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Boonpeng C, Pischom M, Butrid P, Noikrad S, Boonpragob K. Laboratory and field measurements of water relations, photosynthetic parameters, and hydration traits in macrolichens in a tropical lower montane rainforest in Thailand. J Plant Res 2024:10.1007/s10265-024-01542-3. [PMID: 38619624 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Ecophysiological studies of lichens in tropical Asia are rare, and additional studies can increase the understanding of lichen life in this region. The main aim of this study was to observe the relationships between water availability and photosynthetic parameters, as well as hydration trait parameters, in macrolichens during the rainy and dry seasons in a tropical forest. A total of 11 lichen species growing in a lower montane rainforest in Thailand were collected and studied. The results clearly showed that the specific thallus mass (STM), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), the potential quantum yield of primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content, and carotenoid content of almost all lichens were lower in the dry season than in the rainy season. Field measurements in the dry season revealed that only the foliose chlorolichen Parmotrema tinctorum was metabolically active and exhibited slight carbon assimilation. In the rainy season, all lichens started their photosynthesis in the early morning, reached maximal values, declined, and ceased when the thalli desiccated. The photosynthetically active period of the lichens was approximately 2-3 h in the morning, and the activities of the cyanolichens ended approximately 30 min after the chlorolichens. The hydration trait parameters, including the STM, maximal water content (WCmax), and water holding capacity (WHC), were greater in the cyanolichens. In addition, the maximal Pn (Pnmax) and optimal water content (WCopt) for Pn were also greater in the cyanolichens, but the maximal Fv/Fm (Fv/Fmmax) was lower. The cyanolichens compensated for their inability to use humid air to restore photosynthesis by having higher water content and storage, higher photosynthetic rates, and longer photosynthetically active periods. This study provides additional insights into lichen ecophysiology in tropical forests that can be useful for lichen conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Boonpeng
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua Mark, Bang Kapi, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand.
- Lichen Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua Mark, Bang Kapi, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand.
| | - Marisa Pischom
- Lichen Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua Mark, Bang Kapi, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Pawanrat Butrid
- Lichen Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua Mark, Bang Kapi, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Sutatip Noikrad
- Lichen Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua Mark, Bang Kapi, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Kansri Boonpragob
- Lichen Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Hua Mark, Bang Kapi, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
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Valgas AAN, Cubas GK, de Oliveira DR, Araujo JF, Altenhofen S, Bonan CD, Oliveira GT, Verrastro L. Ecophysiological responses of Liolaemus arambarensis juveniles to experimental temperature variations. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 290:111577. [PMID: 38228266 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Climate change increasingly influences the loss of biodiversity, especially in ectothermic organisms, which depend on environmental temperatures to obtain heat and regulate their life cycle. Studies that aim to understand the impact of temperature variation are important to better understand the possible impacts generated on the homeostasis of ectothermic organisms. Our objective was to characterize the responses of juvenile Liolaemus arambarensis lizards to abrupt changes in temperature, quantifying markers of body condition, intermediary and hormonal metabolism and oxidative balance. We collected 45 juvenile individuals of L. arambarensis (winter: 20 and summer: 25) in Barra do Ribeiro, Brazil. We transported the animals to the laboratory, where they were acclimatized for five days at a temperature of 20 °C, then divided and exposed to temperatures of 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C for 24 h. After exposure, the animals were euthanized and the brain, caudal muscle, thigh, and liver tissues were extracted for quantification of biomarkers of metabolism (glycogen and total proteins) and oxidative balance (acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and lipoperoxidation) and plasma for corticosterone quantification. The results show that L. arambarensis is susceptible to sudden temperature variations, where higher temperatures caused greater activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased lipoperoxidation and higher plasma levels of corticosterone in animals eliminated in winter. The present study demonstrated that abrupt changes in temperature could significantly modify the homeostatic mechanisms of animals, which could lead to oxidative stress and a potential trade-off between survival and growth/reproduction. In this context, the organism mobilizes energy resources for survival, with possible damage to growth and reproduction. Demonstrate that a change in temperature can be a potential factor in extinction for a species given the profile of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Antunes Navarro Valgas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Kasper Cubas
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogo Reis de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Fonseca Araujo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block D, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block D, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guendalina Turcato Oliveira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Laboratório de Fisiologia da Conservação, Ipiranga Avenue, 6681 Pd. 12, Block C, class 250, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Verrastro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 9500 Pd. 43435, Block IV, class 102, Campus do Vale, 91510-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Kumar N, Singh H, Giri K, Kumar A, Joshi A, Yadav S, Singh R, Bisht S, Kumari R, Jeena N, Khairakpam R, Mishra G. Physiological and molecular insights into the allelopathic effects on agroecosystems under changing environmental conditions. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2024; 30:417-433. [PMID: 38633277 PMCID: PMC11018569 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Allelopathy is a natural phenomenon of competing and interfering with other plants or microbial growth by synthesizing and releasing the bioactive compounds of plant or microbial origin known as allelochemicals. This is a sub-discipline of chemical ecology concerned with the effects of bioactive compounds produced by plants or microorganisms on the growth, development and distribution of other plants and microorganisms in natural communities or agricultural systems. Allelochemicals have a direct or indirect harmful effect on one plant by others, especially on the development, survivability, growth, and reproduction of species through the production of chemical inhibitors released into the environment. Cultivation systems that take advantage of allelopathic plants' stimulatory/inhibitory effects on plant growth and development while avoiding allelopathic autotoxicity is critical for long-term agricultural development. Allelopathy is one element that defines plant relationships and is involved in weed management, crop protection, and microbial contact. Besides, the allelopathic phenomenon has also been reported in the forest ecosystem; however, its presence depends on the forest type and the surrounding environment. In the present article, major aspects addressed are (1) literature review on the impacts of allelopathy in agroecosystems and underpinning the research gaps, (2) chemical, physiological, and ecological mechanisms of allelopathy, (3) genetic manipulations, plant defense, economic benefits, fate, prospects and challenges of allelopathy. The literature search and consolidation efforts in this article shall pave the way for future research on the potential application of allelopathic interactions across various ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
- Present Address: College of Agriculture, Central Agriculture University (I), Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya, India
| | - Hukum Singh
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Krishna Giri
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Hill University, Tura Campus, Tura, 794002 India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kalinga University, Naya-Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492101 India
| | | | - Ranjeet Singh
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Itanagar, Arunchal Pradesh, India
| | - Sarita Bisht
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Rama Kumari
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Neha Jeena
- Department of Microbiology, Central University, Rajasthan, 305817 India
| | - Rowndel Khairakpam
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248001 India
| | - Gaurav Mishra
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, 248006 India
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Jacobs ER, Gero S, Malinka CE, Tønnesen PH, Beedholm K, DeRuiter SL, Madsen PT. The active space of sperm whale codas: inter-click information for intra-unit communication. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246442. [PMID: 38264868 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are social mega-predators who form stable matrilineal units that often associate within a larger vocal clan. Clan membership is defined by sharing a repertoire of coda types consisting of specific temporal spacings of multi-pulsed clicks. It has been hypothesized that codas communicate membership across socially segregated sympatric clans, but others propose that codas are primarily used for behavioral coordination and social cohesion within a closely spaced social unit. Here, we test these hypotheses by combining measures of ambient noise levels and coda click source levels with models of sound propagation to estimate the active space of coda communication. Coda clicks were localized off the island of Dominica with a four- or five-element 80 m vertical hydrophone array, allowing us to calculate the median RMS source levels of 1598 clicks from 444 codas to be 161 dB re. 1 μPa (IQR 153-167), placing codas among the most powerful communication sounds in toothed whales. However, together with measured ambient noise levels, these source levels lead to a median active space of coda communication of ∼4 km, reflecting the maximum footprint of a single foraging sperm whale unit. We conclude that while sperm whale codas may contain information about clan affiliation, their moderate active space shows that codas are not used for long range acoustic communication between units and clans, but likely serve to mediate social cohesion and behavioral transitions in intra-unit communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen R Jacobs
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shane Gero
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Chloe E Malinka
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- SMRU Consulting, Scottish Oceans Institute, East Sands, University of St Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Pernille H Tønnesen
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kristian Beedholm
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stacy L DeRuiter
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Calvin University, 3201 Burton St SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA
| | - Peter T Madsen
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 3, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Henning Y, Adam K, Gerhardt P, Begall S. Hypoxic and hypercapnic burrow conditions lead to downregulation of free triiodothyronine and hematocrit in Ansell's mole-rats (Fukomys anselli). J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:33-40. [PMID: 38059996 PMCID: PMC10940439 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
African mole-rats live in self-dug burrow systems under hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions. Adaptations to hypoxia include suppression of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and core body temperature (Tb). Because the thyroid hormones (THs) thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are positive regulators of RMR and Tb, we hypothesized that serum TH concentrations would also be downregulated under hypoxic conditions. To test this hypothesis, we kept Ansell's mole-rats (Fukomys anselli) in terraria filled with soil in which they were allowed to construct underground burrows to achieve chronic intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia. The animals stayed in these hypoxic and hypercapnic burrows voluntarily, although given the choice to stay aboveground. We collected blood samples before and after treatment to measure serum T4 and T3 concentrations as well as hematological parameters. The free fraction of the transcriptionally-active T3 was significantly decreased after treatment, indicating that cellular TH signaling was downregulated via peripheral mechanisms, consistent with the assumption that aerobic metabolism is downregulated under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we found that hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations were also downregulated after treatment, suggesting that oxygen demand decreases under hypoxia, presumably due to the metabolic shift towards anaerobic metabolism. Taken together, we have identified a potential upstream regulator of physiological adaptations to hypoxia in these highly hypoxia-tolerant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Henning
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Kamilla Adam
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Patricia Gerhardt
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Begall
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Litmer AR, Beaupre SJ. Thermal sensitivity of digestion in Sceloporus consobrinus, with comments on geographic variation. J Therm Biol 2024; 120:103808. [PMID: 38387224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Individual variation in energetics, environment, and genetics can influence population-level processes. However, it is often assumed that locally measured thermal and bioenergetic responses apply among broadly related species. Even closely related taxa may differ in the thermal sensitivity of performance, which in turn influences population persistence, population vital rates, and the ability to respond to environmental changes. The objectives of this project were to quantify the thermal sensitivity of digestive physiology in an Sceloporus lizards, to compare closely related, but geographically distinct, populations. Sceloporus lizards are a model organism, as they are known to exhibit thermally dependent physiologies and are geographically widespread. Digestive passage time, food consumption, fecal and urate production, metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and assimilated energy (AE) were compared for Sceloporus consobrinus in Arkansas and S. undulatus in South Carolina and New Jersey. Published data were acquired for NJ and SC lizards, while original data were collected for S. consobrinus. Comparisons of digestion among populations were made at 30 °C, 33 °C, or 36 °C. Results suggest that digestive physiology differs among populations, with S. consobrinus being more efficient at warmer temperatures. In contrast, NJ and SC lizards had quicker passage times and lower fecal and urate production at 30 °C in comparison to AR. The results of the current study exemplify how closely related organisms can differ in thermal sensitivity of performance. Such data are important for understanding how individual-level processes can vary in response to climate, with implications for understanding variation in physiological traits across the range of Sceloporus lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Litmer
