1
|
Liang Y, Li Z, Zhang J, Li T, Lv C. Comparison of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Binding and Agonist Activities of Typical Glucocorticoids: Insights into Their Endocrine Disrupting Effects. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301525. [PMID: 38129310 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) have been widely used in clinical practice and animal husbandry. Given the health hazard of these toxic residues in food, it is necessary to explore the detailed interaction mechanisms of typical GCs and their main target glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Hence, this work compared the GR binding and agonist activities of typical GCs. Fluorescence polarization assay showed that these GCs were potent ligands of GR. Their GR binding affinities were in the order of methylprednisolone>betamethasone≈prednisolone>dexamethasone, with IC50 values of 1.67, 2.94, 2.95, and 5.58 nM. Additionally, the limits of detection of dexamethasone, betamethasone, prednisolone, and methylprednisolone were 0.32, 0.14, 0.19, and 0.09 μg/kg in fluorescence polarization assay. Reporter gene assay showed that these GCs induced GR transactivation in a dose-dependent manner, confirming their GR agonist activities. Among which, dexamethasone at the concentration of 100 nM produced a maximal induction of more than 11-fold over the blank control. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions played an important role in stabilizing the GC-GR-LBD complexes. In summary, this work might help to understand the GR-mediated endocrine disrupting effects of typical GCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhuolin Li
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Tiezhu Li
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Chengyu Lv
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
The formyl peptide receptor 2 (ALX/FPR2), a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), plays an important role in host defense and inflammation. This receptor can be driven as pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on its agonist, such as N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-Lys (fMLFK) and resolvin D1 (RvD1) or its aspirin-triggered 17 (R)-epimer, AT-RvD1, respectively. However, the activation mechanism of ALX/FPR2 by pro- and anti-inflammatory agonists remains unclear. In this work, on the basis of molecular dynamics simulations, we evaluated a model of the ALX/FPR2 receptor activation process using two agonists, fMLFK and AT-RvD1, with opposite effects. The simulations by both fMLFK and AT-RvD1 induced the ALX/FPR2 activation through a set of receptor-core residues, in particular, R205, Q258, and W254. In addition, the activation was dependent on the disruption of electrostatic interactions in the cytoplasmic region of the receptor. We also found that in the AT-RvD1 simulations, the position of the H8 helix was similar to that of the same helix in other class-A GPCRs coupled to arrestin. Thus our results shed light on the mechanism of activation of the ALX/FPR2 receptor by pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Schmitz Nunes
- Laboratório de Química Computacional Medicinal, UFTM, Uberaba, Minas Gerais 38015-050, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Modelagem Computacional, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P Rogério
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia Experimental, UFTM, Uberaba, Minas Gerais 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Odonírio Abrahão
- Laboratório de Química Computacional Medicinal, UFTM, Uberaba, Minas Gerais 38015-050, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shang Y, Kuang M, Wang Z, Huang Y, Liu L, Zhao X, Zhang R, Zhao Y, Peng R, Sun S, Yang Q, Yang Z. An Ultrashort Peptide-Based Supramolecular Hydrogel Mimicking IGF-1 to Alleviate Glucocorticoid-Induced Sarcopenia. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:34678-34688. [PMID: 32668906 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common disease in older people due to aging, and it can also occur in midlife because of diseases including cancer. Sarcopenia, characterized by rapid loss of muscle mass and accelerated loss of function, can lead to adverse outcomes such as frailty, falls, and even mortality. The development of pharmacological and therapeutic approaches to treat sarcopenia remains challenging. The growth status and quantity of myoblasts are the key factors directly affecting muscle formation. Therefore, enhancing the function of myoblasts is crucial for the treatment of sarcopenia. In our study, we introduced an insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) mimicking supramolecular nanofibers/hydrogel formed by Nap-FFGSSSR that effectively promoted proliferation and significantly reduced dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of myoblasts, assisted myoblasts to differentiate into myotubes, and prevented the fibrosis of muscle tissue and the deposition of collagen, ultimately achieving outstanding effects in the treatment of sarcopenia. The RNA-sequencing results revealed that our nanofibers possessed similar bioactivity to the growth factor IGF-1, which increased the phosphorylation of Akt by activating the insulin signaling pathway. We prepared novel supramolecular nanomaterials to reverse glucocorticoid-induced myoblast dysfunction, which was promising for the treatment of muscular atrophy. In addition, we envisioned the generation of biofunctional nanomaterials by molecular self-assembly for the treatment of chronic diseases in middle-aged and older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Shang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Kuang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xige Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P. R. China
| | - Rong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shenghuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kimura H, Kurusu H, Sada M, Kurai D, Murakami K, Kamitani W, Tomita H, Katayama K, Ryo A. Molecular pharmacology of ciclesonide against SARS-CoV-2. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:330-331. [PMID: 32593491 PMCID: PMC7293530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Kurusu
- Advanced Medical Science Research Center, Gunma Paz University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sada
- Advanced Medical Science Research Center, Gunma Paz University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Murakami
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Kamitani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruyoshi Tomita
- Department of Bacteriology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Orduna-Valls JM, Cedeno DL, Nebreda-Clavo C, Tornero-Tornero C, Alvarez-Escudero J, Martinez MF, Valverde-Navarro AA, Ruiz-Sauri A. Microscopic Study of Injectable Steroids: Effects of Postmixing Time on Particle Aggregation. Pain Physician 2020; 23:E417-E424. [PMID: 32709188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidural steroid injection (ESI) is a common practice for pain treatment since 1953. In 2014, the FDA issued a warning about ESI. Studies have focused on the effect of the particle size and their ability to generate harmful aggregates. Although steroid aggregates provide longer times for reabsorption, therefore a longer anti-inflammatory effect, they are potentially harmful to the central nervous system via embolic mechanisms.Previous studies have established that steroidal aggregates with asizes over 100 mu m are potentially able to occlude blood vessels. Studies by Tiso et al and Benzon et al addressed the role of steroids on CNS adverse events, with similar outcomes. The main difference was on the role of aggregates with a size over 100 mu m, which Benzon et al. attributed to the ability of certain steroid preparations to rapidly precipitate and form large aggregates. OBJECTIVES Studying the effect of the time elapsed between mixing the steroid preparation and injection on the number and size of aggregates with sizes above 100 mu m. STUDY DESIGN Original study in basic science. SETTING Basic scienceMETHODS: Steroids evaluated are commonly used in Spain for ESI: betamethasone, triamcinolone, and dexamethasone. The size and number of the aggregates was determined for undiluted commercial steroid preparations in the usual amount for a single and double dosage used for ESI.Samples were examined with a Leica TCS-SP2 microscope at the first, the fifth and the 30th minute after shaking the preparations. Aggregates observed in the different preparations were manually counted and grouped in the following size range: 0-20, 20-50, 50-100, 100-300, 300-500 and > 500 mu m.Statistical analysis was carried out using the R software. Nonparametric techniques were used in the comparison of aggregate size. Global comparison of the groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc comparisons using the Wilcoxon test, adjusting P-values by the Holm method for multiple comparisonsRESULTS: Aggregates present in triamcinolone and betamethasone samples were statistically larger than in dexamethasone samples. Triamcinolone suspensions produced significantly larger aggregates than betamethasone five minutes after mixing. Triamcinolone preparations produced greater particle aggregates (> 500 mu m), which were not present in dexamethasone and betamethasone preparations. LIMITATIONS Study how the human internal factors like blood elements and spinal fluid could interact with steroids and influence the size of the aggregates formed. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the size of the particles injected depends on the type of steroid and the time allowed between mixing and injecting. The results demonstrate that waiting longer than 5 minutes between mixing and injecting can predispose the formation of potentially harmful aggregates in triamcinolone and betamethasone samples. The presence of greater particle aggregates (> 500 mu m) may occlude some important vessels and arteries with serious adverse results. Vigorous shaking of the injectable could prevent such events. KEY WORDS Epidural steroid injection, triamcinolone, betamethasone, dexamethasone, steroid aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Orduna-Valls
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Management, Clinic University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Clínica Indolor Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David L Cedeno
- Millennium Pain Center, Bloomington, IL; Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, Illinois
| | - Carlos Nebreda-Clavo
- Instituto Aliaga-Millenium Pain Center Barcelona, Clínica Teknon, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Tornero-Tornero
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Management, Clinic University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Clínica Indolor Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Mireya Ferrandis Martinez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Management, Clinic University Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pozzi-Lorenzo VG, Delgado-Martínez FY, Butler-Sánchez M, Melin K, Santiago-Quiñones DI. Physicochemical Evaluation of Compounded Oral Preparations for Respiratory Illnesses, also known as Mezclitas. P R Health Sci J 2020; 39:189-194. [PMID: 32663916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Compounded oral solutions for respiratory illnesses such as the common cold and cough are commonly prepared and dispensed by licensed pharmacists in the United States and Puerto Rico (PR). Standard protocols for their preparation and quality assessment and for patient counseling are available for most of the prescribed compounded solutions. However, in PR there is a common prescription approach colloquially referred to as "mezclitas": mixtures of antitussives, expectorants, decongestants, and other active ingredients available in commercial solutions for which there are no science-driven compounding guidelines for local pharmacists. METHODS This study evaluated the physicochemical stability of a commonly dispensed compounded preparation (containing guaifenesin, dextromethorphan, and dexamethasone) that is used for the treatment of respiratory illnesses in PR. The stability indicators tested included clarity, odor, pH, and viscosity. Changes in stability indicators were evaluated for different storage conditions (ambient temperature and refrigerated) over a period of 6 months. RESULTS The samples exhibited small changes in color, odor, and viscosity. Although the observed changes were small, they may be indicative of chemical and/or physical transformations that occurred over time. A survey of local pharmacists also evidenced the absence of standardized protocols for the preparation and dispensation of the mezclitas in PR. CONCLUSION In spite of the absence of protocols for compounding oral solutions for respiratory illnesses, our study suggests that the stability of such solutions is not heavily compromised. However further chemical and physical testing is needed and the findings of such testing used to develop standardized protocols for the compounding of oral solutions for respiratory illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa G Pozzi-Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Frances Y Delgado-Martínez
