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Menkene LM, Englisch CE, Darwisch W, Szurman P, Rickmann A. [Subconjuctival Dexamethasone Implantation]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2024. [PMID: 38531372 DOI: 10.1055/a-2243-4507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Warda Darwisch
- Augenklinik Sulzbach, Knappschaftsklinikum Saar, Sulzbach/Saar, Deutschland
| | - Peter Szurman
- Augenklinik Sulzbach, Knappschaftsklinikum Saar, Sulzbach/Saar, Deutschland
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Khor HG, Lott PW, Wan Ab Kadir AJ, Singh S, Iqbal T. Review of Risk Factors and Complications of Anterior Migration of Ozurdex Implant: Lessons Learnt from the Previous Reports. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023. [PMID: 37676992 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Ozurdex had shown promising anatomical and functional outcomes in managing refractory Irvine-Gass syndrome over the years. Burgeoning usage of Ozurdex has prompted the study of its related complications, particularly the anterior chamber migration of the implant. Methods: Literature reviews on the anterior chamber migration of the Ozurdex via PubMed, EBSCO, and TRIP databases were searched from 2012 to 2020. The predisposing factors, outcomes, and management of such cases were evaluated. Results: A total of 54 articles consisting of 105 cases of anterior migration of Ozurdex were included in this analysis. The vitrectomized eye and compromised posterior capsule were highly associated with this complication. About 81.9% of the cases had cornea edema upon presentation, with 31.4% of them ending up with cornea decompensation despite intervention. Although there was high intraocular pressure reported initially in 22 cases, only 2 cases required glaucoma filtration surgeries in which they had preexisting glaucoma. Numerous techniques of repositioning or surgical removal of the implant were described but they were challenging and the outcomes varied. Conclusions: A noninvasive method of manipulating the Ozurdex into the vitreous cavity via the "Trendelenburg position, external pressure with head positioning" maneuvers is safe yet achieves a favorable outcome. Precaution must be taken whenever offering Ozurdex to the high-risk eyes. Prompt repositioning or removal of the implant is crucial to deter cornea decompensation. Clinical Trial Registration number: NMRR-22-02092-S9X (from the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health, Malaysia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gim Khor
- University of Malaya Eye Research Centre (UMERC), Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miri Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Pooi Wah Lott
- University of Malaya Eye Research Centre (UMERC), Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azida Juana Wan Ab Kadir
- University of Malaya Eye Research Centre (UMERC), Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sujaya Singh
- University of Malaya Eye Research Centre (UMERC), Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tajunisah Iqbal
- University of Malaya Eye Research Centre (UMERC), Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Herold TR, Vounotrypidis E, Liegl R, Koenig SF, Priglinger SG, Wolf A. LONG-TERM EFFICACY OF FLUOCINOLONE IN EYES WITH IRIS-LENS DIAPHRAGM DISRUPTION AND PCME WITH MEDICATION FIXED IN THE SCLERA (MEFISTO). Retina 2022; 42:1392-1398. [PMID: 35321998 PMCID: PMC9200227 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our prospective off-label, interventional clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the fluocinolone-loop-anchoring technique over two years in eyes with iris-lens diaphragm disruption and pseudophakic cystoid macular edema. METHODS In 10 eyes, scleral fixation of fluocinolone implant was performed. Main outcome measures were the development of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness over 24 months, and general safety of the procedure. RESULTS A significant improvement to 0.57 ± 0.38 log MAR (Snellen 20/80) (range 0-1.30) was observed (P = 0.003) at 1 month. Further improvement to 0.45 ± 036 log MAR (Snellen 20/60) was observed until month 18 (P = 0.081). Mean central retinal thickness decreased by 22% from 601.6 ± 235.5 µm to 449.1 ± 128.9 µm at 1 month. In one patient, the implant has to be removed at Month 7 because of elevated intraocular pressure and one patient after globe rupture had a retinal redetachment at Month 4. CONCLUSION In this study, we showed that the treatment of recalcitrant pseudophakic cystoid macular edema with scleral fixated fluocinolone implant in eyes with disruption of the iris-lens diaphragm provides good anatomical and functional results with a reasonable safety profile over 24 months in eyes where pseudophakic cystoid macular edema is otherwise difficult to treat and often left untreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina R. Herold
