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Soares de Sá BC, Moredo LF, Torrezan GT, Fidalgo F, de Araújo ÉSS, Formiga MN, Duprat JP, Carraro DM. Characterization of Potential Melanoma Predisposition Genes in High-Risk Brazilian Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15830. [PMID: 37958811 PMCID: PMC10649559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased genetic risk for melanoma can occur in the context of germline pathogenic variants in high-penetrance genes, such as CDKN2A and CDK4, risk variants in low- to moderate-penetrance genes (MC1R and MITF), and possibly due to variants in emerging genes, such as ACD, TERF2IP, and TERT. We aimed to identify germline variants in high- and low- to moderate-penetrance melanoma risk genes in Brazilian patients with clinical criteria for familial melanoma syndrome. We selected patients with three or more melanomas or melanoma patients from families with three tumors (melanoma and pancreatic cancer) in first- or second-degree relatives. Genetic testing was performed with a nine-gene panel (ACD, BAP1, CDK4, CDKN2A, POT1, TERT, TERF2IP, MC1R, and MITF). In 36 patients, we identified 2 (5.6%) with germline pathogenic variants in CDKN2A and BAP1 and 4 (11.1%) with variants of uncertain significance in the high-penetrance genes. MC1R variants were found in 86.5%, and both red hair color variants and unknown risk variants were enriched in patients compared to a control group. The low frequency of germline pathogenic variants in the high-penetrance genes and the high prevalence of MC1R variants found in our cohort show the importance of the MC1R genotype in determining the risk of melanoma in the Brazilian melanoma-prone families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Costa Soares de Sá
- Skin Cancer Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01529-001, Brazil; (B.C.S.d.S.); (L.F.M.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Luciana Facure Moredo
- Skin Cancer Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01529-001, Brazil; (B.C.S.d.S.); (L.F.M.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Giovana Tardin Torrezan
- Clinical and Functional Genomics Group, International Research Center/CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 440 Taguá St., São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (G.T.T.); (F.F.); (É.S.S.d.A.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, 440 Taguá St., São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fidalgo
- Clinical and Functional Genomics Group, International Research Center/CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 440 Taguá St., São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (G.T.T.); (F.F.); (É.S.S.d.A.)
| | - Érica Sara Souza de Araújo
- Clinical and Functional Genomics Group, International Research Center/CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 440 Taguá St., São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (G.T.T.); (F.F.); (É.S.S.d.A.)
| | | | - João Pereira Duprat
- Skin Cancer Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01529-001, Brazil; (B.C.S.d.S.); (L.F.M.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Dirce Maria Carraro
- Clinical and Functional Genomics Group, International Research Center/CIPE, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, 440 Taguá St., São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (G.T.T.); (F.F.); (É.S.S.d.A.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, 440 Taguá St., São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
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Oh KS, Mahalingam M. Melanoma and Glioblastoma-Not a Serendipitous Association. Adv Anat Pathol 2023; 30:00125480-990000000-00051. [PMID: 36624550 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we came across a patient with malignant melanoma and primary glioblastoma. Given this, we parsed the literature to ascertain the relationship, if any, between these 2 malignancies. We begin with a brief overview of melanoma and glioma in isolation followed by a chronologic overview of case reports and epidemiologic studies documenting both neoplasms. This is followed by studies detailing genetic abnormalities common to both malignancies with a view to identifying unifying genetic targets for therapeutic strategies as well as to explore the possibility of a putative association and an inherited cancer susceptibility trait. From a scientific perspective, we believe we have provided evidence favoring an association between melanoma and glioma. Future studies that include documentation of additional cases, as well as a detailed molecular analyses, will lend credence to our hypothesis that the co-occurrence of these 2 conditions is likely not serendipitous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Shing Oh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL
| | - Meera Mahalingam
- Dermatopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA-Integrated-Service-Network-1 (VISN1), West Roxbury, MA
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Fidalgo F, Torrezan GT, de Sá BCS, Barros BDDF, Moredo LF, Valieris R, de Souza SJ, Duprat JP, Krepischi ACV, Carraro DM. Family-based whole-exome sequencing identifies rare variants potentially related to cutaneous melanoma predisposition in Brazilian melanoma-prone families. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262419. [PMID: 35085295 PMCID: PMC8794197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition accounts for nearly 10% of all melanoma cases and has been associated with a dozen moderate- to high-penetrance genes, including CDKN2A, CDK4, POT1 and BAP1. However, in most melanoma-prone families, the genetic etiology of cancer predisposition remains undetermined. The goal of this study was to identify rare genomic variants associated with cutaneous melanoma susceptibility in melanoma-prone families. Whole-exome sequencing was performed in 2 affected individuals of 5 melanoma-prone families negative for mutations in CDKN2A and CDK4, the major cutaneous melanoma risk genes. A total of 288 rare coding variants shared by the affected relatives of each family were identified, including 7 loss-of-function variants. By performing in silico analyses of gene function, biological pathways, and variant pathogenicity prediction, we underscored the putative role of several genes for melanoma risk, including previously described genes such as MYO7A and WRN, as well as new putative candidates, such as SERPINB4, HRNR, and NOP10. In conclusion, our data revealed rare germline variants in melanoma-prone families contributing with a novel set of potential candidate genes to be further investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fidalgo
