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Renawala HK, Chandrababu KB, Smith KJ, D'Addio SM, Topp EM. A Model Study to Assess Fibrillation and Product Stability to Support Peptide Drug Design. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2223-2237. [PMID: 38552144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The fibrillation of therapeutic peptides can present significant quality concerns and poses challenges for manufacturing and storage. A fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of fibrillation is critical for the rational design of fibrillation-resistant peptide drugs and can accelerate product development by guiding the selection of solution-stable candidates and formulations. The studies reported here investigated the effects of structural modifications on the fibrillation of a 29-residue peptide (PepA) and two sequence modified variants (PepB, PepC). The C-terminus of PepA was amidated, whereas both PepB and PepC retained the carboxylate, and Ser16 in PepA and PepB was substituted with a helix-stabilizing residue, α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), in PepC. In thermal denaturation studies by far-UV CD spectroscopy and fibrillation kinetic studies by fluorescence and turbidity measurements, PepA and PepB showed heat-induced conformational changes and were found to form fibrils, whereas PepC did not fibrillate and showed only minor changes in the CD signal. Pulsed hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) showed a high degree of protection from HD exchange in mature PepA fibrils and its proteolytic fragments, indicating that most of the sequence had been incorporated into the fibril structure and occurred nearly simultaneously throughout the sequence. The effects of the net peptide charge and formulation pH on fibrillation kinetics were investigated. In real-time stability studies of two formulations of PepA at pH's 7.4 and 8.0, analytical methods detected significant changes in the stability of the formulations at different time points during the study, which were not observed during accelerated studies. Additionally, PepA samples were withdrawn from real-time stability and subjected to additional stress (40 °C, continuous shaking) to induce fibrillation; an approach that successfully amplified oligomers or prefibrillar species previously undetected in a thioflavin T assay. Taken together, these studies present an approach to differentiate and characterize fibrillation risk in structurally related peptides under accelerated and real-time conditions, providing a model for rapid, iterative structural design to optimize the stability of therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshil K Renawala
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Karthik B Chandrababu
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Katelyn J Smith
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Suzanne M D'Addio
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Topp
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Belfield, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
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2
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Breunig SL, Chapman AM, LeBon J, Quijano JC, Ranasinghe M, Rawson J, Demeler B, Ku HT, Tirrell DA. 4S-fluorination of ProB29 in insulin lispro slows fibril formation. J Biol Chem 2024:107332. [PMID: 38703998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant insulin is a life-saving therapeutic for millions of patients affected by diabetes mellitus. Standard mutagenesis has led to insulin variants with improved control of blood glucose; for instance, the fast-acting insulin lispro contains two point mutations that suppress dimer formation and expedite absorption. However, insulins undergo irreversible denaturation, a process accelerated for the insulin monomer. Here we replace ProB29 of insulin lispro with 4R-fluoroproline, 4S-fluoroproline, and 4,4-difluoroproline. All three fluorinated lispro variants reduce blood glucose in diabetic mice, exhibit similar secondary structure as measured by circular dichroism, and rapidly dissociate from the zinc- and resorcinol-bound hexamer upon dilution. Notably, however, we find that 4S-fluorination of ProB29 delays the formation of undesired insulin fibrils that can accumulate at the injection site in vivo, and can complicate insulin production and storage. These results demonstrate how subtle molecular changes achieved through non-canonical amino acid mutagenesis can improve the stability of protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Breunig
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alex M Chapman
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jeanne LeBon
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Janine C Quijano
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Maduni Ranasinghe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Rawson
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Science, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - David A Tirrell
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.
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Singh SL, Bhat R. Cyclic-NDGA Effectively Inhibits Human γ-Synuclein Fibrillation, Forms Nontoxic Off-Pathway Species, and Disintegrates Preformed Mature Fibrils. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1770-1786. [PMID: 38637513 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease arises from protein misfolding, aggregation, and fibrillation and is characterized by LB (Lewy body) deposits, which contain the protein α-synuclein (α-syn) as their major component. Another synuclein, γ-synuclein (γ-syn), coexists with α-syn in Lewy bodies and is also implicated in various types of cancers, especially breast cancer. It is known to seed α-syn fibrillation after its oxidation at methionine residue, thereby contributing in synucleinopathy. Despite its involvement in synucleinopathy, the search for small molecule inhibitors and modulators of γ-syn fibrillation remains largely unexplored. This work reveals the modulatory properties of cyclic-nordihydroguaiaretic acid (cNDGA), a natural polyphenol, on the structural and aggregational properties of human γ-syn employing various biophysical and structural tools, namely, thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence, Rayleigh light scattering, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid binding, far-UV circular dichroism (CD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, ITC, molecular docking, and MTT-toxicity assay. cNDGA was observed to modulate the fibrillation of γ-syn to form off-pathway amorphous species that are nontoxic in nature at as low as 75 μM concentration. The modulation is dependent on oxidizing conditions, with cNDGA weakly interacting (Kd ∼10-5 M) with the residues at the N-terminal of γ-syn protein as investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking, respectively. Increasing cNDGA concentration results in an increased recovery of monomeric γ-syn as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate and native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The retention of native structural properties of γ-syn in the presence of cNDGA was further confirmed by far-UV CD and FTIR. In addition, cNDGA is most effective in suppression of fibrillation when added at the beginning of the fibrillation kinetics and is also capable of disintegrating the preformed mature fibrils. These findings could, therefore, pave the ways for further exploring cNDGA as a potential therapeutic against γ-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Lata Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rajiv Bhat
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Ibrahim R, Singh VJ, Tan MC, Singh SJ, Shahid M, Elchouemi M, Gianni C, Lee JZ, Al‐Ahmad A. Trends in comorbid chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation-related cardiovascular mortality in the United States. J Arrhythm 2024; 40:382-384. [PMID: 38586852 PMCID: PMC10995603 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on atrial fibrillation outcomes (AF) is not well understood. Methods We conducted analyses of comorbid AF and CKD related death in the United States from 1999 to 2020 using descriptive epidemiology. Results Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 increased from 0.39 in 1999 to 1.65 in 2020. Non-Hispanic populations (1.01) and nonmetropolitan areas (1.08) had higher AAMRs compared to Hispanic (0.62) and metropolitan (0.97) areas. Midwestern (1.11) and Western (1.13) US regions recorded the highest AAMRs. Conclusions These findings highlight the need for interventions to address AF death disparities in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Ibrahim
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Arizona—Banner University Medical CenterTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Vikram J. Singh
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Arizona—Banner University Medical CenterTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Min Choon Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineMayo ClinicPhoenixArizonaUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineNew York Medical College at Saint Michael's Medical CenterNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Simar J. Singh
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Arizona—Banner University Medical CenterTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Mahek Shahid
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Arizona—Banner University Medical CenterTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Mohanad Elchouemi
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical CenterAustinTexasUSA
| | - Carola Gianni
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical CenterAustinTexasUSA
| | - Justin Z. Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Amin Al‐Ahmad
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical CenterAustinTexasUSA
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Huo Y, Zhao C, Wang Y, Wang S, Mu T, Du W. Roles of Apigenin and Nepetin in the Assembly Behavior and Cytotoxicity of Prion Neuropeptide PrP106-126. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:245-257. [PMID: 38133816 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of potential inhibitors to prevent prion protein (PrP) fibrillation is a therapeutic strategy for prion diseases. The prion neuropeptide PrP106-126, a research model of abnormal PrP (PrPSc), presents similar physicochemical and biochemical characters to PrPSc, which is also a target of potential inhibitors against prion deposition. Many flavones have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, and they are applied in treating prion disorder and other amyloidosis as well. However, the inhibition mechanism of flavones on PrP106-126 fibrillation is still unclear. In the current work, apigenin and nepetin were used to suppress the aggregation of PrP106-126 and to alleviate the peptide-induced cytotoxicity. The results showed that apigenin and nepetin impeded the fibril formation of PrP106-126 and depolymerized the preformed fibrils. They were bound to PrP106-126 predominantly by hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. In addition, both flavones upregulated cell viability and decreased membrane leakage through reducing peptide oligomerization. The differences in inhibition and cell protection between the two small molecules were presumably attributed to the substitution of hydroxyl and methoxy groups in nepetin, which demonstrated the significant structure-function relationship of flavones with prion neuropeptide and the prospect of flavonoids as drug candidates against prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huo
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Tiancheng Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Weihong Du
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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Du X, Chen Z, Zhao R, Hu B. Salt-Promoted Fibrillation of Legume Proteins Enhanced Interfacial Modulus for Stabilization of HIPEs Encapsulating Carotenoids with Improved Nutritional Performance. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:690-703. [PMID: 38117687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The thermal acidic-treatment-induced fibrillation of legume proteins isolated from cowpea and mung bean was demonstrated to be promoted by salt. Worm-like thin prefibrilar intermediates were formed in low salt concentrations (0-75 mM), which twisted to be the thick and mature amyloid-like fibrils with multistrands as the salt content was elevated (150-300 mM). Absorption of the fibrils fabricated in high salt concentrations to the oil/water interface constructed the protein layer with a significantly higher interfacial modulus compared with the one formed by the fibrils fabricated in low salt concentrations. Consequently, they showed the superiority in stabilizing high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) with oil volume fraction ratios higher than 74%. HIPEs stabilized by the high salt-concentration-induced legume protein fibrils had stronger capabilities not only in encapsulating liposoluble carotenoids but also in protecting their stability against heating, ultraviolet, and iron ion stimulus, compared with the one stabilized by the low-salt-concentration-induced legume protein fibrils. Bioaccessibilities of the carotenoids in simulating gastrointestinal (GI) digestion were significantly improved after encapsulation by the HIPEs, which were interestingly increased with the elevation of salt concentrations utilized for preparing the legume protein fibrils. Furthermore, the carotenoids-loading-HIPEs were injectable and showed in vivo nutritional functions of mitigating colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Du
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Zhengzhi Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Ran Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
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7