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Maralis Butler-Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kyle Melin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Darlene I Santiago-Quiñones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Metrione LC, Hunter D, Penfold LM. Seasonal Changes in Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolite Concentrations in Bison ( Bison bison) Living with or without Wolves ( Canis lupus). J Wildl Dis 2020; 56:175-178. [PMID: 31295081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The threat of predation can cause increased adrenal secretion of glucocorticoids that, if sustained, can result in chronic stress that might predispose animals to disease, reduced growth, or poor fertility. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations were measured between September 2011 and July 2012 in two Montana bison (Bison bison) herds, one herd living with and the other without wolves (Canis lupus) in their habitat. The relevance of FGM concentrations (as measured by the corticosterone enzyme immunoassay) and a confirmation of an acute adrenal response was demonstrated by transient increases (P<0.001) in FGM concentrations in bison herded through a chute system and following a wolf encounter. The FGM concentrations were higher in the herd with wolves than the herd without wolves overall (P=0.045), but the monthly differences between the herds were inconsistent (magnitude=0.3-3.5 µg/g; P=0.011 month×herd). The herd with wolves had higher FGM in April, June, July, September, and November, but the herd without wolves had higher FGM in January, February, and May. Seasonal changes in FGM concentrations (P<0.001) were measured across the year in both herds (magnitude=10.8 and 6.9 µg/g, respectively), exceeding any differences between herds potentially attributable to wolf presence. Concentrations of FGM were highest in April-July and were lowest in January-February. Evidence of a chronic stress response was not found, and increased disease susceptibility in the bison living with wolves seems unlikely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara C Metrione
- South-East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction and Conservation, 581705 White Oak Road, Yulee, Florida 32097, USA
| | - David Hunter
- Turner Enterprises, Inc., 901 Technology Boulevard, Bozeman, Montana 59718, USA
| | - Linda M Penfold
- South-East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction and Conservation, 581705 White Oak Road, Yulee, Florida 32097, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hamden JE, Salehzadeh M, Jalabert C, O'Leary TP, Snyder JS, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Soma KK. Measurement of 11-dehydrocorticosterone in mice, rats and songbirds: Effects of age, sex and stress. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 281:173-182. [PMID: 31145891 PMCID: PMC6751571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are secreted into the blood by the adrenal glands and are also locally-produced by organs such as the lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus, and spleen). Corticosterone is the primary circulating GC in many species, including mice, rats and birds. Within lymphoid organs, corticosterone can be locally produced from the inactive metabolite, 11-dehydrocorticosterone (DHC). However, very little is known about endogenous DHC levels, and no immunoassays are currently available to measure DHC. Here, we developed an easy-to-use and inexpensive immunoassay to measure DHC that is accurate, precise, sensitive, and specific. The DHC immunoassay was validated in multiple ways, including comparison with a mass spectrometry assay. After assay validations, we demonstrated the usefulness of this immunoassay by measuring DHC (and corticosterone) in mice, rats and song sparrows. Overall, corticosterone levels were higher than DHC levels across species. In Study 1, using mice, we measured steroids in whole blood and lymphoid organs at postnatal day (PND) 5, PND23, and PND90. Corticosterone and DHC showed distinct tissue-specific patterns across development. In Studies 2 and 3, we measured circulating corticosterone and DHC in adult rats and song sparrows, before and after restraint stress. In rats and song sparrows, restraint stress rapidly increased circulating levels of both steroids. This novel DHC immunoassay revealed major changes in DHC concentrations during development and in response to stress, which have important implications for understanding GC physiology, effects of stress on immune function, and regulation of local GC levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Hamden
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melody Salehzadeh
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cecilia Jalabert
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy P O'Leary
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jason S Snyder
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- Endocrine and Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Division of Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Kiran K Soma
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jouve R, Thery V, Ducki S, Helfenbein J, Thiery JC, Job A, Picard E, Mallet C, Ripoche I, Bennis K. Optimization of the synthesis of a key intermediate for the preparation of glucocorticoids. Steroids 2018; 137:14-21. [PMID: 30017852 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A short and efficient synthesis, based on a one-step double elimination, of a key intermediate in the synthesis of various glucocorticosteroids has been developed. This method can be carried out on large scale for further industrial applications. The synthesis allowed us to identify a novel prednisolone derivative 10 and its anti-inflammatory activity was determined in an in vivo model of inflammation. In order to understand the regioselectivity of the double elimination under various conditions, mechanistic studies were undertaken and confirmed the experimental results. We also propose a mechanism for the formation of the new steroid 10 studied by molecular modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Jouve
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Thery
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvie Ducki
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Aurélie Job
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elodie Picard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Mallet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Ripoche
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Khalil Bennis
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yamaguchi T, Lee JH, Lim AR, Sim JS, Yu EJ, Oh TJ. Bioconversion of Corticosterone into Corticosterone-Glucoside by Glucosyltransferase. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071783. [PMID: 30029555 PMCID: PMC6100193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosylation of the 21-hydroxyl group of glucocorticoid changes its solubility into hydrophilicity from hydrophobicity and, as with glucocorticoid glucuronides as a moving object in vivo, it is conceivable that it exhibits the same behavior. Therefore, glucosylation to the 21-hydroxyl group while maintaining the 11β-hydroxyl group is particularly important, and glucosylation of corticosterone was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry and 1D (¹H and 13C) and 2D (COSY, ROESY, HSQC-DEPT and HMBC) NMR. Moreover, the difference in bioactivity between corticosterone and corticosterone 21-glucoside was investigated in vitro. Corticosterone 21-glucoside showed greater neuroprotective effects against H₂O₂-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with corticosterone. These results for the first time demonstrate that bioconversion of corticosterone through the region-selective glucosylation of a novel compound can present structural potential for developing new neuroprotective agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tokutaro Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
- Genome-based BioIT Convergence Institute, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
| | - Joo-Ho Lee
- Genome-based BioIT Convergence Institute, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
| | - A-Rang Lim
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
| | - Joon-Soo Sim
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Eun-Ji Yu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
- Genome-based BioIT Convergence Institute, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kaddah S, Khreich N, Kaddah F, Khrouz L, Charcosset C, Greige-Gerges H. Corticoids modulate liposome membrane fluidity and permeability depending on membrane composition and experimental protocol design. Biochimie 2018; 153:33-45. [PMID: 29935242 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Given that literature data may give inconsistent results on the effect of a drug on lipid membrane properties, this work aims to investigate the impact of the liposome composition and experimental protocol design on glucocorticoids (GRs: cortisol, cortisone, fludrocortisone acetate, methylprednisolone, prednisolone and prednisone)-modulating membrane fluidity and permeability. GRs-loaded liposomes consisting of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and cholesterol (CHOL) were prepared by reverse phase evaporation technique (REV) at DPPC:CHOL:GR molar ratios of 100:100:2.5, and 100:100:10. The formulations were characterized for their size and homogeneity, encapsulation efficiency and loading rates of GRs, incorporation rates and loading rates of DPPC and CHOL. Changes in DPPC membrane fluidity (CHOL% 0, 10, 20, 30 and 100) after exposure to methylprednisolone were monitored by using 5- and 16-doxyl stearic acids (DSA) as spin probes. For permeability studies, the above-mentioned GRs-loaded liposomes and the preformed liposomes exposed to GRs (2.5 mol%) were compared for the leakage of an encapsulated fluorescent dye, sulforhodamine B (SRB), at 37 °C in buffer (pH 7.5) containing NaCl. The SRB release kinetics were analyzed by the Higuchi model for two release phases (from 0 to 10 h, and from 10 to 48 h). All formulations exhibited a monodispersed size distribution of liposomes with a mean particle value close to 0.4 μm, also the DPPC and CHOL were highly incorporated (>95%). High loading rate values of DPPC and CHOL were also obtained. Except for fludrocortisone acetate (51%) and prednisolone (77%), high loading rate values of GRs were obtained (>81%). Fluidity and permeability studies showed that the GR concentration, CHOL content, experimental protocol design including the period of incubation represent critical parameters to be considered in analyzing the effect of drugs on the membrane properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Kaddah
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanon; Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, France
| | - Nathalie Khreich
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Kaddah
- École Supérieure d'ingénieurs de Beyrouth, Université Saint Joseph, Beyrouth, Mar Roukoz-Dekwaneh, Lebanon
| | - Lhoussain Khrouz
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon (ENS), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, France
| | - Catherine Charcosset
- Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, France
| | - Hélène Greige-Gerges