- University of Arkansas, Department of Biological Sciences, 650 W. Dickson Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - Steven J Beaupre
- University of Arkansas, Department of Biological Sciences, 650 W. Dickson Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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Vivanco-Bercovich M, Sandoval-Gil JM, Bonet-Meliá P, Cabello-Pasini A, Muñiz-Salazar R, Montoya LR, Schubert N, Marín-Guirao L, Procaccini G, Ferreira-Arrieta A. Marine heatwaves recurrence aggravates thermal stress in the surfgrass Phyllospadix scouleri. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 199:115943. [PMID: 38176159 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The surfgrass Phyllospadix scouleri grows in highly productive meadows along the Pacific coast of North America. This region has experienced increasingly severe marine heatwaves (MHWs) in recent years. Our study evaluated the impact of consecutive MHWs, simulated in mesocosms, on essential ecophysiological features of P. scouleri. Overall, our findings show that the plants' overall physiological status has been progressively declining. Interestingly, the indicators of physiological stress in photosynthesis only showed up once the initial heat exposure stopped (i.e., during the recovery period). The warming caused increased oxidative damage and a decrease in nitrate uptake rates. However, the levels of non-structural carbohydrates and relative growth rates were not affected. Our findings emphasize the significance of incorporating recovery periods in this type of study as they expose delayed stress responses. Furthermore, experiencing consecutive intense MHWs can harm surfgrasses over time, compromising the health of their meadows and the services they offer to the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vivanco-Bercovich
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Jose Miguel Sandoval-Gil
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Paula Bonet-Meliá
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Cabello-Pasini
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Raquel Muñiz-Salazar
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico; Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Ruiz Montoya
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Nadine Schubert
- CCMAR - Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Lázaro Marín-Guirao
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Seagrass Ecology Group, C/Varadero s/n, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gabriele Procaccini
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - Alejandra Ferreira-Arrieta
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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Sinervo B, Lara Reséndiz RA, Miles DB, Lovich JE, Rosen PC, Gadsden H, Gaytán GC, Tessaro PG, Luja VH, Huey RB, Whipple A, Cordero VS, Rohr JB, Caetano G, Santos JC, Sites JW, Méndez de la Cruz FR. Climate change and collapsing thermal niches of desert reptiles and amphibians: Assisted migration and acclimation rescue from extirpation. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168431. [PMID: 37951272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent climate change should result in expansion of species to northern or high elevation range margins, and contraction at southern and low elevation margins in the northern hemisphere, because of local extirpations or range shifts or both. We combined museum occurrence records from both the continental U.S. and Mexico with a new eco-physiological model of extinction developed for lizard families of the world to predict the distributions of 30 desert-endemic reptile and amphibian species under climate change scenarios. The model predicts that 38 % of local populations will go extinct in the next 50 years, across all 30 species. However, extinctions may be attenuated in forested sites and by the presence of montane environments in contemporary ranges. Of the 30 species, three were at very high risk of extinction as a result of their thermal limits being exceeded, which illustrates the predictive value of ecophysiological modeling approaches for conservation studies. In tandem with global strategies of limiting CO2 emissions, we propose urgent regional management strategies for existing and new reserves that are targeted at three species: Barred Tiger Salamander (Ambystomatidae: Ambystoma mavortium stebbinsi), Desert Short-horned Lizard (Phrynosomatidae: Phrynosoma ornatissimum), and Morafka's Desert Tortoise (Testudinidae: Gopherus morafkai), which face a high risk of extinction by 2070. These strategies focus on assisted migration and preservation within climatic refugia, such as high-elevation and forested habitats. We forecast where new reserves should be established by merging our model of extinction risk with gap analysis. We also highlight that acclimation (i.e., phenotypic plasticity) could ameliorate risk of extinction but is rarely included in ecophysiological models. We use Ambystoma salamanders to show how acclimation can be incorporated into such models of extinction risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Sinervo
- The Institute for the Study of the Ecological and Evolutionary Climate Impacts, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Rafael A Lara Reséndiz
- The Institute for the Study of the Ecological and Evolutionary Climate Impacts, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Cd. Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Donald B Miles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Jeffrey E Lovich
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, 2255 North Gemini Drive, MS-9394, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - Philip C Rosen
- School of Natural Resources & the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Héctor Gadsden
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C.-Centro Regional del Bajío, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas N(o)253, 61600 Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Gamaliel Casteñada Gaytán
- Facultad en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
| | | | - Víctor H Luja
- Coordinación de Investigación y Posgrado, Unidad Académica de Turismo, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura S/N. C.P., 63000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Raymond B Huey
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Amy Whipple
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Víctor Sánchez Cordero
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jason B Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Gabriel Caetano
- The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 849900, Israel
| | - Juan C Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jack W Sites
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Fausto R Méndez de la Cruz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Laboratorio de Herpetología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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9
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Downie AT, Cramp RL, Franklin CE. The interactive impacts of a constant reef stressor, ultraviolet radiation, with environmental stressors on coral physiology. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:168066. [PMID: 37890630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Reef-building corals create one of the most biodiverse and economically important ecosystems on the planet. Unfortunately, global coral reef ecosystems experience threats from numerous natural stressors, which are amplified by human activities. One such threat is ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun; a genotoxic stressor that is a double-edged sword for corals as they rely on sunlight for energy. More intense UVR has been shown to have greater direct impacts on animal physiology, and these may be exacerbated by co-occurring stressors. The aim of this systematic literature review was to examine if the same applies to corals; that is, if the co-exposure of a constant stressor (UVR) with other stressors has a greater impact on coral physiology than if these stressors occurred separately. We reviewed the biochemical and cellular processes impacted by UVR and the defenses corals have against UVR. The main stressors investigated with UVR were temperature, nitrate, nutrient, oil, water motion, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). UVR generally worsened the physiological impacts of other stressors (e.g., by decreasing zooxanthellae and chlorophyll densities). There were species-specific differences in their tolerance to UVR (differences in zooxanthellae populations, sunscreen production and depth) and environmental stress (e.g., resilience to some oils), and that ambient levels of UVR were often beneficial (i.e., nullifying impacts of nitrates). We highlight areas of future investigation including examining and assessing other interacting stressors and their impacts (e.g., ocean acidification, ocean deoxygenation, toxins and pollutants), investigating impacts of multiple stressors with UVR on the coral microbiome, and elucidating the effects of multi-stressors with UVR across early-life history stages (especially larvae). UVR is a pervasive stressor to corals and can interact with other environmental conditions to compromise the resilience of corals. This environmental driver needs to be more comprehensively examined alongside climate change stressors (e.g., temperature increases, ocean acidification and hypoxia) to better understand future climate scenarios on reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Downie
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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10
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Moore CE, Griebel A. A Beginner's Guide to Eddy Covariance: Methodology and Its Applications to Photosynthesis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2790:227-256. [PMID: 38649574 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3790-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The eddy covariance technique, commonly applied using flux towers, enables the investigation of greenhouse gas (e.g., carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide) and energy (latent and sensible heat) fluxes between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Through measuring carbon fluxes in particular, eddy covariance flux towers can give insight into how ecosystem scale photosynthesis (i.e., gross primary productivity) changes over time in response to climate and management. This chapter is designed to be a beginner's guide to understanding the eddy covariance method and how it can be applied in photosynthesis research. It introduces key concepts and assumptions that apply to the method, what materials are required to set up a flux tower, as well as practical advice for site installation, maintenance, data management, and postprocessing considerations. This chapter also includes examples of what can go wrong, with advice on how to correct these errors if they arise. This chapter has been crafted to help new users design, install, and manage the best towers to suit their research needs and includes additional resources throughout to further guide successful eddy covariance research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Moore
- UWA School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
| | - Anne Griebel
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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11
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Huang R, Tang C, Zhao Y, Liu L, Chen J, Shi Z, Yan Z. Unveiling the Biochar-Respiratory Growth of Methanosarcina acetivorans Involving Extracellular Polymeric Substances. Microb Ecol 2023; 86:2970-2980. [PMID: 37684545 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar can be applied to diverse natural and engineered anaerobic systems. Biochar plays biogeochemical roles during its production, storage, and environmental dynamics, one of which is related to the global methane flux governed by methanotrophs and methanogens. Our understanding of relevant mechanisms is currently limited to the roles of biochar in methanotrophic growth, but less is known about the roles of biochar in methanogenic growth. Here, we demonstrated that biochar enhanced the methanogenic growth of a model methanogen, Methanosarcina acetivorans, and the role of biochar as an electron acceptor during methanogenic growth was confirmed, which is referred to as biochar-respiratory growth. The biochar-respiratory growth of M. acetivorans promoted the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with augmented electron transfer capabilities, and the removal of EPS significantly attenuated extracellular electron transfer. Identification and quantification of prosthetic cofactors for EPS suggest an important role of flavin and F420 in extracellular electron transfer. Transcriptomic analysis provided additional insights into the biochar-respiratory growth of M. acetivorans, showing that there was a positive response in transcriptional regulation to the favorable growth environment provided by biochar, which stimulated global methanogenesis. Our results shed more light on the in situ roles of biochar in the ecophysiology of methanogens in diverse anaerobic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Chuyan Tang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yameng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Jiazhe Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Zhirui Shi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Roberts KT, Szejner-Sigal A, Lehmann P. Seasonal energetics: are insects constrained by energy during dormancy? J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245782. [PMID: 37921417 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
