1
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Clancey E, MacPherson A, Cheek RG, Mouton JC, Sillett TS, Ghalambor CK, Funk WC, Hohenlohe PA. Unraveling Adaptive Evolutionary Divergence at Microgeographic Scales. Am Nat 2024; 203:E35-E49. [PMID: 38306284 DOI: 10.1086/727723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
AbstractStriking examples of local adaptation at fine geographic scales are increasingly being documented in natural populations. However, the relative contributions made by natural selection, phenotype-dependent dispersal (when individuals disperse with respect to a habitat preference), and mate preference in generating and maintaining microgeographic adaptation and divergence are not well studied. Here, we develop quantitative genetics models and individual-based simulations (IBSs) to uncover the evolutionary forces that possibly drive microgeographic divergence. We also perform Bayesian estimation of the parameters in our IBS using empirical data on habitat-specific variation in bill morphology in the island scrub-jay (Aphelocoma insularis) to apply our models to a natural system. We find that natural selection and phenotype-dependent dispersal can generate the patterns of divergence we observe in the island scrub-jay. However, mate preference for a mate with similar bill morphology, even though observed in the species, does not play a significant role in driving divergence. Our modeling approach provides insights into phenotypic evolution occurring over small spatial scales relative to dispersal ranges, suggesting that adaptive divergence at microgeographic scales may be common across a wider range of taxa than previously thought. Our quantitative genetic models help to inform future theoretical and empirical work to determine how selection, habitat preference, and mate preference contribute to local adaptation and microgeographic divergence.
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2
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Cheek RG, McLaughlin JF, Gamboa MP, Marshall CA, Johnson BM, Silver DB, Mauro AA, Ghalambor CK. A lack of genetic diversity and minimal adaptive evolutionary divergence in introduced Mysis shrimp after 50 years. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13637. [PMID: 38283609 PMCID: PMC10818135 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The successes of introduced populations in novel habitats often provide powerful examples of evolution and adaptation. In the 1950s, opossum shrimp (Mysis diluviana) individuals from Clearwater Lake in Minnesota, USA were transported and introduced to Twin Lakes in Colorado, USA by fisheries managers to supplement food sources for trout. Mysis were subsequently introduced from Twin Lakes into numerous lakes throughout Colorado. Because managers kept detailed records of the timing of the introductions, we had the opportunity to test for evolutionary divergence within a known time interval. Here, we used reduced representation genomic data to investigate patterns of genetic diversity, test for genetic divergence between populations, and for evidence of adaptive evolution within the introduced populations in Colorado. We found very low levels of genetic diversity across all populations, with evidence for some genetic divergence between the Minnesota source population and the introduced populations in Colorado. There was little differentiation among the Colorado populations, consistent with the known provenance of a single founding population, with the exception of the population from Gross Reservoir, Colorado. Demographic modeling suggests that at least one undocumented introduction from an unknown source population hybridized with the population in Gross Reservoir. Despite the overall low genetic diversity we observed, F ST outlier and environmental association analyses identified multiple loci exhibiting signatures of selection and adaptive variation related to elevation and lake depth. The success of introduced species is thought to be limited by genetic variation, but our results imply that populations with limited genetic variation can become established in a wide range of novel environments. From an applied perspective, the observed patterns of divergence between populations suggest that genetic analysis can be a useful forensic tool to determine likely sources of invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G. Cheek
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Jessica F. McLaughlin
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maybellene P. Gamboa
- Department of Organismal Biology and EcologyColorado CollegeColorado SpringsColoradoUSA
| | - Craig A. Marshall
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Council on Science and TechnologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | - Brett M. Johnson
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Douglas B. Silver
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Alexander A. Mauro
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD)Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD)Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
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3
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Dantzer B, Mabry KE, Bernhardt JR, Cox RM, Francis CD, Ghalambor CK, Hoke KL, Jha S, Ketterson E, Levis NA, McCain KM, Patricelli GL, Paull SH, Pinter-Wollman N, Safran RJ, Schwartz TS, Throop HL, Zaman L, Martin LB. Understanding Organisms Using Ecological Observatory Networks. Integr Org Biol 2023; 5:obad036. [PMID: 37867910 PMCID: PMC10586040 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activities are rapidly changing ecosystems around the world. These changes have widespread implications for the preservation of biodiversity, agricultural productivity, prevalence of zoonotic diseases, and sociopolitical conflict. To understand and improve the predictive capacity for these and other biological phenomena, some scientists are now relying on observatory networks, which are often composed of systems of sensors, teams of field researchers, and databases of abiotic and biotic measurements across multiple temporal and spatial scales. One well-known example is NEON, the US-based National Ecological Observatory Network. Although NEON and similar networks have informed studies of population, community, and ecosystem ecology for years, they have been minimally used by organismal biologists. NEON provides organismal biologists, in particular those interested in NEON's focal taxa, with an unprecedented opportunity to study phenomena such as range expansions, disease epidemics, invasive species colonization, macrophysiology, and other biological processes that fundamentally involve organismal variation. Here, we use NEON as an exemplar of the promise of observatory networks for understanding the causes and consequences of morphological, behavioral, molecular, and physiological variation among individual organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dantzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,USA
