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Sarayrah H, Hayek W, Thneibat A, Ibrahim M. Mapping of population growth influence on land use transformation from 1994 to 2015 in Madaba Governorate, Jordan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:250. [PMID: 38340236 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The Madaba Governorate, as the second-largest wheat producer in Jordan, holds a crucial position in safeguarding regional food security. Its evolving landscape, marked by changes in land use, presents environmental and socio-economic challenges that necessitate sustainable urban planning and land management practices. This study delves into the intricate relationship between the conversion of agricultural lands into urban areas and the concurrent rise in population within the Madaba Governorate. Utilizing a Markov model, this research employs land use and land cover (LULC) data from 1994, 2004, and 2015 to project future changes in 2025 and 2035 with an impressive 80% accuracy (kappa coefficient). The findings reveal a projected 6% increase in urban areas over the next decade and a notable 11.81% decline in rural lands, signifying a substantial urbanization trend. In response to these population-driven LULC dynamics, there is an urgent need for the implementation of sustainable land use planning and management solutions. Given the constraints of limited water resources in the region, this study also places emphasis on water resource management. Recommendations include measures such as restricting urban sprawl, preserving agricultural lands, managing population growth, and implementing water conservation strategies. These insights provide invaluable information for stakeholders in the Madaba Governorate, including policymakers and land use planners, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between regional water resources, population expansion, and land use changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Sarayrah
- Department of Geography, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Wissam Hayek
- Department of Geography, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Ahmed Thneibat
- Department of Geography, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Majed Ibrahim
- Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing Department, Earth and Environmental Science Faculty, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
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2
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Kumar M, Singh P, Singh P. Machine learning and GIS-RS-based algorithms for mapping the groundwater potentiality in the Bundelkhand region, India. ECOL INFORM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sellamuthu S, Joseph S, Gopalakrishnan S, Sekar S, Khan R, Shukla S. Appraisal of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation suitability using multivariate statistical approach in a rapidly developing urban area, Tirunelveli, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022:10.1007/s11356-022-23533-4. [PMID: 36331734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative and qualitative stress on groundwater resources has been witnessed across the globe. The current study assesses the groundwater quality of Tirunelveli district which faces the hazard of groundwater contamination through seepage of toxins, considering the open dumping of huge volumes of solid waste. The findings from this study confirmed the presence of more than 20% samples in the "poor to very poor" quality with high concentrations of TDS, Cl-, and NO3-, unfit for drinking, and other domestic purposes. The spatial distribution of TDS and NO3- highlighted the potential impact of solid waste dumping in the nearby landfill sites. K-means hierarchical clustering and multivariate analysis suggested that salinization and nitrate pollution was highly influenced by anthropogenic sources in comparison to geogenic sources. Rock water interaction and evaporation processes emerged as the two major dominant natural mechanisms controlling the groundwater chemistry. Four hydro-chemical facies were identified in the order of Ca-HCO3 > Ca-Mg-Cl > Na-Cl > mixed Ca-Na-HCO3. Thus, this study creates an urgent need of mitigation measures towards curbing and management of solid waste disposal and hence, the potential hazard of contaminant seepage into the groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Sellamuthu
- Centre for Geotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 034, Kerala, India
| | - Sabu Joseph
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 034, Kerala, India
| | - Sampath Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Statistics, Government Arts College, Chidambaram, 608 102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvam Sekar
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, 628004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramsha Khan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, UP, 225003, India
| | - Saurabh Shukla
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, UP, 225003, India.
