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Silwal T, Neupane B, Raut N, Dhami B, Adhikari B, Adhikari A, Paudel A, Kandel SR, Miya MS. Identifying risk zones and landscape features that affect common leopard depredation. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17497. [PMID: 38832039 PMCID: PMC11146323 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a pressing issue worldwide but varies by species over time and place. One of the most prevalent forms of HWC in the mid-hills of Nepal is human-common-leopard conflict (HLC). Leopard attacks, especially in forested areas, can severely impact villagers and their livestock. Information on HLC in the Gorkha district was scarce, thus making it an ideal location to identify high-risk zones and landscape variables associated with such events. Registered cases were collected and reviewed from the Division Forest Office (DFO) during 2019-2021. Claims from DFO records were confirmed with herders and villagers via eight focus group discussions. To enhance modeling success, researchers identified a total of 163 leopard attack locations on livestock, ensuring a minimum distance of at least 100 meters between locations. Using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and considering 13 environmental variables, we mapped common leopard attack risk zones. True Skill Statistics (TSS) and area under receiver-operator curve (AUC) were used to evaluate and validate the Output. Furthermore, 10 replications, 1,000 maximum iterations, and 1000 background points were employed during modeling. The average AUC value for the model, which was 0.726 ± 0.021, revealed good accuracy. The model performed well, as indicated by a TSS value of 0.61 ± 0.03. Of the total research area (27.92 km2), about 74% was designated as a low-risk area, 19% as a medium-risk area, and 7% as a high-risk area. Of the 13 environmental variables, distance to water (25.2%) was the most significant predictor of risk, followed by distance to road (16.2%) and elevation (10.7%). According to response curves, the risk of common leopard is highest in the areas between 1.5 to 2 km distances from the water sources, followed by the closest distance from a road and an elevation of 700 to 800 m. Results suggest that managers and local governments should employ intervention strategies immediately to safeguard rural livelihoods in high-risk areas. Improvements include better design of livestock corrals, insurance, and total compensation of livestock losses. Settlements near roads and water sources should improve the design and construction of pens and cages to prevent livestock loss. More studies on the characteristics of victims are suggested to enhance understanding of common leopard attacks, in addition to landscape variables. Such information can be helpful in formulating the best management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thakur Silwal
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Forestry, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Forestry, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Bijaya Neupane
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Forestry, Pokhara, Nepal
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nirjala Raut
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Forestry, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Bijaya Dhami
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Binaya Adhikari
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Amit Adhikari
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Forestry, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Aakash Paudel
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Forestry, Pokhara, Nepal
| | | | - Mahamad Sayab Miya
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, United States of America
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Vu TT, Doherty PF, T Nguyen H, Clink DJ, Nguyen MD, Dong HT, Cheyne SM, Giang TT, Phan DV, Ta NT, Tran DV. Passive acoustic monitoring using smartphones reveals an alarming gibbon decline in a protected area in the central Annamite Mountains, Vietnam. Am J Primatol 2023; 85:e23544. [PMID: 37572084 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring populations is critical for understanding how they respond to anthropogenic disturbance and for management of protected areas. The use of passive acoustic monitoring can improve monitoring efforts as it allows for collection of data on vocal animals at spatial and temporal scales that are difficult using only human observers. In this study, we used a multiseason occupancy model to monitor occurrence, apparent extinction, and colonization probabilities of a northern yellow-cheeked gibbon, Nomascus annamensis population with acoustic data collected from mobile smartphones in Dakrong Nature Reserve, Vietnam. Forty-five sites were randomly selected for repeated surveys in 2019 and 2022. At each site, a mobile smartphone was attached to a tree and recorded sounds for 4.2 days and 3.89 days on average, in 2019 and 2022, respectively. We manually annotated spectrograms for the presence of gibbon calls, and we detected gibbons at 24 and 12 recording posts in 2019 and 2022, respectively. Estimated local apparent extinction from occupancy models was high with 67% of occupied sites in 2019 becoming unoccupied in 2022. Apparent colonization was low with ~25% of unoccupied sites in 2019 becoming occupied in 2022. As a result, the apparent occurrence probability declined from 0.58 in 2019 to 0.30 in 2022. If the absence of calls indicates that cells are unoccupied this would mean an alarming decline of the gibbon population in the nature reserve. We suggest that in the areas with high hunting pressure, monitoring intervals should be shortened to at least yearly. In addition, urgent actions, such as patrolling, or gun confiscation, should be implemented to conserve the gibbon populations in Dakrong Nature Reserve and other protected areas with the same management context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh T Vu
- Department of Wildlife, Faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Paul F Doherty
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Hoa T Nguyen
- Institute for Tropical biodiversity and Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dena J Clink
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Manh D Nguyen