In seasonal environments, many animals, including insects, enter dormancy, where they are limited to a fixed energy budget. The inability to replenish energetic stores during these periods suggests insects should be constrained by pre-dormancy energy stores. Over the last century, the community of researchers working on survival during dormancy has operated under the strong assumption that energy limitation is a key fitness trait driving the evolution of seasonal strategies. That is, energy use has to be minimized during dormancy because insects otherwise run out of energy and die during dormancy, or are left with too little energy to complete development, reproductive maturation or other costly post-dormancy processes such as dispersal or nest building. But if energy is so strongly constrained during dormancy, how can some insects - even within the same species and population - be dormant in very warm environments or show prolonged dormancy for many successive years? In this Commentary, we discuss major assumptions regarding dormancy energetics and outline cases where insects appear to align with our assumptions and where they do not. We then highlight several research directions that could help link organismal energy use with landscape-level changes. Overall, the optimal energetic strategy during dormancy might not be to simply minimize metabolic rate, but instead to maintain a level that matches the demands of the specific life-history strategy. Given the influence of temperature on energy use rates of insects in winter, understanding dormancy energetic strategies is critical in order to determine the potential impacts of climate change on insects in seasonal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Roberts
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andre Szejner-Sigal
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Philipp Lehmann
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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13
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Sanpradit P, Byeon E, Lee JS, Peerakietkhajorn S. Ecotoxicological, ecophysiological, and mechanistic studies on zinc oxide (ZnO) toxicity in freshwater environment. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 273:109720. [PMID: 37586582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The world has faced climate change that affects hydrology and thermal systems in the aquatic environment resulting in temperature changes, which directly affect the aquatic ecosystem. Elevated water temperature influences the physico-chemical properties of chemicals in freshwater ecosystems leading to disturbing living organisms. Owing to the industrial revolution, the mass production of zinc oxide (ZnO) has been led to contaminated environments, and therefore, the toxicological effects of ZnO become more concerning under climate change scenarios. A comprehensive understanding of its toxicity influenced by main factors driven by climate change is indispensable. This review summarized the detrimental effects of ZnO with a single ZnO exposure and combined it with key climate change-associated factors in many aspects (i.e., oxidative stress, energy reserves, behavior and life history traits). Moreover, this review tried to point out ZnO kinetic behavior and corresponding mechanisms which pose a problem of observed detrimental effects correlated with the alteration of elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweena Sanpradit
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Saranya Peerakietkhajorn
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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14
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Costa DP, Favilla AB. Field physiology in the aquatic realm: ecological energetics and diving behavior provide context for elucidating patterns and deviations. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245832. [PMID: 37843467 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Comparative physiology has developed a rich understanding of the physiological adaptations of organisms, from microbes to megafauna. Despite extreme differences in size and a diversity of habitats, general patterns are observed in their physiological adaptations. Yet, many organisms deviate from the general patterns, providing an opportunity to understand the importance of ecology in determining the evolution of unusual adaptations. Aquatic air-breathing vertebrates provide unique study systems in which the interplay between ecology, physiology and behavior is most evident. They must perform breath-hold dives to obtain food underwater, which imposes a physiological constraint on their foraging time as they must resurface to breathe. This separation of two critical resources has led researchers to investigate these organisms' physiological adaptations and trade-offs. Addressing such questions on large marine animals is best done in the field, given the difficulty of replicating the environment of these animals in the lab. This Review examines the long history of research on diving physiology and behavior. We show how innovative technology and the careful selection of research animals have provided a holistic understanding of diving mammals' physiology, behavior and ecology. We explore the role of the aerobic diving limit, body size, oxygen stores, prey distribution and metabolism. We then identify gaps in our knowledge and suggest areas for future research, pointing out how this research will help conserve these unique animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Costa
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Arina B Favilla
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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15
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Hird C, Cramp RL, Franklin CE. Thermal compensation reduces DNA damage from UV radiation. J Therm Biol 2023; 117:103711. [PMID: 37717403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Increases in ultraviolet radiation (UVR) correlate spatially and temporally with global amphibian population declines and interact with other stressors such as disease and temperature. Declines have largely occurred in high-altitude areas associated with greater UVR and cooler temperatures. UVR is a powerful mutagenic harming organisms largely by damaging DNA. When acutely exposed to UVR at cool temperatures, amphibian larvae have increased levels of DNA damage. Amphibians may compensate for the depressive effects of temperature on DNA damage through acclimatisation, but it is unknown whether they have this capacity. We reared striped marsh frog larvae (Limnodynastes peronii) in warm (25 °C) and cool (15 °C) temperatures under a low or moderate daily dose of UVR (10 and 40 μW cm-2 UV-B for 1 h at midday, respectively) for 18-20 days and then measured DNA damage resulting from an acute high UVR dose (80 μW cm-2 UV-B for 1.5 h) at a range of temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C). Larvae acclimated to 15 °C and exposed to UVR at 15 °C completely compensated UVR-induced DNA damage compared with 25 °C acclimated larvae exposed to UVR at 25 °C. Additionally, warm-acclimated larvae had higher DNA damage than cold-acclimated larvae across test temperatures, which indicated a cost of living in warmer temperatures. Larvae reared under elevated UVR levels showed no evidence of UVR acclimation resulting in lower DNA damage following high UVR exposure. Our finding that thermal acclimation in L. peronii larvae compensated UVR-induced DNA damage at low temperatures suggested that aquatic ectotherms living in cool temperatures may be more resilient to high UVR than previously realised. We suggested individuals or species with less capacity for thermal acclimation of DNA repair mechanisms may be more at risk if exposed to changing thermal and UVR exposure regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen Hird
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Magandjin, 4072, Australia.
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Magandjin, 4072, Australia
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Magandjin, 4072, Australia
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16
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Soncini R, Klein W. Surface tension in biological systems - a common problem with a variety of solutions. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 284:111475. [PMID: 37421990 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Water is of fundamental importance to living organisms, not only as a universal solvent to maintain metabolic activity but also due to the effects the physical properties of water have on different organismal structures. In this review, we explore some examples of how living organisms deal with surfaces covered with or in contact with water. While we do not intend to describe all possible forms of interactions in every minute detail, we would like to draw attention to this intriguing interdisciplinary subject and discuss the positive and negative effects of the interaction forces between water molecules and organisms. Topics explored include locomotion on water, wettability of surfaces, benefits of retaining a film of air while submerged (Salvinia effect), surface tension of water inhibiting air-breathing, accumulation of water in small tubes, surface tension in non-mammalian and mammalian respiratory systems. In each topic, we address the importance of interactions with water and the adaptations seen in an organism to solve the surface-related challenges, trying to explore the different selective pressures acting onto different organisms allowing exploring or compensating these surface-related interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseli Soncini
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Wilfried Klein
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Zuluaga JD, Danner RM. Novel approaches for assessing acclimatization in birds reveal seasonal changes in peripheral heat exchange and thermoregulatory behaviors. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245772. [PMID: 37665269 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Using thermography and behavioral analyses, we found that heat exchange and thermoregulatory behaviors changed seasonally in chipping sparrows (Spizella passerina). Studies on seasonal acclimatization in birds have primarily involved metabolic measurements, few of which have investigated behaviors, and none have investigated changes in peripheral heat exchange. We captured chipping sparrows in the winter and summer of 2022 in Wilmington, North Carolina, USA, and we collected thermal images of these birds at 15.0, 27.5 and 40.0°C. We found that heat dissipation through the bill and legs changed seasonally, but surprisingly both were higher in winter than in summer. We found that heat dissipating behaviors were more common in winter, whereas heat conserving behaviors were more common in summer, and that behaviors associated with resource costs (e.g. panting) or predation risk (e.g. bill tucking) showed the most distinct differences between seasons. Meanwhile, low-cost and low-risk postural adjustments (e.g. feather adjustments and tarsus exposure) did not vary as strongly between seasons but followed similar trends. The seasonal adjustments to behaviors suggest that non-acclimatized birds must use costly thermoregulatory behaviors more frequently than acclimatized birds. The use of thermography resulted in the discovery of one completely novel behavior, and the first detection of a known behavior in a new species. Both novel behaviors aided in evaporative heat loss and occurred more commonly in winter, supporting the presence of seasonal acclimatization as evidenced by behavioral adjustments. These results provide novel insights into the process of acclimatization and suggest a role for behavioral adjustments in seasonal acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Zuluaga
- University of North Carolina Wilmington Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403-5915, USA
| | - Raymond M Danner
- University of North Carolina Wilmington Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403-5915, USA
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18
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Collins M, Clark MS, Truebano M. The environmental cellular stress response: the intertidal as a multistressor model. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:467-475. [PMID: 37129699 PMCID: PMC10469114 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The wild poses a multifaceted challenge to the maintenance of cellular function. Therefore, a multistressor approach is essential to predict the cellular mechanisms which promote homeostasis and underpin whole-organism tolerance. The intertidal zone is particularly dynamic, and thus, its inhabitants provide excellent models to assess mechanisms underpinning multistressor tolerance. Here, we critically review our current understanding of the regulation of the cellular stress response (CSR) under multiple abiotic stressors in intertidal organisms and consider to what extent a multistressor approach brings us closer to understanding responses in the wild. The function of the CSR has been well documented in laboratory and field exposures with a view to understanding single-stressor thermal effects. Multistressor studies still remain relatively limited in comparison but have applied three main approaches: (i) laboratory application of multiple stressors in isolation, (ii) multiple stressors applied in combination, and (iii) field-based correlation of multiple stressors against the CSR. The application of multiple stressors in isolation has allowed the identification of putative, shared stress pathways but overlooks non-additive stressor interactions on the CSR. Combined stressor studies are relatively limited in number but already highlight variable effects on the CSR dependent upon stressor type, timing, and magnitude. Field studies have allowed the identification of responsive components of the CSR to various stressors in situ but are correlative, not causative. A combined approach involving laboratory multistressor studies linking the CSR to whole-organism tolerance as well as field studies is required if we are to understand the role of the CSR in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Collins
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK
| | - Manuela Truebano
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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19
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Wong CYS. Plant optics: underlying mechanisms in remotely sensed signals for phenotyping applications. AoB Plants 2023; 15:plad039. [PMID: 37560760 PMCID: PMC10407989 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical-based remote sensing offers great potential for phenotyping vegetation traits and functions for a range of applications including vegetation monitoring and assessment. A key strength of optical-based approaches is the underlying mechanistic link to vegetation physiology, biochemistry, and structure that influences a spectral signal. By exploiting spectral variation driven by plant physiological response to environment, remotely sensed products can be used to estimate vegetation traits and functions. However, oftentimes these products are proxies based on covariance, which can lead to misinterpretation and decoupling under certain scenarios. This viewpoint will discuss (i) the optical properties of vegetation, (ii) applications of vegetation indices, solar-induced fluorescence, and machine-learning approaches, and (iii) how covariance can lead to good empirical proximation of plant traits and functions. Understanding and acknowledging the underlying mechanistic basis of plant optics must be considered as remotely sensed data availability and applications continue to grow. Doing so will enable appropriate application and consideration of limitations for the use of optical-based remote sensing for phenotyping applications.