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Stanly R, Yasala S, Nair NC, Subash A. Combined geospatial, geophysical and hydrochemical studies on coastal aquifer at Muttom-Mandaikadu area, Tamilnadu, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:72397-72416. [PMID: 35275369 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted in the Muttom-Mandaikadu coastal region, which is among the profitable coastal sectors in Tamil Nadu, to find the groundwater potential as well as its quality by an integrated geospatial, geophysical and geochemical approach. The GIS-based weighted overlay analysis was used to merge five thematic layers to create the groundwater potential zone map. The geophysical resistivity survey was performed in the study area at 26 stations by applying Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding technique. The observed data were inverted to develop a subsurface lithology model and its electrical properties using one-dimensional software AGI Earth Imager. The combined vertical electrical sounding result and remote sensing thematic maps have exposed the potential zone of groundwater in the study area. From the inferred results, it was observed that 20.8% of the area has ample groundwater potential and 7.7% of the area has scanty groundwater potential. The saltwater intrusion zone had been predicted by validating aquifer resistivity with Dar-Zarrouck (D-Z) parameter. From the geophysical and geochemical interpreted results, it was found that aquifers in 34.6% of the study area are vulnerable to saline contamination. The 4-D model with integrated groundwater quantity and quality suggests that the study area's Western part falls under excellent-to-good groundwater potential zone and excellent water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Stanly
- Centre for Geo-Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, 627012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivas Yasala
- Centre for Geo-Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, 627012, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Nithya C Nair
- Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Arunbose Subash
- Centre for Geo-Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, 627012, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ciampi P, Esposito C, Cassiani G, Deidda GP, Flores-Orozco A, Rizzetto P, Chiappa A, Bernabei M, Gardon A, Petrangeli Papini M. Contamination presence and dynamics at a polluted site: Spatial analysis of integrated data and joint conceptual modeling approach. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 248:104026. [PMID: 35605355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated sites are complex systems posing challenges for their characterization as both contaminant distribution and hydrogeological properties vary markedly at the metric scale, yet may extend over broad areas, with serious issues of spatial under-sampling in the space. Characterization with sufficient spatial resolution is thus, one of the main concerns and still open areas of research. To this end, the joint use of direct and indirect (i.e., geophysical) investigation methods is a very promising approach. This paper presents a case study aspiring to demonstrate the benefit of a multidisciplinary approach in the characterization of a hydrocarbon-contaminated site. Detailed multi-source data, collected via stratigraphic boreholes, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) surveys, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) prospecting, groundwater hydrochemical monitoring, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were compiled into an interactive big-data package for modeling activities. The final product is a comprehensive conceptual hydro-geophysical model overlapping multi-modality data and capturing hydrogeological and geophysical structures, as well as contamination distribution in space and dynamics in time. The convergence of knowledge in the joint model verifies the possibility of discriminating geophysical findings based on lithological features and contamination effects, unmasking the real characteristics of the pollutant, the contamination mechanisms, and the residual phase hydrocarbon sequestration linked to the hydrogeological dynamics and adopted remediation actions. The emerging conceptual site model (CSM), emphasizing the necessity of a large amount of multi-source data for its reliable, high-resolution reconstruction, appears as the necessary tool for the design of remedial actions, as well as for the monitoring of remediation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ciampi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; CERI Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Esposito
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; CERI Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Cassiani
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padua, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Gian Piero Deidda
- Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, via Marengo, 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
| | | | - Paolo Rizzetto
- Logistic Headquarter of Italian Air Force, Viale dell'Università, 4, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Chiappa
- Department of Technological Aerospace Materials-Flight Test Center of Italian Air Force, Pratica di Mare, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Manuele Bernabei
- Department of Technological Aerospace Materials-Flight Test Center of Italian Air Force, Pratica di Mare, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gardon
- Department of Technological Aerospace Materials-Flight Test Center of Italian Air Force, Pratica di Mare, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Petrangeli Papini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; CERI Research Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Krishnakumar A, Jose J, Kaliraj S, Aditya SK, Krishnan KA. Assessment of the impact of flood on groundwater hydrochemistry and its suitability for drinking and irrigation in the River Periyar Lower Basin, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:28267-28306. [PMID: 34988810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the consequences of Anthropocene climate changes, extremes of weather and climate disasters such as heavy precipitation, tropical cyclones, and floods, have strengthened in every region across the globe and are badly affecting the earth system processes. The climate change has a tremendous impact in the Western Ghats, the UNESCO heritage site in India, and has to be studied in detail. Floods are the most common (and among the most deadly) natural disasters bringing heavy destruction in the Western Ghat river basins of India, and the Periyar basin is one among them. The low-lying areas of Periyar river basin (RPLB) is one of the worst affected river basins in the 2018 Kerala floods. Since the basin was continuously monitoring, the groundwater quality has been assessed in Periyar basin during three periods (pre-flood, flood, and post-flood-April, August, and October 2018 respectively) and is described in this paper. Since the water table is shallow in RPLB, floodwaters quickly reach the groundwater table, thus influencing the groundwater quality. So, the groundwater samples were collected from 26 sites in RPLB, and analyzed for quality determining parameters. Parameters like pH, TDS, EC, TH, NH3-, NO2-, HCO3-, SO42-, SiO44-, Mg2+, and K+ decreased during flood compared to pre-flood times. On the other hand, Ca2+, Na, and Cl-, turbidity values were increased during flood times. The values of pH, TDS, EC, turbidity, NH3-, HCO3-, SO42-, SiO44-, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ were slightly increased in post-flood period compared to flood period. When compared to the pre-flood values, turbidity, NH3-, SO42-, Na+, and K+ were slightly increased in post-flood period. It was also observed that pH, TDS, EC, TH, NO2-, Cl-, HCO3-, SiO44-, PO43-, Ca2+, Mg2+, and E. coli values were higher in pre-flood periods compared to the post-flood scenario. Except pH, turbidity, and E. coli, the averages of all other parameters are falling under the recommended drinking quality values of WHO. The pH belongs to acidic nature throughout the study period. The Piper plot indicates the dominance of Ca-Mg-HCO3 type in pre-flood, and mixing of Ca-Mg-HCO3 type in both flood and post-flood periods. The Gibbs plot reveals that the concentration of elements is mainly depending on rock weathering and sub-surface water flow. The USSL plot depicted that the 92-96% of samples are noted as lower salinity and low sodium hazard at the source of C2S1 and C1S1; however, the 4-11% of samples are noted as high salinity but low sodium hazard at a source of C4S1 and C3S1. The Wilcox diagram indicates that the 88-96% of groundwater was found as higher suitability for irrigation during the study periods. Based on GIS based WQI model, out of the 26 samples studied, 69% of wells showed improvement in water quality after flood; meanwhile, 19% well water samples in flood were observed for lower quality compared to pre-flood times and 12% of samples remain unchanged during flood. Though floods are having positive and negative impacts, from this study, it is clear that quality of the groundwater in the RPLB is not severely affected, but they became diluted to permissible limits during flood and post-flood periods except some locations. Since the flood impact studies on groundwater systems are meager, this data from Periyar basin can be used as baseline groundwater reference data for all future flood-related river basin studies and will be very beneficial for the policy and planning needs in the context of climate change. It is high time to establish the baseline data of all river basins of Western Ghats since the normal earth system processes are worse affected by the recurrence of floods which are reporting every year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appukuttanpillai Krishnakumar
- National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India.