| | - K E Mabry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,USA
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003,USA
| | - J R Bernhardt
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003,USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R M Cox
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22940,USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407,USA
| | - C D Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407,USA
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N‐7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - C K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N‐7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - K L Hoke
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - S Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712,USA
| | - E Ketterson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405,USA
| | - N A Levis
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 E. Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405,USA
| | - K M McCain
- Global Health and Infectious Disease Research Center, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612,USA
| | - G L Patricelli
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616,USA
| | - S H Paull
- Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network, 1685 38th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - N Pinter-Wollman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - R J Safran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309,USA
| | - T S Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - H L Throop
- School of Earth and Space Exploration and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - L Zaman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,USA
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - L B Martin
- Global Health and Infectious Disease Research Center and Center for Genomics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612,USA
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4
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Riddell EA, Mutanen M, Ghalambor CK. Hydric effects on thermal tolerances influence climate vulnerability in a high-latitude beetle. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:5184-5198. [PMID: 37376709 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Species' thermal tolerances are used to estimate climate vulnerability, but few studies consider the role of the hydric environment in shaping thermal tolerances. As environments become hotter and drier, organisms often respond by limiting water loss to lower the risk of desiccation; however, reducing water loss may produce trade-offs that lower thermal tolerances if respiration becomes inhibited. Here, we measured the sensitivity of water loss rate and critical thermal maximum (CTmax ) to precipitation in nature and laboratory experiments that exposed click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) to acute- and long-term humidity treatments. We also took advantage of their unique clicking behavior to characterize subcritical thermal tolerances. We found higher water loss rates in the dry acclimation treatment compared to the humid, and water loss rates were 3.2-fold higher for individuals that had experienced a recent precipitation event compared to individuals that had not. Acute humidity treatments did not affect CTmax , but precipitation indirectly affected CTmax through its effect on water loss rates. Contrary to our prediction, we found that CTmax was negatively associated with water loss rate, such that individuals with high water loss rate exhibited a lower CTmax . We then incorporated the observed variation of CTmax into a mechanistic niche model that coupled leaf and click beetle temperatures to predict climate vulnerability. The simulations indicated that indices of climate vulnerability can be sensitive to the effects of water loss physiology on thermal tolerances; moreover, exposure to temperatures above subcritical thermal thresholds is expected to increase by as much as 3.3-fold under future warming scenarios. The correlation between water loss rate and CTmax identifies the need to study thermal tolerances from a "whole-organism" perspective that considers relationships between physiological traits, and the population-level variation in CTmax driven by water loss rate complicates using this metric as a straightforward proxy of climate vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Riddell
- Department of Ecology, Evolutionary, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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5
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Martin PR, Ghalambor CK. A Case for the "Competitive Exclusion-Tolerance Rule" as a General Cause of Species Turnover along Environmental Gradients. Am Nat 2023; 202:1-17. [PMID: 37384767 DOI: 10.1086/724683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
AbstractClosely related, ecologically similar species often segregate their distributions along environmental gradients of time, space, and resources, but previous research suggests diverse underlying causes. Here, we review reciprocal removal studies in nature that experimentally test the role of interactions among species in determining their turnover along environmental gradients. We find consistent evidence for asymmetric exclusion coupled with differences in environmental tolerance causing the segregation of species pairs, where a dominant species excludes a subordinate from benign regions of the gradient but is unable to tolerate challenging regions to which the subordinate species is adapted. Subordinate species were consistently smaller and performed better in regions of the gradient typically occupied by the dominant species compared with their native distribution. These results extend previous ideas contrasting competitive ability with adaptation to abiotic stress to include a broader diversity of species interactions (intraguild predation, reproductive interference) and environmental gradients, including gradients of biotic challenge. Collectively, these findings suggest that adaptation to environmental challenge compromises performance in antagonistic interactions with ecologically similar species. The consistency of this pattern across diverse organisms, environments, and biomes suggests generalizable processes structuring the segregation of ecologically similar species along disparate environmental gradients, a phenomenon that we propose should be named the competitive exclusion-tolerance rule.