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | | - Raffael Liegl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Susanna F. Koenig
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Armin Wolf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Kayıkcıoğlu Ö, Doğruya S, Sarıgül C, Mayalı H, Kurt E. Anterior Chamber Migration of Ozurdex Implants. Turk J Ophthalmol 2021; 50:115-122. [PMID: 32367704 PMCID: PMC7204895 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2019.43778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We present patient characteristics and follow-up results of cases with anterior chamber dexamethasone implant migration. The common feature of all six presented cases was vitrectomized eyes. Four of the patients had sutured intraocular lens (IOL) implantation due to complicated cataract surgery, one had combined retinal detachment surgery with sutured IOL implantation, and one had vitrectomy for diabetic intravitreal hemorrhage cleaning and uncomplicated cataract surgery. Anterior chamber implant migration caused corneal edema in all cases and elevated intraocular pressure in three cases. In two cases, the dexamethasone implant was directed into the vitreous cavity after maximum pupillary dilation and corneal manipulation with cotton tip applicator with the patient in reverse Trendelenburg position. There was no other complication until dexamethasone implant degradation, with clear cornea at final examination. In two cases, the implant was removed from the anterior chamber by aspiration, but keratoplasty surgery was planned due to endothelial cell loss and persistent corneal edema during follow-up. In the last two cases, the dexamethasone implant was redirected into the vitreous chamber with a 23-gauge catheter and anterior chamber maintainer but they migrated into the anterior chamber again. In one of these patients, the implant was aspirated by catheter and corneal transplantation was performed due to corneal edema, while the other patient’s implant was redirected into the vitreous chamber with no further anterior migration. The risk of dexamethasone implants migrating into the anterior chamber of vitrectomized eyes and those with sutured IOL implantation should be kept in mind and the patient should be informed and advised to see an ophthalmologist immediately before permanent corneal endothelial damage occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özcan Kayıkcıoğlu
- Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Suzan Doğruya
- Uşak University Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Cansu Sarıgül
- Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Mayalı
- Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Emin Kurt
- Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Manisa, Turkey
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Chang SM, St Peter DM, Im LT, Munir WM, Schocket LS. Dexamethasone implant migration in an eye with congenital glaucoma: A case report and review of the literature. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:NP46-NP50. [PMID: 33781105 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211005696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dexamethasone (DEX) implant is an FDA approved treatment for diabetic macular edema, non-infectious posterior uveitis, and macular edema secondary to branch or central retinal vein occlusions. We describe a case of anterior chamber (AC) migration of a DEX implant in a patient with a history of congenital glaucoma and perform a review of the literature on this particular complication, summarizing the common risk factors, subsequent complications, and management options. CASE DESCRIPTION A 46-year-old female with a history of congenital glaucoma, status post cataract extraction with insertion of intraocular lens, pars plana vitrectomy, and Baerveldt tube implant in the left eye was referred for post-operative cystoid macular edema (CME). The patient underwent insertion of a DEX implant, resulting in improvement in her CME. After the fourth implant was injected, the patient noticed a white line in her eye while looking in the mirror after doing jumping jacks. Slit lamp examination confirmed migration of the implant into the AC. Ultimately, the patient was taken to the operating room, where her implant was removed via bimanual vitrectomy through an anterior approach. CONCLUSION This case report and literature review explores the ophthalmic structural changes specific to congenital glaucoma which may have predisposed this eye to anterior migration of the DEX implant. The purpose of this review is to detail the anatomic changes that may increase the risk of anterior chamber implant migration in patients with congenital glaucoma so that physicians may be aware of these risks when selecting patients for this implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deidre M St Peter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lily T Im