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Gardon L, Becker N, Rähse N, Hölbling C, Apostolidis A, Schulz CM, Bochinsky K, Gremer L, Heise H, Lakomek NA. Amyloid fibril formation kinetics of low-pH denatured bovine PI3K-SH3 monitored by three different NMR techniques. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1254721. [PMID: 38046811 PMCID: PMC10691488 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1254721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Misfolding of amyloidogenic proteins is a molecular hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases in humans. A detailed understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is mandatory for developing innovative therapeutic approaches. The bovine PI3K-SH3 domain has been a model system for aggregation and fibril formation. Methods: We monitored the fibril formation kinetics of low pH-denatured recombinantly expressed [U-13C, 15N] labeled bovine PI3K-SH3 by a combination of solution NMR, high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR and solid-state NMR spectra. Solution NMR offers the highest sensitivity and, therefore, allows for the recording of two-dimensional NMR spectra with residue-specific resolution for individual time points of the time series. However, it can only follow the decay of the aggregating monomeric species. In solution NMR, aggregation occurs under quiescent experimental conditions. Solid-state NMR has lower sensitivity and allows only for the recording of one-dimensional spectra during the time series. Conversely, solid-state NMR is the only technique to detect disappearing monomers and aggregated species in the same sample by alternatingly recoding scalar coupling and dipolar coupling (CP)-based spectra. HR-MAS NMR is used here as a hybrid method bridging solution and solid-state NMR. In solid-state NMR and HR-MAS NMR the sample is agitated due to magic angle spinning. Results: Good agreement of the decay rate constants of monomeric SH3, measured by the three different NMR methods, is observed. Moderate MAS up to 8 kHz seems to influence the aggregation kinetics of seeded fibril formation only slightly. Therefore, under sufficient seeding (1% seeds used here), quiescent conditions (solution NMR), and agitated conditions deliver similar results, arguing against primary nucleation induced by MAS as a major contributor. Using solid-state NMR, we find that the amount of disappeared monomer corresponds approximately to the amount of aggregated species under the applied experimental conditions (250 µM PI3K-SH3, pH 2.5, 298 K, 1% seeds) and within the experimental error range. Data can be fitted by simple mono-exponential conversion kinetics, with lifetimes τ in the 14-38 h range. Atomic force microscopy confirms that fibrils substantially grew in length during the aggregation experiment. This argues for fibril elongation as the dominant growth mechanism in fibril mass (followed by the CP-based solid-state NMR signal). Conclusion: We suggest a combined approach employing both solution NMR and solid-state NMR, back-to-back, on two aliquots of the same sample under seeding conditions as an additional approach to follow monomer depletion and growth of fibril mass simultaneously. Atomic force microscopy images confirm fibril elongation as a major contributor to the increase in fibril mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gardon
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Becker
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nick Rähse
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Hölbling
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Athina Apostolidis
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Celina M. Schulz
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kevin Bochinsky
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lothar Gremer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Henrike Heise
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nils-Alexander Lakomek
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Benjanuwattra J, Kewcharoen J, Phinyo P, Swusdinaruenart S, Abdelnabi M, Del Rio-Pertuz G, Leelaviwat N, Navaravong L. High-risk phenotypes of arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Cardiol 2023; 78:1012-1019. [PMID: 37358248 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2023.2227487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is associated with aggravated risk of ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). There is a lack of specific guideline recommendation regarding risk stratification and management, despite multiple proposed high-risk phenotypes. We performed systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate high-risk phenotypes for malignant arrhythmias in patients with MVP. METHODS We comprehensively searched the databases of MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and EMBASE from inception to April 2023. Included studies were cohort and case-control comparing between MVP patients with and without VT, VF, cardiac arrest, ICD placement, or SCD. Data from each study were combined using the random-effects. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. RESULTS Nine studies from 1985 to 2023 were included involving 2,279 patients with MVP. We found that T-wave inversion (OR 2.52; 95% CI: 1.90-3.33; p < 0.001), bileaflet involvement (OR 2.28; 95% CI: 1.69-3.09; p < 0.001), late gadolinium enhancement (OR 17.05; 95% CI: 3.41-85.22; p < 0.001), mitral annular disjunction (OR 3.71; 95% CI: 1.63-8.41; p < 0.002), and history of syncope (OR 6.96; 95% CI: 1.05-46.01; p = 0.044), but not female (OR 0.96; 95% CI: 0.46-2.01; p = 0.911), redundant leaflets (OR 4.30; 95% CI: 0.81-22.84; p = 0.087), or moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation (OR 1.24; 95% CI: 0.65-2.37; p = 0.505), were associated with those events. CONCLUSION Bileaflet prolapse, T-wave inversion, mitral annular disjunction, late gadolinium enhancement, and history of syncope are high-risk phenotypes among population with MVP. Further research is needed to validate the risk stratification model and justify the role of primary prophylaxis against malignant arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthipong Benjanuwattra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jakrin Kewcharoen
- Division of Cardiology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Phichayut Phinyo
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | | | - Mahmoud Abdelnabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Gaspar Del Rio-Pertuz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Natnicha Leelaviwat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Leenhapong Navaravong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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9
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Chang C, Li X, Li J, Su Y, Gu L, Xiong W, Yang Y. Fabrication mechanism and functional properties of ovalbumin fibrils prepared by acidic heat treatment. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:7127-7135. [PMID: 37380626 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovalbumin (OVA), accounting for 50% of proteins in egg white, is a kind of high-quality protein with excellent nutritional and processing functions. Acid heat treatment will induce the deformation and filtration of OVA, endowing it with improved functionality. However, the molecular kinetic process during the fibrillation of OVA and the application of the fabricated OVA fibrils (OVAFs) have not been thoroughly studied and revealed. RESULTS In this study, the fabrication mechanism and the application OVAFs as an interfacial stabilizer and polyphenol protector were investigated. Acidic (pH 3.0) heat treatment was used to induce the fibrillation of OVA, and thioflavin T fluorescence intensity, molecular weight distribution, and the tertiary and secondary structures of OVAF samples were recorded to determine the fibrillation efficiency and the molecular mechanism. The results showed that, in the initial stage of fibrillation, OVA first hydrolyzed to oligopeptides, accompanied by the exposure of hydrophobic domains. Then, oligopeptides were connected by disulfide bonds to form primary fibril monomers. Hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding may participate in the further polymerization of the fibrils. The fabricated OVAFs were characterized by a β-sheet-rich structure and possessed improved emulsifying, foaming, and polyphenol protection ability. CONCLUSION The research work was meaningful for exploring the application of globular water-soluble OVA in an emerging nutritious food with novel texture and sensory properties. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Chang
- Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yanti University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Li
- Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Su
- Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Luping Gu
- Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xiong
- Hunan Jiapin Jiawei Technology Development Group Co. LTD, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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10
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Shi X, Sau A, Li X, Patel K, Bajaj N, Varela M, Wu H, Handa B, Arnold A, Shun-Shin M, Keene D, Howard J, Whinnett Z, Peters N, Christensen K, Jensen HJ, Ng FS. Information theory-based direct causality measure to assess cardiac fibrillation dynamics. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230443. [PMID: 37817583 PMCID: PMC10565370 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism sustaining cardiac fibrillation can facilitate the personalization of treatment. Granger causality analysis can be used to determine the existence of a hierarchical fibrillation mechanism that is more amenable to ablation treatment in cardiac time-series data. Conventional Granger causality based on linear predictability may fail if the assumption is not met or given sparsely sampled, high-dimensional data. More recently developed information theory-based causality measures could potentially provide a more accurate estimate of the nonlinear coupling. However, despite their successful application to linear and nonlinear physical systems, their use is not known in the clinical field. Partial mutual information from mixed embedding (PMIME) was implemented to identify the direct coupling of cardiac electrophysiology signals. We show that PMIME requires less data and is more robust to extrinsic confounding factors. The algorithms were then extended for efficient characterization of fibrillation organization and hierarchy using clinical high-dimensional data. We show that PMIME network measures correlate well with the spatio-temporal organization of fibrillation and demonstrated that hierarchical type of fibrillation and drivers could be identified in a subset of ventricular fibrillation patients, such that regions of high hierarchy are associated with high dominant frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xili Shi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Arunashis Sau
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Xinyang Li
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kiran Patel
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nikesh Bajaj
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marta Varela
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Huiyi Wu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Balvinder Handa
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ahran Arnold
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew Shun-Shin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel Keene
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - James Howard
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Zachary Whinnett
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Peters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kim Christensen
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Complexity Science, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Complexity Science, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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11
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Simões BD, Marques EAS, Carbas RJC, Maul S, Stihler P, Weißgraeber P, da Silva LFM. Rheological and Mechanical Properties of an Acrylic PSA. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3843. [PMID: 37765696 PMCID: PMC10537401 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The adhesion of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) is a complex phenomenon that can be understood through the characterization of different properties, including viscoelastic, mechanical, and fracture properties. The aim of the present paper is to determine the viscoelastic behaviour of an acrylic PSA and place it in the viscoelastic window, as well as to determine the tensile strength of the material. Additionally, different numbers of stacked adhesive layers and two crosshead speeds were applied to characterize the tensile strength of the adhesive in the different conditions. Adding a new interface between layers showed a negative influence in the tensile strength, while a higher crosshead speed implied a considerable increase in the same value. Finally, double cantilever beam (DCB) fracture tests were performed, and the J-integral approach was used to evaluate the fracture energy throughout the tests. The substrate roughness, the number of stacked layers, and the thickness of the PSA proved to decrease the performance of the PSA in fracture tests. While tensile bulk tests in viscoelastic materials are not easily found in the literature, as well as DCB tests, for fracture characterization, the obtained results allowed for the characterization of those properties in an acrylic PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz D. Simões
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo A. S. Marques
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J. C. Carbas
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Steven Maul
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Research and Advance Engineering, 71272 Renningen, Germany (P.S.)
| | - P. Stihler
- Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Research and Advance Engineering, 71272 Renningen, Germany (P.S.)