- Genomics and Molecular Biology Group, International Research Center/CIPE, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana Tardin Torrezan
- Genomics and Molecular Biology Group, International Research Center/CIPE, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation (INCITO), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Renan Valieris
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, International Research Center, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro J. de Souza
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation (INCITO), São Paulo, Brazil
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dirce Maria Carraro
- Genomics and Molecular Biology Group, International Research Center/CIPE, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation (INCITO), São Paulo, Brazil
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Molecular landscape of Hereditary Melanoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 164:103425. [PMID: 34245855 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is considered the most lethal skin cancer and its incidence has increased during the past decades. About 10 % of cases are classified as hereditary melanoma. Genetic predisposition usually manifests itself clinically as early onset and multiple cutaneous melanomas. Several genes have been identified as involved to melanoma susceptibility, some of them still with unknown clinical relevance. Beyond melanoma, the affected families are also more prone to develop other malignancies, such as pancreatic cancer. The identification of risk families and involved genes is of great importance, since different forms of oncological surveillance are recommended. However, well established guidelines to standardize both the selection of individuals and the genetic panel to be requested are still lacking. Given the importance of the genetic counseling and testing in the context of clinical suspicion of hereditary melanoma, this paper aims to review the literature regarding genetic panel indications worldwide.
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A Single Center Retrospective Review of Patients from Central Italy Tested for Melanoma Predisposition Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249432. [PMID: 33322357 PMCID: PMC7763813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is one of the most common skin cancers worldwide. CMM pathogenesis involves genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies have led to the identification of new genes involved in CMM susceptibility: beyond CDKN2A and CDK4, BAP1, POT1, and MITF were recently identified as potential high-risk melanoma susceptibility genes. This study is aimed to evaluate the genetic predisposition to CMM in patients from central Italy. From 1998 to 2017, genetic testing was performed in 888 cases with multiple primary melanoma and/or familial melanoma. Genetic analyses included the sequencing CDKN2A, CDK4, BAP1, POT1, and MITF in 202 cases, and of only CDKN2A and CDK4 codon 24 in 686 patients. By the evaluation of the personal and familial history, patients were divided in two clinical categories: “low significance” and “high significance” cases. 128 patients (72% belonging to the “high significance” category, 28% belonging to the “low significance” category) were found to carry a DNA change defined as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, variant of unknown significance (VUS)-favoring pathogenic or VUS. It is important to verify the genetic predisposition in CMM patients for an early diagnosis of further melanomas and/or other tumors associated with the characterized genotype.
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CDKN2A Polymorphism in Melanoma Patients in Colombian Population: A Case-Control Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7458917. [PMID: 33102592 PMCID: PMC7576359 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7458917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, with poor prognosis in advanced stages. The incidence and mortality rates have increased in recent years. Single nucleotide polymorphisms p.R24P, p.M53I, p.G101W, p.V126D, and p.A148T in the CDKN2A (HGNC ID: 1787) gene have been associated with the development of melanoma in different populations; however, this association has not been studied in Colombia. Methods Cutaneous melanoma patients and healthy controls (85 cases and 166 controls) were included in this study. These subjects were screened through HRM-qPCR assay and detected variants in exon 1 and 2 of CDKN2A gene and confirmed with Sanger sequencing. Chi-square test was used to compare allele and genotype distributions between cases and controls. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to determine the association between polymorphisms and haplotypes with melanoma susceptibility. Statistical and haplotype analyses were performed using Stata® and R-Studio®. Results Fifty-four percent of women were identified both in cases and controls. The frequencies of melanoma subtypes were 36,47% lentigo maligna, 24,71% acral lentiginous, 23,53% superficial extension, and 15,29% nodular. Variants in the CDKN2A gene were 11.76% in cases and 8.43% in controls. The most frequent was p.A148T in 5.88% of cases and in 4.82% of controls. GGTTG haplotype showed statistically significant differences between cases and controls (p value = 0.04). Conclusion CDKN2A polymorphisms p.G101W, p.R24P, p.M53I, and A148T are not associated with melanoma susceptibility in the Colombian population; further studies regarding genetic interaction and additive effects between more variants are required.