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Clarisse D, Van Wesemael K, Tavernier J, Offner F, Beck IM, De Bosscher K. Effect of combining glucocorticoids with Compound A on glucocorticoid receptor responsiveness in lymphoid malignancies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197000. [PMID: 29738549 PMCID: PMC5940183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a cornerstone in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies such as multiple myeloma (MM) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Yet, prolonged GC use is hampered by deleterious GC-related side effects and the emergence of GC resistance. To tackle and overcome these GC-related problems, the applicability of selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists and modulators was studied, in search of fewer side-effects and at least equal therapeutic efficacy as classic GCs. Compound A (CpdA) is a prototypical example of such a selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator and does not support GR-mediated transactivation. Here, we examined whether the combination of CpdA with the classic GC dexamethasone (Dex) may improve GC responsiveness of MM and ALL cell lines. We find that the combination of Dex and CpdA does not substantially enhance GC-mediated cell killing. In line, several apoptosis hallmarks, such as caspase 3/7 activity, PARP cleavage and the levels of cleaved-caspase 3 remain unchanged upon combining Dex with CpdA. Moreover, we monitor no additional inhibition of cell proliferation and the homologous downregulation of GR is not counteracted by the combination of Dex and CpdA. In addition, CpdA is unable to modulate Dex-liganded GR transactivation and transrepression, yet, Dex-mediated transrepression is also aberrant in these lymphoid cell lines. Together, transrepression-favoring compounds, alone or combined with GCs, do not seem a valid strategy in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Clarisse
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karlien Van Wesemael
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fritz Offner
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilse M. Beck
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Health Sciences, Odisee University College, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), Department for Biomolecular Medicine, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Uppalapati D, Sharma M, Aqrawe Z, Coutinho F, Rupenthal ID, Boyd BJ, Travas-Sejdic J, Svirskis D. Micelle directed chemical polymerization of polypyrrole particles for the electrically triggered release of dexamethasone base and dexamethasone phosphate. Int J Pharm 2018; 543:38-45. [PMID: 29581065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Conducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) can be used as electrically responsive drug delivery systems typically prepared by electrochemical polymerisation, however, the amount of drug that can be delivered is typically low. To increase drug delivery capacity and prepare larger amounts of polymer, PPy nanoparticles were produced by chemical polymerisation over drug-loaded micelles. Two forms of dexamethasone were included to increase total drug loading and to explore the mechanisms of loading and release. The particles produced were approximately 50 nm in size and their conductivity and reversible redox activity were demonstrated. Loading of the hydrophobic dexamethasone base was more efficient than for the more hydrophilic phosphate salt. After pressing the particles into the desired form, electrically-responsive drug release was achieved with a pulsed potential signal being the most effective way to trigger release. Notably, the anionic phosphate salt of the drug was more sensitive to electrically stimulated release than the uncharged base of dexamethasone, highlighting the role of electrostatic forces in driving drug release. This system has potential to be loaded with different drugs widening the scope of application of these smart particles to treat a range of disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dedeepya Uppalapati
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Manisha Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zaid Aqrawe
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Frazer Coutinho
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ilva D Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Victoria, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Victoria, Australia
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McDowell IC, Manandhar D, Vockley CM, Schmid AK, Reddy TE, Engelhardt BE. Clustering gene expression time series data using an infinite Gaussian process mixture model. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1005896. [PMID: 29337990 PMCID: PMC5786324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome-wide time series expression profiling is used to characterize the cellular response to environmental perturbations. The first step to analyzing transcriptional response data is often to cluster genes with similar responses. Here, we present a nonparametric model-based method, Dirichlet process Gaussian process mixture model (DPGP), which jointly models data clusters with a Dirichlet process and temporal dependencies with Gaussian processes. We demonstrate the accuracy of DPGP in comparison to state-of-the-art approaches using hundreds of simulated data sets. To further test our method, we apply DPGP to published microarray data from a microbial model organism exposed to stress and to novel RNA-seq data from a human cell line exposed to the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. We validate our clusters by examining local transcription factor binding and histone modifications. Our results demonstrate that jointly modeling cluster number and temporal dependencies can reveal shared regulatory mechanisms. DPGP software is freely available online at https://github.com/PrincetonUniversity/DP_GP_cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. McDowell
- Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Genomic & Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dinesh Manandhar
- Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Genomic & Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Vockley
- Center for Genomic & Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amy K. Schmid
- Center for Genomic & Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Timothy E. Reddy
- Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Genomic & Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barbara E. Engelhardt
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- Center for Statistics and Machine Learning, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abboud R, Akil M, Charcosset C, Greige-Gerges H. Interaction of glucocorticoids and progesterone derivatives with human serum albumin. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:271-278. [PMID: 28435101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rola Abboud
- Bioactive Molecules Research Group, PRASE, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanon; Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR-CNRS 5007, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, Bat 308G, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Mohammad Akil
- Kalma laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Catherine Charcosset
- Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés (LAGEP), UMR-CNRS 5007, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, Bat 308G, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Greige-Gerges
- Bioactive Molecules Research Group, PRASE, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The most effective anti-inflammatory drugs used to treat patients with airways disease are topical glucocorticosteroids (GCs). These act on virtually all cells within the airway to suppress airway inflammation or prevent the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the airway. They also have profound effects on airway structural cells to reverse the effects of disease on their function. Glucorticosteroids act via specific receptors-the glucocorticosteroid receptor (GR)-which are a member of the nuclear receptor family. As such, many of the important actions of GCs are to modulate gene transcription through a number of distinct and complementary mechanisms. Targets genes include most inflammatory mediators such as chemokines, cytokines, growth factors and their receptors. GCs delivered by the inhaled route are very effective for most patients and have few systemic side effects. However, in some patients, even high doses of topical or even systemic GCs fail to control their disease. A number of mechanisms relating to inflammation have been reported to be responsible for the failure of these patients to respond correctly to GCs and these provide insight into GC actions within the airways. In these patients, the side-effect profile of GCs prevent continued use of high doses and new drugs are needed for these patients. Targeting the defective pathways associated with GC function in these patients may also reactivate GC responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
| | - Sharon Mumby
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Winblad L, Larsen CG, Håkansson K, Abrahamsen B, von Buchwald C. The risk of osteoporosis in oral steroid treatment for nasal polyposis: a systematic review. Rhinology 2017; 55:195-201. [PMID: 28492609 DOI: 10.4193/rhino15.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic glucocorticoids are often used in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and osteoporosis is a well-known complication to steroid treatment, associated with significant morbidity. Nevertheless, the burden of steroid induced osteoporosis is unknown in patients with CRSwNP. We aimed to assess the risk of acquiring osteoporosis caused by oral steroids in patients with CRSwNP, and provide recommendations on future research and guidelines. METHODOLOGY Cochrane Review Database, EMBASE, Ovid Medline, and PubMed were searched for studies including adult patients with CRSwNP treated with oral steroids. Outcomes were Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and prevalence of fractures in relation to dose and duration of oral steroids. In addition, we reviewed general guidelines for treatment with oral steroids. RESULTS We identified two studies (n=243) that met the inclusion criteria. Doses and durations of oral steroids were over 5 mg/day for more than 3 months and 1 mg/kg body weight/day for 6 to 10 days for 4 or more courses/year. The prevalence of low bone mass was 39% and 61%, respectively. It was not possible to quantify the overall risk of osteoporosis induced by oral steroids from the studies. No studies evaluated prevalence of fracture. CONCLUSIONS Registry studies and randomized controlled trials would be needed to assess the risk of osteoporosis in CRSwNP patients and future guidelines should include recommendations regarding preventive treatment and recommendations on doses and durations of oral steroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Winblad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C G Larsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Håkansson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Abrahamsen
- Department of Medicine, Holbaek Hospital, DK-4300 Holbaek, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - C von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fanson KV, Best EC, Bunce A, Fanson BG, Hogan LA, Keeley T, Narayan EJ, Palme R, Parrott ML, Sharp TM, Skogvold K, Tuthill L, Webster KN, Bashaw M. One size does not fit all: Monitoring faecal glucocorticoid metabolites in marsupials. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 244:146-156. [PMID: 26478011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Marsupial research, conservation, and management can benefit greatly from knowledge about glucocorticoid (GC) secretion patterns because GCs influence numerous aspects of physiology and play a crucial role in regulating an animal's response to stressors. Faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) offer a non-invasive tool for tracking changes in GCs over time. To date, there are relatively few validated assays for marsupials compared with other taxa, and those that have been published generally test only one assay. However, different assays can yield very different signals of adrenal activity. The goal of this study was to compare the performance of five different enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for monitoring adrenocortical activity via FGM in 13 marsupial species. We monitored FGM response to two types of events: biological stressors (e.g., transport, novel environment) and pharmacological stimulation (ACTH injection). For each individual animal and assay, FGM peaks were identified using the iterative baseline approach. Performance of the EIAs for each species was evaluated by determining (1) the percent of individuals with a detectable peak 0.125-4.5days post-event, and (2) the biological sensitivity of the assay as measured by strength of the post-event response relative to baseline variability (Z-score). Assays were defined as successful if they detected a peak in at least 50% of the individuals and the mean species response had a Z⩾2. By this criterion, at least one assay was successful in 10 of the 13 species, but the best-performing assay varied among species, even those species that were closely related. Furthermore, the ability to confidently assess assay performance was influenced by the experimental protocols used. We discuss the implications of our findings for biological validation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry V Fanson