| | - Philipp Weißgraeber
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Lucas F. M. da Silva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Cohen PR. A Stroke of Bad Luck: An Autobiographical Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e44788. [PMID: 37809237 PMCID: PMC10558244 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Strokes are a common cause of death. Cardiovascular disease, including atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, is a frequent cause of ischemic strokes. A 64-year-old man developed isolated dysarthria without any other neurologic manifestations as the presentation of an ischemic stroke resulting from occlusion to the middle cerebral artery and affecting the cortex supplied by the artery. He was discovered to be in atrial flutter which was determined to be the likely etiology of his stroke. He was hospitalized and anticoagulated with heparin; as an outpatient, his anticoagulation was maintained with the direct oral anticoagulant apixaban. Amiodarone was required to medically convert him to normal sinus rhythm; he has typical atrial flutter and is going to be evaluated for atrial flutter ablation. His dysarthria began to improve within 24 hours after he experienced the stroke; after five weeks of speech therapy his ability to talk continues to progressively improve and the residual deficits in his speech continue to resolve. Anticoagulation is required for stroke prevention in individuals with atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, is usually used for individuals with valvular atrial fibrillation. Direct oral anticoagulants have fewer bleeding complications and are usually recommended for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation; they include the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran or a factor ten a (Xa) inhibitor such as either apixaban, edoxaban, or rivaroxaban. Dysarthria is a common manifestation in stroke patients. Albeit, it is less common, isolated dysarthria without any other neurologic sequellae may be associated with stroke. Interventions encouraged by speech pathologists to enhance the resolution of post-stroke dysarthria include speaking louder to amplify the voice and exaggerating the movements of the mouth when speaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Cohen
- Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, USA
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13
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Dilshad S, Shabnam, Ali A, Firdaus S, Ahmad M, Ahmad A. Suppression of human lysozyme aggregation by a novel copper-based complex of 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37578054 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2246567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new Cu(II)-based complex as a chemotherapeutic drug agent, formulated as[Cu(DCA)4(H2O)2]⋅4H2O⋅4MeOH, (DCA = 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid), namely 1 was successfully synthesized utilizing DCA as a ligand to arrest fibrillation in Human lysozyme. The 1 was thoroughly characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), spectroscopic (UV-Vis and FTIR) techniques, PXRD, and TGA analysis. Its crystal structure reveals a paddle wheel network around central copper metal ions. The Cu(II) metal ions exhibit a distorted square pyramidal configuration. The fluorescence titration studies showed moderate binding interaction of 1 with HuL with Ka of 6.3x105 M-1 at pH-2, 25 °C due to its interaction withAsp53, Tyr63, Val110, and Ala111 as shown by docking and simulation studies. 1suppresses the HuL fibrillation in a concentration-dependent manner, as demonstrated by ThT assay. At 200 µM concentration, it leads to the formation of smaller species of the protein in comparison to the control sample, as suggested by Light Scattering studies. The species formed are less hydrophobic and retain their native α-helix structure compared to the control samples, which are hydrophobic and form β-sheet rich amyloids as shown by ANS hydrophobicity assay and CD spectroscopy, respectively. Furthermore, morphological analysis of the species by AFM has demonstrated that, unlike mature amyloid fibrils in the control sample, HuL forms small-size aggregates in the presence of 1 under similar fibrillation conditions. It can be concluded that 1 effectively suppresses HuL fibrillation due to moderate binding to the protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumra Dilshad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shabnam
- Biophysical Chemistry Lab, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Arif Ali
- Department of Applied Chemistry, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shama Firdaus
- Department of Applied Chemistry, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Musheer Ahmad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Aiman Ahmad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, ZHCET, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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14
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Ibrahim R, Ravi S, Habib A, Lee JZ. Utility of the social vulnerability index to risk stratify atrial fibrillation mortality outcomes. J Arrhythm 2023; 39:669-671. [PMID: 37560284 PMCID: PMC10407162 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple methods of quantifying social determinants of health exist, such as the social vulnerability index (SVI). We assess the impact of the SVI on atrial fibrillation (AF)-related cardiovascular disease mortality. METHODS CDC databases were used to obtain mortality and SVI information. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were compared among all US counties, aggregated by SVI quartiles. RESULTS AAMR was not increased in counties within the highest SVI quartile, consistent across gender and geographic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Increased SVI is a poor marker to predict mortality outcomes associated with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Ibrahim
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Arizona – Banner University Medical CenterTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Soumiya Ravi
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Arizona – Banner University Medical CenterTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Adam Habib
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Arizona – Banner University Medical CenterTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Justin Z. Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineCleveland Clinic, ClevelandClevelandOhioUSA
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15
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Rayan B, Barnea E, Khokhlov A, Upcher A, Landau M. Differential fibril morphologies and thermostability determine functional roles of Staphylococcus aureus PSMα1 and PSMα3. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1184785. [PMID: 37469708 PMCID: PMC10353841 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1184785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are virulent peptides secreted by staphylococci that undergo self-assembly into amyloid fibrils. This study focuses on Staphylococcus aureus PSMα1 and PSMα3, which share homologous sequences but exhibit distinct amyloid fibril structures. Upon subjecting PSMα1 to an 80°C heat shock, it fibrillates into cross-β structures, resulting in the loss of cytotoxic activity. Conversely, PSMα3 cross-α fibrils undergo reversible disaggregation upon heat shock, leading to the recovery of cytotoxicity. The differential thermostability probably arises from the presence of hydrogen bonds along the β-strands within the β-sheets of the cross-β fibrils. We propose that the breakdown of PSMα3 fibrils into soluble species, potentially co-aggregating with membrane lipids, is crucial for its toxic process and enables the reversible modulation of its biological activity under stress conditions. In contrast, the formation of robust and irreversible cross-β fibrils by PSMα1 corresponds to its role in biofilm stability. These findings emphasize how the unique fibril morphologies and thermostability of PSMα1 and PSMα3 shape their functional roles in various environments of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader Rayan
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eilon Barnea
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alexander Khokhlov
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alexander Upcher
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Meytal Landau
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Center for Experimental Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Martinez Morales M, van der Walle CF, Derrick JP. Modulation of the Fibrillation Kinetics and Morphology of a Therapeutic Peptide by Cucurbit[7]uril. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37327060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillation is a challenge commonly encountered in the formulation and development of therapeutic peptides. Cucurbit[7]urils (CB[7]), a group of water soluble macrocycles, have been reported to suppress fibrillation in insulin and human calcitonin through association with Phe and Tyr residues which drive fibril formation. Here, we report the effect of CB[7] on the fibrillation behavior of the HIV fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide (ENF) that contains N-terminal Tyr and C-terminal Phe residues. Thioflavin T fluorescence, CD spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to monitor fibrillation behavior. Fibrillation onset showed a strong pH dependency, with pH 6.5 identified as the condition most suitable to monitor the effects of CB[7]. Binding of CB[7] to wild-type ENF was measured by isothermal titration calorimetry and was consistent with a single site (Ka = 2.4 × 105 M-1). A weaker interaction (Ka = 2.8 × 103 M-1) was observed for an ENF mutant with the C-terminal Phe substituted for Ala (ENFm), suggesting that Phe was the specific site for CB[7] recognition. The onset of ENF fibrillation onset was delayed, rather than fully suppressed, in the presence of CB[7]. The ENFm mutant showed a greater delay in fibrillation onset but with no observable effect on fibrillation kinetics in the presence of CB[7]. Interestingly, ENF/CB[7] and ENFm fibrils exhibited comparable morphologies, differing from those observed for ENF alone. The results indicate that CB[7] is capable of modulating fibrillation onset and the resulting ENF fibrils by specifically binding to the C-terminal Phe residue. The work reinforces the potential of CB[7] as an inhibitor of fibrillation and highlights its role in determining fibril morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Martinez Morales
- Dosage Form Design & Development, AstraZeneca, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, U.K
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | - Jeremy P Derrick
- School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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17
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Verma G, Bhat R. The Anthocyanidin Peonidin Interferes with an Early Step in the Fibrillation Pathway of α-Synuclein and Modulates It toward Amorphous Aggregates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37011370 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the brain, accompanied by the accumulation of proteinaceous inclusions, Lewy bodies (LB), mainly comprised of alpha synuclein (α-syn) aggregates. The heterogeneity and the transient nature of the intermediate species formed in the α-syn fibrillation pathway have made it difficult to develop an effective therapeutic intervention. Therefore, any therapeutic molecule that could prevent as well as treat PD would be of great interest. Anthocyanidins are natural flavonoid compounds that have been shown to have neuroprotective properties and to modulate factors that cause neuronal death. Herein, we have explored the modulation and inhibition of α-syn fibrillation by the anthocyanidins cyanidin, delphinidin, and peonidin using a number of biophysical and structural tools. α-Syn fibrillation monitored using thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence and light scattering suggested concentration dependent inhibition of α-syn fibrillation by all the three anthocyanidins. While cyanidin and delphinidin induced the formation of oligomers and small fibrillar structures of α-syn, respectively, peonidin led to the formation of amorphous aggregates, as observed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Peonidin proved to be most effective of the three anthocyanidins toward alleviating cell toxicity of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells at concentrations where α-synuclein fibrillation was completely suppressed. Hence, the inhibition mechanism of peonidin was further explored by studying its interaction with α-syn using titration calorimetry and molecular docking. The results show its weak binding (in mM range) to the NAC region of α-syn through hydrogen bonding interactions. Also, circular dichroism and Raman spectroscopy revealed the structural aspects of peonidin-induced α-syn amorphous aggregates showing alpha helical structures with exposed Phe and Tyr regions. Due to the neuroprotective nature of peonidin, the findings reported here are significant and can be further explored toward developing a modifying therapy that could address both disease onset as well as the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Verma
- School of Biotechnology Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rajiv Bhat
- School of Biotechnology Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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18
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Garber L, Barbhaiya C. High Power Short Duration: Is There a Chink in the Armor? JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023:S2405-500X(23)00110-X. [PMID: 37115118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Garber
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chirag Barbhaiya
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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19