| | - Jeenu Jose
- National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Seenipandi Kaliraj
- National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Sanal Kumar Aditya
- National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Krishnan Anoop Krishnan
- National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
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Assessment of Groundwater Contamination Risk in Oilfield Drilling Sites Based on Groundwater Vulnerability, Pollution Source Hazard, and Groundwater Value Function in Yitong County. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oilfield drilling sites are the potential dispersive pollution source of groundwater, especially to shallow groundwater. The pollution risk assessment in these areas is an important reference for effective groundwater management and protection. The vulnerability assessment alone is not sufficient for groundwater contamination risk assessment. In this study, we developed a comprehensive groundwater pollution risk assessment method for oilfield drilling sites that combine groundwater vulnerability, pollution source hazard, and groundwater value function to produce a more comprehensive result. Consider the oilfield drilling area in Yitong County of Jilin Province, China, as an example. Thematic maps of the three aspects (groundwater vulnerability, pollution source hazard, and groundwater value function) were generated in ArcGIS environment to assess the contamination risk of groundwater in quaternary pore unconfined aquifer. The results show that 9.92% of the study area is characterized as being at high risk. These areas are mainly distributed around the center position of the oil drilling site, floodplains, and the reservoir. The moderate risk area accounts for 21.04% of the total area. It is distributed in the first-level terrace, mainly because of the high function value of groundwater. The remaining 69.04% of the study area is characterized as none and mild risk, mainly distributed in the valleys and terraces. This integrated groundwater contamination risk assessment method is suited for comparative assessment of multiple-point sources of contamination at a regional scale. Finally, the groundwater contamination risk grade distributed in this area provides a reference for effective protection and sustainable supply of groundwater in the oilfield drilling area.
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Sangadi P, Kuppan C, Ravinathan P. Effect of hydro-geochemical processes and saltwater intrusion on groundwater quality and irrigational suitability assessed by geo-statistical techniques in coastal region of eastern Andhra Pradesh, India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113390. [PMID: 35151074 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable management of groundwater needs comprehensive study on water quality in present scenario. Hence, an understanding on the hydro geochemistry, saltwater intrusion, spatiotemporal-seasonal variations and irrigational suitability of groundwater becomes a must, especially in coastal regions. Our study area is one such place where all the parameters play a major role against sustainable management. The study pointed out that majority of the samples is brackish with two notable geochemical facies for pre monsoon and post monsoon. Factor and cluster analyses revealed that EC, TDS, Na+, Cl-, Mg2+ and Ca2+ are the major contributors. Gibb's diagram supported the dominance of rock weathering and evaporation in controlling the groundwater chemistry. Sea water intrusion was mapped using HFE diagrams and the Irrigational suitability is studied using USSL, SAR, %Na, etc. The data and results from this study might provide crucial information to water management authorities in dealing groundwater scarcity and pollution problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poosalayya Sangadi
- Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (VFSTR), Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences and Humanities, Vadlamudi, Guntur, A.P, India
| | - Chandrasekar Kuppan
- Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (VFSTR), Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences and Humanities, Vadlamudi, Guntur, A.P, India.
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Khosravi K, Sartaj M, Karimi M, Levison J, Lotfi A. A GIS-based groundwater pollution potential using DRASTIC, modified DRASTIC, and bivariate statistical models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50525-50541. [PMID: 33961192 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study is groundwater vulnerability assessment using DRASTIC, modified DRASTIC, and three statistical bivariate models (frequency ratio (FR), evidential belief function (EBF), and weights-of-evidence (WOE)) for Sari-Behshahr plain, Iran. A total of 218 wells were sampled for nitrate concentration measurement in 2015. Datasets were generated using results from 109 wells having nitrate concentrations greater than 50 mg/L. The nitrate data were divided into two groups of 70% (76 locations as training dataset) for modeling and 30% (33 locations as a testing dataset) for model validation. Finally, five groundwater potential pollution (GPP) maps were produced by the training dataset and then evaluated using the testing dataset and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method. Results of the ROC method showed that the WOE model had the highest predictive power, followed by EBF, FR, modified DRASTIC, and DRASTIC models. Results of the maps obtained revealed that high and very high pollution potential covered the southern part of the study areas, where big cities are located. Results of the present study can be replicated in other locations for identifying groundwater contaminant prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khabat Khosravi
- Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Majid Sartaj
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mahshid Karimi
- Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Jana Levison
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Aghdas Lotfi
- Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
