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Hao M, Yi L, Cheng W, Zhu J, Zhao S. Lipidomics analysis reveals new insights into crisp grass carp associated with meat texture. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32179. [PMID: 38868033 PMCID: PMC11168433 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Feeding faba beans to grass carp could crisp its muscle texture to avoid softening, the relationship between texture formation throughout the crisping process and the critical lipids regulating the fish quality has not yet been clarified. Herein, an 60-day nutritional trial and untargeted lipidomic analysis was used to study the changes of lipids in crisp grass carp dorsal muscle. A total of 1036 lipids were remarkably different between ordinary and crisp grass carp. The concentrations of the LPC, LPE, PG, Cer, Hex2Cer, SM, MG and MGMG were positively correlated with hardness and springiness, and the CL, TG, PMe, WE, dMePE and AcCa were negative correlation. High content of lipids involved in storage in ordinary grass carp, such as glycerophospholipids, polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acid content. In contrast, high content of membrane components in crisp grass carp, such as monounsaturated fatty acid, sphingolipid and glycerolipids content, and the distribution of PUFA in lipid molecules was related to lipid biosynthesis. This study might provide some insights into improved knowledge of the association between meat texture and lipid molecules in fish fed with faba bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Hao
- College of Biology and Agriculture (College of Food Science and Technology), Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Lanlan Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Wenjie Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Junhong Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Sumei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
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Wei LS, Téllez-Isaías G, Abdul Kari Z, Tahiluddin AB, Wee W, Kabir MA, Abdul Hamid NK, Cheadoloh R. Role of Phytobiotics in Modulating Transcriptomic Profile in Carps: A Mini-Review. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-023-10606-3. [PMID: 38167984 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Carp is a key aquaculture species worldwide. The intensification of carp farming, aimed at meeting the high demand for protein sources for human consumption, has resulted in adverse effects such as poor water quality, increased stress, and disease outbreaks. While antibiotics have been utilized to mitigate these issues, their use poses risks to both public health and the environment. As a result, alternative and more sustainable practices have been adopted to manage the health of farmed carp, including the use of probiotics, prebiotics, phytobiotics, and vaccines to prevent disease outbreaks. Phytobiotics, being both cost-effective and abundant, have gained widespread acceptance. They offer various benefits in carp farming, such as improved growth performance, enhanced immune system, increased antioxidant capacity, stress alleviation from abiotic factors, and enhanced disease resistance. Currently, a focal point of research involves employing molecular approaches to assess the impacts of phytobiotics in aquatic animals. Gene expression, the process by which genetic information encoded is translated into function, along with transcription profiling, serves as a crucial tool for detecting changes in gene expression within cells. These changes provide valuable insights into the growth rate, immune system, and flesh quality of aquatic animals. This review delves into the positive impacts of phytobiotics on immune responses, growth, antioxidant capabilities, and flesh quality, all discerned through gene expression changes in carp species. Furthermore, this paper explores existing research gaps and outlines future prospects for the utilization of phytobiotics in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Seong Wei
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | | | - Zulhisyam Abdul Kari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Albaris B Tahiluddin
- College of Fisheries, Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography, Sanga-Sanga, 7500, Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Science, Kastamonu University, 37200, Kastamonu, Türkiye
| | - Wendy Wee
- Center of Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Romalee Cheadoloh
- Faculty of Science Technology and Agriculture, Yala Rajabhat University, Yala Province, 133 Thetsaban 3 Rd, Sateng, Mueang, 95000, Thailand
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Siciliani D, Kortner TM, Berge GM, Hansen AK, Krogdahl Å. Effects of dietary lipid level and environmental temperature on lipid metabolism in the intestine and liver, and choline requirement in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L) parr. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e61. [PMID: 37252685 PMCID: PMC10214143 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline was recently established as an essential nutrient for Atlantic salmon at all life stages. Choline deficiency is manifested as an excessive accumulation of dietary fat within the intestinal enterocytes, a condition known as steatosis. Most of today's plant-based salmon feeds will be choline-deficient unless choline is supplemented. Choline's role in lipid transport suggests that choline requirement may depend on factors such as dietary lipid level and environmental temperature. The present study was therefore conducted to investigate whether lipid level and water temperature can affect steatosis symptoms, and thereby choline requirement in Atlantic salmon. Four choline-deficient plant-based diets were formulated differing in lipid level of 16, 20, 25 and 28 % and fed to salmon of 25 g initial weight in duplicate tanks per diet at two different environmental temperatures: 8 and 15 °C. After 8 weeks of feeding, samples of blood, tissue and gut content from six fish per tank were collected, for analyses of histomorphological, biochemical and molecular biomarkers of steatosis and choline requirement. Increasing lipid level did not affect growth rate but increased relative weight and lipid content of the pyloric caeca and histological symptoms of intestinal steatosis and decreased fish yield. Elevation of the water temperature from 8 to 15 °C, increased growth rate, relative weight of the pyloric caeca, and the histological symptoms of steatosis seemed to become more severe. We conclude that dietary lipid level, as well as environmental temperature, affect choline requirement to a magnitude of importance for fish biology and health, and for fish yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Siciliani