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20
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Peruzza L, Tucci CF, Frizzo R, Riello T, Quagliariello A, Martino ME, Manuzzi A, Dalla Rovere G, Bonsembiante F, Gelain ME, Smits M, Borgheresi O, Camerani F, Panin M, Venier P, Mammi S, Hauton C, Patarnello T, Milan M, Bargelloni L. Impaired reproduction, energy reserves and dysbiosis: The overlooked consequences of heatwaves in a bivalve mollusc. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 193:115192. [PMID: 37364338 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Extreme events like Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) are becoming more intense, severe, and frequent, threatening benthic communities, specifically bivalves. However, the consequences of non-lethal MHWs on animals are still poorly understood. Here, we exposed the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum to non-lethal MHW for 30 days and provided an integrative view of its effects. Our result indicated that albeit non-lethal, MHW reduced clam's energy reserves (by reducing their hepato-somatic index), triggered antioxidant defenses (particularly in males), impaired reproduction (via the production of smaller oocytes in females), triggered dysbiosis in the digestive gland microbiota and altered animals' behaviour (by impacting their burying capacity) and filtration rate. Such effects were seen also at RNA-seq (i.e. many down-regulated genes belonged to reproduction) and metabolome level. Interestingly, negative effects were more pronounced in males than in females. Our results show that MHWs influence animal physiology at multiple levels, likely impacting its fitness and its ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Peruzza
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Carmen Federica Tucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Riccardo Frizzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Tobia Riello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Quagliariello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Martino
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alice Manuzzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Dalla Rovere
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Federico Bonsembiante
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Gelain
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Morgan Smits
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Camerani
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Mattia Panin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Venier
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Mammi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Chris Hauton
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way Southampton, UK
| | - Tomaso Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; NFBC, National Future Biodiversity Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; NFBC, National Future Biodiversity Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; NFBC, National Future Biodiversity Center, Palermo, Italy
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21
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Zweifel R, Pappas C, Peters RL, Babst F, Balanzategui D, Basler D, Bastos A, Beloiu M, Buchmann N, Bose AK, Braun S, Damm A, D'Odorico P, Eitel JUH, Etzold S, Fonti P, Rouholahnejad Freund E, Gessler A, Haeni M, Hoch G, Kahmen A, Körner C, Krejza J, Krumm F, Leuchner M, Leuschner C, Lukovic M, Martínez-Vilalta J, Matula R, Meesenburg H, Meir P, Plichta R, Poyatos R, Rohner B, Ruehr N, Salomón RL, Scharnweber T, Schaub M, Steger DN, Steppe K, Still C, Stojanović M, Trotsiuk V, Vitasse Y, von Arx G, Wilmking M, Zahnd C, Sterck F. Networking the forest infrastructure towards near real-time monitoring - A white paper. Sci Total Environ 2023; 872:162167. [PMID: 36775147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Forests account for nearly 90 % of the world's terrestrial biomass in the form of carbon and they support 80 % of the global biodiversity. To understand the underlying forest dynamics, we need a long-term but also relatively high-frequency, networked monitoring system, as traditionally used in meteorology or hydrology. While there are numerous existing forest monitoring sites, particularly in temperate regions, the resulting data streams are rarely connected and do not provide information promptly, which hampers real-time assessments of forest responses to extreme climate events. The technology to build a better global forest monitoring network now exists. This white paper addresses the key structural components needed to achieve a novel meta-network. We propose to complement - rather than replace or unify - the existing heterogeneous infrastructure with standardized, quality-assured linking methods and interacting data processing centers to create an integrated forest monitoring network. These automated (research topic-dependent) linking methods in atmosphere, biosphere, and pedosphere play a key role in scaling site-specific results and processing them in a timely manner. To ensure broad participation from existing monitoring sites and to establish new sites, these linking methods must be as informative, reliable, affordable, and maintainable as possible, and should be supplemented by near real-time remote sensing data. The proposed novel meta-network will enable the detection of emergent patterns that would not be visible from isolated analyses of individual sites. In addition, the near real-time availability of data will facilitate predictions of current forest conditions (nowcasts), which are urgently needed for research and decision making in the face of rapid climate change. We call for international and interdisciplinary efforts in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Zweifel
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Christoforos Pappas
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece.
| | - Richard L Peters
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Flurin Babst
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, 1064 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, 1215 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Daniel Balanzategui
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Wissenschaftpark "Albert Einstein", Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany; Geography Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Rudower Ch 16, 12489 Berlin, DE, USA.
| | - David Basler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ana Bastos
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Dept. of Biogeochemical Integration, Hans Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Mirela Beloiu
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstr. 2, LFW C56, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Arun K Bose
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Sabine Braun
- Institute for Applied Plant Biology, Benkenstrasse 254A, 4108 Witterswil, Switzerland.
| | - Alexander Damm
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology, Surface Waters - Research and Management, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Petra D'Odorico
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Jan U H Eitel
- Department of Natural Resource and Society, University of Idaho, 1800 University Lane, 83638 McCall, ID, USA.
| | - Sophia Etzold
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | | | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Haeni
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Körner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jan Krejza
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Frank Krumm
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Leuchner
- Department of Physical Geography and Climatology, Institute of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Mirko Lukovic
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Catalonia E08193, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Catalonia E08193, Spain.
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6, Suchdol 16521, Czech Republic.
| | - Henning Meesenburg
- Northwest German Forest Research Institute, Grätzelstr. 2, D-37079 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH93FF, UK.
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Catalonia E08193, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Valles), Catalonia E08193, Spain.
| | - Brigitte Rohner
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Nadine Ruehr
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany.
| | - Roberto L Salomón
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- DendroGreif, University Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - David N Steger
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Christopher Still
- Forest Ecosystems and Society Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Volodymyr Trotsiuk
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Yann Vitasse
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
| | - Georg von Arx
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Wilmking
- DendroGreif, University Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Cedric Zahnd
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Frank Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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22
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Cao JJ, Chen J, Yang QP, Xiong YM, Ren WZ, Kong DL. Leaf hydraulics coordinated with leaf economics and leaf size in mangrove species along a salinity gradient. Plant Divers 2023; 45:309-314. [PMID: 37397598 PMCID: PMC10311193 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Independence among leaf economics, leaf hydraulics and leaf size confers plants great capability in adapting to heterogeneous environments. However, it remains unclear whether the independence of the leaf traits revealed across species still holds within species, especially under stressed conditions. Here, a suite of traits in these dimensions were measured in leaves and roots of a typical mangrove species, Ceriops tagal, which grows in habitats with a similar sunny and hot environment but different soil salinity in southern China. Compared with C. tagal under low soil salinity, C. tagal under high soil salinity had lower photosynthetic capacity, as indicated directly by a lower leaf nitrogen concentration and higher water use efficiency, and indirectly by a higher investment in defense function and thinner palisade tissue; had lower water transport capacity, as evidenced by thinner leaf minor veins and thinner root vessels; and also had much smaller single leaf area. Leaf economics, hydraulics and leaf size of the mangrove species appear to be coordinated as one trait dimension, which likely stemmed from co-variation of soil water and nutrient availability along the salinity gradient. The intraspecific leaf trait relationship under a stressful environment is insightful for our understanding of plant adaption to the multifarious environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Cao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qing-Pei Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yan-Mei Xiong
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Wei-Zheng Ren
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - De-Liang Kong
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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23
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Cumplido M, D'Amico V, Bertellotti M, Atencio M, Dinsmore SJ, Palacios MG. Integrative assessment of immunity, health-state, growth and survival of Magellanic penguin chicks in a colony exposed to ecotourism. Sci Total Environ 2023; 870:161915. [PMID: 36736413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating reports of negative impacts of tourist activities on wildlife emphasize the importance of closely monitoring focal populations. Although some effects are readily noticed, more subtle ones such as changes in physiological functions of individuals might go overlooked. Based on evidence of altered physiology associated with ecotourism on Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus, here we performed an integrated assessment using a diverse physiological toolkit together with more traditional fitness-related measures to better understand mechanisms and potential consequences. Chicks exposed to tourism showed altered immune parameters and elevated flea prevalence, reinforcing previous findings. Tourism-exposed female, but not male, chicks also showed relatively lower hematocrit and plasma protein levels, providing evidence consistent with a sex-specific response to tourist visitation. Physiological alterations detected in tourism-exposed young chicks (week 1-2) were maintained and the effect on flea infestation increased during the study period (week 4-5 of post-hatch). Despite the effects on physiology, these did not seem to translate into immediate fitness costs. No detectable tourism effects were found on brood sex ratios, chick growth and body condition, and survival until week 5-6 post-hatch. We detected no effects on reproductive output and only a marginal effect on nest survival during incubation despite previous reports of tourism-associated alterations in stress indices of adults. This disconnection could result if the physiological changes are not strong enough to impact fitness, if effects balance each other out, or if changes are part of a copying strategy. Alternatively, the physiological alterations might only show impacts later in the brooding cycle or even after chick emancipation from their parents. Our results suggest that integrative monitoring of potential anthropogenic impacts on wildlife should include evaluation of physiological mechanisms and individual-level responses in populations exposed to human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cumplido
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), CCT CONICET-CENPAT, Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - V D'Amico
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), CCT CONICET-CENPAT, Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - M Bertellotti
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), CCT CONICET-CENPAT, Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Universidad del Chubut, Leandro N. Alem 1573, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - M Atencio
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, IEGEBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S J Dinsmore
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 339 Science II, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - M G Palacios
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), CCT CONICET-CENPAT, Bvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
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24
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Corapi A, Gallo L, Tursi A, Lucadamo L. Agricultural drift depositional simulation of a copper-based fungicide and its effects on non-target terrestrial and freshwater compartments. Ecotoxicology 2023; 32:370-382. [PMID: 36995475 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Our research investigated the potential impacts of the fungicide Bordeaux mixture drift processes on off-target species representing terrestrial vegetation and fluvial-lacustrine zooplankton. The simulation of drift events was carried out by a predictive scaling analysis of the quantities potentially exported to a predetermined area adjacent to an agricultural field. The theoretical rate of deposition on a terrestrial species, the lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea, was calculated following high (4 kg ha-1) and low (2 kg ha-1) rate treatments using anti-drift nozzles and non-anti-drift nozzles. The experimental set up consisted in 40 boxes holding lichen thalli, all stored in a climatic chamber for 40 days. Spraying of the fungicide was alternated with rainfall simulations to reproduce scenarios related to agricultural practices. Following a single simulation, anti-drift nozzles resulted in a higher overall load deposited per unit of lichen surface area compared to non-anti-drift nozzles, although both loads significantly differed from controls. However, only anti-drift nozzles, associated with the high rate, caused a remarkable impairment of several ecophysiological parameters, differing (p < 0.05) from controls. Rainfalls promoted activation of lichen metabolism, mitigating the cell damage, but exported only 2.5% of the copper deposited on the thalli surfaces. Nevertheless, the exposure of Daphnia magna neonates to leachates showed significant outcomes for the two rates. After only 24 h, leachates resulting from the high application rate led to widespread mortality, which appeared to be extremely relevant after 48 h, whereas the lower rate induced much lower toxicity for both exposure times.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Corapi
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, CS, Italy.