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wuqaas M Munir
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa S Schocket
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Celik N, Khoramnia R, Auffarth GU, Sel S, Mayer CS. Complications of dexamethasone implants: risk factors, prevention, and clinical management. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1612-1620. [PMID: 33078113 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.10.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate major complications after intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implants (Ozurdex) and their clinical management. METHODS In a retrospective observational study between 2014 and 2016 at two university hospitals, we reviewed the clinical records of 1241 consecutive macular edema patients treated with the dexamethasone implant, and separated severe adverse events in the injection procedure from those that were post-injection complications. We evaluated the cause and the outcomes in each case. RESULTS In twenty-one procedures (1.69%) we noticed significant complications during and after intravitreal injection of the dexamethasone implant. Complications related to the injection procedure were in one case, that a second implant was injected by mistake in the same eye on the same day. In another case, the implant lodged in the sclera during retraction of the injector needle. Leaking scleral tunnel at the injection site led to hypotony in another case. There were 10 cases of post-injection displacement of the implant into the anterior chamber and one case with a migrated and trapped device between the intraocular lens and an artificial iris. Displacement typically occurred in patients with preexisting risk factors: eyes with complicated intraocular lens implantation, iris reconstruction or iris defects or pseudophakic eyes after vitrectomy were prone to develop this complication. Displacement led to secondary corneal decompensation with pseudohypopyon. One case developed an endophthalmitis, and we observed four cases of retinal detachment. Two eyes presented with long-lasting hypotony due to ciliary insufficiency. CONCLUSION Treatment with the dexamethasone implant may cause various expected or unexpected complications that may have serious consequences for the patient and require further surgery. To reduce complications, clinicians should evaluate certain risk factors before scheduling patients for dexamethasone implant treatment and use proper injection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Celik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ramin Khoramnia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Gerd U Auffarth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Saadettin Sel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christian S Mayer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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Hernanz I, Moll-Udina A, Dotti-Boada M, Carrión MT, Llorenç V, Adán A. Non-pharmacological complications associated with Intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2020; 95:471-477. [PMID: 32654825 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intravitreal dexamethasone implant (IID) is an effective and safe treatment for macular oedema as described in the literature. Ocular hypertension and cataracts are the most frequent complications. The indications of IID in the last few years have led to the retrospective reporting of rare complications, with potential visual impact related to the injection procedure. METHODS A case series is presented of fifteen patients treated with IID for macular oedema who developed non-pharmacological complications related to the injection procedure or the implant itself, including, among others anterior chamber migration, intracrystalline injection, endophthalmitis, or segmentation. Differentiation was made between true complications and those that did not lead to any ocular damage. Epidemiological and baseline data were collected along with the treatment and outcome in each case. An analysis was made of multimodal imaging available. RESULTS The incidence of complications was 0.65% in this series Anterior chamber migration was the most frequent complication (n=4), followed by intracrystalline injection, and endophthalmitis (n=2). The times between the injection and complications were variable. Visual impairment was the most common symptom (n=6). However, despite the complications found, IID was an effective treatment in most of the reported cases. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be aware of these rare non-pharmacological complications so that they may be prevented and detected early, avoiding irreversible ocular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hernanz
- Instituto Clínico de Oftalmología, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, España.