- Wildlife Reproductive Centre, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, NSW, Australia; Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - Emily C Best
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ashley Bunce
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin G Fanson
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lindsay A Hogan
- Wildlife Biology Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia; Native Species Breeding Program (NSBP), Perth Zoo, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tamara Keeley
- Wildlife Biology Unit, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Edward J Narayan
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation & School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marissa L Parrott
- Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Trudy M Sharp
- Fowlers Gap Arid Zone Research Station, Centre of Ecosystem Science, School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Kim Skogvold
- Conservation Medicine Program, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Perth Zoo Veterinary Department, Perth Zoo, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Koa N Webster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Meredith Bashaw
- Wildlife Reproductive Centre, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Dubbo, NSW, Australia; Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Anderson L, Nelson N, Cree A. Glucocorticoids in tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus): Some influential factors, and applications in conservation management. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 244:54-59. [PMID: 26673869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones promote basic life processes, regulate life-history transitions, and help individuals cope with challenges and stressors, thereby playing an important fitness role. Here, we review recent evidence for several factors that influence plasma concentrations of corticosterone (CORT), the main GC in tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), and discuss the application of CORT as a physiological tool to monitor conservation efforts. Observational studies show an association between CORT concentrations and seasonal reproductive activity, ambient temperature, and ecological habitat parameters (including presence of rats/seabird abundance, sex-ratio, and genetic diversity), and experimental studies show a positive influence of acute temperature increase on the CORT response. Recently, CORT physiology has been applied as a monitoring tool in tuatara translocation programmes. No signs of chronic stress in CORT profiles were observed during standard short- and long-term translocation and rat eradication procedures, giving confidence that current conservation efforts are supportive in population recovery. These results provide a foundation for comparative understanding of stress physiology in reptiles, and will be critical for managing future population viability of tuatara in a changing environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Anderson
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Nicola Nelson
- Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Alison Cree
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Webster K, Narayan E, de Vos N. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolite response of captive koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) to visitor encounters. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 244:157-163. [PMID: 27418014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Physiological responses of wildlife species to zoo visitors should be studied to better understand how wildlife perceive human encounters. We conducted an experimental test of the effect of changes in zoo visitor encounter experiences on the glucocorticoid (GC) response of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in a Sydney zoo. Koalas were housed in a multiple-bay enclosure (two to three koalas per bay) for photography sessions with zoo visitors (no touching of koalas permitted by visitors). Following a one-week no-photography baseline period, photography sessions were rotated between three enclosure bays for four weeks (Intensive photography), then between five enclosure bays for an additional four weeks (Standard photography). A sixth enclosure bay was never included in the photography sessions (control bay); koalas in this bay showed no significant change in fecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) during the course of the study. In the five experimental bays differences were seen between male and female koalas. Males had higher mean FCMs than females, and individual FCM traces showed that two male koalas that were related and of similar age responded strongly to the experimental manipulation. These two males showed a peak in FCMs at the beginning of the Intensive photography period, then a decline when photography sessions returned to the Standard protocol. No systematic pattern in response to photography sessions was observed in females. Our results demonstrate successful application of a non-invasive endocrinology tool for assessing the stress biology and welfare of captive zoo wildlife.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koa Webster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Edward Narayan
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen Q, Li C, Gong Z, Chan ECY, Snyder SA, Lam SH. Common deregulated gene expression profiles and morphological changes in developing zebrafish larvae exposed to environmental-relevant high to low concentrations of glucocorticoids. Chemosphere 2017; 172:429-439. [PMID: 28092764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids have been detected in environmental waters and their biological potency have raised concerns of their impact on aquatic vertebrates especially fish. In this study, developing zebrafish larvae exposed to representative glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, prednisolone and triamcinolone) at 50 pM to 50 nM from 3 h post-fertilisation to 5 days post-fertilisation were investigated. Microarray analysis identified 1255, 1531, and 2380 gene probes, which correspondingly mapped to 660, 882 and 1238 human/rodent homologs, as deregulated by dexamethasone, prednisolone and triamcinolone, respectively. A total of 248 gene probes which mapped to 159 human/rodent homologs were commonly deregulated by the three glucocorticoids. These homologs were associated with over 20 molecular functions from cell cycle to cellular metabolisms, and were involved in the development and function of connective tissue, nervous, haematological, and digestive systems. Glucocorticoid receptor signalling, NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response and RAR signalling were among the top perturbed canonical pathways. Morphological analyses using four transgenic zebrafish lines revealed that the hepatic and endothelial-vascular systems were affected by all three glucocorticoids while nervous, pancreatic and myeloid cell systems were affected by one of them. Quantitative real-time PCR detected significant change in the expression of seven genes at 50 pM of all three glucocorticoids, a concentration comparable to total glucocorticoids reported in environmental waters. Three genes (cry2b, fbxo32, and klhl38b) responded robustly to all glucocorticoid concentrations tested. The common deregulated genes with the associated biological processes and morphological changes can be used for biological inference of glucocorticoid exposure in fish for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Chen
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Caixia Li
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shane A Snyder
- University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
| | - Siew Hong Lam
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pundir S, Wall CR, Mitchell CJ, Thorstensen EB, Lai CT, Geddes DT, Cameron-Smith D. Variation of Human Milk Glucocorticoids over 24 hour Period. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2017; 22:85-92. [PMID: 28144768 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-017-9375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) contains a complex array of hormones, including members of the glucocorticoid family. The predominant glucocorticoids, cortisol and cortisone may influence the growth and behaviour of the breastfed infant. However, little is understood of the factors regulating the levels of these hormones within HM. The aim of the study was to examine HM cortisol and cortisone concentration, measured in samples collected at each feed during a 24 hour period. Twenty three exclusively breastfeeding mothers collected milk, prior to and after each breastfeeding session over 24 hour period at 3.2(1.60) months. HM cortisol and cortisone levels were measured using high pressure liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy. Cortisone was the predominant glucocorticoid (3.40 ng/ml), and cortisol was detected in all samples (1.62 ng/ml). A positive correlation was found between cortisone and cortisol (r = 0.61, y = 1.93 ± 0.24, p < 0.0001). Cortisol and cortisone concentrations were significantly higher in feeds in the morning (2.97 ng/ml and 4.88 ng/ml), compared to afternoon (1.20 ng/ml and 3.54 ng/ml), evening (0.69 ng/ml and 2.13 ng/ml) and night (1.59 and 3.27 ng/ml). No difference was found between glucocorticoids level of the milk expressed for collection either before or immediately after the breastfeed, or between milk collected from the left or right breast. This study shows that HM glucocorticoid concentrations exhibit a 24 hour pattern, with highest peak levels in the early morning, reflecting the circadian pattern as previously reported in plasma. Thus, HM glucocorticoid concentrations are likely to reflect those in the maternal circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Pundir
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Clare R Wall
- Faculty of Medical and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cameron J Mitchell
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Eric B Thorstensen
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ching T Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ozella L, Anfossi L, Di Nardo F, Pessani D. Effect of weather conditions and presence of visitors on adrenocortical activity in captive African penguins (Spheniscus demersus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 242:49-58. [PMID: 26673870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A number of potential stressors are present in captive environments and it is critically important to identify them in order to improve health and welfare in ex situ animal populations. In this study, we investigated the adrenocortical activity of a colony of African penguins hosted in an immersive zoo in Italy, with respect to the presence of visitors and local microclimatic conditions, using the non-invasive method of assessing faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs). The penguins' exhibit is a large naturalistic outdoor enclosure, which closely reproduces the natural habitat of this species. Data collection took place from the beginning of June to the end of August 2014, during the period of maximum flow of visitors. We carried out 12 sampling periods, each involving 2 consecutive days; during the first day we counted the visitors and we registered the meteorological data, and on the second day, we collected the faecal samples, which amounted to a total of 285 faecal samples. Our results showed that the number of visitors did not influence the adrenocortical activity of the African penguins. Conversely, the local microclimatic conditions did influence the physiological stress on these birds. We found that an increase of the daily mean temperature induced a significant increase in FGM concentrations, although humidity and wind speed had a moderating effect on temperature and reduced the heat-induced stress. Moreover, we calculated two climatic indices, commonly used to assess the thermal discomfort in animals, namely the THI (Temperature-Humidity Index) and WCI (Wind Chill Index), and we detected a positive relationship between their values and the FGM levels, demonstrating that these indices could be useful indicators of weather discomfort in African penguins. Our study shows that the simulating naturalistic conditions could have significant benefits for zoo animals, such as reducing the negative effect of visitors. Nevertheless, it should be taken into account where the zoological facility is located and if the local microclimatic conditions are compatible with the hosted species, to ensure that they do not differ greatly from their natural habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ozella
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy.