| | - L Gallo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, CS, Italy
| | - A Tursi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, CS, Italy
| | - L Lucadamo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, CS, Italy
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25
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Andreï J, Guérold F, Bouquerel J, Devin S, Mehennaoui K, Cambier S, Gutleb AC, Giambérini L, Pain-Devin S. Assessing the effects of silver nanoparticles on the ecophysiology of Gammarus roeseli. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 256:106421. [PMID: 36805111 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Being part of the macrobenthic fauna, gammarids are efficient indicators of contamination of aquatic ecosystems by nanoparticles that are likely to sediment on the bottom. The present study investigates the effects of silver nanoparticles (nAg) on ecophysiological functions in Gammarus roeseli by using a realistic scenario of contamination. Indeed, an experiment was conducted during 72 h, assessing the effects of 5 silver nAg from 10 to 100 nm diluted at concentrations of maximum 5 µg L-1 in a natural water retrieved from a stream and supplemented with food. The measured endpoints in gammarids were survival, silver concentrations in tissues, consumption of oxygen and ventilation of gills. Additionally, a set of biomarkers of the energetic metabolism was measured. After a 72-h exposure, results showed a concentration-dependent increase of silver levels in G. roeseli that was significant for the smallest nAg size (10 nm). Ecophysiological responses in G. roeseli were affected and the most striking effect was a concentration-dependent increase in oxygen consumption especially for the smallest nAg (10 to 40 nm), whereas ventilation of gills by gammarids was not changed. The potential mechanisms underlying these findings are discussed. Thus, we demonstrated the very low exposure concentration of 0.5 µg L-1 for the small nAg size led to significant ecophysiological effects reinforcing the need to further investigate subtle effects on nanoparticles on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simon Devin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France
| | - Kahina Mehennaoui
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Sebastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Laure Giambérini
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; International Consortium for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (iCEINT), Aix en Provence, France
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Skelton RP, West AG, Buttner D, Dawson TE. Consistent responses to moisture stress despite diverse growth forms within mountain fynbos communities. Oecologia 2023; 201:323-339. [PMID: 36692692 PMCID: PMC9944370 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding climate change impacts on the Cape Floristic Region requires improved knowledge of plant physiological responses to the environment. Studies examining physiological responses of mountain fynbos have consisted of campaign-based measurements, capturing snapshots of plant water relations and photosynthesis. We examine conclusions drawn from prior studies by tracking in situ physiological responses of three species, representing dominant growth forms (proteoid, ericoid, restioid), over 2 years using miniature continuous sap flow technology, long-term observations of leaf/culm water potential and gas exchange, and xylem vulnerability to embolism. We observed considerable inter-specific variation in the timing and extent of seasonal declines in productivity. Shallow-rooted Erica monsoniana exhibited steep within-season declines in sap flow and water potentials, and pronounced inter-annual variability in total daily sap flux (Js). Protea repens showed steady reductions in Js across both years, despite deeper roots and less negative water potentials. Cannomois congesta-a shallow-rooted restioid-was least negatively impacted. Following rehydrating rain at the end of summer, gas exchange recovery was lower in the drier year compared with the normal year, but did not differ between species. Loss of function in the drier year was partially accounted for by loss of xylem transport capacity in Erica and Cannomois, but not Protea. Hitherto unseen water use patterns, including inter-annual variability of gas exchange associated with contrasting water uptake properties, reveal that species use different mechanisms to cope with summer dry periods. Revealing physiological responses of key growth forms enhances predictions of plant function within mountain fynbos under future conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam G West
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniel Buttner
- Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
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27
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Valencia-Esquivel I, Kiere LM, Osorio-Beristain M. Protection from overheating of simulated Sceloporus horridus lizards in a biosphere reserve of seasonally dry tropical forest in central Mexico. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103462. [PMID: 36796907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In seasonally dry ecosystems, loss of vegetation cover leads to warmer microclimates that can increase lizards' body temperatures to the point of threatening their performance. Preserving vegetation by establishing protected areas may mitigate these effects. We used remote sensing to test these ideas in the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve (REBIOSH) and surrounding areas. First, we determined whether vegetation cover was higher in the REBIOSH compared to adjacent unprotected areas to the north (NAA) and south (SAA). Then, we used a mechanistic niche model to test whether simulated Sceloporus horridus lizards in the REBIOSH experienced a cooler microclimate, higher thermal safety margin, longer foraging duration, and lower basal metabolic rate compared to adjacent unprotected areas. We compared these variables between 1999, when the reserve was declared, and 2020. We found that vegetation cover increased from 1999 to 2020 in all three areas; it was higher in the REBIOSH than in the more anthropized NAA, and was intermediate in the less anthropized SAA in both years. The microclimate temperature decreased from 1999 to 2020 and was lower in the REBIOSH and SAA than in the NAA. Thermal safety margin increased from 1999 to 2020; it was higher in the REBIOSH than in the NAA and intermediate in the SAA. Foraging duration increased from 1999 to 2020 and was similar among the three polygons. Basal metabolic rate decreased from 1999 to 2020 and was higher in the NAA than in the REBIOSH and SAA. Our results suggest that the REBIOSH provides cooler microclimates that increase the thermal safety margin and lower the metabolic rate of this generalist lizard compared to the NAA, and that the REBIOSH could contribute to increased vegetation cover in its surroundings. Besides, protecting original vegetation cover is an important part of climate change mitigation strategies more generally.
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28
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Elliott KH, Roth JD, Crook K, Yurkowski D. Lipid Extraction and Sample Preservation Techniques for Stable Isotope Analysis and Ecological Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2625:241-57. [PMID: 36653648 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2966-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid extraction is an important component of many ecological and ecotoxicological measurements. For instance, percent lipid is often used as a measure of body condition, under the assumption that those individuals with higher lipid reserves are healthier. Likewise, lipids are depleted in 13C compared with protein, and it is consequently a routine to remove lipids prior to measuring carbon isotopes in ecological studies so that variation in lipid content does not obscure variation in diet. We provide detailed methods for two different protocols for lipid extraction: Soxhlet apparatus and manual distillation. We also provide methods for polar and non-polar solvents. Neutral (non-polar) solvents remove some lipids but few non-lipid compounds whereas polar solvents remove not only most lipids but also many non-lipid compounds. We discuss each of the methods and provide guidelines for best practices. We recommend that for stable isotope analysis, researchers test for a relationship between the change in the carbon stable isotope ratio and the amount of lipid extracted to see if the degree of extraction has an impact on isotope ratios. Stable isotope analysis is widely used by ecologists, and we provide a detailed methodology that minimizes known biases.
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29
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Bueno FR, Spinelli de Oliveira E, Klein W. Effects of water restriction and dirt on grooming behavior in neotropical rodents (Trinomys setosus and T. yonenagae) (Echimyidae). Behav Processes 2023; 204:104781. [PMID: 36402407 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Grooming in rodents presents an evolutionarily conserved behavioral pattern that may cause water loss since saliva is deposited during washing onto large body surfaces. Trinomys yonenagae and Trinomys setosus are sister species of spiny rats occurring in Brazil, the former inhabiting a paleodesert of fixed dunes in the Caatinga, the latter being found in mesic environments of the Atlantic Forest. Consequently, it is expected that both species evolved under different selective pressures related to water balance, with T. yonenagae presenting mechanisms for dealing with water deprivation not found in T. setosus. Reduction of self-cleaning expression seems to offer a possible way to save water, as previously suggested by studies of the sand-dwelling spiny rat. Therefore, we propose to investigate grooming under four conditions: 'control' (C), a regimen of 'water restriction' (WR), of 'dirt' (D), and the combination of both conflicting stimuli (WR + D), in T. setosus, T. yonenagae, and Rattus norvegicus to compare the behavioral responses of these species. The main differences are observed in the forest dweller: T. setosus expresses a low relative duration of face washing under C, whose value is intermediate between the ones found in the two other species. WR treatment does not alter this pattern, however, the addition of dirt (D, WR + D) significantly increases the relative duration of washing in relation to C. Locomotor activity is decreased both in T. setosus and Wistar rats when they are under WR, a situation that could jeopardize antipredatory performance. T. yonenagae, the sand dweller, maintains a significantly lower expression of washing under C, as previously suggested, and under WR, D and WR + D. In addition, differently from the other two species the sand dweller maintains a normal activity level during all treatments. This study suggests differences in grooming as a strategy alluding to water balance by the two spiny rats inhabiting different ecosystems. A significantly clear pattern that saves water is observed in T. yonenagae, which probably has contributed to his evolution in one of the hottest semiarid areas of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Regina Bueno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Elisabeth Spinelli de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilfried Klein
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Du J, Izquierdo D, Naoum J, Ohlund L, Sleno L, Beisner BE, Lavaud J, Juneau P. Pesticide responses of Arctic and temperate microalgae differ in relation to ecophysiological characteristics. Aquat Toxicol 2023; 254:106323. [PMID: 36435012 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polar ecosystems play an important role in global primary production. Microalgae have adaptations that enable them to live under low temperature environments where irradiance and day length change drastically. Their adaptations, leading to different ecophysiological characteristics relative to temperate species, could also alter their sensitivity to pollutants such as pesticides. This study's objective was to understand how different ecophysiological characteristics influence the response of Arctic phytoplankton to pesticides in relation to the responses of their temperate counterparts. Ecophysiological endpoints were related to growth, cell biovolume, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, photoprotective mechanisms (NPQ, antioxidant enzyme activities), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. The Arctic species Micromonas polaris was more resistant to atrazine and simazine than its temperate counterpart Micromonas bravo. However, the other Arctic species Chaetoceros neogracilis was more sensitive to these herbicides than its temperate counterpart Chaetoceros neogracile. With respect to two other pesticide toxicity, both temperate microalgae were more sensitive to trifluralin, while Arctic microalgae were more sensitive to chlorpyrifos (insecticide). All differences could be ascribed to differences in the eco-physiological features of the two microalgal groups, which can be explained by cell size, pigment content, ROS content and protective mechanisms (NPQ and antioxidant enzymes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, GRIL-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Disney Izquierdo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, GRIL-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Naoum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, GRIL-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Leanne Ohlund
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Lekha Sleno
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Beatrix E Beisner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie (GRIL), Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Johann Lavaud
- TAKUVIK International Research Laboratory IRL3376, Université Laval (Canada) - CNRS (France), Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 av. de la Médecine, local 2064, G1V 0A6 Québec, Canada; LEMAR-Laboratory of Environmental Marine Sciences, UMR6539, CNRS/Univ Brest/Ifremer/IRD, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, GRIL-EcotoQ-TOXEN, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Hasnain M, Munir N, Abideen Z, Zulfiqar F, Koyro HW, El-Naggar A, Caçador I, Duarte B, Rinklebe J, Yong JWH. Biochar-plant interaction and detoxification strategies under abiotic stresses for achieving agricultural resilience: A critical review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 249:114408. [PMID: 36516621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The unpredictable climatic perturbations, the expanding industrial and mining sectors, excessive agrochemicals, greater reliance on wastewater usage in cultivation, and landfill leachates, are collectively causing land degradation and affecting cultivation, thereby reducing food production globally. Biochar can generally mitigate the unfavourable effects brought about by climatic perturbations (drought, waterlogging) and degraded soils to sustain crop production. It can also reduce the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of pollutants in contaminated soils via the immobilization of inorganic and/or organic contaminants, commonly through surface complexation, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, adsorption, and co-precipitation. When biochar is applied to soil, it typically neutralizes soil acidity, enhances cation exchange capacity, water holding capacity, soil aeration, and microbial activity. Thus, biochar has been was widely used as an amendment to ameliorate crop abiotic/biotic stress. This review discusses the effects of biochar addition under certain unfavourable conditions (salinity, drought, flooding and heavy metal stress) to improve plant resilience undergoing these perturbations. Biochar applied with other stimulants like compost, humic acid, phytohormones, microbes and nanoparticles could be synergistic in some situation to enhance plant resilience and survivorship in especially saline, waterlogged and arid conditions. Overall, biochar can provide an effective and low-cost solution, especially in nutrient-poor and highly degraded soils to sustain plant cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hasnain
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Neelma Munir
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainul Abideen
- Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan.
| | - Hans Werner Koyro
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ali El-Naggar
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisbon; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisbon; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 23456, Sweden.