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Zangiabadi M, Ghosh A, Zhao Y. Nanoparticle Scanners for the Identification of Key Sequences Involved in the Assembly and Disassembly of β-Amyloid Peptides. ACS Nano 2023; 17:4764-4774. [PMID: 36857741 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ), implied in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease, is driven by a complex set of intramolecular and intermolecular interactions involving both hydrophobic and polar residues. The key residues responsible for the forward assembling process may be different from those that should be targeted to disassemble already formed aggregates. Molecularly imprinted nanoparticle (MINP) receptors are reported in this work to strongly and selectively bind specific segments of Aβ40. Combined fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy indicate that binding residues 21-30 near the loop region is most effective at inhibiting the aggregation of monomeric Aβ40, but residues 11-20 that include the internal β strand closer to the N-terminal represent the best target for disaggregating already formed aggregates in the polymerization phase. Once the aggregation proceeds to the saturation phase, binding residues 1-10 has the largest effect on the disaggregation, likely because of the accessibility of these amino acids relative to others to the MINP receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Zangiabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Avijit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
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20
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Ramlugun GS, Kulkarni K, Pallares-Lupon N, Boukens BJ, Efimov IR, Vigmond EJ, Bernus O, Walton RD. A comprehensive framework for evaluation of high pacing frequency and arrhythmic optical mapping signals. Front Physiol 2023; 14:734356. [PMID: 36755791 PMCID: PMC9901579 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.734356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High pacing frequency or irregular activity due to arrhythmia produces complex optical mapping signals and challenges for processing. The objective is to establish an automated activation time-based analytical framework applicable to optical mapping images of complex electrical behavior. Methods: Optical mapping signals with varying complexity from sheep (N = 7) ventricular preparations were examined. Windows of activation centered on each action potential upstroke were derived using Hilbert transform phase. Upstroke morphology was evaluated for potential multiple activation components and peaks of upstroke signal derivatives defined activation time. Spatially and temporally clustered activation time points were grouped in to wave fronts for individual processing. Each activation time point was evaluated for corresponding repolarization times. Each wave front was subsequently classified based on repetitive or non-repetitive events. Wave fronts were evaluated for activation time minima defining sites of wave front origin. A visualization tool was further developed to probe dynamically the ensemble activation sequence. Results: Our framework facilitated activation time mapping during complex dynamic events including transitions to rotor-like reentry and ventricular fibrillation. We showed that using fixed AT windows to extract AT maps can impair interpretation of the activation sequence. However, the phase windowing of action potential upstrokes enabled accurate recapitulation of repetitive behavior, providing spatially coherent activation patterns. We further demonstrate that grouping the spatio-temporal distribution of AT points in to coherent wave fronts, facilitated interpretation of isolated conduction events, such as conduction slowing, and to derive dynamic changes in repolarization properties. Focal origins precisely detected sites of stimulation origin and breakthrough for individual wave fronts. Furthermore, a visualization tool to dynamically probe activation time windows during reentry revealed a critical single static line of conduction slowing associated with the rotation core. Conclusion: This comprehensive analytical framework enables detailed quantitative assessment and visualization of complex electrical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish S. Ramlugun
- IHU-Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kanchan Kulkarni
- IHU-Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nestor Pallares-Lupon
- IHU-Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bastiaan J. Boukens
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Igor R. Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Edward J. Vigmond
- IHU-Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France,Univ. Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux, UMR5251, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Bernus
- IHU-Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Richard D. Walton
- IHU-Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique, Bordeaux, France,*Correspondence: Richard D. Walton,
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21
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Rosetti B, Marchesan S. Peptide Inhibitors of Insulin Fibrillation: Current and Future Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36674821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloidoses include a large variety of local and systemic diseases that share the common feature of protein unfolding or refolding into amyloid fibrils. The most studied amyloids are those directly involved in neurodegenerative diseases, while others, such as those formed by insulin, are surprisingly far less studied. Insulin is a very important polypeptide that plays a variety of biological roles and, first and foremost, is at the basis of the therapy of diabetic patients. It is well-known that it can form fibrils at the site of injection, leading to inflammation and immune response, in addition to other side effects. In this concise review, we analyze the current knowledge on insulin fibrillation, with a focus on the development of peptide-based inhibitors, which are promising candidates for their biocompatibility but still pose challenges to their effective use in therapy.
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Chakraborty D, Mukherjee A, Sarkar N. A Comprehensive Review on Inorganic Nanoparticles as Effective Modulators of Amyloidogenesis. Protein Pept Lett 2023; 30:640-652. [PMID: 37409548 DOI: 10.2174/0929866530666230705153229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Many degenerative disorders have started to develop as a result of the deposition of insoluble protein fibrillar clumps known as amyloid. This deposition mostly limits normal cellular function and signaling. This build-up of amyloid in vivo results in a variety of illnesses in the body, including type 2 diabetes, several neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease and spongiform encephalopathy), and Alzheimer's disease. Growing interest has been demonstrated in nanoparticles as a potential treatments for amyloidosis throughout the past few decades. Inorganic nanoparticles are one of them and have also been in substantial research as a potential anti-amyloid drug. Inorganic nanoparticles have emerged as a good study candidates because of their nano size, distinctive physical characteristics, and capacity to traverse the blood-brain barrier. In the current review, we have focused on the effects of different types of inorganic nanoparticles on amyloidogenesis and attempted to understand their underlying mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashmita Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Aniket Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Nandini Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
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23
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Tikhonova T, Cohen-Gerassi D, Arnon ZA, Efremov Y, Timashev P, Adler-Abramovich L, Shirshin EA. Tunable Self-Assembled Peptide Hydrogel Sensor for Pharma Cold Supply Chain. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:55392-55401. [PMID: 36475602 PMCID: PMC9782340 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Defrost sensors are a crucial element for proper functioning of the pharmaceutical cold chain. In this paper, the self-assembled peptide-based hydrogels were used to construct a sensitive defrost sensor for the transportation and storage of medications and biomaterials. The turbidity of the peptide hydrogel was employed as a marker of the temperature regime. The gelation kinetics under different conditions was studied to detect various stages of hydrogel structural transitions aimed at tuning the system properties. The developed sensor can be stored at room temperature for a long period, irreversibly indicates whether the product has been thawed, and can be adjusted to a specific temperature range and detection time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana
N. Tikhonova
- Department
of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Leninskie gory 1/2, Moscow119991, Russia
- SBIH
Vorohobov’s City Clinical Hospital No. 67 MHD Moscow, 2/44 Salam Adil St., Moscow123423, Russia
| | - Dana Cohen-Gerassi
- Department
of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler
Faculty of Medicine, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Zohar A. Arnon
- Department
of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler
Faculty of Medicine, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Yuri Efremov
- World-Class
Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University 8-2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow119991, Russia
- Institute
for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class
Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University 8-2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow119991, Russia
- Institute
for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Lihi Adler-Abramovich
- Department
of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler
Faculty of Medicine, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Evgeny A. Shirshin
- Department
of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Leninskie gory 1/2, Moscow119991, Russia
- World-Class
Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University 8-2, Trubetskaya St., Moscow119991, Russia
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24
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Tikhonova TN, Kolmogorov VS, Timoshenko RV, Vaneev AN, Cohen-Gerassi D, Osminkina LA, Gorelkin PV, Erofeev AS, Sysoev NN, Adler-Abramovich L, Shirshin EA. Sensing Cells-Peptide Hydrogel Interaction In Situ via Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244137. [PMID: 36552900 PMCID: PMC9776472 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based hydrogels were shown to serve as good matrices for 3D cell culture and to be applied in the field of regenerative medicine. The study of the cell-matrix interaction is important for the understanding of cell attachment, proliferation, and migration, as well as for the improvement of the matrix. Here, we used scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) to study the growth of cells on self-assembled peptide-based hydrogels. The hydrogel surface topography, which changes during its formation in an aqueous solution, were studied at nanoscale resolution and compared with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Moreover, SICM demonstrated the ability to map living cells inside the hydrogel. A zwitterionic label-free pH nanoprobe with a sensitivity > 0.01 units was applied for the investigation of pH mapping in the hydrogel to estimate the hydrogel applicability for cell growth. The SICM technique that was applied here to evaluate the cell growth on the peptide-based hydrogel can be used as a tool to study functional living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N. Tikhonova
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasilii S. Kolmogorov
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman V. Timoshenko
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Vaneev
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dana Cohen-Gerassi
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Liubov A. Osminkina
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr V. Gorelkin
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Erofeev
- Laboratory of Biophysics, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay N. Sysoev
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lihi Adler-Abramovich
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Evgeny A. Shirshin
- Department of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-4959391104
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25
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Li Y, Yu Y, Ma G. Modulation Effects of Fe 3+, Zn 2+, and Cu 2+ Ions on the Amyloid Fibrillation of α-Synuclein: Insights from a FTIR Investigation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238383. [PMID: 36500474 PMCID: PMC9740228 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibrillation of α-synuclein is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and heavy metal ions such as Fe3+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ are known to be involved in the process. In this work, we explored the use of FTIR spectroscopy to look into the modulation effects of Fe3+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ on the amyloid fibrillation of α-synuclein. We performed a curve-fitting analysis on the FTIR amide I bands of these α-synuclein fibril systems, namely, the pristine fibril and the fibrils prepared in the presence of Fe3+, Zn2+, and Cu2+. We found that the α-synuclein fibrils under the influences of metal ions all possessed a parallel β-sheet structure, turn structure, and disordered structure, similar to that of pristine α-synuclein fibril. We also observed metal-induced increases in the proportions of the β-sheet secondary structure within the α-synuclein fibrils, with Fe3+ being the most effective inducer. We performed second derivative analysis of the side chain carboxylic groups of α-synuclein fibrils and found that the side chain microenvironment of the α-synuclein fibrils was more influenced by Fe3+ than Zn2+, and Cu2+. In addition, our atomic force microscopic study revealed that the morphologies of α-synuclein fibrils under the influence of Fe3+ was quite different from that of the Zn2+ and Cu2+ systems. Our FTIR results suggested that the modulation effects of Fe3+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ on α-synuclein fibrillation occurred at both secondary and quaternary structural levels. At last, we proposed a mechanistic hypothesis to interpret how metal ions could affect the morphology of α-synuclein amyloid fibril based on the conformational plasticity properties of intrinsically disordered proteins.