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6
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Cicchino AS, Ghalambor CK, Funk WC. Linking critical thermal maximum to mortality from thermal stress in a cold-water frog. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20230106. [PMID: 37311548 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimates of organismal thermal tolerance are frequently used to assess physiological risk from warming, yet the assumption that these estimates are predictive of mortality has been called into question. We tested this assumption in the cold-water-specialist frog, Ascaphus montanus. For seven populations, we used dynamic experimental assays to measure tadpole critical thermal maximum (CTmax) and measured mortality from chronic thermal stress for 3 days at different temperatures. We tested the relationship between previously estimated population CTmax and observed mortality, as well as the strength of CTmax as a predictor of mortality compared to local stream temperatures capturing varying timescales. Populations with higher CTmax experienced significantly less mortality in the warmest temperature treatment (25°C). We also found that population CTmax outperformed stream temperature metrics as the top predictor of observed mortality. These results demonstrate a clear link between CTmax and mortality from thermal stress, contributing evidence that CTmax is a relevant metric for physiological vulnerability assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Cicchino
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - W Chris Funk
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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7
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Kefford BJ, Ghalambor CK, Dewenter B, Poff NL, Hughes J, Reich J, Thompson R. Acute, diel, and annual temperature variability and the thermal biology of ectotherms. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:6872-6888. [PMID: 36177681 PMCID: PMC9828456 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is increasing mean temperatures and altering temperature variability at multiple temporal scales. To better understand the consequences of changes in thermal variability for ectotherms it is necessary to consider thermal variation at different time scales (i.e., acute, diel, and annual) and the responses of organisms within and across generations. Thermodynamics constrain acute responses to temperature, but within these constraints and over longer time periods, organisms have the scope to adaptively acclimate or evolve. Yet, hypotheses and predictions about responses to future warming tend not to explicitly consider the temporal scale at which temperature varies. Here, focusing on multicellular ectothermic animals, we argue that consideration of multiple processes and constraints associated with various timescales is necessary to better understand how altered thermal variability because of climate change will affect ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Kefford
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD)Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | - Beatrice Dewenter
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - N. LeRoy Poff
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Jane Hughes
- Australian Rivers InstituteGriffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jollene Reich
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Ross Thompson
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
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8
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Hays SC, Cheek RG, Mouton JC, Sillett TS, Ghalambor CK. Lack of avian predators is associated with behavioural plasticity in nest construction and height in an island songbird. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Mauro AA, Shah AA, Martin PR, Ghalambor CK. An Integrative Perspective on the Mechanistic Basis of Context Dependent Species Interactions. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:164-178. [PMID: 35612972 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that the outcome of species interactions depends on the environmental context in which they occur. Climate change research has sparked a renewed interest in context dependent species interactions because rapidly changing abiotic environments will cause species interactions to occur in novel contexts and researchers must incorporate this in their predictions of species' responses to climate change. Here we argue that predicting how the environment will alter the outcome of species interactions requires an integrative biology approach that focuses on the traits, mechanisms, and processes that bridge disciplines such as physiology, biomechanics, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Specifically, we advocate for quantifying how species differ in their tolerance and performance to both environmental challenges independent of species interactions, and in interactions with other species as a function of the environment. Such an approach increases our understanding of the mechanisms underlying outcomes of species interactions across different environmental contexts. This understanding will in turn help determine how the outcome of species interactions affects the relative abundance and distribution of the interacting species in nature. A general theme that emerges from this perspective is that species are unable to maintain high levels of performance across different environmental contexts because of trade-offs between physiological tolerance to environmental challenges and performance in species interactions. Thus, an integrative biology paradigm that focuses on the trade-offs across environments, the physiological mechanisms involved, and how the ecological context impacts the outcome of species interactions provides a stronger framework to understand why species interactions are context dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Mauro