| | - L Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - F Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - D Pessani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu G, Yeung S, Chen F. Compatibility and Stability of Rolapitant Injectable Emulsion Admixed with Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate. Int J Pharm Compd 2017; 21:66-75. [PMID: 28346199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist, and dexamethasone combination therapy is the standard of care for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Herein, we describe the physical and chemical stability of an injectable emulsion of the Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist rolapitant 185 mg in 92.5 mL (free base, 166.5 mg in 92.5 mL) admixed with either 2.5 mL of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (10 mg) or 5 mL of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (20 mg). Admixtures were prepared and stored in two types of container closures (glass and Crystal Zenith plastic bottles) and four types of intravenous administration tubing sets (or intravenous tubing sets). The assessment of the physical and chemical stability was conducted on admixtures packaged in bottled samples stored at room temperature (20°C to 25°C under fluorescent light) and evaluated at 0, 1, and 6 hours. For admixtures in intravenous tubing sets, the assessment of physicochemical stability was performed after 0 and 7 hours of storage at 20°C to 25°C, and then after 20 hours (total 27 hours) under refrigeration (2°C to 8°C) and protected from light. Physical stability was assessed by visually examining the bottle contents under normal room light and measuring turbidity and particulate matter. Chemical stability was assessed by measuring the pH of the admixture and determining drug concentrations through high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. Results showed that all samples were physically compatible throughout the duration of the study. The admixtures stayed within narrow and acceptable ranges in pH, turbidity, and particulate matter. Admixtures of rolapitant and dexamethasone were chemically stable when stored in glass and Crystal Zenith bottles for at least 6 hours at room temperature, as well as in the four selected intravenous tubing sets for 7 hours at 20°C to 25°C and then for 20 (total 27 hours) hours at 2°C to 8°C. No loss of potency of any admixed component occurred in the samples stored at the temperature ranges studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Wu
- TESARO Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Longest PW, Tian G, Khajeh-Hosseini-Dalasm N, Hindle M. Validating Whole-Airway CFD Predictions of DPI Aerosol Deposition at Multiple Flow Rates. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2016; 29:461-481. [PMID: 27082824 PMCID: PMC5220557 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2015.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to compare aerosol deposition predictions of a new whole-airway CFD model with available in vivo data for a dry powder inhaler (DPI) considered across multiple inhalation waveforms, which affect both the particle size distribution (PSD) and particle deposition. METHODS The Novolizer DPI with a budesonide formulation was selected based on the availability of 2D gamma scintigraphy data in humans for three different well-defined inhalation waveforms. Initial in vitro cascade impaction experiments were conducted at multiple constant (square-wave) particle sizing flow rates to characterize PSDs. The whole-airway CFD modeling approach implemented the experimentally determined PSDs at the point of aerosol formation in the inhaler. Complete characteristic airway geometries for an adult were evaluated through the lobar bronchi, followed by stochastic individual pathway (SIP) approximations through the tracheobronchial region and new acinar moving wall models of the alveolar region. RESULTS It was determined that the PSD used for each inhalation waveform should be based on a constant particle sizing flow rate equal to the average of the inhalation waveform's peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) and mean flow rate [i.e., AVG(PIFR, Mean)]. Using this technique, agreement with the in vivo data was acceptable with <15% relative differences averaged across the three regions considered for all inhalation waveforms. Defining a peripheral to central deposition ratio (P/C) based on alveolar and tracheobronchial compartments, respectively, large flow-rate-dependent differences were observed, which were not evident in the original 2D in vivo data. CONCLUSIONS The agreement between the CFD predictions and in vivo data was dependent on accurate initial estimates of the PSD, emphasizing the need for a combination in vitro-in silico approach. Furthermore, use of the AVG(PIFR, Mean) value was identified as a potentially useful method for characterizing a DPI aerosol at a constant flow rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Worth Longest
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Geng Tian
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Michael Hindle
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rodriguez JM, Monsalves-Alvarez M, Henriquez S, Llanos MN, Troncoso R. Glucocorticoid resistance in chronic diseases. Steroids 2016; 115:182-192. [PMID: 27643454 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are involved in several responses triggered by a variety of environmental and physiological stimuli. These hormones have a wide-range of regulatory effects in organisms. Synthetic glucocorticoids are extensively used to suppress allergic, inflammatory, and immune disorders. Although glucocorticoids are highly effective for therapeutic purposes, some patients chronically treated with glucocorticoids can develop reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity or even resistance, increasing patient vulnerability to exaggerated inflammatory responses. Glucocorticoid resistance can occur in several chronic diseases, including asthma, major depression, and cardiovascular conditions. In this review, we discuss the complexity of the glucocorticoid receptor and the potential role of glucocorticoid resistance in the development of chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Rodriguez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Matías Monsalves-Alvarez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Henriquez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Miguel N Llanos
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jia A, Wu S, Daniels KD, Snyder SA. Balancing the Budget: Accounting for Glucocorticoid Bioactivity and Fate during Water Treatment. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:2870-80. [PMID: 26840181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have identified the presence and bioactivity of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) active substances in water; however, the identification and activity-balance of GR compounds remained elusive. This study determined the occurrence and attenuation of GR bioactivity and closed the balance by determining those substances responsible. The observed in vitro GR activity ranged from 39 to 155 ng dexamethasone-equivalent/L (ng Dex-EQ/L) in the secondary effluents of four wastewater treatment plants. Monochromatic ultraviolet light of 80 mJ/cm(2) disinfection dose was efficient for GR activity photolysis, whereas chlorination could not appreciably attenuate the observed GR activity. Ozonation was effective only at relatively high dose (ozone/TOC 1:1). Microfiltration membranes were not efficient for GR activity attenuation; however, reverse osmosis removed GR activity to levels below the limits of detection. A high-sensitivity liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was then developed to screen 27 GR agonists. Twelve were identified and quantified in effluents at summed concentrations of 9.6-21.2 ng/L. The summed Dex-EQ of individual compounds based on their measured concentrations was in excellent agreement with the Dex-EQ obtained from bioassay, which demonstrated that the detected glucocorticoids can entirely explain the observed GR bioactivity. Four synthetic glucocorticoids (triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinolone acetonide, clobetasol propionate, and fluticasone propionate) predominantly accounted for GR activity. These data represent the first known publication where a complete activity balance has been determined for GR agonists in an aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Jia
- University of Arizona , 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0011, United States
| | - Shimin Wu
- University of Arizona , 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0011, United States
| | - Kevin D Daniels
- University of Arizona , 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0011, United States
| | - Shane A Snyder
- University of Arizona , 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Keenan CR, Lew MJ, Stewart AG. Biased signalling from the glucocorticoid receptor: Renewed opportunity for tailoring glucocorticoid activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 112:6-12. [PMID: 26898958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent landmark studies applying analytical pharmacology approaches to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) have demonstrated that different ligands can cause differential activation of distinct GR-regulated genes. Drawing on concepts of signalling bias from the field of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) biology, we speculate that ligand-dependent differences in GR signalling can be considered analogous to GPCR biased signalling, and thus can be quantitatively analysed in a similar way. This type of approach opens up the possibility of using rational structure-based drug optimisation strategies to improve the therapeutic selectivity of glucocorticoid drugs to maximise their efficacy and minimise adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Keenan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J Lew
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Famele M, Ferranti C, Palleschi L, Abenavoli C, Fidente RM, Pezzolato M, Botta M, Bozzetta E, Draisci R. Quantification of natural and synthetic glucocorticoids in calf urine following different growth-promoting prednisolone treatments. Steroids 2015; 104:196-202. [PMID: 26463899 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, low levels of prednisolone have been reported in several cattle urine samples by a number of laboratories within the EU at an average concentration of 2.0 ng mL(-1). The occurrence of prednisolone residues together with increased levels of hydrocortisone and cortisone in urine and tissue samples of untreated animals seems to demonstrate that traces of this steroid can be produced endogenously during stressful situations. Therefore, the endogenous origin of prednisolone makes difficult to correlate positive samples to a potential illicit treatment. An experimental study was developed to investigate the presence of natural and synthetic glucocorticoids and to evaluate levels of excreted prednisolone following growth-promoting treatments. Urine samples from calves undergone oral treatment with prednisolone, alone and in association with dexamethasone, were analyzed by a LC-MS/MS method, validated according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. We also investigated if urinary free 6β-hydroxyhydrocortisone/hydrocortisone ratio could be a reliable biomarker of illicit treatment with prednisolone and dexamethasone in calves. Our data revealed that urinary levels of prednisolone after both oral prednisolone treatments, never exceeded the value of 1.1 ng mL(-1). Similar prednisolone levels were found in urine samples of untreated calves. Moreover the presence of 6β-hydroxyhydrocortisone below the CCα value made possible to estimate the 6β-hydroxyhydrocortisone/hydrocortisone ratio only in a very limited number of samples. Obtained data suggest that further criteria have to be considered to allow correct decisions about the urinary presence of prednisolone during control activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Famele