- Department of Wildlife, Faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hai T Dong
- Department of Wildlife, Faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Susan M Cheyne
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Toan T Giang
- Department of Wildlife, Faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dai V Phan
- Department of Wildlife, Faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nga T Ta
- Department of Wildlife, Faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung V Tran
- Department of Wildlife, Faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
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3
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Hankinson E, Korstjens AH, Hill RA, Wich SA, Slater HD, Abdullah A, Supradi S, Marsh CD, Nijman V. Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on group densities of Thomas' langurs (
Presbytis thomasi
) within a lowland tropical forest, north Sumatra. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hankinson
- School of Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus, Oxford UK
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Bournemouth University, Christchurch House Talbot Campus, Poole UK
| | - Amanda H. Korstjens
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Bournemouth University, Christchurch House Talbot Campus, Poole UK
| | - Ross A. Hill
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Bournemouth University, Christchurch House Talbot Campus, Poole UK
| | - Serge A. Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
| | - Helen D. Slater
- School of Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus, Oxford UK
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
| | - Abdullah Abdullah
- Fakultas Biologi Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam, Banda Aceh Indonesia
| | - Supradi Supradi
- Fakultas Biologi Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam, Banda Aceh Indonesia
| | - Christopher D. Marsh
- School of Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus, Oxford UK
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | - Vincent Nijman
- School of Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus, Oxford UK
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Sushma HS, Ramesh KP, Kumara HN. Determinants of habitat occupancy and spatial segregation of primates in the central Western Ghats, India. Primates 2022; 63:137-147. [PMID: 35039932 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-021-00966-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Primates are among the globally imperiled fauna requiring urgent conservation interventions to protect their habitat. Information on species distribution and factors influencing it are vital to species management and habitat protection. In this study, we assessed habitat occupancy of the lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus), bonnet macaque (M. radiata), and black-footed gray langur (Semnopithecus hypoleucos) that occur in the Kudremukh Wildlife Division, a large protected area network in the central Western Ghats. We examined the influence of habitat variables on the occupancy probability of these primates. We carried out four temporally replicated detection/non-detection surveys to assess detection probability and site occupancy of the primate species. We surveyed 244 sites of 5 Km2, with each site surveyed for 4 days, to assess detection probability and site occupancy. Among the three species, the langur had the highest habitat occupancy estimate (0.66 ± 0.05SE) and the lion-tailed macaque had the lowest estimate (0.28 ± 0.08SE). The habitat occupancy estimate for the bonnet macaque was (0.56 ± 0.05SE). Wet and semi-evergreen forest cover and mean elevation positively influenced the lion-tailed macaque's occurrence. Covariates influencing bonnet macaque's occurrence were plantations, semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests, and non-forest areas. Mean elevation negatively affected its occurrence. Wet evergreen forests and plantations positively influenced the occurrence of the langur. We examined spatial segregation between the species based on their site occupancy. Pairwise comparisons revealed a significant negative association between the bonnet macaque and the other two primates. However, we found a significant positive association between the lion-tailed macaque and the langur. We discuss these results and their implications for conservation of primates in the region. Given the cost-effectiveness of carrying out surveys at large spatial scales, we recommend occupancy surveys for future surveys of forest primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosur Subbarao Sushma
- Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty (POST), Coimbatore, 640118, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kumar P Ramesh
- Karnataka Forest Department, Bannerghatta National Park, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Honnavalli N Kumara
- Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty (POST), Coimbatore, 640118, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Chen DM, Narváez-Torres PR, Tiafinjaka O, Farris ZJ, Rasoloharijaona S, Louis EE, Johnson SE. Lemur paparazzi: Arboreal camera trapping and occupancy modeling as conservation tools for monitoring threatened lemur species. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23270. [PMID: 34010491 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Primate species face growing risks of extinction throughout the world. To better protect their populations, effective monitoring techniques are needed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of arboreal camera traps and occupancy modeling as conservation tools for threatened lemur species. This project aimed to (1) estimate the occupancy and detection probabilities of lemur species, (2) investigate factors potentially affecting lemur habitat use, and (3) determine whether ground or arboreal cameras are better for surveying lemur assemblages. We conducted camera trapping research in five forest fragments (total trap nights = 1770; 900 arboreal trap nights (134 photo events); 870 ground trap nights (2 photo events)) and reforestation areas (total trap nights = 608; 1 photo event) in Kianjavato, Madagascar from May to September 2019. We used arboreal trap data from fragments to estimate occupancy for five species: the red-fronted brown lemur (Eulemur rufifrons; ψ = 0.54 ± SD 0.03), Jolly's mouse lemur (Microcebus jollyae; ψ = 0.14 ± 0.17), the greater dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus major; ψ = 0.42 ± 0.30), the red-bellied lemur (Eulemur rubriventer; ψ = 0.24 ± 0.03), and the black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata; ψ = 0.24 ± 0.08). Tree diameter, elevation, distance to village, and canopy connectivity were important predictors of occupancy, while camera height, canopy connectivity, fragment ID, and fragment size predicted detection. Arboreal cameras recorded significantly higher species richness compared with ground cameras. We suggest expanded application of arboreal camera traps in future research, but we recommend longer trapping periods to better sample rarer species. Overall, arboreal camera trapping combined with occupancy modeling can be a highly efficient and useful approach for monitoring and predicting the occurrence of elusive lemur species and has the potential to be effective for other arboreal primates and canopy taxa across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin M Chen
- Department of Anthropology & Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Olivia Tiafinjaka
- Faculty of Sciences, Technologies, and the Environment, University of Mahajanga, Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Zach J Farris
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Edward E Louis
- Madagascar Biodiversity Partnership, Manakambahiny, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Steig E Johnson
- Department of Anthropology & Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Sharma P, Chettri N, Uddin K, Wangchuk K, Joshi R, Tandin T, Pandey A, Gaira KS, Basnet K, Wangdi S, Dorji T, Wangchuk N, Chitale VS, Uprety Y, Sharma E. Mapping human‒wildlife conflict hotspots in a transboundary landscape, Eastern Himalaya. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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7
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Zhang H, Wang C, Turvey ST, Sun Z, Tan Z, Yang Q, Long W, Wu X, Yang D. Thermal infrared imaging from drones can detect individuals and nocturnal behavior of the world’s rarest primate. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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8
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Vu TT, Hoa Anh NQ, Rawson BM, Tran DV, Nguyen HT, Van TN. Monitoring occurrence, extinction, and colonization probabilities for gibbon populations. Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23171. [PMID: 32632969 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
All gibbon species (Family: Hylobatidae) are considered threatened with extinction and recognized on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. Because gibbons are one of the most threatened families of primates, monitoring their status is now critically important. Long-term monitoring programs applying occupancy approaches, in addition to assessing occurrence probability, improves understanding of other population parameters such as site extinction or colonization probabilities, which elucidate temporal and spatial changes and are therefore important for guiding conservation efforts. In this study, we used multiple season occupancy models to monitor occurrence, extinction, and colonization probabilities for northern yellow-cheeked crested gibbon Nomascus annamensis in three adjacent protected areas in the Central Annamites mountain range, Vietnam. We collected data at 30 listening posts in 2012, 2014, and 2016 using the auditory point count method. Occurrence probabilities were highest in 2012 (0.74, confidence interval [CI]: 0.56-0.87) but slightly lower in 2014 (0.66, CI: 0.51-0.79) and 2016 (0.67, CI: 0.49-0.81). Extinction probabilities during the 2012-2014 and 2014-2016 intervals were 0.26 (0.14-0.44) and 0.25 (0.12-0.44), respectively. Colonization probabilities during 2012-2014 were 0.44 (0.19-0.73) and between 2014 and 2016 was 0.51 (0.26-0.75). Although local site extinctions have occurred, high recolonization probability helped to replenish the unoccupied sites and kept the occurrence probability stable. Long-term monitoring programs which use occurrence probability alone might not fully reveal the true dynamics of gibbon populations. We strongly recommend including multiple season occupancy models to monitor occurrence, extinction, and colonization probabilities in long-term gibbon monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinh T Vu
- Department of Wildlife, Faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Dung V Tran
- Department of Wildlife, Faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoa T Nguyen
- Department of Wildlife, Faculty of Forest Resource and Environment Management, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Vietnam
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9
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Thermal Infrared Imaging from Drones Offers a Major Advance for Spider Monkey Surveys. DRONES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/drones3020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and precise population estimates form the basis of conservation action but are lacking for many arboreal species due to the high costs and difficulty in surveying these species. Recently, researchers have started to use drones to obtain data on animal distribution and density. In this study, we compared ground and drone counts for spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) at their sleeping sites using a custom-built drone fitted with a thermal infrared (TIR) camera. We demonstrated that a drone with a TIR camera can be successfully employed to determine the presence and count the number of spider monkeys in a forested area. Using a concordance analysis, we found high agreement between ground and drone counts for small monkey subgroups (<10 individuals), indicating that the methods do not differ when surveying small subgroups. However, we found low agreement between methods for larger subgroups (>10 individuals), with drone counts being higher than the corresponding ground counts in 83% of surveys. We could identify additional individuals from TIR drone footage due to a greater area covered compared to ground surveys. We recommend using TIR drones for surveys of spider monkey sleeping sites and discuss current challenges to implementation.