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Carbillet J, Hollain M, Rey B, Palme R, Pellerin M, Regis C, Geffré A, Duhayer J, Pardonnet S, Debias F, Merlet J, Lemaître JF, Verheyden H, Gilot-Fromont E. Age and spatio-temporal variations in food resources modulate stress-immunity relationships in three populations of wild roe deer. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 330:114141. [PMID: 36272446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Living in variable and unpredictable environments, organisms face recurrent stressful situations. The endocrine stress response, which includes the secretion of glucocorticoids, helps organisms to cope with these perturbations. Although short-term elevations of glucocorticoid levels are often associated with immediate beneficial consequences for individuals, long-term glucocorticoid elevation can compromise key physiological functions such as immunity. While laboratory works highlighted the immunosuppressive effect of long-term elevated glucocorticoids, it remains largely unknown, especially in wild animals, whether this relationship is modulated by individual and environmental characteristics. In this study, we explored the co-variation between integrated cortisol levels, assessed non-invasively using faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs), and 12 constitutive indices of innate, inflammatory, and adaptive immune functions, in wild roe deer living in three populations with previously known contrasting environmental conditions. Using longitudinal data on 564 individuals, we further investigated whether age and spatio-temporal variations in the quantity and quality of food resources modulate the relationship between FCMs and immunity. Negative covariation with glucocorticoids was evident only for innate and inflammatory markers of immunity, while adaptive immunity appeared to be positively or not linked to glucocorticoids. In addition, the negative covariations were generally stronger in individuals facing harsh environmental constraints and in old individuals. Therefore, our results highlight the importance of measuring multiple immune markers of immunity in individuals from contrasted environments to unravel the complex relationships between glucocorticoids and immunity in wild animals. Our results also help explain conflicting results found in the literature and could improve our understanding of the link between elevated glucocorticoid levels and disease spread, and its consequences on population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Carbillet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet Tolosan, 31326, France; LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, Auzeville-Tolosane, 31320, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, 69280, France; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu 51014, Estonia.
| | - Marine Hollain
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex 69100, France; Office Français de la biodiversité, Direction de la Recherche et de l'Appui Scientifique, Service Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées, Chateauvillain 52210, France
| | - Benjamin Rey
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex 69100, France
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Maryline Pellerin
- Office Français de la biodiversité, Direction de la Recherche et de l'Appui Scientifique, Service Conservation et Gestion Durable des Espèces Exploitées, Chateauvillain 52210, France
| | - Corinne Regis
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex 69100, France
| | - Anne Geffré
- Equipe de Biologie médicale-Histologie, CREFRE, Inserm-UPS-ENVT, Toulouse 31000, France
| | - Jeanne Duhayer
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex 69100, France
| | - Sylvia Pardonnet
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex 69100, France
| | - François Debias
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex 69100, France
| | - Joël Merlet
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet Tolosan, 31326, France; LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, Auzeville-Tolosane, 31320, France
| | | | - Hélène Verheyden
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CEFS, Castanet Tolosan, 31326, France; LTSER ZA PYRénées GARonne, Auzeville-Tolosane, 31320, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, 69280, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex 69100, France
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Figueroa-Muñoz G, Arismendi I, Urzúa Á, Guzmán-Rivas F, Fierro P, Gomez-Uchida D. Consumption of marine-derived nutrients from invasive Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) transfer ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids to invasive resident rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:157077. [PMID: 35780893 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine-derived nutrients (MDN) contained in gametes (mature eggs and sperm), carcasses and metabolic wastes from anadromous migratory salmon can transfer energy and materials to fresh water, thereby affecting the structure and function of stream ecosystems. This is crucial among ecosystems where humans have mediated biological invasions by propagating non-native species. Previous studies have demonstrated that consumption of MDN from salmon can benefit both native and invasive resident fishes. Yet, a more detailed understanding of the transfer of biomolecules with important physiological functions such as ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) have received less attention among researchers. Here we demonstrate that consumption of MDN contained in invasive Chinook salmon eggs transfers ω-3 HUFAs (e.g., EPA and DHA) to resident invasive rainbow trout in a river food web. We conducted a field study in river sections previously identified as spawning areas for Chinook salmon in the Cisnes River, Patagonia. Rainbow trout were sampled around salmon spawning areas before, during, and after the salmon spawning season. Additionally, we collected tissue from different food web resources and components of different origin (e.g., primary producers, aquatic and terrestrial items) from the Cisnes River system. Analyses of stomach contents of trout were performed in conjunction with analyses of both lipid content and fatty acid profiles of trout tissue and food web components. Chinook salmon eggs showed higher content of ω-3 HUFAs, especially EPA (31.08 ± 23.08 mg g DW-1) and DHA (27.50 ± 14.11 mg g DW-1) than either freshwater or terrestrial components (0-6.10 mg g DW-1 both EPA and DHA). We detected marked shifts in the fatty acid profile (~six-fold increase in EPA and DHA) of trout following consumption of Chinook salmon eggs. Our findings suggest that MDN via consumption of salmon eggs by resident rainbow trout may positively influence resident trout and likely contribute to gauge synergistic interactions between invaders on receiving ecosystems of Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Figueroa-Muñoz
- Programa Magíster en Ciencias mención Pesquerías, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Genomics in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Laboratory (GEECLAB), Department of Zoology, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, Chile; Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ivan Arismendi
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Ángel Urzúa
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fabián Guzmán-Rivas
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo Fierro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniel Gomez-Uchida
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Laboratory (GEECLAB), Department of Zoology, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, Chile.
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Ibbini Z, Spicer JI, Truebano M, Bishop J, Tills O. HeartCV: a tool for transferrable, automated measurement of heart rate and heart rate variability in transparent animals. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:276574. [PMID: 36073614 PMCID: PMC9659326 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart function is a key component of whole-organismal physiology. Bioimaging is commonly, but not exclusively, used for quantifying heart function in transparent individuals, including early developmental stages of aquatic animals, many of which are transparent. However, a central limitation of many imaging-related methods is the lack of transferability between species, life-history stages and experimental approaches. Furthermore, locating the heart in mobile individuals remains challenging. Here, we present HeartCV: an open-source Python package for automated measurement of heart rate and heart rate variability that integrates automated localization and is transferrable across a wide range of species. We demonstrate the efficacy of HeartCV by comparing its outputs with measurements made manually for a number of very different species with contrasting heart morphologies. Lastly, we demonstrate the applicability of the software to different experimental approaches and to different dataset types, such as those corresponding to longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Ibbini
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
- Author for correspondence ()
| | - John I. Spicer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Manuela Truebano
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - John Bishop
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, Citadel Hill Laboratory, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Oliver Tills
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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Shipley ON, Manlick PJ, Newton AL, Matich P, Camhi M, Cerrato RM, Frisk MG, Henkes GA, LaBelle JS, Nye JA, Walters H, Newsome SD, Olin JA. Energetic consequences of resource use diversity in a marine carnivore. Oecologia 2022. [PMID: 36165921 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how intraspecific variation in the use of prey resources impacts energy metabolism has strong implications for predicting long-term fitness and is critical for predicting population-to-community level responses to environmental change. Here, we examine the energetic consequences of variable prey resource use in a widely distributed marine carnivore, juvenile sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus). We used carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis to identify three primary prey resource pools-demersal omnivores, pelagic forage, and benthic detritivores and estimated the proportional assimilation of each resource using Bayesian mixing models. We then quantified how the utilization of these resource pools impacted the concentrations of six plasma lipids and how this varied by ontogeny. Sharks exhibited variable reliance on two of three predominant prey resource pools: demersal omnivores and pelagic forage. Resource use variation was a strong predictor of energetic condition, whereby individuals more reliant upon pelagic forage exhibited higher blood plasma concentrations of very low-density lipoproteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides. These findings underscore how intraspecific variation in resource use may impact the energy metabolism of animals, and more broadly, that natural and anthropogenically driven fluctuations in prey resources could have longer term energetic consequences.