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, n. 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - C Ferranti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, n. 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - L Palleschi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, n. 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - C Abenavoli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, n. 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - R M Fidente
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, n. 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna n. 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - M Botta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna n. 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - E Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna n. 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - R Draisci
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, n. 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jiang CL, Liu L, Li Z, Buttgereit F. The novel strategy of glucocorticoid drug development via targeting nongenomic mechanisms. Steroids 2015; 102:27-31. [PMID: 26122209 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in clinical practice as potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. Unfortunately, they can also produce numerous and potentially serious side effects that limit their usage. This problem represents the driving force for the intensive search for novel GCs with a better benefit-risk ratio compared to conventional GCs. GCs are believed to take effects mainly through classical genomic mechanisms, which are also largely responsible for GCs' side effects. However, in addition to these genomic effects, GCs also demonstrate rapid genomic-independent activities. It has become increasingly evident that some of the anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-allergic and anti-shock effects of GCs could be mediated through nongenomic mechanisms. Thus, theoretically, trying to use nongenomic mechanisms of GCs more intensively may represent a novel strategy for development of GCs with low side effect profile. The new GCs' drugs will take clinical effects mainly via nongenomic mechanisms and do not execute the classical genomic mechanism to reduce side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lei Jiang
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433 Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Lei Liu
- Laboratory of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, 201203 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kršek M. [Systemic glucocorticoids treatment: practical view]. Vnitr Lek 2015; 61:905-913. [PMID: 26486486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are derivatives of natural human glucocorticoid cortisol. There are used for treatment of a number of diseases and disorders for more than 65 years mainly because of their immunosuppressive properties. However, their use is accompanied by various side effects that have to be considered when treating patients. The article summarizes biological effects of glucocorticoids, main indications for their use, their side effects and precautions necessary to bear in mind during treatment.
Collapse
|
32
|
Mellibovsky L, Prieto-Alhambra D, Mellibovsky F, Güerri-Fernández R, Nogués X, Randall C, Hansma PK, Díez-Perez A. Bone Tissue Properties Measurement by Reference Point Indentation in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1651-6. [PMID: 25736591 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids, widely used in inflammatory disorders, rapidly increase bone fragility and, therefore, fracture risk. However, common bone densitometry measurements are not sensitive enough to detect these changes. Moreover, densitometry only partially recognizes treatment-induced fracture reductions in osteoporosis. Here, we tested whether the reference point indentation technique could detect bone tissue property changes early after glucocorticoid treatment initiation. After initial laboratory and bone density measurements, patients were allocated into groups receiving calcium + vitamin D (Ca+D) supplements or anti-osteoporotic drugs (risedronate, denosumab, teriparatide). Reference point indentation was performed on the cortical bone layer of the tibia by a handheld device measuring bone material strength index (BMSi). Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Although Ca+D-treated patients exhibited substantial and significant deterioration, risedronate-treated patients exhibited no significant change, and both denosumab- and teriparatide-treated participants exhibited significantly improved BMSi 7 weeks after initial treatment compared with baseline; these trends remained stable for 20 weeks. In contrast, no densitometry changes were observed during this study period. In conclusion, our study is the first to our knowledge to demonstrate that reference point indentation is sensitive enough to reflect changes in cortical bone indentation after treatment with osteoporosis therapies in patients newly exposed to glucocorticoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Mellibovsky
- Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, RETICEF, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, RETICEF, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- GREMPAL Research Group, Idiap Jordi Gol Primary Care Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Mellibovsky
- Castelldefels School of Telecom and Aerospace Engineering (EETAC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Güerri-Fernández
- Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, RETICEF, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Nogués
- Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, RETICEF, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Connor Randall
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Paul K Hansma
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Adolfo Díez-Perez
- Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, RETICEF, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Myint M, Bucki R, Janmey PA, Diamond SL. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel cationic lipids with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2837-43. [PMID: 26004577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Certain membrane-active cationic steroids are known to also possess both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. This combined functionality is particularly relevant for potential therapies of infections associated with elevated tissue damage, for example, cystic fibrosis airway disease, a condition characterized by chronic bacterial infections and ongoing inflammation. In this study, six novel cationic glucocorticoids were synthesized using beclomethasone, budesonide, and flumethasone. Products were either monosubstituted or disubstituted, containing one or two steroidal groups, respectively. In vitro evaluation of biological activities demonstrated dual anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties with limited cytotoxicity for all synthesized compounds. Budesonide-derived compounds showed the highest degree of both glucocorticoid and antimicrobial properties within their respective mono- and disubstituted categories. Structure-activity analyses revealed that activity was generally related to the potency of the parent glucocorticoid. Taken together, these data indicate that these types of dual acting cationic lipids can be synthesized with the appropriate starting steroid to tailor activities as desired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Myint
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 1024 Vagelos Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert Bucki
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott L Diamond
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 1024 Vagelos Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Patel S, Garapati C, Chowdhury P, Gupta H, Nesamony J, Nauli S, Boddu SHS. Development and evaluation of dexamethasone nanomicelles with potential for treating posterior uveitis after topical application. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015; 31:215-27. [PMID: 25839185 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2014.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims at the development and preliminary evaluation of dexamethasone nanomicelles for treating posterior uveitis. Nanomicelles were formulated using polyoxyl 40 stearate (P40S) and polysorbate 80 (P80), which are approved by the FDA for ocular use. METHODS Dexamethasone nanomicelles were prepared and characterized for critical micellar concentration, solubility of dexamethasone, particle size, surface charge, morphology, in vitro drug release, clarity, stability, filtration efficiency, and sterility. Ocular tolerance and the tissue drug distribution of dexamethasone were assessed in rabbits after single and multiple topical administration. RESULTS Dexamethasone nanomicelles (0.1% w/v) were successfully developed and characterized with an optimized composition of P40S/P80=7/3 by weight. The mean diameter of blank and drug-loaded nanomicelles was 13.3±0.4 and 14.5±0.4 nm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed the spherical structure of nanomicelles. Nanomicelles were found to be stable with respect to clarity, size and drug content at 4°C and 25°C for up to 6 months. No irritation or redness was observed in the treated eyes as compared with the untreated control rabbit eyes. Therapeutic concentrations of dexamethasone were observed in the retina and choroid after single and multiple topical application in rabbits. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the nanomicelles of P40S and P80 could efficiently solubilize 0.1% dexamethasone in their cores. The results also indicate that mixed nanomicelles could be utilized as a potential delivery system for delivering dexamethasone to treat the back of the eye diseases such as posterior uveitis after topical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soohi Patel
- 1 Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Affiliation(s)
- R Hein
- Dermatologische Klinik der Universität Regensburg, BRD
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- M Ponec
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Krone N, Webb EA, Hindmarsh PC. Keeping the pressure on mineralocorticoid replacement in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 82:478-80. [PMID: 25510524 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Krone
