M) genes. Among these, bla(CTX-M-15) was the most frequent with a prevalence rate of 84.1%, followed by bla(CTX-M-14) (6.8%), bla(CTX-M-14b) (5.7%) and bla(TOHO-1) (3.4%). Ninety-three (87.7%) were isolated from Kuwaiti (35.9%), Egyptian (31.1%) and Indian (20.8%) nationals; the majority of isolates positive for bla(CTX-M-15) were mainly from these 3 nationalities. PFGE analysis did not demonstrate any clustering of positive isolates in any particular hospital. CONCLUSION This study confirms an explosive emergence of CTX-M-15 β-lactamase among E. coli isolates in Kuwait and shows that the strains were clonally heterogeneous with no evidence of inter- or intra-hospital spread. Thus Kuwait may represent an important source of CTX-M-15-positive E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Al Hashem
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
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Al Sweih N, Al Hashem G, Jamal W, Rotimi V. National surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of CTX-M-positive and -negative clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from Kuwait government hospitals. J Chemother 2010; 22:254-8. [PMID: 20685629 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2010.22.4.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli is becoming a complex therapeutic problem. Surveillance programs are valuable tools and offer important information on bacterial resistance trends. This study was undertaken to determine the susceptibility of clinically significant isolates of E. coli obtained from patients admitted to 8 Kuwait government hospitals and to examine how this was influenced by the production of CTX-M extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). The susceptibility of 876 consecutive clinically significant strains of E. coli to 13 antibiotics was determined by Etest. ESBL production was assessed by ESBL-Etest method and the presence of CTX-M beta-lactamases was confirmed by PCR technique. Of the 876 isolates, 604 (69%) were highly non-susceptible to ampicillin with MIC(90 )of >256 microg/ml. Resistance to the 3(rd)-generation cephalosporins ranged from 7.5% in the Maternity hospital to 29% in the Ibn Sina hospital; ciprofloxacin resistance rates ranged from 14% and 40%, respectively. Carbapenems and amikacin demonstrated excellent activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC(90)) of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime and ciprofloxacin were >256, 64, >256 and >32 microg/ml, respectively for CTX-M-positive isolates versus 0.5, 1, 025 and 0.125 microg/ml for CTX-M-negative strains. Frequencies of CTX-M-positive isolates within the cefotaxime MIC ranges of 1-2, 3-8, 9-16 and >16 microg/ml were 0, 4, 15 and 81%, respectively. In conclusion, the susceptibility of E. coli to the 3(rd )generation cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin was influenced by the presence of CTX-M ESBL and a high proportion of the CTX-M-producing isolates were in the susceptibility ranges of cefotaxime.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Al Sweih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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Jamal W, Shahin M, Rotimi V. P21.02 Detection of ESBL, MBL and AmpC in Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter spp. using Cica Beta tests in a routine diagnostic laboratory. J Hosp Infect 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(10)60208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jamal W, Rotimi VO, Brazier J, Duerden BI. Analysis of prevalence, risk factors and molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in Kuwait over a 3-year period. Anaerobe 2010; 16:560-5. [PMID: 20887795 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the prevalence and epidemiology of CDI in Kuwait government hospitals over a 3-year period, January 2003 to December 2005, to determine the ribotypes responsible for CDI and to estimate the prevalence of ribotype 027. We also conducted a case-control study to identify the risk factors in our patient population. A total of 697 stool samples from patients with suspected CDI were obtained and sent to Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University for Clostridium difficile toxin detection, culture and PCR ribotyping. During the period, 73 (10.5%) out of 697 patients met the case definition of CDI. Of these, 56 (76.7%) were hospital-acquired and 17 (23.3%) were from outpatient clinics. Thus, the prevalence of hospital-acquired CDI amongst patients with diarrhoea was 8% over the study period; the prevalence in 2003, 2004 and 2005 was 9.7%, 7.8% and 7.2%, respectively. Our data showed that 42.9% of the CDI patients were above 60 years, of which >79% were aged 71 years and above. Patients with CDI were more likely than the controls to have been exposed to immunosuppressive drugs and feeding via nasogastric tube. The most common ribotypes isolated during this study were 002, 001, 126 and 140 and they represent 55.1% of all isolates. PCR ribotype 027 was not isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