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Alam MNU. Computational assessment of somatic and germline mutations of p16INK4a: Structural insights and implications in disease. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2019.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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de Sá BCS, Moredo LF, Gomes EE, de Araújo ESS, Duprat JP. Hereditary melanoma: a five-year study of Brazilian patients in a cancer referral center - phenotypic characteristics of probands and pathological features of primary tumors. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 93:337-340. [PMID: 29924249 PMCID: PMC6001076 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20186201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately five to 10% of all melanomas occur in families with hereditary predisposition and the main high-risk melanoma susceptibility gene is the CDKN2A. OBJECTIVES To describe, after a five-years study, the clinical data of patients (probands) from familial melanoma kindreds, and the pathological characteristics of their melanoma. METHODS The inclusion criteria were melanoma patients with a family history of melanoma or pancreatic cancer (first- or second-degree relatives) or patients with multiple primary melanomas (MPM). RESULTS A total of 124 probands were studied, where 64 were considered familial cases and 60 MPM. Mean age at diagnosis was 50 years. Our results show that the following characteristics were prevalent: skin phototype I/II (89.5%), sunburn during childhood (85.5%), total number of nevi ≥50 (56.5%), Breslow thickness ≤1.0mm (70.2%), tumors located on the trunk (53.2%) and superficial spreading melanomas (70.2%). STUDY LIMITATIONS Analyses of probands' relatives will be demonstrated in future publication. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are in agreement with previous familial melanomas reports. Fifteen new melanomas in 11 patients were diagnosed during follow up, all of which were ≤1.0 mm. This is the largest dataset of Brazilian melanoma prone kindreds to date, thus providing a complete database for future genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elimar Elias Gomes
- Skin Cancer Department, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São
Paulo (SP), Brazil
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Grander LC, Cabral F, Lisboa AP, Vale G, Barcaui CB, Maceira JMP. Multiple cutaneous melanomas associated with gastric and brain metastases. An Bras Dermatol 2017; 91:98-100. [PMID: 28300909 PMCID: PMC5325008 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of multiple primary melanomas in a single individual is rare. Most
commonly, malignant melanocytic lesions subsequent to the initial diagnosis of
melanoma are secondary cutaneous metastases. We report a patient with
gastrointestinal bleeding from gastric metastasis of cutaneous melanoma. During
clinical evaluation and staging, we discovered a brain metastasis associated
with 3 synchronous primary cutaneous melanomas. We suggest the research on the
mutation in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) (INK4a) in such
cases. We also emphasize the importance of clinical examination and dermoscopy
of the entire tegument, even after a malignant melanocytic lesion is
identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Cabral
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juan Manuel Pineiro Maceira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
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Fidalgo F, Rodrigues TC, Silva AG, Facure L, de Sá BCS, Duprat JP, Achatz MI, Rosenberg C, Carraro DM, Krepischi ACV. Role of rare germline copy number variation in melanoma-prone patients. Future Oncol 2016; 12:1345-57. [PMID: 27020340 DOI: 10.2217/fon.16.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This work evaluates a possible causative role for germline copy number variants (CNVs) in melanoma predisposition. PATIENTS & METHODS A total of 41 melanoma-prone Brazilian patients were investigated for CNVs using 850K single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. RESULTS Ten rare CNVs were identified in nine patients, comprising 54 known genes, mostly related to cancer. In silico analyses revealed gene enrichment for cellular development and growth, and proliferation, highlighting five genes directly associated with the melanoma phenotype (ANGPT1, IDH1, PDE5A, HIST1H1B and GCNT2). CONCLUSION Patients harboring rare CNVs exhibited a decreased age of disease onset, in addition to an overall higher skin cancer predisposition. Our findings suggest that rare CNVs contribute to melanoma susceptibility, and should be taken into account when investigating cancer risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fidalgo
- International Research Center, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Cristina Rodrigues
- Department of Genetics & Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Gonçalves Silva
- Department of Genetics & Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Facure
- Department of Skin Cancer, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carla Rosenberg
- Department of Genetics & Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Characterization of individuals at high risk of developing melanoma in Latin America: bases for genetic counseling in melanoma. Genet Med 2015; 18:727-36. [PMID: 26681309 PMCID: PMC4940430 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: CDKN2A is the main high-risk melanoma-susceptibility gene, but it has been poorly assessed in Latin America. We sought to analyze CDKN2A and MC1R in patients from Latin America with familial and sporadic multiple primary melanoma (SMP) and compare the data with those for patients from Spain to establish bases for melanoma genetic counseling in Latin America. Genet Med18 7, 727–736. Methods: CDKN2A and MC1R were sequenced in 186 Latin American patients from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Uruguay, and in 904 Spanish patients. Clinical and phenotypic data were obtained. Genet Med18 7, 727–736. Results: Overall, 24 and 14% of melanoma-prone families in Latin America and Spain, respectively, had mutations in CDKN2A. Latin American families had CDKN2A mutations more frequently (P = 0.014) than Spanish ones. Of patients with SMP, 10% of those from Latin America and 8.5% of those from Spain had mutations in CDKN2A (P = 0.623). The most recurrent CDKN2A mutations were c.-34G>T and p.G101W. Latin American patients had fairer hair (P = 0.016) and skin (P < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of MC1R variants (P = 0.003) compared with Spanish patients. Genet Med18 7, 727–736. Conclusion: The inclusion criteria for genetic counseling of melanoma in Latin America may be the same criteria used in Spain, as suggested in areas with low to medium incidence, SMP with at least two melanomas, or families with at least two cases among first- or second-degree relatives. Genet Med18 7, 727–736.