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Lauridsen H, Pedersen JMH, Ringgaard S, Møller PR. Buoyancy and hydrostatic balance in a West Indian Ocean coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae. BMC Biol 2022; 20:180. [PMID: 35982432 PMCID: PMC9389698 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Buoyancy and balance are important parameters for slow-moving, low-metabolic, aquatic organisms. The extant coelacanths have among the lowest metabolic rates of any living vertebrate and can afford little energy to keep station. Previous observations on living coelacanths support the hypothesis that the coelacanth is neutrally buoyant and in close-to-perfect hydrostatic balance. However, precise measurements of buoyancy and balance at different depths have never been made. Results Here we show, using non-invasive imaging, that buoyancy of the coelacanth closely matches its depth distribution. We found that the lipid-filled fatty organ is well suited to support neutral buoyancy, and due to a close-to-perfect hydrostatic balance, simple maneuvers of fins can cause a considerable shift in torque around the pitch axis allowing the coelacanth to assume different body orientations with little physical effort. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a close match between tissue composition, depth range and behavior, and our collection-based approach could be used to predict depth range of less well-studied coelacanth life stages as well as of deep sea fishes in general. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01354-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Lauridsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | | | - Steffen Ringgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Peter Rask Møller
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Tallec K, Gabriele M, Paul-Pont I, Alunno-Bruscia M, Huvet A. Tire rubber chemicals reduce juvenile oyster (Crassostrea gigas) filtration and respiration under experimental conditions. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 181:113936. [PMID: 35850084 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tires can release a large number of chemical compounds that are potentially hazardous for aquatic organisms. An ecophysiological system was used to do high-frequency monitoring of individual clearance, respiration rates, and absorption efficiency of juvenile oysters (8 months old) gradually exposed to four concentrations of tire leachates (equivalent masses: 0, 1, 10, and 100 μg tire mL-1). Leachates significantly reduced clearance (52 %) and respiration (16 %) rates from 1 μg mL-1, while no effect was observed on the absorption efficiency. These results suggest that tire leachates affect oyster gills, which are the organ of respiration and food retention as well as the first barrier against contaminants. Calculations of scope for growth suggested a disruption of the energy balance with a significant reduction of 57 %. Because energy balance directs whole-organism functions (e.g., growth, reproductive outputs), the present study calls for an investigation of the long-term consequences of chemicals released by tires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tallec
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Marta Gabriele
- Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - Arnaud Huvet
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
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Guitard J, Chrétien E, Bonville JD, Roche DG, Boisclair D, Binning SA. Increased parasite load is associated with reduced metabolic rates and escape responsiveness in pumpkinseed sunfish. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:276167. [PMID: 35818812 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wild animals have parasites that can compromise their physiological and/or behavioural performance. Yet, the extent to which parasite load is related to intraspecific variation in performance traits within wild populations remains relatively unexplored. We used pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus) and their endoparasites as a model system to explore the effects of infection load on host aerobic metabolism and escape performance. Metabolic traits (standard and maximum metabolic rates, aerobic scope) and fast-start escape responses following a simulated aerial attack by a predator (responsiveness, response latency, and escape distance) were measured in fish from across a gradient of visible (i.e. trematodes causing black spot disease counted on fish surfaces) and non-visible (i.e. cestodes in fish abdominal cavity counted post-mortem) endoparasite infection. We found that a higher infection load of non-visible endoparasites was related to lower standard and maximum metabolic rates, but not aerobic scope in fish. Non-visible endoparasite infection load was also related to decreased responsiveness of the host to a simulated aerial attack. Visible endoparasites were not related to changes in metabolic traits nor fast-start escape responses. Our results suggest that infection with parasites that are inconspicuous to researchers can result in intraspecific variation in physiological and behavioral performance in wild populations, highlighting the need to more explicitly acknowledge and account for the role played by natural infections in studies of wild animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Guitard
- Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie et en environnement aquatique (GRIL), Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 1375 Av. Thérèse- Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada.,Institut des sciences de la mer (ISMER), Université de Québec à Rimouski, 310 avenue des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 2Z9, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Chrétien
- Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie et en environnement aquatique (GRIL), Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 1375 Av. Thérèse- Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada.,Centre eau, terre et environnement, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Québec, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Jérémy De Bonville
- Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie et en environnement aquatique (GRIL), Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 1375 Av. Thérèse- Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Dominique G Roche
- Institut de biologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Boisclair
- Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie et en environnement aquatique (GRIL), Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 1375 Av. Thérèse- Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Sandra A Binning
- Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie et en environnement aquatique (GRIL), Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 1375 Av. Thérèse- Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada
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39
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Vlaminck E, Moens T, Vanaverbeke J, Van Colen C. Physiological response to seawater pH of the bivalve Abra alba, a benthic ecosystem engineer, is modulated by low pH. Mar Environ Res 2022; 179:105704. [PMID: 35850076 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence and behaviour of bivalves can affect the functioning of seafloor sediments through the irrigation of deeper strata by feeding and respiring through siphonal channels. Here, we investigated the physiological response and consecutive impact on functioning and body condition of the white furrow shell Abra alba in three pH treatments (pH = 8.2, pH = 7.9 and pH = 7.7). Although no pH effect on survival was found, lowered respiration and calcification rates, decreased energy intake (lower absorption rate) and increased metabolic losses (increased excretion rates) occurred at pH ∼ 7.7. These physiological responses resulted in a negative Scope for Growth and a decreased condition index at this pH. This suggests that the physiological changes may not be sufficient to sustain survival in the long term, which would undoubtedly translate into consequences for ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Vlaminck
- Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Lab, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Tom Moens
- Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Lab, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jan Vanaverbeke
- Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Lab, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and Management, Vautierstraat 29, Brussels, 1000, Belgium
| | - Carl Van Colen
- Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Lab, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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40
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Blake RE, Olin JA. Responses to simultaneous anthropogenic and biological stressors were mixed in an experimental saltmarsh ecosystem. Mar Environ Res 2022; 179:105644. [PMID: 35696877 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are essential for absorbing and bouncing back from the impacts of climate change, yet accelerating climate change is causing anthropogenically-derived stressors in these ecosystems to grow. The effects of stressors are more difficult to foresee when they act simultaneously, however, predicting these effects is critical for understanding ecological change. Spartina alterniflora (Spartina), a foundational saltmarsh plant key to coastal resilience, is subject to biological stress such as herbivory, as well as anthropogenic stress such as chemical pollution. Using saltmarsh mesocosms as a model system in a fully factorial experiment, we tested whether the effects of herbivory and two chemicals (oil and dispersant) were mediated or magnified in combination. Spartina responded to stressors asynchronously; ecophysiology responded negatively to oil and herbivores in the first 2-3 weeks of the experiment, whereas biomass responded negatively to oil and herbivores cumulatively throughout the experiment. We generally found mixed multi-stressor effects, with slightly more antagonistic effects compared to either synergistic or additive effects, despite significant reductions in Spartina biomass and growth from both chemical and herbivore treatments. We also observed an indirect positive effect of oil on Spartina, via a direct negative effect on insect herbivores. Our findings suggest that multi-stressor effects in our model system, 1) are mixed but can be antagonistic more often than expected, a finding contrary to previous assumptions of primarily synergistic effects, 2) can vary in duration, 3) can be difficult to discern a priori, and 4) can lead to ecological surprises through indirect effects with implications for coastal resilience. This leads us to conclude that understanding the simultaneous effects of multiple stressors is critical for predicting foundation-species persistence, discerning ecosystem resilience, and managing and mitigating impacts on ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Blake
- Department of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; DataKind, 419 McDonald Ave Unit 180184, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Jill A Olin
- Department of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
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41
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Shipley ON, Olin JA, Whiteman JP, Bethea DM, Newsome SD. Bulk and amino acid nitrogen isotopes suggest shifting nitrogen balance of pregnant sharks across gestation. Oecologia 2022; 199:313-328. [PMID: 35718810 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen isotope (δ15N) analysis of bulk tissues and individual amino acids (AA) can be used to assess how consumers maintain nitrogen balance with broad implications for predicting individual fitness. For elasmobranchs, a ureotelic taxa thought to be constantly nitrogen limited, the isotopic effects associated with nitrogen-demanding events such as prolonged gestation remain unknown. Given the linkages between nitrogen isotope variation and consumer nitrogen balance, we used AA δ15N analysis of muscle and liver tissue collected from female bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo, n = 16) and their embryos (n = 14) to explore how nitrogen balance may vary across gestation. Gestational stage was a strong predictor of bulk tissue and AA δ15N values in pregnant shark tissues, decreasing as individuals neared parturition. This trend was observed in trophic (e.g., Glx, Ala, Val), source (e.g., Lys), and physiological (e.g., Gly) AAs. Several potential mechanisms may explain these results including nitrogen conservation, scavenging, and bacterially mediated breakdown of urea to free ammonia that is used to synthesize AAs. We observed contrasting patterns of isotopic discrimination in embryo tissues, which generally became enriched in 15N throughout development. This was attributed to greater excretion of nitrogenous waste in more developed embryos, and the role of physiologically sensitive AAs (i.e., Gly and Ser) to molecular processes such as nucleotide synthesis. These findings underscore how AA isotopes can quantify shifts in nitrogen balance, providing unequivocal evidence for the role of physiological condition in driving δ15N variation in both bulk tissues and individual AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver N Shipley
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Beneath the Waves, PO Box 126, Herndon, VA, 20172, USA.
| | - Jill A Olin
- Biological Sciences, Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - John P Whiteman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Dana M Bethea
- NOAA Fisheries Southeast Regional Office, Saint Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Seth D Newsome
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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42
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Mauro AA, Shah AA, Martin PR, Ghalambor CK. An Integrative Perspective on the Mechanistic Basis of Context Dependent Species Interactions. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:164-178. [PMID: 35612972 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that the outcome of species interactions depends on the environmental context in which they occur. Climate change research has sparked a renewed interest in context dependent species interactions because rapidly changing abiotic environments will cause species interactions to occur in novel contexts and researchers must incorporate this in their predictions of species' responses to climate change. Here we argue that predicting how the environment will alter the outcome of species interactions requires an integrative biology approach that focuses on the traits, mechanisms, and processes that bridge disciplines such as physiology, biomechanics, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Specifically, we advocate for quantifying how species differ in their tolerance and performance to both environmental challenges independent of species interactions, and in interactions with other species as a function of the environment. Such an approach increases our understanding of the mechanisms underlying outcomes of species interactions across different environmental contexts. This understanding will in turn help determine how the outcome of species interactions affects the relative abundance and distribution of the interacting species in nature. A general theme that emerges from this perspective is that species are unable to maintain high levels of performance across different environmental contexts because of trade-offs between physiological tolerance to environmental challenges and performance in species interactions. Thus, an integrative biology paradigm that focuses on the trade-offs across environments, the physiological mechanisms involved, and how the ecological context impacts the outcome of species interactions provides a stronger framework to understand why species interactions are context dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Mauro
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Alisha A Shah
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA
| | - Paul R Martin
- Department of Biology, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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43