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Alisha A Shah
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA
| | - Paul R Martin
- Department of Biology, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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10
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Cheek RG, Forester BR, Salerno PE, Trumbo DR, Chen N, Sillett TS, Morrison SA, Ghalambor CK, Funk WC. Habitat-linked genetic variation supports microgeographic adaptive divergence in an island-endemic bird species. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2830-2846. [PMID: 35315161 PMCID: PMC9325526 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the potential mechanisms driving habitat-linked genetic divergence within a bird species endemic to a single 250 km2 island. The island scrub-jay (Aphelocoma insularis) exhibits microgeographic divergence in bill morphology across pine-oak ecotones on Santa Cruz Island, California (USA) similar to adaptive differences described in mainland congeners over much larger geographic scales. To test whether individuals exhibit genetic differentiation related to habitat type and divergence in bill length, we genotyped over 3,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 123 adult island scrub-jay males from across Santa Cruz Island using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). Neutral landscape genomic analyses revealed that genome-wide genetic differentiation was primarily related to geographic distance and differences in habitat composition. We also found 168 putatively adaptive loci associated with habitat type using multivariate redundancy analysis (RDA) while controlling for spatial effects. Finally, two genome-wide association analyses revealed a polygenic basis to variation in bill length with multiple loci detected in or near genes known to affect bill morphology in other birds. Our findings support the hypothesis that divergent selection at microgeographic scales can cause adaptive divergence in the presence of ongoing gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Cheek
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Brenna R Forester
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Patricia E Salerno
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.,Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daryl R Trumbo
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Nancy Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - T Scott Sillett
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | | | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.,Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - W Chris Funk
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
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11
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Gamboa MP, Ghalambor CK, Scott Sillett T, Morrison SA, Chris Funk W. Adaptive divergence in bill morphology and other thermoregulatory traits is facilitated by restricted gene flow in song sparrows on the California Channel Islands. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:603-619. [PMID: 34704295 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disentangling the effects of neutral and adaptive processes in maintaining phenotypic variation across environmental gradients is challenging in natural populations. Song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) on the California Channel Islands occupy a pronounced east-west climate gradient within a small spatial scale, providing a unique opportunity to examine the interaction of genetic isolation (reduced gene flow) and the environment (selection) in driving variation. We used reduced representation genomic libraries to infer the role of neutral processes (drift and restricted gene flow) and divergent selection in driving variation in thermoregulatory traits with an emphasis on the mechanisms that maintain bill divergence among islands. Analyses of 22,029 neutral SNPs confirm distinct population structure by island with restricted gene flow and relatively large effective population sizes, suggesting bill differences are probably not a product of genetic drift. Instead, we found strong support for local adaptation using 3294 SNPs in differentiation-based and environmental association analyses coupled with genome-wide association tests. Specifically, we identified several putatively adaptive and candidate loci in or near genes involved in bill development pathways (e.g., BMP, CaM, Wnt), confirming the highly complex and polygenic architecture underlying bill morphology. Furthermore, we found divergence in genes associated with other thermoregulatory traits (i.e., feather structure, plumage colour, and physiology). Collectively, these results suggest strong divergent selection across an island archipelago results in genomic changes in a suite of traits associated with climate adaptation over small spatial scales. Future research should move beyond studying univariate traits to better understand multidimensional responses to complex environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maybellene P Gamboa
- Department of Organismal Biology and Ecology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - T Scott Sillett
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | | | - W Chris Funk
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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12