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26
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Pöyhiä R, Nieminen T, Tuompo VWT, Parikka H. Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Basic Cardiac Electrophysiology in Adults; a Descriptive Review and a Prospective Case Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1372. [PMID: 36355544 PMCID: PMC9692353 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a commonly used sedative agent with no or minimal effects on breathing. DEX may also be beneficial in myocardial protection. Since the mechanisms of cardiac effects are not well known, we carried out a descriptive review and examined the effects of DEX on myocardial electrical conduction in a prospective and controlled manner. For the review, clinical studies exploring DEX in myocardial protection published between 2020-2022 were explored. A case study included 11 consecutive patients at a median (range) age of 48 (38-59), scheduled for elective radiofrequency ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. A bolus dose of DEX 1 µg/kg given in 15 min was followed by a continuous infusion of 0.2-0.7 µg/kg/h. Direct intracardiac electrophysiologic measurements, hemodynamics and oxygenation were measured before and after the DEX bolus. Experimental studies show that DEX protects the heart both via stabilizing cardiac electrophysiology and reducing apoptosis and autophagy after cell injury. The clinical evidence shows that DEX provides cardiac protection during different surgeries. In a clinical study, DEX increased the corrected sinus node recovery time, prolongated the atrioventricular (AV) nodal refractory period and cycle length producing AV nodal Wenckebach retrograde conduction block. DEX has a putative role in organ protection against hypoxic, oxidative and reperfusion injury. DEX slows down the firing of the sinus node and prolongs AV refractoriness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reino Pöyhiä
- Palliative Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00280 Helsinki, Finland
- Palliative Center, Essote, The South Savo Social and Health Care Authority, 50100 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Teija Nieminen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00280 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Hannu Parikka
- Department of Cardiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00280 Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Cozzi S, Bottoni N, Botti A, Trojani V, Alì E, Finocchi Ghersi S, Cremaschi F, Iori F, Ciammella P, Iori M, Iotti C. The Use of Cardiac Stereotactic Radiation Therapy (SBRT) to Manage Ventricular Tachycardia: A Case Report, Review of the Literature and Technical Notes. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111783. [PMID: 36579492 PMCID: PMC9694192 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND among cardiac arrhythmias, ventricular tachycardia (VT) is one that can lead to cardiac death, although significant progress has been made in its treatment, including the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) and radiofrequency catheter ablation. Nevertheless, long-term recurrence rates remain in about half of patients and drastically impact the patient's quality of life. Moreover, recurrent ICD shocks are painful and are associated with higher mortality and worsening of heart failure. Recently, more and more experiences are demonstrating potential efficacy in the use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) (also called cardiac radio-ablation) to treat this condition. In this paper, we report our experience in the use of cardiac radio-ablation for the treatment of refractory ventricular tachycardia with a focus on the technique used, along with a review of the literature and technical notes. CASE PRESENTATION an 81-year-old male patient with a long history of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and mechanical mitral prosthesis underwent a biventricular cardioverter defibrillator implant after atrial ventricular node ablation. At the end of 2021, the number of tachycardias increased significantly to about 10 episodes per day. After failure of medical treatment and conventional RT catheter ablation, the patient was treated with SBRT for a total dose of 25 Gy in a single session at the site of the ectopic focus. No acute toxicity was recorded. After SBRT (follow-up 7 months) no other VT episodes were recorded. CONCLUSION SBRT appears to be safe and leads to a rapid reduction in arrhythmic storms as treatment for VT without acute toxicity, representing one of the most promising methods for treating VT storms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cozzi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Nicola Bottoni
- Department of Cardiology, Arrhythmology Center, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Botti
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeria Trojani
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Alì
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Finocchi Ghersi
- Radiation Oncolgy Unit, AOU Sant’Andrea, Facoltà di Medicina e Psicologia, Università La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Cremaschi
- Engineer Clinical Specialist, Biosense Webster, Pratica di Mare, Pomezia, 00071 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Iori
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ciammella
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mauro Iori
- Medical Physics Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Iotti
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Jonasson S, Bünder A, Berglund L, Niittylä T, Oksman K. Characteristics of Cellulose Nanofibrils from Transgenic Trees with Reduced Expression of Cellulose Synthase Interacting 1. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3448. [PMID: 36234576 PMCID: PMC9565832 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils can be derived from the native load-bearing cellulose microfibrils in wood. These microfibrils are synthesized by a cellulose synthase enzyme complex that resides in the plasma membrane of developing wood cells. It was previously shown that transgenic hybrid aspen trees with reduced expression of CSI1 have different wood mechanics and cellulose microfibril properties. We hypothesized that these changes in the native cellulose may affect the quality of the corresponding nanofibrils. To test this hypothesis, wood from wild-type and transgenic trees with reduced expression of CSI1 was subjected to oxidative nanofibril isolation. The transgenic wood-extracted nanofibrils exhibited a significantly lower suspension viscosity and estimated surface area than the wild-type nanofibrils. Furthermore, the nanofibril networks manufactured from the transgenics exhibited high stiffness, as well as reduced water uptake, tensile strength, strain-to-break, and degree of polymerization. Presumably, the difference in wood properties caused by the decreased expression of CSI1 resulted in nanofibrils with distinctive qualities. The observed changes in the physicochemical properties suggest that the differences were caused by changes in the apparent nanofibril aspect ratio and surface accessibility. This study demonstrates the possibility of influencing wood-derived nanofibril quality through the genetic engineering of trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jonasson
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anne Bünder
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linn Berglund
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristiina Oksman
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
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29
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Akbarian M, Bahmani M, Chen SH, Yousefi R, Mohammadi-Samani S, Tayebi L, Panahi F, Farjadian F. Mechanisms behind the Fibrillation and Toxicity of Insulin Fibrils on Neuron Cells by Engineered Curcumin Analogs. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2613-2631. [PMID: 35969719 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Among foods, the use of plant derivatives as promising drugs and/or excipients has been considered from various perspectives. In the present study, curcumin, which is one of the most important plant derivatives for biological uses, and four curcumin-based pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogs (C2-C5) were used for investigating the mechanism of insulin fibrillation and evaluating the cytotoxicity of insulin fibrils. The synthesized analogs differed in terms of hydrophobicity and electrostatic charge. The analogs with more hydrophobicity (C1 and C4) in both acidic and neutral environments were able to reduce the rate of insulin fibrillation and the degree of cross-linking in the produced fibrils. Additionally, the toxicity of these fibrils for neural cells (N2a cell line) was very low. However, they did not show any significant effects on the toxicity of non-neural cells (HEK293 cell line), indicating the effect of the biochemical surface diversity on determining the vulnerability to fibrils and even the mechanism of action of additives on cell line survival. Although negatively charged analogs were able to reduce insulin fibrillation in the acidic environment, they indicated an opposite effect in the neutral environment. The resultant fibrils in the acidic medium appeared with a well-distinguished filament, but they were very close at neutral pH levels. Moreover, such fibrils indicated very poor toxicity against the N2a cell line and had no significant effects on HEK293 cells. Considering the docking studies, by creatively using the size exclusion chromatography, it was suggested that analogs C2 and C3 were capable of binding to the C-terminal end of the insulin B chain (low affinity) and HisB10 (high affinity). Hence, it was suggested that different compounds could play different protecting and/or destroying roles in cell toxicity by blocking some ligands at the surface of neuron cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Akbarian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz7146864685, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz7146864685, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan701, Taiwan
| | - Marzieh Bahmani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz7146864685, Iran.,Department of Science, Medicine and Health, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, NSW, Wollongong2522, Australia
| | - Shu-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan701, Taiwan
| | - Reza Yousefi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran1417466191, Iran.,Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz7193371, Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz7146864685, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz7146864685, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin53233-2186, United States
| | - Farhad Panahi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz7146864685, Iran
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30
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He X, Li M, Liu Y, Nian Y, Hu B. Purification of Egg White Lysozyme Determines the Downstream Fibrillation of Protein and Co-assembly with Phytochemicals to Form Edible Hydrogels Regulating the Lipid Metabolism. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:9432-9441. [PMID: 35876899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the synthetic chemistry or synthetic biological systems have already shown the power of biomaterials engineering, natural bioresource matter is still a valuable library of raw ingredients for the production of biomaterials, in particular, the edible ones. However, the influence of upstream isolation and purification of the raw materials on their performance in the downstream processing procedures is still unexplored, which is essential for the engineering of biomaterials. Based on the comparison of conventional techniques, heating-induced precipitation combined with resin-blending ion exchange was developed as a simple and cheap method for the utilization of egg whites to produce the lysozyme that is found to be exclusively feasible for fibrillation. Even with similar purities, only the lysozyme prepared by this method could be utilized to form ordered linear aggregate fibrils. Fibrillation was recently pursued as a new approach to utilize bioresource mass for high-tech end-products. Phytochemicals, totally replacing salts, induced the lysozyme fibrils to form hydrogels spontaneously, which was further demonstrated in an in vivo study to prevent obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) by reducing lipid absorption and lipogenesis, promoting energy expenditure, and inhibiting inflammation. The agri-food bioresource was successfully employed as a proof of concept in edible biomedical materials for the regulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Yingqun Nian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, China
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31
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Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most concerning public health problems because of its high incidence, multiple complications, and difficult treatment. Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is closely linked to T2DM because its abnormal self-assembly causes membrane damage and cell dysfunction. The development of potential inhibitors to prevent hIAPP fibrillation is a promising strategy for the intervention and treatment of diabetes. Natural isoquinoline alkaloids are used as effective medication that targets different biomolecules. Although studies explored the efficacy of berberine, jatrorrhizine, and chelerythrine in diabetes, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, three isoquinoline alkaloids are selected to reveal their roles in hIAPP aggregation, disaggregation, and cell protection. All three compounds displayed good inhibitory effects on peptide fibrillation, scattered the preformed fibrils into small oligomers and most monomers, and upregulated cell viability by reducing hIAPP oligomerization. Moreover, combined biophysical analyses indicated that the compounds affected the β-sheet structure and hydrophobicity of polypeptides significantly, and the benzo[c]phenanthridine structure of chelerythrine was beneficial to the inhibition of hIAPP aggregation and their hydrophobic interaction, compared with that of berberine and jatrorrhizine. Our work elaborated the effects of these alkaloids on hIAPP fibrillation and reveals a possible mechanism for these compounds against T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yan Huo
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Weihong Du
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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Wawer J, Karczewski J, Aranowski R, Piątek R, Augustin-Nowacka D, Bruździak P. Influence of Urea and Dimethyl Sulfoxide on K-Peptide Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3027. [PMID: 35328447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein fibrillation leads to formation of amyloids-linear aggregates that are hallmarks of many serious diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In this work, we investigate the fibrillation of a short peptide (K-peptide) from the amyloidogenic core of hen egg white lysozyme in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide or urea. During the studies, a variety of spectroscopic methods were used: fluorescence spectroscopy and the Thioflavin T assay, circular dichroism, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, optical density measurements, dynamic light scattering and intrinsic fluorescence. Additionally, the presence of amyloids was confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The obtained results show that the K-peptide is highly prone to form fibrillar aggregates. The measurements also confirm the weak impact of dimethyl sulfoxide on peptide fibrillation and distinct influence of urea. We believe that the K-peptide has higher amyloidogenic propensity than the whole protein, i.e., hen egg white lysozyme, most likely due to the lack of the first step of amyloidogenesis-partial unfolding of the native structure. Urea influences the second step of K-peptide amyloidogenesis, i.e., folding into amyloids.