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Trond M. Kortner
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Dietary supplementation Eucommia ulmoides extract at relative low level affect the nutrition, flavor, and crispness of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by gut bacterial mediation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Ma L, Kaneko G, Xie J, Wang G, Li Z, Tian J, Zhang K, Xia Y, Gong W, Li H, Yu E. Safety evaluation of four faba bean extracts used as dietary supplements in grass carp culture based on hematological indices, hepatopancreatic function and nutritional condition. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9516. [PMID: 32704454 PMCID: PMC7350914 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Faba bean (Vicia faba, FB) is known to improve the texture of fish meat but retards growth possibly by inducing hemolysis, hepatopancreas damage, and metabolic disorder. In this study, we used ultrasonic processing to isolate four FB extracts (water extract, alcohol extract, proteins and residues) and examined their beneficial and detrimental effects. These extracts were separately mixed with commercial feed and fed to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) using whole FB and commercial feed as controls. After fish were fed one of the six experimental diets for 50 d and 100 d, we evaluated the growth and hematological parameters, activities of metabolic enzymes, hepatopancreatic histology and oxidative response, and lipid metabolism. Results showed that both whole FB and FB residues caused growth retardation and hepatopancreas damage (P < 0.05), whereas growth performance was improved in the FB water and alcohol extract groups compared to the whole FB group. Although the FB water extract negatively affected the number and morphological parameters of red blood cells (P < 0.05), the hematological damage was less pronounced than that of the whole FB group. Excessive hepatopancreatic fat accumulation was found in the whole FB, FB alcohol extract and FB residues groups. Moreover, serious hepatopancreas damages were observed in the FB residues group. These results suggest that the beneficial and detrimental components of FB were successfully separated in the four extracts, and the FB water extract would be the best choice for grass carp culture in terms of growth performance and health. The safety evaluation of the four FB extracts would facilitate further application of FB in aquatic feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen Kaneko
- School of Arts & Sciences, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, TX, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangbao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ermeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, China
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Yu E, Fu B, Wang G, Li Z, Ye D, Jiang Y, Ji H, Wang X, Yu D, Ehsan H, Gong W, Zhang K, Tian J, Yu L, Hu Z, Xie J, Kaneko G. Proteomic and metabolomic basis for improved textural quality in crisp grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus C.et V) fed with a natural dietary pro-oxidant. Food Chem 2020; 325:126906. [PMID: 32387934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate metabolism and chemical composition of various tissues. To understand how ROS affect the textural quality of fish muscle, we performed a multi-omics analysis on an established crisp grass carp model fed with a natural pro-oxidant faba bean. ROS levels were systemically and significantly increased up to three-fold in crisp grass carp, improving the muscle texture. Lipid metabolism was significantly enhanced up to five-fold in muscle and liver possibly to compensate the impaired carbohydrate metabolism of these tissues, but this caused further local ROS production. Mitochondrial damage associated with autophagy was evident in crisp grass carp. Proteomics revealed that elevated ROS likely disturbed the actin-myosin interaction and collagen turnover inducing fragmentation of myofibrillar proteins, all of which could have positively impacted the textural quality. The systemic metabolic changes that lead to the partial collapse of redox regulation likely underlie the ROS-induced improvement of textural quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermeng Yu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China.
| | - Bing Fu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Zhifei Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Joint Laboratory between Guangdong and Hong Kong on Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xia Wang
- epartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Deguang Yu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Hashimul Ehsan
- School of Arts & Sciences, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, TX 77901, USA
| | - Wangbao Gong
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Lingyun Yu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Zhiyi Hu
- No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China.
| | - Gen Kaneko
- School of Arts & Sciences, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, TX 77901, USA.