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Mauro AA, Torres-Dowdall J, Marshall CA, Ghalambor CK. A genetically based ecological trade-off contributes to setting a geographic range limit. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2739-2749. [PMID: 34636129 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the ecological factors that shape geographic range limits and the evolutionary constraints that prevent populations from adaptively evolving beyond these limits is an unresolved question. Here, we investigated why the euryhaline fish, Poecila reticulata, is confined to freshwater within its native range, despite being tolerant of brackish water. We hypothesised that competitive interactions with a close relative, Poecilia picta, in brackish water prevents P. reticulata from colonising brackish water. Using a combination of field transplant, common garden breeding, and laboratory behaviour experiments, we find support for this hypothesis, as P. reticulata are behaviourally subordinate and have lower survival in brackish water with P. picta. We also found a negative genetic correlation between P. reticulata growth in brackish water versus freshwater in the presence of P. picta, suggesting a genetically based trade-off between salinity tolerance and competitive ability could constrain adaptive evolution at the range limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Mauro
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Craig A Marshall
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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13
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Abstract
Rapid species turnover in tropical mountains has fascinated biologists for centuries. A popular explanation for this heightened beta diversity is that climatic stability at low latitudes promotes the evolution of narrow thermal tolerance ranges, leading to local adaptation, evolutionary divergence and parapatric speciation along elevational gradients. However, an emerging consensus from research spanning phylogenetics, biogeography and behavioural ecology is that this process rarely, if ever, occurs. Instead, closely related species typically occupy a similar elevational niche, while species with divergent elevational niches tend to be more distantly related. These results suggest populations have responded to past environmental change not by adapting and diverging in place, but instead by shifting their distributions to tightly track climate over time. We argue that tropical species are likely to respond similarly to ongoing and future climate warming, an inference supported by evidence from recent range shifts. In the absence of widespread in situ adaptation to new climate regimes by tropical taxa, conservation planning should prioritize protecting large swaths of habitat to facilitate movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan B Linck
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Benjamin G Freeman
- Beatty Biodiversity Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Daniel Cadena
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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14
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Martin LB, Hanson HE, Hauber ME, Ghalambor CK. Genes, Environments, and Phenotypic Plasticity in Immunology. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:198-208. [PMID: 33518415 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For most of its history, immunology has sought to control environmental variation to establish genetic causality. As with all biological traits though, variation among individuals arises by three broad pathways: genetic (G), environmental (E), and the interactive between the two (GxE); and immunity is no different. Here, we review the value of applying the evolutionary frameworks of phenotypic plasticity and reaction norms to immunology. Because standardized laboratory environments are vastly different from the conditions under which populations evolved, we hypothesize that immunology might presently be missing important phenotypic variation and even focusing on dysregulated molecular and cellular processes. Modest adjustments to study designs could make model organism immunology more productive, reproducible, and reflective of human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn B Martin
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Haley E Hanson
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mark E Hauber
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics (CBD), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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15
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Potter T, Bassar RD, Bentzen P, Ruell EW, Torres-Dowdall J, Handelsman CA, Ghalambor CK, Travis J, Reznick DN, Coulson T. Environmental Change, If Unaccounted, Prevents Detection of Cryptic Evolution in a Wild Population. Am Nat 2021; 197:29-46. [PMID: 33417522 DOI: 10.1086/711874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDetecting contemporary evolution requires demonstrating that genetic change has occurred. Mixed effects models allow estimation of quantitative genetic parameters and are widely used to study evolution in wild populations. However, predictions of evolution based on these parameters frequently fail to match observations. Here, we applied three commonly used quantitative genetic approaches to predict the evolution of size at maturity in a wild population of Trinidadian guppies. Crucially, we tested our predictions against evolutionary change observed in common-garden experiments performed on samples from the same population. We show that standard quantitative genetic models underestimated or failed to detect the cryptic evolution of this trait as demonstrated by the common-garden experiments. The models failed because (1) size at maturity and fitness both decreased with increases in population density, (2) offspring experienced higher population densities than their parents, and (3) selection on size was strongest at high densities. When we accounted for environmental change, predictions better matched observations in the common-garden experiments, although substantial uncertainty remained. Our results demonstrate that predictions of evolution are unreliable if environmental change is not appropriately captured in models.