| | - A Moll-Udina
- Instituto Clínico de Oftalmología, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, España
| | - M Dotti-Boada
- Instituto Clínico de Oftalmología, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, España
| | - M T Carrión
- Instituto Clínico de Oftalmología, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, España
| | - V Llorenç
- Instituto Clínico de Oftalmología, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, España
| | - A Adán
- Instituto Clínico de Oftalmología, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, España
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Lee DH, Chan CK. Modified insertion technique for a sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®). Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020; 19:100725. [PMID: 32478198 PMCID: PMC7248650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We describe a modified injection technique that adheres a sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®) to the vitreous base. Observations This modified technique was applied after removal of a prior dislocated Ozurdex® that migrated into the anterior chamber in one patient, and also on another patient bothered by perception of a large floater induced by a free-floating Ozurdex® in the vitreous cavity previously inserted with the conventional technique. The main feature of this new technique consisted of altering the conventional “bevel-up” orientation of the insertion needle tip towards the vitreous cavity to the modified “bevel-down” orientation of the needle tip directed towards the pars plana and vitreous base, for the purpose of adhering a portion of or the entire dexamethasone implant to the vitreous base. Neither patient developed postoperative complications with this technique. Conclusions and importance This modified insertion technique allows adherence of Ozurdex® to the vitreous base and avoids adverse effects associated with a free-floating Ozurdex®, such as its migration into the anterior chamber, or visual disturbance associated with movement of the implant. For conventional injection of sustained-release dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®), needle tip is maintained in bevel-up position (facing vitreous cavity) before its insertion and after subsequent insertion and intraocular implant release. For modified technique, needle-tip is first directed in conventional bevel-up position before insertion and re-directed in bevel-down position towards eye-wall after insertion. Alternatively, needle is already in bevel-down position before its insertion, and maintained in same position after insertion with subsequent release and adherence of implant at vitreous base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 13400, E. Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Clement K Chan
- Southern California Desert Retina Consultants, 36949, Cook St. Suite #101, Palm Desert, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Loma Linda University, 11370, Anderson St. Suite #1800, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Kirkland KA, Uwaydat SH, Siddiqui MZ, Chancellor JR, Soliman MK, Kurup S, Sallam AB. Outcome of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant Use in Uveitic Eyes Undergoing Pars Plana Vitrectomy Surgery. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 29:1126-1131. [PMID: 32142385 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1726970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To report the outcomes in eyes with noninfectious uveitis receiving dexamethasone implant at the time of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).Methods: Retrospective analysis of visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), vitreous haze score (VHS), and central subfield thickness (CST) at baseline and follow-up visits.Results: Fourteen eyes received dexamethasone implant at the time of PPV. The CST was improved from 469 ± 182 µm at baseline to 320 ± 60 at 6 months (p = .0112) and 295 ± 46 at 12 months (p = .0728). Vitritis only recurred in 2 eyes at 6 months (18.2%) and 1 eye at 12 months (14.3%). The probability of VA improvement of ≥0.3 logMAR was 57% at 6 months and 66% at 12 months. Therapy for IOP rise was initiated in 6 eyes (42.9%).Conclusions: Local delivery of dexamethasone implant with PPV is a feasible method to counteract postoperative inflammation and macular thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Kirkland
- Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sami H Uwaydat
- Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mohammad Z Siddiqui
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - John R Chancellor
- Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mohamed K Soliman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shree Kurup
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmed B Sallam
- Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Scleral Fixation of the Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant in Eyes with Severe Iris-Lens Diaphragm Disruption and Recalcitrant CME: The Fluocinolone-Loop-Anchoring Technique (FLAT). Ophthalmol Ther 2020; 9:175-179. [PMID: 32056140 PMCID: PMC7054516 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-020-00232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While proven to be an effective treatment for cystoid macular edema (CME) and diabetic macular edema, intravitreal steroid implants (IVSI) may cause undesirable side effects, including steroid-related glaucoma or migration into the anterior chamber in the case of iris-lens diaphragm disruption. Here we present a new surgical technique that allows for the easy implantation and subsequent fixation of the fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant without the risk of migration as a feasible and possibly reversible approach in the treatment of persistent CME in severely damaged eyes. METHODS In this single-center, prospective off-label, proof of principle, scleral fixation of the fluocinolone implant was performed in two eyes with disrupted anterior-posterior segment border and persistent CME. Both eyes were then followed monthly in accordance to a detailed protocol. RESULTS The procedure was overall well tolerated without severe side effects. There was no migration of the implant in the anterior chamber in either eye. CONCLUSION Scleral fixation of the fluocinolone implant proved to be a safe and feasible approach in eyes with persistent CME and disrupted anterior-posterior segment border. This new technique also allows for the possible removal of the implant and may therefore be suitable even for eyes at higher risk for side effects, such as glaucoma.
