1
|
Noor L, Hafeez A, Rahman MA, Vishwakarma KK, Kapoor A, Ara N, Aqeel R. Demystifying the Potential of Embelin-Loaded Nanoformulations: a Comprehensive Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:249. [PMID: 39433611 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytoconstituent based therapies have the potential to reduce the adverse effects and enhance overall patient compliance for different diseased conditions. Embelin (EMB) is a natural compound extracted from Embelia ribes that has demonstrated high therapeutic potential, particularly as anti-inflammatory and anticancer therapeutic applications. However, its poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability limitations make it challenging to use in biomedical applications. Nanostructure-based novel formulations have shown the potential to improve physicochemical and biological characteristics of active pharmaceutical ingredients obtained from plants. Different nanoformulations that have been utilized to encapsulate/entrap EMB for various therapeutic applications are nanoliposomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, phytosomes, self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system, silver nanoparticles, microparticles, solid lipid nanoparticle, gold nanoparticles and nanomicelles. The common methods reported for the preparation of EMB nanoformulations are thin film hydration, nanoprecipitation, ethanol injection, emulsification followed by sonication. The size of nanoformulations ranged in between 50 and 345 nm. In this review, the mentioned EMB loaded nanocarriers are methodically discussed for size, shape, drug entrapment, zeta potential, in vitro release & permeation and in vivo studies. Potential of EMB with other drugs (dual drug approach) incorporated in nanocarriers are also discussed (physicochemical and preclinical characteristics). Patents related to EMB nanoformulations are also presented which showed the clinical translation of this bioactive for future utilization in different indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Layba Noor
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India.
| | - Md Azizur Rahman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | | | - Archita Kapoor
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Nargis Ara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Rabia Aqeel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martín-Acosta P, Cuadrado I, González-Cofrade L, Pestano R, Hortelano S, de las Heras B, Estévez-Braun A. Synthesis of Quinoline and Dihydroquinoline Embelin Derivatives as Cardioprotective Agents. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:317-329. [PMID: 36749898 PMCID: PMC9972480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A set of new dihydroquinoline embelin derivatives was obtained from the reaction of the natural benzoquinone embelin (1) with anilines and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of AgOTf. The synthesis of these compounds involves the formation of a Knoevenagel adduct, followed by nucleophilic addition of aniline and subsequent electrocyclic ring closure. The scope of the reaction regarding the aldehydes and anilines was determined. Quinoline derivatives were also obtained from the corresponding dihydroquinolines under oxidation with DDQ. The cardioprotective activity of the synthesized compounds was screened using a doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity model in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Some structure-activity relationships were outlined, and the best activities were achieved with quinoline-embelin derivatives having a 4-nitrophenyl group attached at the pyridine ring. The obtained results indicated that embelin derivatives 4i, 6a, 6d, 6k, and 6m could have potential as cardioprotective agents, as they attenuated a DOX-induced cardiotoxicity effect acting on oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Martín-Acosta
- Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez N° 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Irene Cuadrado
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad
de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de
Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura González-Cofrade
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad
de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de
Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Pestano
- Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez N° 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Hortelano
- Unidad
de Terapias Farmacológicas, Área de Genética
Humana, Instituto de Investigación
de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Majadahonda-Pozuelo
Km 2, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz de las Heras
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad
de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de
Madrid (UCM), Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Estévez-Braun
- Instituto
Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez N° 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Devi Daimary U, Girisa S, Parama D, Verma E, Kumar A, Kunnumakkara AB. Embelin: A novel XIAP inhibitor for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22950. [PMID: 34842329 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases are a serious health concern worldwide, especially in the elderly population. Most chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular ailments, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune diseases are caused due to the abnormal functioning of multiple signaling pathways that give rise to critical anomalies in the body. Although a lot of advanced therapies are available, these have failed to entirely cure the disease due to their less efficacy. Apart from this, they have been shown to manifest disturbing side effects which hamper the patient's quality of life to the extreme. Since the last few decades, extensive studies have been done on natural herbs due to their excellent medicinal benefits. Components present in natural herbs target multiple signaling pathways involved in diseases and therefore hold high potential in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases. Embelin, a benzoquinone, is one such agent isolated from Embelia ribes, which has shown excellent biological activities toward several chronic ailments by upregulating a number of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., SOD, CAT, GSH, etc.), inhibiting anti-apoptotic genes (e.g., TRAIL, XIAP, survivin, etc.), modulating transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB, STAT3, etc.) blocking inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, etc.), monitoring cell cycle synchronizing genes (e.g., p53, cyclins, CDKs, etc.), and so forth. Several preclinical studies have confirmed its excellent therapeutic activities against malicious diseases like cancer, obesity, heart diseases, Alzheimer's, and so forth. This review presents an overview of embelin, its therapeutic prospective, and the molecular targets in different chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Elika Verma