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16
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Shah AA, Woods HA, Havird JC, Encalada AC, Flecker AS, Funk WC, Guayasamin JM, Kondratieff BC, Poff NL, Thomas SA, Zamudio KR, Ghalambor CK. Temperature dependence of metabolic rate in tropical and temperate aquatic insects: Support for the Climate Variability Hypothesis in mayflies but not stoneflies. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:297-311. [PMID: 33064866 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental gap in climate change vulnerability research is an understanding of the relative thermal sensitivity of ectotherms. Aquatic insects are vital to stream ecosystem function and biodiversity but insufficiently studied with respect to their thermal physiology. With global temperatures rising at an unprecedented rate, it is imperative that we know how aquatic insects respond to increasing temperature and whether these responses vary among taxa, latitudes, and elevations. We evaluated the thermal sensitivity of standard metabolic rate in stream-dwelling baetid mayflies and perlid stoneflies across a ~2,000 m elevation gradient in the temperate Rocky Mountains in Colorado, USA, and the tropical Andes in Napo, Ecuador. We used temperature-controlled water baths and microrespirometry to estimate changes in oxygen consumption. Tropical mayflies generally exhibited greater thermal sensitivity in metabolism compared to temperate mayflies; tropical mayfly metabolic rates increased more rapidly with temperature and the insects more frequently exhibited behavioral signs of thermal stress. By contrast, temperate and tropical stoneflies did not clearly differ. Varied responses to temperature among baetid mayflies and perlid stoneflies may reflect differences in evolutionary history or ecological roles as herbivores and predators, respectively. Our results show that there is physiological variation across elevations and species and that low-elevation tropical mayflies may be especially imperiled by climate warming. Given such variation among species, broad generalizations about the vulnerability of tropical ectotherms should be made more cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha A Shah
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - H Arthur Woods
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Justin C Havird
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andrea C Encalada
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto BÍOSFERA-USFQ, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alexander S Flecker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - W Chris Funk
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Juan M Guayasamin
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto BÍOSFERA-USFQ, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Boris C Kondratieff
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - N LeRoy Poff
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Steven A Thomas
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Kelly R Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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17
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Shah AA, Bacmeister EMS, Rubalcaba JG, Ghalambor CK. Divergence and constraint in the thermal sensitivity of aquatic insect swimming performance. Curr Zool 2020; 66:555-564. [PMID: 33293933 PMCID: PMC7705504 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental temperature variation may play a significant role in the adaptive evolutionary divergence of ectotherm thermal performance curves (TPCs). However, divergence in TPCs may also be constrained due to various causes. Here, we measured TPCs for swimming velocity of temperate and tropical mayflies (Family: Baetidae) and their stonefly predators (Family: Perlidae) from different elevations. We predicted that differences in seasonal climatic regimes would drive divergence in TPCs between temperate and tropical species. Stable tropical temperatures should favor the evolution of "specialists" that perform well across a narrow range of temperatures. Seasonally, variable temperatures in temperate zones, however, should favor "generalists" that perform well across a broad range of temperatures. In phylogenetically paired comparisons of mayflies and stoneflies, swimming speed was generally unaffected by experimental temperature and did not differ among populations between latitudes, suggesting a maintenance of performance breadth across elevation and latitude. An exception was found between temperate and tropical mayflies at low elevation where climatic differences between latitudes are large. In addition, TPCs did not differ between mayflies and their stonefly predators, except at tropical low elevation. Our results indicate that divergence in TPCs may be constrained in aquatic insects except under the most different thermal regimes, perhaps because of trade-offs that reduce thermal sensitivity and increase performance breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha A Shah
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Eva M S Bacmeister
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Juan G Rubalcaba
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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18
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Dale Broder E, Ghalambor CK, Handelsman CA, Ruell EW, Reznick DN, Angeloni LM. Rapid evolution and plasticity of genitalia. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:1361-1370. [PMID: 32896937 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genital morphology exhibits tremendous variation and is intimately linked with fitness. Sexual selection, nonmating natural selection and neutral forces have been explored as potential drivers of genital divergence. Though less explored, genitalia may also be plastic in response to the developmental environment. In poeciliid fishes, the length of the male intromittent organ, the gonopodium, may be driven by sexual selection if longer gonopodia attract females or aid in forced copulation attempts or by nonmating natural selection if shorter gonopodia allow predator evasion. The rearing environment may also affect gonopodium development. Using an experimental introduction of Trinidadian guppies into four replicate streams with reduced predation risk, we tested whether this new environment caused the evolution of genitalia. We measured gonopodium length after rearing the source and introduced