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Rangel CM, Moreno NJ, Parra MM. Scleral fixation of a dexamethasone intravitreal implant in a case of subluxated bag-intraocular lens complex. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2019; 11:2515841419856520. [PMID: 31309171 PMCID: PMC6613052 DOI: 10.1177/2515841419856520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macular edema is a condition of retinal tissue treated with anti-inflammatory agents including placement of an intravitreal sustained-release dexamethasone device, designed to deliver a controlled amount of the medication for a prolonged time, representing an excellent therapy. Nonetheless, the implantation cannot be carried out without an anatomical barrier, such as the presence of posterior capsular support, lens, or intraocular lens. The absence of these barriers could lead to several complications, due to migration of the device from the vitreous cavity to the anterior chamber, causing corneal endothelial damage, corneal edema, glaucoma, and uveitis, among others. In consequence, a large number of patients cannot be treated with this useful surgical tool, resulting in chronicity of macular edema and severe visual acuity impairment. Therefore, we modified the conventional technique, through scleral fixation of the device providing a continuous delivering of dexamethasone, avoiding its migration to the anterior chamber in a patient without capsular support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Rangel
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander Clínica Carlos Ardila Lülle (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia; Industrial University of Santander (UIS), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Nathalia J Moreno
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander Clínica Carlos Ardila Lülle (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia; Industrial University of Santander (UIS), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - M Margarita Parra
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander Clínica Carlos Ardila Lülle (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Colombia; Industrial University of Santander (UIS), Floridablanca, Colombia
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Röck D, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Röck T. Risk factors for and management of anterior chamber intravitreal dexamethasone implant migration. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:120. [PMID: 31138164 PMCID: PMC6537356 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for the anterior chamber migration of an intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®). Methods A retrospective review of 640 consecutive intravitreal dexamethasone implant injections was conducted from February 2011 through February 2018 at the University Eye Hospital in Tübingen, Germany. Those patients who experienced anterior chamber dexamethasone implant migrations were identified, as well as the reasons for the anterior chamber migration. The surgical histories were obtained and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were conducted for all of the eyes. Cross-tabulations, chi-squared tests, and Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess the influences of different factors on the anterior chamber implant migrations. Results Overall, 4 eyes of four patients (0.63%) showed anterior chamber implant migrations. All four of the eyes were pseudophakic, and they had undergone prior vitrectomies. Three eyes had sclerally-fixated intraocular lenses, and one eye had a posterior chamber intraocular lens in the capsular bag, with a capsular tension ring due to partial zonular dehiscence. When comparing the vitrectomized eyes with reduced zonular/capsular bag complex integrity to the vitrectomized pseudophakic eyes with intact zonular/capsular bags, the former were significantly associated with an increased risk of anterior chamber implant migration (P = 0.008). The vitrectomized pseudophakic eyes, in contrast to the nonvitrectomized pseudophakic eyes, were significantly associated with an increased risk of anterior chamber implant migration (P = 0.009). Conclusions The anterior chamber migration of an intravitreal dexamethasone implant is a serious complication. To minimize the risk of permanent corneal edema, immediate removal of the implant with a 20-gauge alligator forceps over a 2.75-mm long clear corneal tunnel is important. Those patients with insufficient zonular support, defects, or missing posterior capsular membranes and vitrectomy histories present a high risk of anterior chamber dexamethasone implant migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Röck
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - K U Bartz-Schmidt
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Röck
- Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Majumder PD, Palkar AH, Pathare N, Biswas J. Anterior chamber migration of a sustained-release dexamethasone intravitreal implant: A case report and review of literature. Oman J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:133-137. [PMID: 31198303 PMCID: PMC6561047 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_5_2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to report a case of migration of a dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®) into anterior chamber and review the literature pertaining to the anterior chamber migration of implant. Clinical data were collected from a patient, in whom a dexamethasone intravitreal implant migrated to anterior chamber. A review of literature was conducted to analyze additional reports. A 59-year-old aphakic patient with recalcitrant cystoid macular edema due to chronic idiopathic uveitis was treated with intravitreal injection of dexamethasone implant. Migration of the implant into anterior chamber was noted after a month of injection. Since his cornea was clear and intraocular pressure was normal, he was managed conservatively. Sixteen such reports of migration of implant into anterior chamber was analyzed to look into the possible etiologies and outcome. Disruption of lens capsule, large basal iridectomy, and prior vitrectomy are the primary risk factors for migration of dexamethasone implant into the anterior chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit H Palkar
- Department of Uvea and Ocular Pathology, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nikita Pathare
- Post Graduate Trainee and Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jyotirmay Biswas
- Department of Uvea and Ocular Pathology, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zafar A, Aslanides IM, Selimis V, Tsoulnaras KI, Tabibian D, Kymionis GD. Uneventful Anterior Migration of Intravitreal Ozurdex Implant in a Patient with Iris-Sutured Intraocular Lens and Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2018; 9:143-148. [PMID: 29643797 PMCID: PMC5892334 DOI: 10.1159/000486924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We report here the case of a patient with anterior segment migration of intravitreal dexamethasone implant as well as its management and outcome. Methods The patient had the following sequence of events: complicated cataract surgery, iris-sutured intraocular lens implant, followed by cystoid macular edema treated with intravitreal Avastin, retinal vein occlusion treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implant, corneal decompensation treated with Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), and finally recurrence of macular edema treated with repeated intravitreal dexamethasone implant. Results Dexamethasone implant had completely dissolved from the eye 12 weeks after insertion without any complication. Conclusion A conservative approach with regular monitoring in the situation of a quiet anterior segment without any corneal decompensation can provide enough time for the implant to dissolve without causing any complication to the involved eye, avoiding any additional surgical intervention, as presented in this case report. Despite the fact that the implant was left for natural dissolution, there were no adverse effects related to the graft or the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Zafar
- Emmetropia Mediterranean Eye Institute, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | | | - David Tabibian
- Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George D Kymionis
- Athens Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Madi HA, Morgan SJ, Ghosh S. Corneal graft failure due to migration of Ozurdex™ implant into the anterior chamber. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2017; 8:25-27. [PMID: 29260111 PMCID: PMC5731668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We report a case of corneal endothelial graft failure secondary to dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex™) migration into the anterior chamber (AC). Observations A 53-year-old man with a history of bilateral idiopathic chronic uveitis, had a right anterior vitrectomy and AC intraocular lens (ACIOL) with a peripheral iridotomy. He received an intravitreal Ozurdex™ implant for right cystoid macular oedema (CMO). Three months later he developed pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and underwent a Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), combined with IOL exchange (ACIOL explantation followed by scleral fixated posterior chamber IOL). He developed recurrent CMO post-operatively, for which he had a second Ozurdex™ implant. Six weeks following the implant he presented with reduced vision and corneal graft failure with migration of the Ozurdex™ implant into the AC. Despite prompt surgical removal of the implant, the graft did not recover and he underwent a repeat DSAEK. Conclusions and importance Ophthalmologists should be aware of this adverse event and the importance of early implant removal to reduce the risk of permanent corneal oedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa A Madi
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Queen Alexandra Road, Sunderland SR2 9HP, UK
| | - Stephen J Morgan
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Queen Alexandra Road, Sunderland SR2 9HP, UK
| | - Saurabh Ghosh
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, Queen Alexandra Road, Sunderland SR2 9HP, UK