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Ahmed S, Qadir A, Khan MA, Khan T, Zafar M. Assessment of groundwater intrinsic vulnerability using GIS-based DRASTIC method in District Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:487. [PMID: 34245365 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The stress on the freshwater resources of the planet earth has led the United Nations to add a goal regarding clean water in sustainable development goals list in order to address the global availability of clean water. The widespread use of fertilizers and industrial effluents caused the groundwater contamination in the Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. To investigate and assess the vulnerability of groundwater to contamination, geographic information system (GIS)-based DRASTIC model has been employed. The DRASTIC index values lie between 88 and 190. The lower the DI value, the lower will be the susceptibility towards pollution and vice versa. The indices were classified into five zones, i.e., low (< 109), medium (110-129), moderate (130-149), high (150-169), and very high vulnerable zones (> 170) on the basis of equal intervals. The low vulnerable zone covers almost 6% of the study area, i.e., 118 km2. Medium vulnerable zone encompasses an area of approximately 23%, i.e., 506 km2. The moderate vulnerable zone is the largest in the district covering almost 965 km2, approximately 45% of the study area. The high and very high vulnerable zone encompasses almost 23% and 3% of the study area which means 506 km2 and 66 km2 respectively. A spatial distribution map was generated for nitrate concentration to validate the DRASTIC indices. The results demonstrate a fair relation between groundwater susceptibility and spatial nitrate distribution. This index map will provide a baseline study for this area to develop the safe zones for groundwater exploitation and controlling the current state of deterioration of environmental norms. The areas of high vulnerability are the firsthand task to improve the current situation of crisis especially in the southern parts such as the Hattar industrial area and its surroundings drained by those effluents. These further need specific tasks to restore and reclaim the polluted ecosystem by using proper technological solutions for disposal of these effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Ahmed
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University, E-8, Shangrilla Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Qadir
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Ali Khan
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University, E-8, Shangrilla Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Tahseenullah Khan
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University, E-8, Shangrilla Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University, E-8, Shangrilla Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ciampi P, Esposito C, Cassiani G, Deidda GP, Rizzetto P, Papini MP. A field-scale remediation of residual light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL): chemical enhancers for pump and treat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35286-35296. [PMID: 34085199 PMCID: PMC8275505 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil and groundwater is a challenging task. The petroleum hydrocarbons have a long persistence in both the vadose zone and in the aquifer and potentially represent secondary and residual sources of contamination. This is particularly evident in the presence of residual free-phase. Pump-and-treat is the most common hydrocarbon decontamination strategy. Besides, it acts primarily on the water dissolved phase and reduces concentrations of contaminants to an asymptotic trend. This study presents a case of enhanced light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) remediation monitored using noninvasive techniques. A pilot-scale field experiment was conducted through the injection of reagents into the subsoil to stimulate the desorption and the oxidation of residual hydrocarbons. Geophysical and groundwater monitoring during pilot testing controlled the effectiveness of the intervention, both in terms of product diffusion capacity and in terms of effective reduction of pollutant concentrations. In particular, non-invasive monitoring of the reagent migration and its capability to reach the target areas is a major add-on to the remediation technique. Most of the organic contaminants were decomposed, mobilized, and subsequently removed using physical recovery techniques. A considerable mass of contaminant was recovered resulting in the reduction of concentrations in the intervention areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ciampi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Esposito
- Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cassiani
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padua, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Gian Piero Deidda
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, via Marengo, 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Rizzetto
- Italian Air Force, Logistic Headquarter Viale dell’Università, 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Petrangeli Papini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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High background radiation places and spatial distribution of uranium in groundwater of monazite placer deposit in Kanniyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Aboelkhair H, Embaby AA, Mesalam M. Contribution of ASTER-TIR indices with geophysical and geospatial data for groundwater prospecting in El-Qaa plain area, Southern Sinai, Egypt. ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 2020; 13:1107. [DOI: 10.1007/s12517-020-06128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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14
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Modified Index-Overlay Method to Assess Spatial–Temporal Variations of Groundwater Vulnerability and Groundwater Contamination Risk in Areas with Variable Activities of Agriculture Developments. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The groundwater vulnerability (GV) assessment for contamination is an effective technique for the planning, policy, and decision-making, as well as for sustainable groundwater resource protection and management. The GV depends strongly on local hydrogeological settings and land-use conditions that may vary in response to the activities of agricultural development. In this study, a modified DRASTIC model, which employs an additional factor of land use coupled with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) theory, was used to quantify the spatial and temporal variation of GV and groundwater contamination risk in the Pingtung groundwater basin. The results show that the GV slightly decreased due to the decrease in agricultural areas under the change of land use over two decades (1995–2017). The yearly changes or a shorter period of observations incorporated with the accurate land-use map in DRASTIC parameters could improve GV maps to obtain a better representation of site-specific conditions. Meanwhile, the maps of yearly contamination risk indicated that the counties of Jiuru and Ligang are at high risk of nitrate pollution since 2016. In other agriculture-dominated regions such as Yanpu, Changzhi, and Gaoshu in the Pingtung groundwater basin, the climate conditions influence less the temporal variations of groundwater contamination risk. The results of this study are expected to support policy-makers to adopt the strategies of sustainable development for groundwater resources in local areas.