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Subedi S, Sasidharan S, Nag N, Saudagar P, Tripathi T. Amyloid Cross-Seeding: Mechanism, Implication, and Inhibition. Molecules 2022; 27:1776. [PMID: 35335141 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, etc. are caused by inclusions and plaques containing misfolded protein aggregates. These protein aggregates are essentially formed by the interactions of either the same (homologous) or different (heterologous) sequences. Several experimental pieces of evidence have revealed the presence of cross-seeding in amyloid proteins, which results in a multicomponent assembly; however, the molecular and structural details remain less explored. Here, we discuss the amyloid proteins and the cross-seeding phenomena in detail. Data suggest that targeting the common epitope of the interacting amyloid proteins may be a better therapeutic option than targeting only one species. We also examine the dual inhibitors that target the amyloid proteins participating in the cross-seeding events. The future scopes and major challenges in understanding the mechanism and developing therapeutics are also considered. Detailed knowledge of the amyloid cross-seeding will stimulate further research in the practical aspects and better designing anti-amyloid therapeutics.
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Pesce G, Gondelaud F, Ptchelkine D, Nilsson JF, Bignon C, Cartalas J, Fourquet P, Longhi S. Experimental Evidence of Intrinsic Disorder and Amyloid Formation by the Henipavirus W Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020923. [PMID: 35055108 PMCID: PMC8780864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Henipaviruses are severe human pathogens within the Paramyxoviridae family. Beyond the P protein, the Henipavirus P gene also encodes the V and W proteins which share with P their N-terminal, intrinsically disordered domain (NTD) and possess a unique C-terminal domain. Henipavirus W proteins antagonize interferon (IFN) signaling through NTD-mediated binding to STAT1 and STAT4, and prevent type I IFN expression and production of chemokines. Structural and molecular information on Henipavirus W proteins is lacking. By combining various bioinformatic approaches, we herein show that the Henipaviruses W proteins are predicted to be prevalently disordered and yet to contain short order-prone segments. Using limited proteolysis, differential scanning fluorimetry, analytical size exclusion chromatography, far-UV circular dichroism and small-angle X-ray scattering, we experimentally confirmed their overall disordered nature. In addition, using Congo red and Thioflavin T binding assays and negative-staining transmission electron microscopy, we show that the W proteins phase separate to form amyloid-like fibrils. The present study provides an additional example, among the few reported so far, of a viral protein forming amyloid-like fibrils, therefore significantly contributing to enlarge our currently limited knowledge of viral amyloids. In light of the critical role of the Henipavirus W proteins in evading the host innate immune response and of the functional role of phase separation in biology, these studies provide a conceptual asset to further investigate the functional impact of the phase separation abilities of the W proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pesce
- Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Aix Marseille University and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (J.F.N.); (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Frank Gondelaud
- Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Aix Marseille University and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (J.F.N.); (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Denis Ptchelkine
- Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Aix Marseille University and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (J.F.N.); (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Juliet F. Nilsson
- Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Aix Marseille University and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (J.F.N.); (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Christophe Bignon
- Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Aix Marseille University and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (J.F.N.); (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Jérémy Cartalas
- Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Aix Marseille University and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (J.F.N.); (C.B.); (J.C.)
| | - Patrick Fourquet
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marseille Protéomique, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille University, 27 Bvd Leï Roure, CS 30059, 13273 Marseille, France;
| | - Sonia Longhi
- Laboratoire Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257, Aix Marseille University and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 163 Avenue de Luminy, Case 932, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.P.); (F.G.); (D.P.); (J.F.N.); (C.B.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Li X, Shi X, Handa BS, Sau A, Zhang B, Qureshi NA, Whinnett ZI, Linton NWF, Lim PB, Kanagaratnam P, Peters NS, Ng FS. Classification of Fibrillation Organisation Using Electrocardiograms to Guide Mechanism-Directed Treatments. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712454. [PMID: 34858198 PMCID: PMC8632359 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are complex heart rhythm disorders and may be sustained by distinct electrophysiological mechanisms. Disorganised self-perpetuating multiple-wavelets and organised rotational drivers (RDs) localising to specific areas are both possible mechanisms by which fibrillation is sustained. Determining the underlying mechanisms of fibrillation may be helpful in tailoring treatment strategies. We investigated whether global fibrillation organisation, a surrogate for fibrillation mechanism, can be determined from electrocardiograms (ECGs) using band-power (BP) feature analysis and machine learning. Methods: In this study, we proposed a novel ECG classification framework to differentiate fibrillation organisation levels. BP features were derived from surface ECGs and fed to a linear discriminant analysis classifier to predict fibrillation organisation level. Two datasets, single-channel ECGs of rat VF (n = 9) and 12-lead ECGs of human AF (n = 17), were used for model evaluation in a leave-one-out (LOO) manner. Results: The proposed method correctly predicted the organisation level from rat VF ECG with the sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 80%, and accuracy of 78%, and from clinical AF ECG with the sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 92%, and accuracy of 88%. Conclusion: Our proposed method can distinguish between AF/VF of different global organisation levels non-invasively from the ECG alone. This may aid in patient selection and guiding mechanism-directed tailored treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xili Shi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Balvinder S. Handa
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arunashis Sau
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bowen Zhang
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Norman A. Qureshi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zachary I. Whinnett
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick W. F. Linton
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phang Boon Lim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prapa Kanagaratnam
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas S. Peters
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Mahmoudi E, Keykhaei M, Yarmohammadi H, Mollazadeh R. Letter to the Editor regarding article "Association between electrocardiographic features and mortality in COVID-19 patients". Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2021; 26:e12869. [PMID: 34273128 PMCID: PMC8411679 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Mahmoudi
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keykhaei
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Mollazadeh
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hernandez AV, Bradley G, Khan M, Fratoni A, Gasparini A, Roman YM, Bunz TJ, Eriksson D, Meinecke AK, Coleman CI. Rivaroxaban vs. warfarin and renal outcomes in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with diabetes. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2021; 6:301-307. [PMID: 31432074 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular calcification is common in diabetic patients. Warfarin has been associated with renovascular calcification and worsening renal function; rivaroxaban may provide renopreservation by decreasing vascular inflammation. We compared the impact of rivaroxaban and warfarin on renal outcomes in diabetic patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). METHODS AND RESULTS Using United States IBM MarketScan data from January 2011 to December 2017, we identified adults with both NVAF and diabetes, newly-initiated on rivaroxaban or warfarin with ≥12-month insurance coverage prior to anticoagulation initiation. Patients with Stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) or undergoing haemodialysis at baseline were excluded. Differences in baseline covariates between cohorts were adjusted using inverse probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW) based on propensity scores (absolute standardized differences <0.1 achieved for all after adjustment). Outcomes included incidence rates of emergency department/hospital admissions for acute kidney injury (AKI) and the composite of the development of Stage 5 CKD or need for haemodialysis. Patients were followed until an event, index anticoagulant discontinuation/switch, insurance disenrollment, or end-of-data availability. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression. We assessed 10 017 rivaroxaban (22.6% received a reduced dose) and 11 665 warfarin users. In comparison to warfarin, rivaroxaban was associated with lower risks of AKI (HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.74-0.92) and development of Stage 5 CKD or need for haemodialysis (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70-0.96). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses had similar effects as the base-case analysis. CONCLUSION Rivaroxaban appears to be associated with lower risks of undesirable renal outcomes vs. warfarin in diabetic NVAF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian V Hernandez
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (USIL), Av. La Fontana 501, La Molina 00012, Lima, Peru
| | - George Bradley
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mohammad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Andrew Fratoni
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Anna Gasparini
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yuani M Roman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
| | - Thomas J Bunz
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, New England Health Analytics, LLC, 54 Old Stagecoach Road, Granby, CT 06035, USA
| | - Daniel Eriksson
- Real-World Evidence Strategy and Outcomes Data Generation, Bayer AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Craig I Coleman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Hartford Hospital, 80 Seymour Street, Hartford, CT 06102, USA
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Alcover KC, Ambardar SR, Poltavskiy E, Nasir JM, Janak JC, Howard JT, Walker LE, Haigney MC, Stewart IJ. Traumatic injury and atrial fibrillation among deployed service members. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021; 32:2590-2594. [PMID: 34197003 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter (AF/AFL), the most common atrial arrhythmias, have never been examined in combat casualties. In this study, we investigated the impact of traumatic injury on AF/AFL among service members with deployment history. METHODS Sampled from the Department of Defense (DoD) Trauma Registry (n = 10,000), each injured patient in this retrospective cohort study was matched with a non-injured service member drawn from the Veterans Affairs/DoD Identity Repository. The primary outcome was AF/AFL diagnosis identified using ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes. Competing risk regressions based on Fine and Gray subdistribution hazards model with were utilized to assess the association between injury and AF/AFL. RESULTS There were 130 reported AF/AFL cases, 90 of whom were injured and 40 were non-injured. The estimated cumulative incidence rates of AF/AFL for injured was higher compared to non-injured patients (hazards ratio [HR] = 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44, 2.87). After adjustment demographics and tobacco use, the association did not appreciably decrease (HR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.23, 2.93). Additional adjustment for obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and vascular disorders, the association between injury and AF/AFL was no longer statistically significant (HR = 1.51; 95% CI = 0.99, 2.52). CONCLUSION Higher AF/AFL incidence rate was observed among deployed service members with combat injury compared to servicemembers without injury. The association did not remain significant after adjustment for cardiovascular-related covariates. These findings highlight the need for combat casualty surveillance to further understand the AF/AFL risk within the military population and to elucidate the potential underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl C Alcover
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shiva R Ambardar
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eduard Poltavskiy
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, California, USA
| | - Javed M Nasir
- Division of Cardiology, Mercy Medical Center, Redding, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey T Howard
- Department of Public Health, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren E Walker
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, Travis AFB, California, USA
| | - Mark C Haigney
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian J Stewart