populations for two generations in the laboratory to remove maternal and other environmental effects. We split full-sibling brothers into different rearing treatments to additionally test for developmental plasticity of gonopodia in response to predator cues and food levels as well as the evolution of plasticity. The introduced populations had shorter gonopodia after accounting for body size, demonstrating rapid genital evolution in 2-3 years (8-12 generations). Brothers reared on low food levels had longer gonopodia relative to body size than those on high food, reflecting maintenance of gonopodium length despite a reduction in body size. In contrast, gonopodium length was not significantly different in response to the presence or absence of predator cues. Because the plastic response to low food was maintained between the source and introduced populations, there was no evidence that plasticity evolved. This study demonstrates the importance of both evolution and developmental plasticity in explaining genital variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dale Broder
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Biology, St. Ambrose University, Davenport, IA, USA
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Corey A Handelsman
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Emily W Ruell
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - David N Reznick
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M Angeloni
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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19
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Mauro AA, Ghalambor CK. Trade-offs, Pleiotropy, and Shared Molecular Pathways: A Unified View of Constraints on Adaptation. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:332-347. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synopsis
The concept of trade-offs permeates our thinking about adaptive evolution because they are exhibited at every level of biological organization, from molecular and cellular processes to organismal and ecological functions. Trade-offs inevitably arise because different traits do not occur in isolation, but instead are imbedded within complex, integrated systems that make up whole organisms. The genetic and mechanistic underpinning of trade-offs can be found in the pleiotropic nodes that occur in the biological pathways shared between traits. Yet, often trade-offs are only understood as statistical correlations, limiting the ability to evaluate the interplay between how selection and constraint interact during adaptive evolution. Here, we first review the classic paradigms in which physiologists and evolutionary biologists have studied trade-offs and highlight the ways in which network and molecular pathway approaches unify these paradigms. We discuss how these approaches allow researchers to evaluate why trade-offs arise and how selection can act to overcome trait correlations and evolutionary constraints. We argue that understanding how the conserved molecular pathways are shared between different traits and functions provides a conceptual framework for evolutionary biologists, physiologists, and molecular biologists to meaningfully work together toward the goal of understanding why correlations and trade-offs occur between traits. We briefly highlight the melanocortin system and the hormonal control of osmoregulation as two case studies where an understanding of shared molecular pathways reveals why trade-offs occur between seemingly unrelated traits. While we recognize that applying such approaches poses challenges and limitations particularly in the context of natural populations, we advocate for the view that focusing on the biological pathways responsible for trade-offs provides a unified conceptual context accessible to a broad range of integrative biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Mauro
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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20
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Broder ED, Guilbert KE, Tinghitella RM, Murphy SM, Ghalambor CK, Angeloni LM. Authentic Science with Dissemination Increases Self-Efficacy of Middle School Students. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 59:1497-1508. [PMID: 31359058 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnically and gender diverse groups are more efficient, creative, and productive than homogeneous groups, yet women and minorities are underrepresented in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce. One contributor is unequal access to high-quality STEM education based on socioeconomic status and race, which we may be able to address through inquiry-based out-of-school time programs. Here we describe a 6-month after-school program that allows an underrepresented community of middle school students to conduct original scientific research that they present at a conference each year. Through qualitative assessments and interviews, we found a trend for increased interest in STEM careers and self-efficacy in participants. Self-efficacy, or belief in one's ability to succeed, predicts performance and persistence in STEM. Both self-efficacy and interest in STEM careers increased after students presented their research at a conference, highlighting the unexplored importance of dissemination for shaping self-efficacy in K-12 students. Small after-school programs like ours can be easily accomplished as broader impacts by scientists, and well-designed programs have the potential to positively affect change by increasing access and participation in STEM for diverse students.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dale Broder
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Biology Department, St. Ambrose University, Davenport, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Shannon M Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Lisa M Angeloni
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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21
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Havird JC, Neuwald JL, Shah AA, Mauro A, Marshall CA, Ghalambor CK. Distinguishing between active plasticity due to thermal acclimation and passive plasticity due to
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effects: Why methodology matters. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Havird
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
| | - Jennifer L. Neuwald
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Alisha A. Shah