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An Integrated Approach Supporting Remediation of an Aquifer Contaminated with Chlorinated Solvents by a Combination of Adsorption and Biodegradation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9204318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogeological uniqueness and chemical-physical peculiarities guide the contamination dynamics and decontamination mechanisms in the environmental arena. A single composite geodatabase, which integrates geological/hydrological, geophysical, and chemical data, acts as a “cockpit” in the definition of a conceptual model, design of a remediation strategy, implementation, near-real-time monitoring, and validation/revision of a pilot test, and monitoring full-scale interventions. The selected remediation strategy involves the creation of "reactive" zones capable of reducing the concentration of chlorinated solvents in groundwater through the combined action of adsorption on micrometric activated carbon, which is injected into the aquifer, and degradation of organic contaminants, stimulating the dechlorinating biological activity by the addition of an electron donor. The technology is verified through a pilot test, to evaluate the possibility of scaling up the process. The results of post-treatment monitoring reveal abatement of the concentration of chlorinated solvents and intense biological dechlorination activity. Achieving the remediation objectives and project closure is based on the integration of multidisciplinary data using a multiscale approach. This research represents the first completed example in European territory of remediation of an aquifer contaminated with chlorinated solvents by a combination of adsorption and biodegradation.
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Hydrogeochemical Model Supporting the Remediation Strategy of a Highly Contaminated Industrial Site. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Delineation and understanding the geology and the hydrogeology of a contaminated site, considering its chemical and its biological aspects, are fundamental requirements for successful environmental remediation. The aim of this research is to provide some evidence about the effectiveness of a hydrogeochemical geodatabase to facilitate the integrated management, representation and analysis of heterogeneous data, enabling the appropriate selection, design and optimization of an effective remediation strategy. This study investigates a new technology for the remediation of a dense non-aqueous phase liquid aged source zone, with the aim of enhancing in situ bioremediation by coupling groundwater circulation wells with a continuous production system of electron donors. The technology was verified through a pilot test carried out at an industrial site highly contaminated by chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The multidisciplinary conceptual model confirmed a complex hydrogeological situation, with the occurrence of active residual sources in low permeability layers. The pilot test results clearly demonstrate a significant mobilization of contaminants from the low permeability zone, and the possibility of favoring the in situ natural attenuation mechanisms based upon biological reductive dechlorination. Different information related to the hydrogeochemical sphere must be integrated and taken into consideration when developing a reliable remediation strategy for contaminated sites.