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Srinivasan P, Jayadev C, Shetty R. The nomadic Ozurdex ®: Anterior migration of the dexamethasone implant and back! Oman J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:109-111. [PMID: 28757698 PMCID: PMC5516454 DOI: 10.4103/0974-620x.209110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone intravitreal implantation has been used in various retinal and uveal pathologies. Common complications include cataract formation and raised intraocular pressure. Although uncommon, migration of the implant has also been well reported. We describe a case with migration of the implant into the anterior chamber in a patient with a scleral-fixated intraocular lens, which was managed noninvasively by pupillary dilatation and positioning of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Srinivasan
- Department of Vitreoretina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaitra Jayadev
- Department of Vitreoretina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Shetty
- Department of Vitreoretina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining intravitreal dexamethasone implantation (Ozurdex) with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on cases where Ozurdex injection was performed in the operating room in conjunction with pars plana vitrectomy. Our primary outcome measure was the presence of surgical complications in the perioperative and 3-month postoperative window. We also measured visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and macular edema at baseline, one, and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS Fifteen eyes in 14 cases were reviewed. There were no complications intraoperatively or at 1-month postoperatively. Two patients (2 eyes) with prior retinal detachment developed proliferative vitreoretinopathy and redetachment at 3 months. Visual acuity improved in 7 of 15 eyes, and an average improvement of 2 lines was achieved for the entire cohort. There was no overall change in intraocular pressure although 1 patient developed an increase in intraocular pressure >5 mmHg. Five of 9 patients with baseline macular edema experienced improvement or resolution at 3 months. CONCLUSION Intraoperative Ozurdex in combination with PPV may be safe and effective in treating macular edema caused by many different underlying diseases.
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Anterior segment migration of dexamethasone implant: risk factors, complications, and management. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2017; 28:246-251. [PMID: 28376511 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the risk factors, clinical course, and complications related to anterior segment migration of a dexamethasone (DEX) intravitreal implant, and review over potential management strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Recent reports have demonstrated that migration of a DEX implant into the anterior chamber may occur in patients with higher risk ocular characteristics. Although a relatively rare occurrence, DEX implant migration carries the possibility of inducing potentially vision-threatening corneal endothelial decompensation and edema. SUMMARY Any combination of previous pars plana vitrectomy, an open/defective lens capsule, and/or iris defects may increase the risk of DEX implant migration into the anterior chamber. In the setting of a DEX implant that has moved into the anterior segment with corneal edema already present, urgent removal of the implant is warranted to reduce the risk of permanent visual compromise.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To discuss the characteristics, indications and adverse events (AEs) of sustained-release corticosteroid devices for the treatment of cystoid macular edema (CME). RECENT FINDINGS Ozurdex® is approved for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME), retinal vein occlusion related-CME and noninfectious posterior uveitis (NIPU). It releases dexamethasone over a maximum period of 6 months making repeated intravitreal injections necessary for recurrent CME. Iluvien® releases fluocinolone for up to 36 months and is effective for the treatment of chronic DME. Retisert® (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY) also releases fluocinolone, and is approved for chronic NIPU. Both Iluvien® and Retisert® are non-biodegradable devices and are highly associated with cataract and glaucoma. SUMMARY Long-acting intraocular corticosteroid formulations offer a more predictable drug-release profile and reduced dosing frequency in comparison to conventional formulations of the same compounds but the risk-benefit ratio must be taken into consideration previous to the implantation of those devices.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a surgical technique for complete and safe dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex; Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA) removal from anterior chamber. METHODS Description of a new surgical technique for Ozurdex removal using a lens injector cartridge. RESULTS Dexamethasone implant was removed completely from anterior chamber with no damage to corneal endothelium or posterior chamber luxation in a patient with Ozurdex anterior chamber migration. CONCLUSION Dexamethasone implants can be removed from anterior chamber in an easy, cheap, fast, and save way.