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Moracci L, Crotti S, Traldi P, Cosma C, Lapolla A, Pucciarelli S, Agostini M. An electrospray ionization study on complexes of amylin with Cu(II) and Cu(I). J Mass Spectrom 2021; 56:e4773. [PMID: 34120371 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human amylin (hIAPP) is one of a number of different peptides known to be responsible for the formation of amyloid fibrils in the pancreas of subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was recognized that metal ions such as Cu(II) are implicated in the aggregation process of amyloidogenic peptides. However, the role of Cu(II) ions in the aggregation and dyshomeostasis of amylin has been controversial. Considering that most of the research reported in the literature pertain to the interactions between Cu(II) and amylin, we thought of interest to compare the interactions of Cu(II) and Cu(I) ions with amylin by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry and collisional experiments, to elucidate possible differences in structural aspects of the complexes so formed. The ESI mass spectra of solutions containing hIAPP and Cu(I) or Cu(II) ions show the formation of hIAPP-Cu complexes. In both cases, M + Cu ions with three and four positive charges are detected. However, a series of fragment ions, absent in the ESI spectrum of untreated hIAPP, become detectable. Some of them are common for both Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes, whereas others are specific for the complexes containing Cu in different oxidation states. Some fragments imply the involvement of residues His18, Ser19, Ser20, Asn21, and Asn22 in the complex formation, but the detection of the fragment b22 3+ indicates the presence of copper ions in a different position. This suggests different interaction sites between Cu(II) and Cu(I) and hIAPP. In contrast to Cu(II) complex, in the Cu(I) complex, some peculiar structures are present, corresponding to the cleavage of Asn-Asn peptidic bond and to [b30 + Cu(I)]4+ and [b28 + Cu(I)]4+ species. These results are in agreement with the coordination vacancy in [Cu(I)-(peptide)] species, which promotes Cu(I) interaction with additional neighboring donors (mainly N-histidine, and also S-methionine or other groups depending on the peptide conformation) through formation of trigonal T-shaped intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moracci
- First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Crotti
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Traldi
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Cosma
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Pucciarelli
- First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- First Surgical Clinic Section, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Nano-Inspired Biomedicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
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Marvastizadeh N, Dabirmanesh B, Sajedi RH, Khajeh K. Anti-amyloidogenic effect of artemin on α-synuclein. Biol Chem 2021; 401:1143-1151. [PMID: 32673279 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein fibrillation is now regarded as a major pathogenic process in Parkinson's disease and its proteinaceous deposits are also detected in other neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease. Therefore anti-amyloidegenic compounds may delay or prevent the progression of synucleinopathies disease. Molecular chaperones are group of proteins which mediate correct folding of proteins by preventing unsuitable interactions which may lead to aggregation. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-amyloidogenic effect of molecular chaperone artemin on α-synuclein. As the concentration of artemin was increased up to 4 μg/ml, a decrease in fibril formation of α-synuclein was observed using thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence and congo red (CR) assay. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images also demonstrated a reduction in fibrils in the presence of artemin. The secondary structure of α-synuclein was similar to its native form prior to fibrillation when incubated with artemin. A cell-based assay has shown that artemin inhibits α-synuclein aggregation and reduce cytotoxicity, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our results revealed that artemin has efficient chaperon activity for preventing α-synuclein fibril formation and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Marvastizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Dabirmanesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza H Sajedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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Denham NC, Pearman CM, Madders GWP, Smith CER, Trafford AW, Dibb KM. Optimising Large Animal Models of Sustained Atrial Fibrillation: Relevance of the Critical Mass Hypothesis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:690897. [PMID: 34211405 PMCID: PMC8239221 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.690897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large animal models play an important role in our understanding of the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF). Our aim was to determine whether prospectively collected baseline variables could predict the development of sustained AF in sheep, thereby reducing the number of animals required in future studies. Our hypothesis was that the relationship between atrial dimensions, refractory periods and conduction velocity (otherwise known as the critical mass hypothesis) could be used for the first time to predict the development of sustained AF. METHODS Healthy adult Welsh mountain sheep underwent a baseline electrophysiology study followed by implantation of a neurostimulator connected via an endocardial pacing lead to the right atrial appendage. The device was programmed to deliver intermittent 50 Hz bursts of 30 s duration over an 8-week period whilst sheep were monitored for AF. RESULTS Eighteen sheep completed the protocol, of which 28% developed sustained AF. Logistic regression analysis showed only fibrillation number (calculated using the critical mass hypothesis as the left atrial diameter divided by the product of atrial conduction velocity and effective refractory period) was associated with an increased likelihood of developing sustained AF (Ln Odds Ratio 26.1 [95% confidence intervals 0.2-52.0] p = 0.048). A receiver-operator characteristic curve showed this could be used to predict which sheep developed sustained AF (C-statistic 0.82 [95% confidence intervals 0.59-1.04] p = 0.04). CONCLUSION The critical mass hypothesis can be used to predict sustained AF in a tachypaced ovine model. These findings can be used to optimise the design of future studies involving large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C. Denham
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Morel B, Carrasco-Jiménez MP, Jurado S, Conejero-Lara F. Rapid Conversion of Amyloid-Beta 1-40 Oligomers to Mature Fibrils through a Self-Catalytic Bimolecular Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126370. [PMID: 34198692 PMCID: PMC8232289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of fibrillar aggregates of the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) in the brain is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A clear understanding of the different aggregation steps leading to fibrils formation is a keystone in therapeutics discovery. In a recent study, we showed that Aβ40 and Aβ42 form dynamic micellar aggregates above certain critical concentrations, which mediate a fast formation of more stable oligomers, which in the case of Aβ40 are able to evolve towards amyloid fibrils. Here, using different biophysical techniques we investigated the role of different fractions of the Aβ aggregation mixture in the nucleation and fibrillation steps. We show that both processes occur through bimolecular interplay between low molecular weight species (monomer and/or dimer) and larger oligomers. Moreover, we report here a novel self-catalytic mechanism of fibrillation of Aβ40, in which early oligomers generate and deliver low molecular weight amyloid nuclei, which then catalyze the rapid conversion of the oligomers to mature amyloid fibrils. This fibrillation catalytic activity is not present in freshly disaggregated low-molecular weight Aβ40 and is, therefore, a property acquired during the aggregation process. In contrast to Aβ40, we did not observe the same self-catalytic fibrillation in Aβ42 spheroidal oligomers, which could neither be induced to fibrillate by the Aβ40 nuclei. Our results reveal clearly that amyloid fibrillation is a multi-component process, in which dynamic collisions between different interacting species favor the kinetics of amyloid nucleation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Morel
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología e Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (F.C.-L.); Tel.: +34-958-242-371 (F.C.-L.)
| | - María P. Carrasco-Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Samuel Jurado
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología e Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Francisco Conejero-Lara
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología e Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (F.C.-L.); Tel.: +34-958-242-371 (F.C.-L.)
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Mohammadi F, Takalloo Z, Rahmani H, Nasiri Khalili MA, Khajeh K, Riazi G, H Sajedi R. Interplay of isoform 1N4R tau protein and amyloid-β peptide fragment 25-35 in reducing and non-reducing conditions. J Biochem 2021; 169:119-134. [PMID: 32857841 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and tau protein are two hallmark proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the parameters, which mediate the abnormal aggregation of Aβ and tau, have not been fully discovered. Here, we have provided an optimum method to purify tau protein isoform 1N4R by using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose chromatography under denaturing condition. The biochemical and biophysical properties of the purified protein were further characterized using in vitro tau filament assembly, tubulin polymerization assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Afterwards, we investigated the effect of tau protein on aggregation of Aβ (25-35) peptide using microscopic imaging and cell viability assay. Incubation of tau at physiologic and supra-physiologic concentrations with Aβ25-35 for 40 days under reducing and non-reducing conditions revealed formation of two types of aggregates with distinct morphologies and dimensions. In non-reducing condition, the co-incubated sample showed granular aggregates, while in reducing condition, they formed annular protofibrils. Results from cell viability assay revealed the increased cell viability for the co-incubated sample. Therefore, the disassembling action shown by tau protein on Aβ25-35 suggests the possibility that tau may have a protective role in preventing Aβ peptide from acquiring the cytotoxic, aggregated form against oxidative stress damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Jalal AleAhmad Highway, P.O.Box: 14115-111, Iran
| | - Zeinab Takalloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Jalal AleAhmad Highway, P.O.Box: 14115-111, Iran
| | - Hossein Rahmani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Jalal AleAhmad Highway, P.O.Box: 14115-111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nasiri Khalili
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Lavizan, Babaei Highway, P.O.Box: 15875-1774, Iran
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Jalal AleAhmad Highway, P.O.Box: 14115-111, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Enghelab Square, Postal Code: 1417466191, Iran
| | - Reza H Sajedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Jalal AleAhmad Highway, P.O.Box: 14115-111, Iran
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44
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Christensen LFB, Alijanvand SH, Burdukiewicz M, Herbst FA, Kjeldal H, Dueholm MS, Otzen DE. Identification of amyloidogenic proteins in the microbiomes of a rat Parkinson's disease model and wild-type rats. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1854-1870. [PMID: 34075639 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cross seeding between amyloidogenic proteins in the gut is receiving increasing attention as a possible mechanism for initiation or acceleration of amyloid formation by aggregation-prone proteins such as αSN, which is central in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). This is particularly pertinent in view of the growing number of functional (i.e., benign and useful) amyloid proteins discovered in bacteria. Here we identify two amyloidogenic proteins, Pr12 and Pr17, in fecal matter from PD transgenic rats and their wild type counterparts, based on their stability against dissolution by formic acid (FA). Both proteins show robust aggregation into ThT-positive aggregates that contain higher-order β-sheets and have a fibrillar morphology, indicative of amyloid proteins. In addition, Pr17 aggregates formed in vitro showed significant resistance against FA, suggesting an ability to form highly stable amyloid. Treatment with proteinase K revealed a protected core of approx. 9 kDa. Neither Pr12 nor Pr17, however, affected αSN aggregation in vitro. Thus, amyloidogenicity does not per se lead to an ability to cross-seed fibrillation of αSN. Our results support the use of proteomics and FA to identify amyloidogenic protein in complex mixtures and suggests that there may be numerous functional amyloid proteins in microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Friis Bakmann Christensen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Saeid Hadi Alijanvand
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), Department of Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michał Burdukiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Centre for Clinical Research, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Florian-Alexander Herbst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Kjeldal
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Morten Simonsen Dueholm
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Abstract
Light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is a fatal disorder wherein the immunoglobulin light chain misfolds and aggregates, leading to amyloid plaques in various organs. Patient-specific mutations in the light chain variable domain (VL) are tightly linked to amyloidosis, but how these mutations drive AL is unknown. In recent work, Rottenaicher et al. analyze five mutations found in the VL of a patient with cardiac AL. Their data suggest that decreased VL stability and increased flexibility in the core of the VL, caused by mutations outside of this core, could be key to aggregation and highlight the delicate balancing act required for antibody maturation to enable antigen recognition while not altering protein biophysics.