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Seenipandi K, Nainarpandian C, Kandathil RK, Sellamuthu S. Seawater intrusion vulnerability in the coastal aquifers of southern India-an appraisal of the GALDIT model, parameters' sensitivity, and hydrochemical indicators. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9755-9784. [PMID: 30729440 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An appraisal of seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifers is one of the major issues for groundwater resource management. The GALDIT model applies to the analysis of multiple parameters using systematic GIS techniques for mapping and assessment of seawater intrusion vulnerability. It demarcates the mapping of potential vulnerability that shows a higher vulnerability to seawater intrusion in various parts of the coast and the estimated vulnerability index value of 7.50 and 9.64. An area of 33.0 km2 spread in the low-lying coastal area comprising estuaries, salt marshes, and saltpans shows the high vulnerability condition with an estimated vulnerability value of 6.42-7.50. An area of 73.20 km2 spread over coastal and alluvial plains experiences moderate vulnerability (temporal salinity in the groundwater sources) with an estimated vulnerability index value of 5.46-6.42. Aquifers underlying coastal uplands (hard rock formations) and some parts of accretionary beaches (2.05 km2) are relatively protected fresh groundwater sources, wherein the estimated vulnerability index is 4.55-5.46. The vulnerability mapping of the GALDIT model using hydrochemical analysis of primary groundwater parameters such as TDS, Cl-, HCO3, and Cl-/HCO3 ratio is validated. Higher concentration of TDS (2637-4162 mg/l) and Cl- (1268-2347 mg/l) is taken for the areas falling under higher vulnerability to seawater intrusion, especially in the placer mining sites and coastal areas facing erosion. Similarly, the groundwater sources of the low-lying areas including estuaries, salt marshes, saltpans, and backwater were noted to have higher values of Cl-/HCO3 with a rationality of 9.87-12.18. Hydrological facies shows the highest concentration of NaCl in the groundwater sources within the proximity of eroded beaches, saltwater bodies, and sand mining areas. A hydrochemical facies evolution (HFE) diagram represents the hydrochemical facies of groundwater elements that shows an intrusion of seawater into the coastal aquifers underlying the very high vulnerable zones. Higher bicarbonate concentration (233-318 mg/l) is noticed in the upland areas and some parts of dunes and accreted beaches, sandy coasts, and uplands. Vulnerability analysis reveals that those areas near saltwater bodies and eroding coasts are prone to lateral and vertical diffusion of saltwater. The geodatabase developed through such modeling studies can help in planning and developing activities for sustainable groundwater resource management in coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliraj Seenipandi
- Central Geomatics Laboratory (CGL), National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, India.
| | - Chandrasekar Nainarpandian
- Centre for GeoTechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627012, India
- Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, 627003, India
| | - Ramachandran Kizhur Kandathil
- Central Geomatics Laboratory (CGL), National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, India
| | - Selvakumar Sellamuthu
- Centre for GeoTechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627012, India
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A Flood Risk Assessment Model for Companies and Criteria for Governmental Decision-Making to Minimize Hazards. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9112005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sadat-Noori M, Ebrahimi K. Groundwater vulnerability assessment in agricultural areas using a modified DRASTIC model. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:19. [PMID: 26650205 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination is a major concern for groundwater resource managers worldwide. We evaluated groundwater pollution potential by producing a vulnerability map of an aquifer using a modified Depth to water, Net recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone, and Hydraulic conductivity (DRASTIC) model within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The proposed modification which incorporated the use of statistical techniques optimizes the rating function of the DRASTIC model parameters, to obtain a more accurate vulnerability map. The new rates were computed using the relationships between the parameters and point data chloride concentrations in groundwater. The model was applied on Saveh-Nobaran plain in central Iran, and results showed that the coefficient of determination (R (2)) between the point data and the relevant vulnerability map increased significantly from 0.52 to 0.78 after modification. As compared to the original DRASTIC model, the modified version produced better vulnerability zonation. Additionally, single-parameter and parameter removal sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the relative importance of each DRASTIC parameter. The results from both analyses revealed that the vadose zone is the most sensitive parameter influencing the variability of the aquifers' vulnerability index. Based on the results, for non-point source pollution in agricultural areas, using the modified DRASTIC model is efficient compared to the original model. The proposed method can be effective for future groundwater assessment and plain-land management where agricultural activities are dominant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Sadat-Noori
- Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Kumars Ebrahimi
- Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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