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Detogne N, Ferreguetti ÁC, Mello JHF, Santana MC, da Conceição Dias A, da Mota NCJ, Esteves da Cruz Gonçalves A, de Souza CP, Bergallo HG. Spatial distribution of buffy-tufted-ear (Callithrix aurita) and invasive marmosets (Callithrix spp.) in a tropical rainforest reserve in southeastern Brazil. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [PMID: 29072335 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the spatial distribution of native and invasive marmoset species (Callithrix), as well as their hybrids, in the Serra dos Órgãos National Park (PARNASO) and surrounding area in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. To estimate occupancy and the detection probability, we surveyed 56 sites within the park and 52 sites outside its limits using vocal playbacks, as well as by interviewing local residents in the surrounding area. We estimated the occupancy and detection probability of Callithrix aurita and the observed groups composed of Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. We also recorded the presence or absence of mixed groups of native and exotic species, and their hybrids. We recorded similar occupancy rates and detection probabilities for both native and invasive species within the national park. C. aurita was found more often within the areas of the park located furthest from access roads and with the least human interference, while invasive species were more likely to be found along the edge of the park and in areas with greater human interference. In the area surrounding the park, invasive marmosets were recorded at seven sites, and a mixed group of native and invasive marmosets was observed at one site, but non-hybrid C. aurita groups were not recorded. The occupancy probability of C. aurita in the study area is relatively low, which may indicate a low population density, with groups restricted to a small region within the PARNASO in the proximity of groups of invasive marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Detogne
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Átilla C Ferreguetti
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Henrique F Mello
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Santana
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline da Conceição Dias
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia C J da Mota
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane P de Souza
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena G Bergallo
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cheyne SM, Gilhooly LJ, Hamard MC, Höing A, Houlihan PR, Kursani, Loken B, Phillips A, Rayadin Y, Ripoll Capilla B, Rowland D, Sastramidjaja WJ, Spehar S, Thompson CJH, Zrust M. Population mapping of gibbons in Kalimantan, Indonesia: correlates of gibbon density and vegetation across the species’ range. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Hallam CD, Johnson A, O'Kelly H, Seateun S, Thamsatith T, O'Brien TG, Strindberg S. Using occupancy-based surveys and multi-model inference to estimate abundance and distribution of crested gibbons (Nomascus spp.) in central Laos. Am J Primatol 2015; 78:462-472. [PMID: 26637802 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reliable assessments of species' status are prerequisites for monitoring the success of conservation programmes. However, survey conditions such as terrain and inaccessibility, compounded by the low densities of many species across Southeast Asia and other parts of the world are considerable barriers to obtaining robust populations estimates. We used an occupancy-based approach and multi-model inference to generate occupancy and abundance estimates for northern white-cheeked crested gibbons Nomascus leucogenys and southern white-cheeked crested gibbons N. siki in the Nam Kading National Protected Area (NKNPA) in central Lao Peoples' Democratic Republic (hereafter Laos). We present these estimates for gibbons within the context of a strategy designed to monitor multiple species and discuss the practical challenges to obtaining sufficient data for robust population estimates to detect change in gibbon status over time. We surveyed approximately 210 km2 of habitat and estimate an abundance of 45 (SE = 17, CV = 37%) groups, giving an average site abundance of 0.21 (SE = 0.08, CV = 37%) groups per km2 . We make recommendations for ongoing gibbon monitoring and discuss the wider implications for cost effective wildlife monitoring in Laos. Am. J. Primatol. 78:462-472, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arlyne Johnson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Lao PDR Program, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Hannah O'Kelly
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Lao PDR Program, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | | | | | - Timothy G O'Brien
- Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
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A Comparison of Hylobatid Survey Methods Using Triangulation on Müller’s Gibbon (Hylobates muelleri) in Sungai Wain Protection Forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. INT J PRIMATOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-015-9845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Faulkner SC, Stevenson MD, Verity R, Mustari AH, Semple S, Tosh DG, Le Comber SC. Using geographic profiling to locate elusive nocturnal animals: a case study with spectral tarsiers. J Zool (1987) 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. C. Faulkner
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Roehampton; London UK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - M. D. Stevenson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - R. Verity
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
- MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - A. H. Mustari
- Faculty of Forestry; Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism; Kampus Fahutan IPB Darmaga; Bogor West Java Indonesia
| | - S. Semple
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Roehampton; London UK
| | - D. G. Tosh
- School of Biological Sciences; Medical Biology Centre; Queen's University Belfast; Belfast UK
| | - S. C. Le Comber
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
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