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Chintala S, Friedman SH. A Light Activated Glucagon Trimer with Resistance to Fibrillation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1506-1514. [PMID: 33703874 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have brought the release of glucagon under the control of light. The aim of this approach is to allow minimally invasive, two-hormone control of blood glucose. Glucagon has two major challenges associated with its therapeutic application: (1) the required amount and timing of glucagon release is highly variable, and (2) glucagon rapidly fibrillates in solution, forming aggregates that are inactive. We have developed a light activated glucagon trimer, in which we have joined three glucagon molecules via light cleaved linkers. We demonstrated that this material can be stimulated by light to release glucagon in a predictable manner. In addition, we demonstrated that in the absence of light, the trimer does not form fibrils and thus releases normal unfibrillated glucagon upon irradiation. These qualities make this material ideal for incorporation into a two hormone light-activated artificial pancreas system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Chintala
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Simon H Friedman
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
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Zeng HJ, Wang SS, Sun LJ, Miao M, Yang R. Investigation on the effect of three isoflavones on the fibrillation of hen egg-white lysozyme. J Mol Recognit 2021; 34:e2889. [PMID: 33646596 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the effects of three isoflavones including daidzein, genistein, and puerarin on fibrillation of hen egg-white lysozyme were investigated by various analytical methods. The results demonstrated that all isoflavones could effectively inhibit the fibrillogenesis of hen egg-white lysozyme and destabilized the preformed fibrils of hen egg-white lysozyme in a dose-dependent manner. To further understand the inhibition mechanism, molecular modeling was carried out. The docking results demonstrated that the isoflavones could bind to two key fibrogenic sites in hen egg-white lysozyme through van der Waals force, electrostatic forces, and hydrogen bonding, as well as σ-π stacking. By these means, isoflavones could not only obviously enhance the hydrophobicity of the binding sites, but also greatly stabilize the native state of HEWL, which was able to postpone the fibrosis process of hen egg-white lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jin Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Sun
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Miao
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Yang
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Jakubec M, Bariås E, Furse S, Govasli ML, George V, Turcu D, Iashchishyn IA, Morozova-Roche LA, Halskau Ø. Cholesterol-containing lipid nanodiscs promote an α-synuclein binding mode that accelerates oligomerization. FEBS J 2021; 288:1887-1905. [PMID: 32892498 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the biosynthesis of cholesterol and other lipids has been implicated in many neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Misfolding of α-synuclein (α-Syn), the main actor in Parkinson's disease, is associated with changes in a lipid environment. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying cholesterol effect on α-Syn binding to lipids as well as α-Syn oligomerization and fibrillation remain elusive, as does the relative importance of cholesterol compared to other factors. We probed the interactions and fibrillation behaviour of α-Syn using styrene-maleic acid nanodiscs, containing zwitterionic and anionic lipid model systems with and without cholesterol. Surface plasmon resonance and thioflavin T fluorescence assays were employed to monitor α-Syn binding, as well as fibrillation in the absence and presence of membrane models. 1 H-15 N-correlated NMR was used to monitor the fold of α-Syn in response to nanodisc binding, determining individual residue apparent affinities for the nanodisc-contained bilayers. The addition of cholesterol inhibited α-Syn interaction with lipid bilayers and, however, significantly promoted α-Syn fibrillation, with a more than a 20-fold reduction of lag times before fibrillation onset. When α-Syn bilayer interactions were analysed at an individual residue level by solution-state NMR, we observed two different effects of cholesterol. In nanodiscs made of DOPC, the addition of cholesterol modulated the NAC part of α-Syn, leading to stronger interaction of this region with the lipid bilayer. In contrast, in the nanodiscs comprising DOPC, DOPE and DOPG, the NAC part was mostly unaffected by the presence of cholesterol, while the binding of the N and the C termini was both inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jakubec
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Espen Bariås
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Samuel Furse
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten L Govasli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Norway
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vinnit George
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Diana Turcu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Igor A Iashchishyn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | - Øyvind Halskau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Norway
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49
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Kamali R, Kump J, Ghafoori E, Lange M, Hu N, Bunch TJ, Dosdall DJ, Macleod RS, Ranjan R. Area Available for Atrial Fibrillation to Propagate Is an Important Determinant of Recurrence After Ablation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2021; 7:896-908. [PMID: 33640348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to evaluate atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation outcomes based on scar patterns and contiguous area available for AF wavefronts to propagate. BACKGROUND The relevance of ablation scar pattern acting as a barrier for electrical propagation in recurrence after catheter ablation for persistent AF is unknown. METHODS Three-month post-ablation atrial cardiac magnetic resonance was used to determine post-ablation scar. The left atrium (LA) was divided into 5 areas based on anatomical landmarks and scar patterns. The length of gaps in scar on the area boundaries was used to calculate fibrillatory areas (FAs) by adding the weighted contribution of adjacent areas. Cylindrical as well as patient-specific computational models were used to further confirm findings. RESULTS A total of 75 patients that underwent an initial ablation for AF with 2 years of follow-up were included. The average maximum FA was 7,896 ± 1,988 mm2 in patients with recurrence (n = 40) and 6,559 ± 1,784 mm2 in patients without recurrence (n = 35) (p < 0.008). After redo ablation in 19 patients with recurrence, average maximum FA was 7,807 ± 1,392 mm2 in 9 patients with recurrence and 5,030 ± 1,765 mm2 in 10 without recurrence (p < 0.007). LA volume and total scar were not significant predictors of recurrence after the first ablation. In the cylindrical model, AF self-terminated after reducing the FAs. In the patient-specific models, simulation matched the clinical outcomes with larger FAs associated with post-ablation arrhythmia recurrences. CONCLUSIONS This data provides mechanistic insights into AF recurrence, suggesting that post-ablation scar pattern dividing the atria into smaller regions is an important and better predictor than LA volume and total scar, with improved long-term outcomes in persistent AF.
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50
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Koo BK, Munroe W, Gralla EB, Valentine JS, Whitelegge JP. A Novel SOD1 Intermediate Oligomer, Role of Free Thiols and Disulfide Exchange. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:619279. [PMID: 33679289 PMCID: PMC7930385 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.619279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild-type human SOD1 forms a highly conserved intra-molecular disulfide bond between C57-C146, and in its native state is greatly stabilized by binding one copper and one zinc atom per monomer rendering the protein dimeric. Loss of copper extinguishes dismutase activity and destabilizes the protein, increasing accessibility of the disulfide with monomerization accompanying disulfide reduction. A further pair of free thiols exist at C6 and C111 distant from metal binding sites, raising the question of their function. Here we investigate their role in misfolding of SOD1 along a pathway that leads to formation of amyloid fibrils. We present the seeding reaction of a mutant SOD1 lacking free sulfhydryl groups (AS-SOD1) to exclude variables caused by these free cysteines. Completely reduced fibril seeds decreasing the kinetic barrier to cleave the highly conserved intramolecular disulfide bond, and accelerating SOD1 reduction and initiation of fibrillation. Presence or absence of the pair of free thiols affects kinetics of fibrillation. Previously, we showed full maturation with both Cu and Zn prevents this behavior while lack of Cu renders sensitivity to fibrillation, with presence of the native disulfide bond modulating this propensity much more strongly than presence of Zn or dimerization. Here we further investigate the role of reduction of the native C57-C146 disulfide bond in fibrillation of wild-type hSOD1, firstly through removal of free thiols by paired mutations C6A, C111S (AS-SOD1), and secondly in seeded fibrillation reactions modulated by reductant tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP). Fibrillation of AS-SOD1 was dependent upon disulfide reduction and showed classic lag and exponential growth phases compared with wild-type hSOD1 whose fibrillation trajectories were typically somewhat perturbed. Electron microscopy showed that AS-SOD1 formed classic fibrils while wild-type fibrillation reactions showed the presence of smaller “sausage-like” oligomers in addition to fibrils, highlighting the potential for mixed disulfides involving C6/C111 to disrupt efficient fibrillation. Seeding by addition of sonicated fibrils lowered the TCEP concentration needed for fibrillation in both wild-type and AS-SOD1 providing evidence for template-driven structural disturbance that elevated susceptibility to reduction and thus propensity to fibrillate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Kyung Koo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William Munroe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Edith B Gralla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joan Selverstone Valentine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, NPI-Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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