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Vélez EJ, Azizi S, Lutfi E, Capilla E, Moya A, Navarro I, Fernández-Borràs J, Blasco J, Gutiérrez J. Moderate and sustained exercise modulates muscle proteolytic and myogenic markers in gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R643-R653. [PMID: 28228414 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00308.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Swimming activity primarily accelerates growth in fish by increasing protein synthesis and energy efficiency. The role of muscle in this process is remarkable and especially important in teleosts, where muscle represents a high percentage of body weight and because many fish species present continuous growth. The aim of this work was to characterize the effects of 5 wk of moderate and sustained swimming in gene and protein expression of myogenic regulatory factors, proliferation markers, and proteolytic molecules in two muscle regions (anterior and caudal) of gilthead sea bream fingerlings. Western blot results showed an increase in the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), proteolytic system members calpain 1 and cathepsin D, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR data showed that exercise increased the gene expression of proteases (calpains, cathepsins, and members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the anterior muscle region) and the gene expression of the proliferation marker PCNA and the myogenic factor MyoD in the caudal area compared with control fish. Overall, these data suggest a differential response of the two muscle regions during swimming adaptation, with tissue remodeling and new vessel formation occurring in the anterior muscle and enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation occurring in the caudal area. In summary, the present study contributes to improving the knowledge of the role of proteolytic molecules and other myogenic factors in the adaptation of muscle to moderate sustained swimming in gilthead sea bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J Vélez
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sheida Azizi
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmail Lutfi
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Moya
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Fernández-Borràs
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Blasco
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ahmad R, Hasnain AU. Peptide mapping of polymorphic myosin heavy chain isoforms in different muscle types of some freshwater teleosts. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:721-731. [PMID: 23086608 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A modified SDS-PAGE system has been employed to resolve polymorphic myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms in different muscle types of three freshwater teleosts displaying different modes of respiration, adaptive features and life styles. Investigated species include accessory air-breather Channa punctata along with exclusive aquatic breather major carps Labeo rohita and Catla catla. All the selected species show specificity and expressivity of at least three MyHC isoforms, one each in red, head and pectoral muscles. Chymotryptic peptide maps unambiguously support substructural individuality of each MyHC isoforms with the type-specific dispersal of chymotryptic cleavage sites. Specific Ca(2+)- and Mg(2+)-ATPase activities of natural actomyosin (NAM) of lateral line red muscle of C. punctata were low and less sensitive to pH, but sensitive to KCl concentrations between 0.05 and 0.15 M. In comparison, the specific enzymatic activities of NAM of red muscle from the carps (L. rohita and C. catla) were substantially high with prominent peaks at pH 7.5 and near insensitivity to 0.05-0.15 M KCl, while C. punctata had shown a different response at these molarities. Thus, the data favor a correlation between breathing modes and life style and the differences in pH or ionic strength sensitivities of ATPases. Unique profiles of peptide maps and the dispersal patterns of hydrophobic residues (cleavage sites of chymotrypsin) in MyHC of different muscle types further reflect individuality of their evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaz Ahmad
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India.
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de Vareilles M, Conceição LEC, Gómez-Requeni P, Kousoulaki K, Richard N, Rodrigues PM, Fladmark KE, Rønnestad I. Dietary lysine imbalance affects muscle proteome in zebrafish (Danio rerio): a comparative 2D-DIGE study. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 14:643-654. [PMID: 22580902 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-012-9462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lysine (Lys) is an indispensable amino acid (AA) and generally the first limiting AA in vegetable protein sources in fish feeds. Inadequate dietary Lys availability may limit protein synthesis, accretion and growth of fish. This experiment aimed to further elucidate the role of Lys imbalance on growth by examining the myotomal muscle proteome of juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio). Quadruplicate groups of 8 fish were fed either a low-Lys [Lys(-), 1.34 g kg(-1)], medium/control (Lys, 2.47 g kg(-1)) or high-Lys [Lys(+), 4.63 g kg(-1)] diet. Fish growth was monitored from 33 to 49 days post-fertilization (dpf) and trunk myotomal muscle proteome of Lys(-) and Lys(+) treatments were screened by 2D-DIGE and MALDI ToF tandem mass spectrometry. Growth rate was negatively affected by diet Lys(-). Out of 527 ± 11 (mean ± S.E.M.) protein spots detected (∼10-150 kDa and 4-7 pI value), 30 were over-expressed and 22 under-expressed in Lys(-) fish (|fold-change| >1.2, p value <0.05). Higher myosin light chains abundance and other myofibrillar proteins in Lys(-) fish pointed to increased sarcomeric degradation, indicating a higher protein turnover for supplying basal energy-saving metabolism rather than growth and muscle protein accretion. The Lys deficiency also possibly induced a higher feeding activity, reflected in the over-expression of beta enolase and mitochondrial ATP synthase. Contrarily, in the faster growing fish [Lys(+)], over-expression of apolipoprotein A-I, F-actin capping protein and Pdlim7 point to increased energy storage as fat and enhanced muscle growth, particularly by mosaic hyperplasia. Thus using an exploratory approach, this study pinpoints interesting candidates for further elucidating the role of dietary Lys on growth of juvenile fish.
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Martin-Perez M, Fernandez-Borras J, Ibarz A, Millan-Cubillo A, Felip O, de Oliveira E, Blasco J. New insights into fish swimming: a proteomic and isotopic approach in gilthead sea bream. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:3533-47. [PMID: 22681184 DOI: 10.1021/pr3002832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Moderate exercise enhances fish growth, although underlying physiological mechanisms are not fully known. Here we performed a proteomic and metabolic study in white (WM) and red (RM) muscle of gilthead sea bream juveniles swimming at 1.5 body lengths per second. Continuous swimming for four weeks enhanced fish growth without increasing food intake. Exercise affected muscle energy stores by decreasing lipid and glycogen contents in WM and RM, respectively. Protein synthesis capacity (RNA/protein), energy use (estimated by lipid-δ(13)C and glycogen-δ(13)C), and enzymatic aerobic capacity increased in WM, while protein turnover (expressed by δ(15)N-fractionation) did not change. RM showed no changes in any of these parameters. 2D-PAGE analysis showed that almost 15% of sarcoplasmic protein spots from WM and RM differed in response to exercise, most being over-expressed in WM and under-expressed in RM. Protein identification by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS revealed exercise-induced enhancement of several pathways in WM (carbohydrate catabolism, protein synthesis, muscle contraction, and detoxification) and under-expression of others in RM (energy production, muscle contraction, and homeostatic processes). The mechanism underpinning the phenotypic response to exercise sheds light on the adaptive processes of fish muscles, being the sustained-moderate swimming induced in gilthead sea bream achieved mainly by WM, thus reducing the work load of RM and improving swimming performance and food conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martin-Perez
- Xarxa de Referencia de Recerca i Desenvolupament en Aqüicultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament de Fisiologia i Immunologia Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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