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Tian JJ, Fu B, Yu EM, Li YP, Xia Y, Li ZF, Zhang K, Gong WB, Yu DG, Wang GJ, Xie J. Feeding Faba Beans ( Vicia faba L.) Reduces Myocyte Metabolic Activity in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Front Physiol 2020; 11:391. [PMID: 32395106 PMCID: PMC7197471 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) on the energy metabolism of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). A total of 180 fish (∼2900 g) were randomly assigned to six tanks (2.5 × 2.5 × 1.2 m; 30 individuals per tank) and fed either faba bean (Vicia faba L.) or a commercial diet for 120 days (3% body weight, twice per day). The results showed that faba bean-fed grass carp (FBFG) had significantly lower growth and higher fat accumulation in the mesenteric adipose tissue and hepatopancreas than commercial diet-fed grass carp (CDFG). Compared with CDFG, FBFG exhibited no significant difference in proximate composition of the muscle; however, an obvious decrease in muscle fiber size and significantly higher hardness, chewiness, and gumminess were observed. Transcriptome results showed that a total of 197 genes were differentially regulated in the dorsal muscle. Down-regulated genes included four genes annotated with myocyte development and 12 transcripts annotated with components of myofibrils. In addition, the FBFG group exhibited significantly lower expression of genes associated with oxygen transport, the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and creatine metabolism, suggesting reduced energy availability in the muscle of the FBFG. Moreover, using western-blotting and enzyme assays, we found decreased protein levels in the mitochondrial electron transport respiratory chain and creatine metabolism activities, as well as increased expression of autophagy marker protein levels, in the muscle of FBFG. Overall, our results suggest that an abnormal energy distribution may exist in grass carps after feeding with faba bean, which is reflected by a mass of fat deposition in the adipose tissue and hepatopancreas and subdued metabolic activity in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Er-meng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Montenegro LF, Descalzo AM, Cunzolo SA, Pérez CD. Modification of the content of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid, chemical composition, and lipid nutritional indices in the meat of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed alfalfa (Medicago sativa) pellets. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa084. [PMID: 32185374 PMCID: PMC7149549 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 120-d feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) feeding on growth and chemical composition, fatty acid content, and nutritional and lipid indices of the meat of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Two experimental diets were used: alfalfa pellet (AP) diet and artificial grain diet (GD). Final weight, feed conversion rate, and protein efficiency ratio were significantly greater in the GD group (P < 0.05). However, no differences in the length and condition factor were observed. The composition of the meat differed between treatments. The protein content was significantly greater in the AP group (P < 0.05), while the lipid and cholesterol contents were significantly greater in the GD group (P < 0.05). A greater proportion of saturated, n-6 polyunsaturated, and n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids was obtained in the GD group. The AP group accumulated a greater concentration of eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids (P < 0.05). The fatty acid composition of the meat determined a significant decrease in the thrombogenicity index and saturation index (S/P) in the AP group (P < 0.05). The Elongase index was greater in the GD group (P < 0.05). In contrast, the AP group had a greater index of Δ9 Desaturase and Δ5 + Δ6 Desaturase for n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (P < 0.05). These results suggest that alfalfa feeding decreases the growth of C. idella but improves the quality of meat by increasing the protein, EPA, and DHA contents. It also reduces cholesterol content and improves nutritional indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano F Montenegro
- Centro de Investigaciones de Agroindustria, Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana M Descalzo
- Centro de Investigaciones de Agroindustria, Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián A Cunzolo
- Centro de Investigaciones de Agroindustria, Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Morón, Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina D Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones de Agroindustria, Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Morón, Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhou L, Lin KT, Gan L, Sun JJ, Guo CJ, Liu L, Huang XD. Intestinal Microbiota of Grass Carp Fed Faba Beans: A Comparative Study. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100465. [PMID: 31627338 PMCID: PMC6843481 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many reports of the intestinal microbiota of grass carp have addressed the microbial response to diet or starvation or the effect of microbes on metabolism; however, the intestinal microbiota of crisp grass carp has yet to be elucidated. Moreover, the specific bacteria that play a role in the crispiness of grass carp fed faba beans have not been elucidated. In the present study, 16S sequencing was carried out to compare the intestinal microbiota in the fore-, mid- and hind-intestine segments of grass carp following feeding with either faba beans or formula feed. Our results showed that (1) the hind-intestine presented significant differences in diversity relative to the fore- or midintestine and (2) faba beans significantly increased the diversity of intestinal microbiota, changed the intestinal microbiota structure (Fusobacteria was reduced from 64.26% to 18.24%, while Proteobacteria was significantly increased from 17.75% to 51.99%), and decreased the metabolism of energy, cofactors and vitamins in grass carp. Furthermore, at the genus and species levels, Acinetobacter accounted for 15.09% of the microbiota, and Acinetobacter johnsonii and Acinetobacter radioresistens constituted 3.41% and 2.99%, respectively, which indicated that Acinetobacter of the family Moraxellaceae contributed to changes in the intestinal microbiota structure and could be used as a potential biomarker. These results may provide clues at the intestinal microbiota level to understanding the mechanism underlying the crispiness of grass carp fed faba beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Ke-Tao Lin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lian Gan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Ji-Jia Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Chang-Jun Guo
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xian-de Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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