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Potrony M, Badenas C, Aguilera P, Puig-Butille JA, Carrera C, Malvehy J, Puig S. Update in genetic susceptibility in melanoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:210. [PMID: 26488006 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.08.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most deadly of the common skin cancers and its incidence is rapidly increasing. Approximately 10% of cases occur in a familial context. To date, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), which was identified as the first melanoma susceptibility gene more than 20 years ago, is the main high-risk gene for melanoma. A few years later cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) was also identified as a melanoma susceptibility gene. The technologic advances have allowed the identification of new genes involved in melanoma susceptibility: Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) associated protein 1 (BAP1), CXC genes, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), protection of telomeres 1 (POT1), ACD and TERF2IP, the latter four being involved in telomere maintenance. Furthermore variants in melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) give a moderately increased risk to develop melanoma. Melanoma genetic counseling is offered to families in order to better understand the disease and the genetic susceptibility of developing it. Genetic counseling often implies genetic testing, although patients can benefit from genetic counseling even when they do not fulfill the criteria for these tests. Genetic testing for melanoma predisposition mutations can be used in clinical practice under adequate selection criteria and giving a valid test interpretation and genetic counseling to the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Potrony
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Badenas
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Aguilera
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Anton Puig-Butille
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- 1 Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; 2 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain ; 3 Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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DNA Methylation Levels of Melanoma Risk Genes Are Associated with Clinical Characteristics of Melanoma Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:376423. [PMID: 26106605 PMCID: PMC4461735 DOI: 10.1155/2015/376423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In melanoma development, oncogenic process is mediated by genetic and epigenetic mutations, and few studies have so far explored the role of DNA methylation either as predisposition factor or biomarker. We tested patient samples for germline CDKN2A methylation status and found no evidence of inactivation by promoter hypermethylation. We have also investigated the association of clinical characteristics of samples with the DNA methylation pattern of twelve genes relevant for melanomagenesis. Five genes (BAP1, MGMT, MITF, PALB2, and POT1) presented statistical association between blood DNA methylation levels and either CDKN2A-mutation status, number of lesions, or Breslow thickness. In tumors, five genes (KIT, MGMT, MITF, TERT, and TNF) exhibited methylation levels significantly different between tumor groups including acral compared to nonacral melanomas and matched primary lesions and metastases. Our data pinpoint that the methylation level of eight melanoma-associated genes could potentially represent markers for this disease both in peripheral blood and in tumor samples.
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Genome-wide DNA methylation profile of leukocytes from melanoma patients with and without CDKN2A mutations. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:425-32. [PMID: 25236571 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer, accounting for up to 75% of skin cancer deaths. A small proportion of melanoma cases can be ascribed to the presence of highly penetrant germline mutations, and approximately 40% of hereditary melanoma cases are caused by CDKN2A mutations. The current study sought to investigate whether the presence of germline CDKN2A mutations or the occurrence of cutaneous melanoma would result in constitutive genome-wide DNA methylation changes. The leukocyte methylomes of two groups of melanoma patients (those with germline CDKN2A mutations and those without CDKN2A mutations) were analyzed together with the profile of a control group of individuals. A pattern of DNA hypomethylation was detected in the CDKN2A-negative patients relative to both CDKN2A-mutated patients and controls. Additionally, we delineated a panel of 90 CpG sites that were differentially methylated in CDKN2A-mutated patients relative to controls. Although we identified a possible constitutive epigenetic signature in CDKN2A-mutated patients, the occurrence of reported SNPs at the detected CpG sites complicated the data interpretation. Thus, further studies are required to elucidate the impact of these findings on melanoma predisposition and their possible effect on the penetrance of CDKN2A mutations.
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