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
LncRNA NEAT1 reversed the hindering effects of miR-495-3p/STAT3 axis and miR-211/PI3K/AKT axis on sepsis-relevant inflammation. Mol Immunol 2020; 117:168-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
5
|
Chen L, Lin X, Xiao J, Tian Y, Zheng B, Teng H. Sonchus oleraceus Linn protects against LPS-induced sepsis and inhibits inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:63-69. [PMID: 30802614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sonchus oleraceus Linn (SOL) belongs to family of Asteraceae, is a traditional medicinal plant, which has been used to treat tumor, inflammatory diseases, infection and so on in Chinese folk culture. AIM OF THE STUDY This work investigated the influence of aqueous ethanol extract of whole plant of SOL and contribution of its main components on inflammation METHODS AND RESULTS: Oral administration of SOL (10 mg/kg) to mice reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, in the LPS-induced sepsis mouse model. Major phenolics in SOL were isolated and determined by HPLC. Results indicate that SOL at the concentration range from 25 to 100 μg/mL and its main components, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid (25-100 μM) significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, attenuated iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS-stimulated Macrophages. In addition, western blot analysis showed SOL suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). CONCLUSION The underlying mechanism of anti-inflammation might be in according with the inhibition of MAPKs activation as well as down regulation of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiujun Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yuting Tian
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pulmonary and muscle profile in pneumosepsis: A temporal analysis of inflammatory markers. Cytokine 2018; 114:128-134. [PMID: 30470659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In sepsis, greater understanding of the inflammatory mechanism involved would provide insights into the condition and into its extension to the muscular apparatus in critically ill patients. Therefore, this study evaluates the inflammatory profile of pneumosepsis induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.p.) in lungs and skeletal muscles during the first 72 h. Male BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups, submitted to intratracheal inoculation of K.p. at a concentration of 2 × 108 (PS) or PBS, and assessed after 24 (PS24), 48 (PS48) and 72 (PS72) hours. The Maximum Physical Capacity Test (MPCT) was performed before and after induction. Pulmonary inflammation was assessed by total cell number, nitric oxide levels (NOx), IL-1β and TNF-α levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); inflammation and muscle trophism were evaluated by the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β and BDNF by ELISA and NF-κB by western blotting in muscle tissue. Cells and colony forming units (CFU) were also analyzed in blood samples. The PS groups showed an increase in total cells in the BALF (p < 0.05), as well in the number of granulocytes in the blood (p < 0.05) and a decrease in performance in the MPCT (p < 0.05). NOx levels showed significant increase in PS72, when compared to Control group (p = 0.03). The PS24 showed a significant increase lung in TNF-α levels (p < 0.001) and in CFU (p = 0.013). We observed an increase in muscular IL-6 and nuclear NF-κB levels in PS24 group, when compared to PS48 and Control groups (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, mild signs of injury in the skeletal muscle tissue does not support the idea of an early muscular injury in this experimental model, suggesting that the low performance of the animals during the MPCT may be related to lung inflammation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nifuroxazide, a STAT3 inhibitor, mitigates inflammatory burden and protects against diabetes-induced nephropathy in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 281:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
8
|
Targeting Mortalin by Embelin Causes Activation of Tumor Suppressor p53 and Deactivation of Metastatic Signaling in Human Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138192. [PMID: 26376435 PMCID: PMC4574062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Embelin, a natural quinone found in the fruits of Embelia ribes, is commonly used in Ayurvedic home medicine for a variety of therapeutic potentials including anti-inflammation, anti-fever, anti-bacteria and anti-cancer. Molecular mechanisms of these activities and cellular targets have not been clarified to-date. We demonstrate that the embelin inhibits mortalin-p53 interactions, and activates p53 protein in tumor cells. We provide bioinformatics, molecular docking and experimental evidence to the binding affinity of embelin with mortalin and p53. Binding of embelin with mortalin/p53 abrogates their complex resulted in nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation function of p53 causing growth arrest in cancer cells. Furthermore, analyses of growth factors and metastatic signaling using antibody membrane array revealed their downregulation in embelin-treated cells. We also found that the embelin causes transcriptional attenuation of mortalin and several other proteins involved in metastatic signaling in cancer cells. Based on these molecular dynamics and experimental data, it is concluded that the anticancer activity of embelin involves targeting of mortalin, activation of p53 and inactivation of metastatic signaling.
Collapse
|