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Bernal L, Estévez B. Corneal toxicity after Ozurdex(®) migration into anterior chamber. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2016; 91:292-294. [PMID: 26922138 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a case of corneal toxicity after migration of a dexamethasone implant into the anterior chamber. CASE REPORT A 62-year-old man with aphakia and a history of vitrectomy received a dexamethasone implant for a refractory Irvine-Gass syndrome. Thirty days later, the implant migrated into the anterior chamber causing endothelial contact with secondary corneal oedema that justified the removal of the implant without resolution of the oedema. DISCUSSION Clinical tolerability to dislocated implant is poor in cases with pre-existing corneal oedema, and because of this, it must be removed early. In cases of aphakia and vitrectomy, the increased risk of Ozurdex(®) dislocation justifies performing a prior endothelial count.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bernal
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil, de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.
| | - B Estévez
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil, de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
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Patel S, Garapati C, Chowdhury P, Gupta H, Nesamony J, Nauli S, Boddu SH. Development and evaluation of dexamethasone nanomicelles with potential for treating posterior uveitis after topical application. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015; 31:215-27. [PMID: 25839185 PMCID: PMC11075078 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2014.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims at the development and preliminary evaluation of dexamethasone nanomicelles for treating posterior uveitis. Nanomicelles were formulated using polyoxyl 40 stearate (P40S) and polysorbate 80 (P80), which are approved by the FDA for ocular use. METHODS Dexamethasone nanomicelles were prepared and characterized for critical micellar concentration, solubility of dexamethasone, particle size, surface charge, morphology, in vitro drug release, clarity, stability, filtration efficiency, and sterility. Ocular tolerance and the tissue drug distribution of dexamethasone were assessed in rabbits after single and multiple topical administration. RESULTS Dexamethasone nanomicelles (0.1% w/v) were successfully developed and characterized with an optimized composition of P40S/P80=7/3 by weight. The mean diameter of blank and drug-loaded nanomicelles was 13.3±0.4 and 14.5±0.4 nm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed the spherical structure of nanomicelles. Nanomicelles were found to be stable with respect to clarity, size and drug content at 4°C and 25°C for up to 6 months. No irritation or redness was observed in the treated eyes as compared with the untreated control rabbit eyes. Therapeutic concentrations of dexamethasone were observed in the retina and choroid after single and multiple topical application in rabbits. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the nanomicelles of P40S and P80 could efficiently solubilize 0.1% dexamethasone in their cores. The results also indicate that mixed nanomicelles could be utilized as a potential delivery system for delivering dexamethasone to treat the back of the eye diseases such as posterior uveitis after topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohi Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Chandrasekhar Garapati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Pallabita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Himanshu Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Jerry Nesamony
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Surya Nauli
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Sai H.S. Boddu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
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Kocak N, Ozturk T, Karahan E, Kaynak S. Anterior migration of dexamethasone implant in a pseudophakic patient with intact posterior capsule. Indian J Ophthalmol 2014; 62:1086-1088. [PMID: 25494252 PMCID: PMC4290200 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.146763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravitreal application of Ozurdex® (Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) which is a biodegradable, sustained-release dexamethasone implant has been reported to be effective in the treatment of macular edema. Migration of such implant into the anterior chamber has been recently described in cases without perfect zonular or the posterior capsular integrity. Herein, we report the first case with anterior migration of Ozurdex® implant that mislocated just behind the intraocular lens (IOL) in an intact capsular bag. It is thought that such implant migrated anteriorly towards into the posterior chamber through weak zonules as the present case had a medical history of uneventful phacoemulsification surgery with the implantation of posterior chamber IOL. However, the migrated implant was well tolerated since there was no sign of the corneal complication, rise in intraocular pressure, and anterior chamber reaction. Close follow-up was scheduled to find out any signs of anterior segment pathology. Meanwhile dexamethasone implant completely degraded at the 4th month of postoperative follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylan Ozturk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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