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Badia A, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Bagan P, Jamal W, Riquet M. [Late-onset postpneumonectomy empyema]. Rev Pneumol Clin 2010; 66:120-126. [PMID: 20413047 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Empyema occurring after pneumonectomy is a major complication usually diagnosed during the same hospitalization. However, late-onset empyemas are not infrequent and may be difficult to diagnose and manage. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1995 to 2008, 15 patients were referred to our department for an empyema that occurred between four months and 16years following a pneumonectomy (mean is equal to four years). We more particularly reviewed the mode of occurrence, the possible causes and the management of those late infections. RESULTS Presentation and characteristics were miscellaneous and delay in diagnosis was generally the rule. Two tendencies were emerging according to the delay of occurrence. During the first year following the pneumonectomy, the patients (n=8) had often received an adjuvant treatment (radiation therapy: n=2; radiation and chemotherapy: n=1; chemotherapy: n=2), often presented a bronchial fistula (n=5), and post-management morbidity (two deaths). After the first year, the patients (n=7) were without bronchial fistula, had rarely received an adjuvant therapy (n=1), and were rather suffering multiple associated diseases (n=3), or a bacteremia (n=3), and the treatments were more rapidly efficient. CONCLUSION Empyema is among the first diagnoses to think about in case of fever occurring late after pneumonectomy. Early diagnosis may permit more rapid management and hence, easier and better recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Badia
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris Descartes, 20, rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris cedex 15, France
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Al Kandari M, Jamal W, Udo EE, El Sayed A, Al Shammri S, Rotimi VO. A case of community-onset meningitis caused by hospital methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus successfully treated with linezolid and rifampicin. Med Princ Pract 2010; 19:235-9. [PMID: 20357511 DOI: 10.1159/000285301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a relatively rare presentation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) meningitis in a previously healthy boy in Kuwait. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION A 14-year-old boy presented with a 2 weeks' history of headache and fever with increasing severity. He developed photophobia and double vision 2 days prior to his hospital visit and received ceftriaxone for 6 days prior to admission to the hospital. There was no history of head trauma or neurosurgical operation. Lumbar puncture revealed a slightly turbid cerebrospinal fluid with pleocytosis and greatly reduced glucose, elevated protein level and on culture grew MRSA. Staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) typing revealed that it belonged to SCCmec type III and sequence type 238 (ST238-SCCmec-III). Polymerase chain reaction screening for the presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes yielded a negative result; all these findings were consistent with hospital-acquired MRSA. He was treated with intravenous linezolid and rifampicin for 2 weeks, made good response and was discharged home fully recovered and well. CONCLUSION Hospital MRSA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the causative agents of community-onset meningitis in healthy patients even without predisposing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al Kandari
- Division of Microbiology, Mubarak Al-Kabir Hospital, and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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Jamal W, Salama M, Dehrab N, Al Hashem G, Shahin M, Rotimi VO. Role of tigecycline in the control of a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in an intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 2009; 72:234-42. [PMID: 19493588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of Acinetobacter baumannii infection has greatly increased over recent decades with infections occurring more in critically ill hospitalised patients. Hospital outbreaks of multiple antibiotic-resistant strains are posing an increasing threat to public health. Three different outbreaks of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MRAB) infections involving 24 patients, aged 16-75 years occurred in the intensive care unit in the course of one year. The isolates were cultured from clinical samples and identified using automated Vitek II ID system and the API 20NE system. Susceptibility testing was done by the E-test method. Molecular typing of the isolates was determined by pulsed-field electrophoresis. Screening of both patients and the environment was carried out. The acquisition time, i.e. the time of admission to time of acquiring infection, ranged from 3 to 31 days. All isolates were multiply resistant (MRAB), including resistance to carbapenems (MRAB-C) in the majority of cases but susceptible to tigecycline, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC(90)) of 2 microg/mL. The overall mortality rate was 16.7%. Time-to-clearance of the MRAB-C was 8.3 days in the first outbreak, when tigecycline was not used, and 2.8 and 3.1 days during the second and third outbreaks, respectively, when tigecycline was used, and all but one patient survived. Environmental screening revealed gross contamination of many surfaces and equipment within the unit. The outbreak strains belonged to two distinct clones (D and E) whereas the 14 environmental strains belonged to three distinct groups (A-C). The outbreak of infections treated with tigecycline was successfully eliminated in conjunction with an aggressive infection control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Mubarak Al Kabir Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Ensor VM, Jamal W, Rotimi VO, Evans JT, Hawkey PM. Predominance of CTX-M-15 extended spectrum beta-lactamases in diverse Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from hospital and community patients in Kuwait. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2008; 33:487-9. [PMID: 19097760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Poirel L, Rotimi V, Bernabeu S, Jamal W, Nordmann P. P1029 Explosive emergence of CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase in Enterobacteriaceae in Kuwait. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Meng QH, Jamal W, Hart SL, McEwan JR. Application to Vascular Adventitia of a Nonviral Vector for TIMP-1 Gene Therapy to Prevent Intimal Hyperplasia. Hum Gene Ther 2006; 17:717-27. [PMID: 16839271 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic gene transfer continues to have potential for the study and therapy of cardiovascular disease. We have developed a modular, self-assembling, nonviral system consisting of Lipofectin, integrin-targeting peptides, and plasmid DNA (LID) and we have applied this to a model of vascular injury, rat carotid angioplasty. Marker gene studies identified transfection of adventitial cells after vector delivery to that layer. Human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (hTIMP-1) was tested as a therapeutic gene product after direct application to the exposed adventitial layer. Vascular LID.hTIMP-1 transfection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and gene expression by immunohistochemistry at 7 days. Neointimal areas were 0.160 +/- 0.078 and 0.225 +/- 0.052 mm(2) for LID.hTIMP-1-transfected (n = 14) and LID.pCI-transfected (n = 12) vessels, respectively, at 14 days, and 0.116 +/- 0.068 mm(2) (n = 14) and 0.194 +/- 0.095 mm(2) (n = 14), respectively, at 28 days, representing a 29 and 40% reduction in neointimal hyperplasia at 14 and 28 days, respectively, after balloon dilatation. Neointima-to-media ratios were similarly reduced. In addition, expansile remodeling after balloon injury was inhibited at 14 days, the area within the external elastic lamina being 0.50 +/- 0.02 and 0.61 +/- 0.02 mm(2) in LID.hTIMP-1- and LID.pCI-transfected arteries, respectively (p < 0.0005). We have demonstrated an effective system of therapeutic gene transfer, particularly targeting the arterial adventitia, where transfer of genes involved in matrix remodeling and cell migration may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hai Meng
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Meng QH, Jamal W, Hart SL, McEwan JR. Application to Vascular Adventitia of a Nonviral Vector for TIMP-1 Gene Therapy to Prevent Intimal Hyperplasia. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Pai M, Jamal W, Mosse A, Bishop C, Bown S, McEwan J. Inhibition of in-stent restenosis in rabbit iliac arteries with photodynamic therapy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005; 30:573-81. [PMID: 16125418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2005.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Photodynamic therapy (PDT, the combination of light with a photosensitising drug in the presence of oxygen) inhibits restenosis after angioplasty without stenting. This study assesses the potential of PDT for prevention of in-stent re-stenosis. DESIGN AND METHODS Normal rabbits were given the photosensitising agent 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) 60 mg/kg, 3 h prior to endovascular illumination of the iliac artery (635 nm at 50 J/cm(2)) either immediately before or after deployment of an oversized (3 mm diameter) stent. PDT treated arteries were retrieved 3 or 28 days later and assessed for cell counts and vascular morphometry. Control arteries (stent but no PDT) were examined at 28 days. RESULTS There were no adverse events and all vessels were patent at the end of the study. At 3 days there was almost complete medial cell ablation when light was delivered before stent deployment (17+/-1 cells/hpf), with little effect when illumination followed stent deployment (184+/-17 cells/hpf, p<0.0001). Twenty-eight days after PDT, the neointimal areas were 1.41+/-0.52 mm(2) (stent with no PDT), 1.24+/-0.54 mm(2) (light after stent) and 0.60+/-0.21 mm(2) (light before stent) (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS PDT before stent deployment caused almost complete medial cell ablation at 3 days with inhibition of in-stent restenosis at 28 days. PDT is worthy of further study as an adjuvant to percutaneous intervention in patients with vascular disease.
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MESH Headings
- Aminolevulinic Acid/administration & dosage
- Aminolevulinic Acid/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Arterial Occlusive Diseases/surgery
- Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/instrumentation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/drug therapy
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/pathology
- Iliac Artery
- Injections, Intra-Arterial
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Photochemotherapy/methods
- Photosensitizing Agents/administration & dosage
- Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use
- Prosthesis Failure
- Rabbits
- Stents
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pai
- The Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, UK
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Abstract
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare, aggressive, malignant neoplasm, which arises from extraskeletal sites in 30-40 per cent of cases. It is extremely rare in children. We present a novel case of childhood mesenchymal chondsarcoma arising from the vagus nerve in the neck, resulting in paralysis of the right vocal fold. The clinicopathologic features and management of this case are described along with a brief discussion on the aetiology of vocal fold paralysis in this age group. Current literature on extraskeletal presentation of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Jamal
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Pathology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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