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Joshi T, Johnson M, Newton R, Giembycz M. An analysis of glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene expression in BEAS-2B human airway epithelial cells identifies distinct, ligand-directed, transcription profiles with implications for asthma therapeutics. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1360-78. [PMID: 25393397 PMCID: PMC4337707 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE International asthma guidelines recommend that inhaled glucocorticoids be used as a monotherapy in all patients with mild to moderate disease because of their ability to suppress airways inflammation. Current evidence suggests that the therapeutic benefit of glucocorticoids is due to the transactivation and transrepression of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory genes respectively. However, the extent to which clinically relevant glucocorticoids are equivalent in their ability to modulate gene expression is unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A pharmacodynamics investigation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated gene transactivation in BEAS-2B human airway epithelial cells was performed using a glucocorticoid response element luciferase reporter coupled with an analysis of glucocorticoid-inducible genes encoding proteins with anti-inflammatory and adverse-effect potential. KEY RESULTS Using transactivation as a functionally relevant output, a given glucocorticoid displayed a unique, gene expression 'fingerprint' where intrinsic efficacy and GR density were essential determinants. We showed that depending on the gene selected for analysis, a given glucocorticoid can behave as an antagonist, partial agonist, full agonist or even 'super agonist'. In the likely event that different, tissue-dependent gene expression profiles are reproduced in vivo, then the anti-inflammatory and adverse-effect potential of many glucocorticoids currently available as asthma therapeutics may not be equivalent. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The generation of gene expression 'fingerprints' in target and off-target human tissues could assist the rational design of GR agonists with improved therapeutic ratios. This approach could identify compounds that are useful in the management of severe asthma and other inflammatory disorders where systemic exposure is desirable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Joshi
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Johnson
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and DevelopmentUxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| | - R Newton
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Giembycz
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dai J, Liang X, Su W. Improvement on solubility of fluticasone propionate with cyclodextrins by mechanochemical activation. Pak J Pharm Sci 2015; 28:799-806. [PMID: 25796157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the solubility and in vitro dissolution of fluticasone propionate (FP), a novel approach was developed with mechanochemical treatment. The order of solubilizing effect of β-CD derivatives was observed as HP-β-CD-SBE-β-CD-β-CD-HE-β-CD, consequently, HP-β-CD showed the highest stability constant. To further improve FP solubility, FP and HP-β-CD were grinded using a roll mill, the optimal conditions, determined through single factor experiments, were as follows: rotation frequency of 60 Hz; milling time of 6h. mass ratio of 1: 7. In comparison with pure FP, a 280-fold increase in solubility and a 2.15-fold higher dissolution rate of ground mixture was obtained. The characterization of FP and HP-β-CD complexes had been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results suggested that the interaction between FP and HP-β-CD was strengthened and an amorphous ground mixture was gained. After stored for 60 days, the ground mixtures were stable both chemically and physically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Dai
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianrui Liang
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weike Su
- Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Meyer MW, Zachariae C, Garvey LH. [Anaphylactic shock after intradermal injection of corticosteroid]. Ugeskr Laeger 2015; 177:V10140532. [PMID: 25613209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is a derivative of cellulose found in many food products, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Allergy to CMC in parenteral corticosteroid preparations leading to anaphylaxis is rare, but has previously been reported. We report a case of a 52-year-old woman with prurigo nodularis of Hyde, who reacted with anaphylaxis after intradermal injection of Kenalog 40 mg/ml. Allergy testing showed a positive skin prick test for CMC and the patient was advised to avoid future parenteral exposure to CMC. This case highlights the need to examine excipients in severe cases of drug allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Willy Meyer
- Hud- og Allergiafdeling, Gentofte Hospital, Niels Andersens Vej 65, 2900 Hellerup.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are essential steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal gland in response to stress. Since their discovery in the 1940s, glucocorticoids have been widely prescribed to treat inflammatory disorders and hematological cancers. In the traditional view, glucocorticoids are regarded as anti-inflammatory molecules; however, emerging evidence suggests that glucocorticoid actions are more complex than previously anticipated. The anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is attributed to the repression of pro-inflammatory genes through signal transduction by their steroid receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The mechanisms modulating the pro-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids are not well understood. In this review, we discuss recent findings that provide insights into the mechanism by which GR signaling can play a dual role in the regulation of the immune response. We hypothesize that these apparently opposite processes are working together to prepare the immune system to respond to a stressor (pro-inflammatory effects) and subsequently restore homeostasis (anti-inflammatory effects). Finally, we propose that determining the mechanisms which underlie the tissue-specific effects of glucocorticoids will provide an excellent tool to develop more efficient and selective glucocorticoid therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cruz-Topete
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, N.C., USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lin S, Huang J, Zheng L, Liu Y, Liu G, Li N, Wang K, Zou L, Wu T, Qin L, Cui L, Li G. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in growing rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 95:362-73. [PMID: 25086673 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether growing rats were appropriate animal models of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. The 3-month-old male rats were treated with either vehicle or prednisone acetate at 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/kg/day by oral gavage, respectively. All rats were injected with tetracycline and calcein before sacrificed for the purpose of double in vivo labeling. Biochemistry, histomorphometry, mechanical test, densitometry, micro-CT, histology, and component analysis were performed. We found that prednisone treatments dose dependently decreased body weight, serum biomarkers, biomechanical markers, bone formation, and bone resorption parameters in both tibial and femoral trabecular bone without trabecular bone loss. We also found that significant bone loss happened in femoral cortical bone in the glucocorticoid-treated rats. The results suggested that prednisone not only inhibited bone formation, but also inhibited bone resorption which resulted in poor bone strength but with no cancellous bone loss in growing rats. These data also suggested that the effects of glucocorticoid on bone metabolism were different between cortical bone and trabecular bone, and different between tibia and femur. Growing rats may be a glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis animal model when evaluated the effects of drugs upon juvenile patients exposed to GC for a long time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sien Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Herrero P, Cortés-Francisco N, Borrull F, Caixach J, Pocurull E, Marcé RM. Comparison of triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry in ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography for the determination of veterinary drugs in sewage: benefits and drawbacks. J Mass Spectrom 2014; 49:585-96. [PMID: 25044843 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a comparison of triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) combined to ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography for the determination of glucocorticoids and polyether ionophores in sewage, in order to show the major benefits and drawbacks for each mass spectrometry analyser. Overall, HRMS measurements have enhanced performance in terms of confirmatory capabilities than MS/MS measurements. Moreover, similar limits of quantification, limits of detection, linear range and repeatability for glucocorticoids with both the MS/MS and HRMS methods were compared, but in the case of polyether ionophores, slightly better limits of detection and limits of quantification were obtained with the HRMS method because of the high sensitivity obtained when diagnostic ions are used for quantification instead of selected reaction monitoring transitions for these compounds. The two methods have been applied to the analysis of several influent and effluent sewage samples from sewage treatment plants located in the Tarragona region (Catalonia, Spain), showing an excellent correlation between the two methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Herrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cechin SR, Buchwald P. Effects of representative glucocorticoids on TNFα- and CD40L-induced NF-κB activation in sensor cells. Steroids 2014; 85:36-43. [PMID: 24747770 PMCID: PMC4049353 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are an important class of anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive drugs. A crucial part of their anti-inflammatory action results from their ability to repress proinflammatory transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) upon binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Accordingly, sensor cells quantifying their effect on inflammatory signal-induced NF-κB activation can provide useful information regarding their potencies as well as their transrepression abilities. Here, we report results obtained on their effect in suppressing both the TNFα- and the CD40L-induced activation of NF-κB in sensor cells that contain an NF-κB-inducible SEAP construct. In these cells, we confirmed concentration-dependent NF-κB activation for both TNFα and CD40L at low nanomolar concentrations (EC50). Glucocorticoids tested included hydrocortisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, loteprednol etabonate, triamcinolone acetonide, beclomethasone dipropionate, and clobetasol propionate. They all caused significant, but only partial inhibition of these activations in concentration-dependent manners that could be well described by sigmoid response-functions. Despite the limitations of only partial maximum inhibitions, this cell-based assay could be used to quantitate the suppressing ability of glucocorticoids (transrepression potency) on the expression of proinflammatory transcription factors caused by two different cytokines in parallel both in a detailed, full dose-response format as well as in a simpler single-dose format. Whereas inhibitory potencies obtained in the TNF assay correlated well with consensus glucocorticoid potencies (receptor-binding affinities, Kd, RBA, at the GR) for all compounds, the non-halogenated steroids (hydrocortisone, prednisolone, and loteprednol etabonate) were about an order of magnitude more potent than expected in the CD40 assay in this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirlene R Cechin
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10 Ave (R-134), Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Peter Buchwald