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Luck K, Ackerman JD. Threats to freshwater mussels: The interactions of water temperature, velocity and total suspended solids on ecophysiology and growth. Sci Total Environ 2022; 821:153101. [PMID: 35038501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater unionid mussels are ecosystem engineers that are highly endangered in part because of land-use changes that have altered their habitat and negatively impacted their ecophysiology. The environmental factors that affect mussels do not act alone and may be better understood using a multiple-stressor approach. We examine how changes in water temperature, turbidity (total suspended solids; TSS) and water velocity affected the clearance rates (CR), oxygen consumption rates (OC), and resultant scope for growth (SFG) of Lampsilis siliquoidea in laboratory flow chamber experiments. The CR, OC and SFG of L. siliquoidea increased with acclimation temperature and velocity, and decreased with TSS concentration and acute temperature exposure, although these responses were more complicated when factors were combined. The primary factor affecting CR and OC varied with acclimation temperature, with warmer temperature and high TSS leading to strong declines in clearance rates. A worst-case scenario would involve a summer season where temperatures and TSS loads are above-average, and water velocities are either below- or above- average, which are likely under increased frequencies of storm, flood, or drought events due to climate change. Conservation measures should focus on protecting aquatic systems during these times and also use a multistressor approach to determine how environmental factors interact in efforts to protect and recover freshwater mussel populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Luck
- Physical Ecology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Josef D Ackerman
- Physical Ecology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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44
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Quintanilla-Ahumada D, Quijón PA, Manríquez PH, Pulgar J, García-Huidobro MR, Miranda C, Molina A, Zuloaga R, Duarte C. Artificial light at night (ALAN) causes variable dose-responses in a sandy beach isopod. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:35977-35985. [PMID: 35060027 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) is expanding worldwide, and the study of its influence remains limited mainly to documenting impacts, overlooking the variation in key characteristics of the artificial light such as its intensity. The potential dose-response of fitness-related traits to different light intensities has not been assessed in sandy beach organisms. Hence, this study explored dose-responses to ALAN by exposing the intertidal sandy beach isopod Tylos spinulosus to a range of light intensities at night: 0 (control), 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 lx. We quantified the response of this species at the molecular (RNA:DNA ratios), physiological (absorption efficiency) and organismal (growth rate) levels. Linear and non-linear regressions were used to explore the relationship between light intensity and the isopod response. The regressions showed that increasing light intensity caused an overall ~ threefold decline in RNA:DNA ratios and a ~ threefold increase in absorption efficiency, with strong dose-dependent effects. For both response variables, non-linear regressions also identified likely thresholds at 80 lx (RNA:DNA) and 40 lx (absorption efficiency). By contrast, isopod growth rates were unrelated (unaltered) by the increase in light intensity at night. We suggest that ALAN is detrimental for the condition of the isopods, likely by reducing the activity and feeding of these nocturnal organisms, and that the isopods compensate this by absorbing nutrients more efficiently in order to maintain growth levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro A Quijón
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Patricio H Manríquez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de La Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - José Pulgar
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel R García-Huidobro
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Miranda
- Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Zuloaga
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
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Voet HEE, Van Colen C, Vanaverbeke J. Climate change effects on the ecophysiology and ecological functioning of an offshore wind farm artificial hard substrate community. Sci Total Environ 2022; 810:152194. [PMID: 34890680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the effort towards a decarbonised future, the local effects of a proliferating offshore wind farm (OWF) industry add to and interact with the global effects of marine climate change. This study aimed to quantify potential ecophysiological effects of ocean warming and acidification and to estimate and compare the cumulative clearance potential of suspended food items by OWF epifauna under current and future climate conditions. To this end, this study combined ecophysiological responses to ocean warming and acidification of three dominant colonising species on OWF artificial hard substrates (the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, the tube-building amphipod Jassa herdmani and the plumose anemone Metridium senile). In general, mortality, respiration rate and clearance rate increased during 3- to 6-week experimental exposures across all three species, except for M. senile, who exhibited a lower clearance rate in the warmed treatments (+3 °C) and an insensitivity to lowered pH (-0.3 pH units) in terms of survival and respiration rate. Ocean warming and acidification affected growth antagonistically, with elevated temperature being beneficial for M. edulis and lowered pH being beneficial for M. senile. The seawater volume potentially cleared from suspended food particles by this AHS colonising community increased significantly, extending the affected distance around an OWF foundation by 9.2% in a future climate scenario. By using an experimental multi-stressor approach, this study thus demonstrates how ecophysiology underpins functional responses to climate change in these environments, highlighting for the first time the integrated, cascading potential effects of OWFs and climate change on the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E E Voet
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and Management, Vautierstraat 29, Brussels 1000, Belgium; Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - C Van Colen
- Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - J Vanaverbeke
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and Management, Vautierstraat 29, Brussels 1000, Belgium; Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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46
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Cocozza C, Penna D. Towards a more active dialogue between hydrologists and ecophysiologists for interdisciplinary studies in forest ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2022; 807:150877. [PMID: 34627886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the internal functioning of natural systems often requires interdisciplinary approaches and competences that allow encompassing and disentangling different and strictly intertwined physical and biological processes. Hydrology and ecophysiology are examples of complementary and highly interconnected disciplines that share water as a common analysis element when investigating the functioning of vegetated ecosystems. In this discussion paper, we call for more frequent and active dialogue and collaboration between (field) hydrologists and ecophysiologists to study natural processes at the boundary between the two disciplines. We report some examples of the specific approaches of hydrologists and ecophysiologists to analyse water movement in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum at increasing spatial scales, highlighting how the same mechanisms can be seen from different, but largely complementary, points of view. We argue that these different perspectives can and should be merged in order to overcome possibly fragmented vision of complex processes and provide a more holistic comprehension of ecohydrological mechanisms in forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cocozza
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Penna
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Florence, Italy.
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47
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Ávila-Lovera E, Goldsmith GR, Kay KM, Funk JL. Above- and below-ground functional trait coordination in the Neotropical understory genus Costus. AoB Plants 2022; 14:plab073. [PMID: 35035869 PMCID: PMC8757582 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study of plant functional traits and variation among and within species can help illuminate functional coordination and trade-offs in key processes that allow plants to grow, reproduce and survive. We studied 20 leaf, above-ground stem, below-ground stem and fine-root traits of 17 Costus species from forests in Costa Rica and Panama to answer the following questions: (i) Do congeneric species show above-ground and below-ground trait coordination and trade-offs consistent with theory of resource acquisition and conservation? (ii) Is there correlated evolution among traits? (iii) Given the diversity of habitats over which Costus occurs, what is the relative contribution of site and species to trait variation? We performed a principal components analysis (PCA) to assess for the existence of a spectrum of trait variation and found that the first two PCs accounted for 21.4 % and 17.8 % of the total trait variation, respectively, with the first axis of variation being consistent with a continuum of resource-acquisitive and resource-conservative traits in water acquisition and use, and the second axis of variation being related to the leaf economics spectrum. Stomatal conductance was negatively related to both above-ground stem and rhizome specific density, and these relationships became stronger after accounting for evolutionary relatedness, indicating correlated evolution. Despite elevation and climatic differences among sites, high trait variation was ascribed to individuals rather than to sites. We conclude that Costus species present trait coordination and trade-offs that allow species to be categorized as having a resource-acquisitive or resource-conservative functional strategy, consistent with a whole-plant functional strategy with evident coordination and trade-offs between above-ground and below-ground function. Our results also show that herbaceous species and species with rhizomes tend to agree with trade-offs found in more species-rich comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleinis Ávila-Lovera
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Gregory R Goldsmith
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Kathleen M Kay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Jennifer L Funk
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
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48
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Foley M, Askin N, Belanger MP, Wittnich C. Anadromous fish as biomarkers for the combined impact of marine and freshwater heavy metal pollution. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 230:113153. [PMID: 34995908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rivers along the eastern seaboard of the United States and Canada are becoming increasingly contaminated with heavy metals. This includes the Tusket River (Nova Scotia, Canada) which empties into the Gulf of Maine, near the Bay of Fundy. Whether anadromous fish such as alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), exposed both to marine and freshwater contaminants, are accumulating these heavy metals and experiencing any changes in their morphology was explored in this study. Adult (4-6 years of age) Tusket River alewife (n = 38) were harvested and had external examinations including morphometrics (fork length, weight). Biopsies were taken and structural abnormalities noted. Morphometric data was compared to historical alewife reference data from 1985. Biopsies of muscle, liver and kidney had heavy metal profiles assessed. Major findings of this study include detectable levels (µg/g wet weight) of a number of heavy metals and concerning maximum concentrations achieved of arsenic (liver: 14 µg/g), cadmium (kidney: 2.6 µg/g), mercury (liver: 0.26 µg/g), magnesium (muscle: 460 µg/g), selenium (kidney: 4.0 µg/g) and zinc (liver: 38.0 µg/g). As well, reduced body weight for length and in 87% of fish, presence of spine curvatures (3-24°) not visible externally were noted. This study is the first detailed report in alewife of key tissue heavy metals, some at levels of concern, reductions in weight for length and spine abnormalities. These findings validate concerns regarding potential impacts of deteriorating conditions of rivers and their surrounding waters such as the Gulf of Maine on anadromous fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Foley
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Rm 3259, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - N Askin
- Oceanographic Environmental Research Society, 12 Burton Avenue, Barrie, Ontario, Canada L4N 2R2
| | - M P Belanger
- Oceanographic Environmental Research Society, 12 Burton Avenue, Barrie, Ontario, Canada L4N 2R2
| | - C Wittnich
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Rm 3259, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8; Oceanographic Environmental Research Society, 12 Burton Avenue, Barrie, Ontario, Canada L4N 2R2.
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Bachle S, Nippert JB. Climate variability supersedes grazing to determine the anatomy and physiology of a dominant grassland species. Oecologia 2022. [PMID: 35018484 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Grassland ecosystems are historically shaped by climate, fire, and grazing which are essential ecological drivers. These grassland drivers influence morphology and productivity of grasses via physiological processes, resulting in unique water and carbon-use strategies among species and populations. Leaf-level physiological responses in plants are constrained by the underlying anatomy, previously shown to reflect patterns of carbon assimilation and water-use in leaf tissues. However, the magnitude to which anatomy and physiology are impacted by grassland drivers remains unstudied. To address this knowledge gap, we sampled from three locations along a latitudinal gradient in the mesic grassland region of the central Great Plains, USA during the 2018 (drier) and 2019 (wetter) growing seasons. We measured annual biomass and forage quality at the plot level, while collecting physiological and anatomical traits at the leaf-level in cattle grazed and ungrazed locations at each site. Effects of ambient drought conditions superseded local grazing treatments and reduced carbon assimilation and total productivity in A. gerardii. Leaf-level anatomical traits, particularly those associated with water-use, varied within and across locations and between years. Specifically, xylem area increased when water was more available (2019), while xylem resistance to cavitation was observed to increase in the drier growing season (2018). Our results highlight the importance of multi-year studies in natural systems and how trait plasticity can serve as vital tool and offer insight to understanding future grassland responses from climate change as climate played a stronger role than grazing in shaping leaf physiology and anatomy.
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Gao S, Pinnola A, Zhou L, Zheng Z, Li Z, Bassi R, Wang G. Light-harvesting complex stress-related proteins play crucial roles in the acclimation of Physcomitrella patens under fluctuating light conditions. Photosynth Res 2022; 151:1-10. [PMID: 34468919 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have evolved photoprotective mechanisms to acclimate to light intensity fluctuations in their natural growth environments. Photosystem (PS) II subunit S (PsbS) and light-harvesting complex (LHC) stress-related proteins (LhcSR) are essential for triggering photoprotection in vascular plants and green algae, respectively. The activity of both proteins is strongly enhanced in the moss Physcomitrella patens under high-light conditions. However, their role in regulating photosynthesis acclimation in P. patens under fluctuating light (FL) conditions is still unknown. Here, we compare the responses of wild-type (WT) P. patens and mutants lacking PsbS (psbs KO) or LhcSR1 and 2 (lhcsr KO) to FL conditions in which the low-light phases were periodically interrupted with high-light pulses. lhcsr KO mutant showed a strong reduction in growth with respect to WT and psbs KO under FL conditions. The lack of LhcSR not only decreased the level of non-photochemical quenching, resulting in an over-reduced plastoquinone pool, but also significantly increased the PSI acceptor limitation values with respect to WT and psbs KO under FL conditions. Moreover, in lhcsr KO mutant, the abundance of PSI core and PSI-LHCI complex decreased greatly under FL conditions compared with the WT and psbs KO. We proposed that LhcSR in P. patens play a crucial role in moss acclimation to dynamic light changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Alberta Pinnola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani'(DBB), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lu Zhou
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenbing Zheng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuangyue Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guangce Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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