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10 Ave (R-134), Miami, FL 33136, USA; Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10 Ave (R-189), Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Khonmee J, Brown JL, Rojanasthien S, Aunsusin A, Thumasanukul D, Kongphoemphun A, Siriaroonrat B, Tipkantha W, Punyapornwithaya V, Thitaram C. Gender, season and management affect fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations in captive goral (Naemorhedus griseus) in Thailand. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91633. [PMID: 24637886 PMCID: PMC3956719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) are a threatened species in Thailand and the focus of captive breeding for possible reintroduction. However, little is known of their biology or what factors in the captive environment affect welfare. Our objective was to determine the impact of gender, season, and management on goral adrenal activity. We hypothesized that differences in fecal glucocorticoid concentrations would be related to animal density. Fecal samples were collected 3 days/week for 1 year from 63 individuals (n = 32 males, 31 females) at two facilities that house the majority of goral in Thailand: Omkoi Wildlife Sanctuary (Omkoi), an off-exhibit breeding center that houses goral in individual pens (16 pens; n = 8 males, 8 females) and in small family groups (8 pens; n = 8 males, 8 females); and the Chiang Mai Night Safari (NS), a zoo that maintains 31 goral (n = 17 males, 14 females) in one large pen. Glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations were higher in male than female goral at Omkoi throughout the year, and there was a seasonal effect on adrenal activity (p<0.05). Goral at Omkoi and NS were used to test the effect of animal density on fecal glucocorticoid excretion of goral housed in similar-sized enclosures. Overall, the highest levels were found at NS (n = 31 adults/pen; 27 m2 per animal) compared to Omkoi (n = 2 adults/pen; 400 m2 per animal) (p<0.05). Overall findings support our hypothesis that animal density and aspects of the captive environment impact adrenal steroid activity in captive goral. In addition, gender and season also had significant effects on glucocorticoid metabolite production. Potential stressors pertaining to the welfare of this species were identified, which will guide future efforts to improve management and create self-sustaining and healthy populations of this threatened species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaruwan Khonmee
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- * E-mail: (JK); (CT)
| | - Janine L. Brown
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, United States of America
| | | | | | - Dissakul Thumasanukul
- Omkoi Wildlife Sanctuary, Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Adisorn Kongphoemphun
- Omkoi Wildlife Sanctuary, Department of National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Boripat Siriaroonrat
- Conservation Research and Education Division, Zoological Park Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanlaya Tipkantha
- Conservation Research and Education Division, Zoological Park Organization, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chatchote Thitaram
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- * E-mail: (JK); (CT)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cabrera M, Gonzalez A, Albini TA, Rowaan C, Aguilar M, Lee W, Fortun JA, Moshfeghi AA, Flynn HW, Parel JMA. Differential flow rate of commercially available triamcinolone with and without preservative through small-gauge needles. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2014; 45:54-7. [PMID: 24392913 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20131220-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the flow rate through different gauge needles of triamcinolone acetonide with benzyl alcohol (TABA) versus preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension (TAIS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental injections of 1 mL of TABA or TAIS were performed through a 27-, 30-, or 32-gauge needle. A piezoelectric pressure transducer connected to a personal computer was placed between the syringe and needle to record the force-time relationship and assess the flow rate (mL/s). Measurements were performed in triplicate. RESULTS Flow rates were similar between preparations using a 27-gauge needle. Using a 30-gauge needle, the flow rate was 0.058 mL/s for TABA and 0.178 mL/s for TAIS. Using a 32-gauge needle, no flow was sustained by TABA, whereas the flow rate of TAIS was 0.114 mL/s (P < .05). CONCLUSION TAIS can be injected through a 32-gauge needle without the risk of obstruction. Occlusions were seen with TABA using the 30- and 32-gauge needles.
Collapse
|
47
|
Kfir-Erenfeld S, Yefenof E. Non-genomic events determining the sensitivity of hemopoietic malignancies to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:37-43. [PMID: 24072402 PMCID: PMC11028523 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones have been introduced as therapeutic agents in blood cancers six decades ago. The effectiveness of GC treatment stems from its ability to induce apoptotic death of hemopoietic cells. A major impediment in GC therapy is the acquisition of resistance to the drug upon repeated treatment. In addition, some blood cancers are a priori resistant to GC therapy. Usually, resistance to GC correlates with poor prognosis. Albeit the wide use of GC in clinical practice, their mode of action is not fully understood. The cellular response to GC is initiated by its binding to the cytosolic GC receptor (GR) that translocates to the nucleus and modulates gene expression. However, nuclear activities of GR occur in both apoptosis-sensitive and apoptosis-resistant cells. These apparent controversies can be resolved by deciphering non-genomic effects of GCs and the mode by which they modulate the apoptotic response. We suggest that non-genomic consequences of GC stimulation determine the cell fate toward survival or death. Understanding the cellular mechanisms of GC apoptotic sensitivity contributes to the development of new modalities for overcoming GC resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Kfir-Erenfeld
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, POB: 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel,
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Costagliola M, Atiyeh BS, Rampillon F. An innovative procedure for the treatment of primary and recurrent capsular contracture (CC) following breast augmentation. Aesthet Surg J 2013; 33:1008-17. [PMID: 24008234 DOI: 10.1177/1090820x13502035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsular contracture (CC) is the most frequently reported complication following alloplastic breast augmentation. At present, none of the available preventive measures are effective, and various treatment modalities have been advocated. Reduction of the inflammatory process is critical for successful treatment. Late intracapsular glucocorticosteroid (GC) injections have been somewhat effective for the treatment, but the fine balance between the effectiveness of therapeutic GC dosages and their potential serious side effects is of utmost importance. OBJECTIVES The authors investigate whether instillation of a rapid-acting water-soluble GC in the implant pocket during the early proliferative phase of wound healing is more effective than delayed instillation during the remodeling phase. METHODS Between 2003 and 2009, 33 consecutive patients presenting with CC (Baker grades III and IV) were managed by capsulectomy with implant replacement and corticosteroid therapy immediately as well as 2 to 3 days later through an indwelling catheter left in place for that period. This delayed but early administration is a novel technique for GC injection. RESULTS Complete correction of the contracture with no recurrence was achieved in all patients with a follow-up range of 2 to 10 years. CONCLUSIONS This GC administration technique avoids the potential complications of long-term, slow corticosteroid release. It has a targeted anti-inflammatory effect, probably at a critical stage of the healing process, and could effectively prevent CC following alloplastic breast augmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Costagliola
- Dr Costagliola is Emeritus Professor of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, former department chief, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Damsker JM, Dillingham BC, Rose MC, Balsley MA, Heier CR, Watson AM, Stemmy EJ, Jurjus RA, Huynh T, Tatem K, Uaesoontrachoon K, Berry DM, Benton AS, Freishtat RJ, Hoffman EP, McCall JM, Gordish-Dressman H, Constant SL, Reeves EKM, Nagaraju K. VBP15, a glucocorticoid analogue, is effective at reducing allergic lung inflammation in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63871. [PMID: 23667681 PMCID: PMC3646769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the lower respiratory tract associated with airway hyperreactivity and mucus obstruction in which a majority of cases are due to an allergic response to environmental allergens. Glucocorticoids such as prednisone have been standard treatment for many inflammatory diseases for the past 60 years. However, despite their effectiveness, long-term treatment is often limited by adverse side effects believed to be caused by glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene transcription. This has led to the pursuit of compounds that retain the anti-inflammatory properties yet lack the adverse side effects associated with traditional glucocorticoids. We have developed a novel series of steroidal analogues (VBP compounds) that have been previously shown to maintain anti-inflammatory properties such as NFκB-inhibition without inducing glucocorticoid receptor-mediated gene transcription. This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of the lead compound, VBP15, in a mouse model of allergic lung inflammation. We show that VBP15 is as effective as the traditional glucocorticoid, prednisolone, at reducing three major hallmarks of lung inflammation—NFκB activity, leukocyte degranulation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release from human bronchial epithelial cells obtained from patients with asthma. Moreover, we found that VBP15 is capable of reducing inflammation of the lung in vivo to an extent similar to that of prednisone. We found that prednisolone–but not VBP15 shortens the tibia in mice upon a 5 week treatment regimen suggesting effective dissociation of side effects from efficacy. These findings suggest that VBP15 may represent a potent and safer alternative to traditional glucocorticoids in the treatment of asthma and other inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M Damsker
- ReveraGen BioPharma, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xu F, Feng E, Su L, Xu G. Doxofylline and methylprednisolone sodium succinate are stable and compatible under normal injection conditions. Pak J Pharm Sci 2013; 26:261-265. [PMID: 23455194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To assess the physical compatibility and chemical stability of doxofylline with methylprednisolone sodium succinate in 0.9% sodium chloride or 5% dextrose injection for intravenous infusion. Twenty mL doxofylline solution (0.74 mg/mL) and 1 mL methylprednisolone sodium succinate solution (0.15 mg/mL) were added into 250 mL polyolefin bags containing 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and stored for 24 h at 20-25(°)C. Chemical compatibility was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and physical compatibility was determined visually. The results showed that samples were clear and colorless when viewed in normal fluorescent room light. The pH value exhibited little change. The particulate content of > 25 μm was low and within the specification limit. The particulate content of > 10 μm decreased over time and was similar to the control solution. Analysis of chemical stability revealed that doxofylline is stable with methylprednisolone sodium succinate for up to 24 h, and the degradation of methylprednisolone sodium succinate is unrelated to doxofylline, but is closely related to the pH value of the solution. Doxofylline and methylprednisolone sodium succinate did not affect the stability of each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Chinese Military, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|