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - Alexander Mauro
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | | | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
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22
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Reznick DN, Bassar RD, Handelsman CA, Ghalambor CK, Arendt J, Coulson T, Potter T, Ruell EW, Torres-Dowdall J, Bentzen P, Travis J. Eco-Evolutionary Feedbacks Predict the Time Course of Rapid Life-History Evolution. Am Nat 2019; 194:671-692. [DOI: 10.1086/705380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Gibert P, Debat V, Ghalambor CK. Phenotypic plasticity, global change, and the speed of adaptive evolution. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2019; 35:34-40. [PMID: 31325807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The role phenotypic plasticity might play in adaptation to the ongoing climate changes is unclear. Plasticity allows for the production of a diversity of intra-generational responses, whose inter-generational evolutionary consequences are difficult to predict. In this article, we review theory and empirical studies addressing this question in insects by considering three scenarios. The first scenario corresponds to adaptive plasticity that should lead to slow or no evolution. The second scenario is the case of non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity to new environmental conditions that should lead either to extinction or, on the contrary, to rapid evolutionary change. The third scenario deals with how plasticity alters the variance selection acts upon. These scenarios are then discussed by highlighting examples of empirical studies on insects. We conclude that more studies are needed to better understand the relationship between phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary processes in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Gibert
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Vincent Debat
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP50, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Marin P, Genitoni J, Barloy D, Maury S, Gibert P, Ghalambor CK, Vieira C. Biological invasion: The influence of the hidden side of the (epi)genome. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Marin
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1 Université de Lyon Villeurbanne France
| | - Julien Genitoni
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus Ouest INRA Rennes France
- LBLGC EA 1207 INRA, Université d'Orléans, USC 1328 Orléans France
| | - Dominique Barloy
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus Ouest INRA Rennes France
| | - Stéphane Maury
- LBLGC EA 1207 INRA, Université d'Orléans, USC 1328 Orléans France
| | - Patricia Gibert
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1 Université de Lyon Villeurbanne France
| | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Cristina Vieira
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1 Université de Lyon Villeurbanne France
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25
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Westrick SE, Broder ED, Reznick DN, Ghalambor CK, Angeloni L. Rapid evolution and behavioral plasticity following introduction to an environment with reduced predation risk. Ethology 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Westrick
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - E. Dale Broder
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - David N. Reznick
- Department of Biology University of California at Riverside Riverside California
| | | | - Lisa Angeloni
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
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26
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Kane EA, Roeder MM, DeRue ML, Ghalambor CK. Integration between swim speed and mouth size evolves repeatedly in Trinidadian guppies and aligns with suction-feeding fishes. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:222/2/jeb190165. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.190165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Well-supported correlations between swim speed and mouth size during prey capture suggest the broad existence of an integrated relationship between locomotion and feeding in suction-feeding fishes. However, the influence of specialization on this relationship is unclear. We used divergent populations of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to test whether integration during suction is generalizable to a non-suction specialist and whether intraspecific specialization of component systems affects their integration. Guppies from replicate high- and low-predation streams were recorded capturing wild-type zooplankton using suction. Alternative general linear models supported a positive correlation between swim speed and mouth size in derived low-predation populations, suggesting that the relationship can be extended in some cases. High-predation populations lack this integration, which may be the result of direct selection or constraints imposed by selection on locomotion. As guppies invade new habitats they may be evolving a new, integrated performance phenotype from a non-integrated ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Kane
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, PO BOX 8042-1, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Megan M. Roeder
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, PO BOX 8042-1, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - McKenna L. DeRue
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, PO BOX 8042-1, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
| | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, PO BOX 8042-1, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA
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27
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Dargent F, Chen L, Fussmann GF, Ghalambor CK, Hendry AP. Female preference for novel males constrains the contemporary evolution of assortative mating in guppies. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dargent
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lisa Chen
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University at Fort Collins, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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28
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Morrison SA, Sillett TS, Funk WC, Ghalambor CK, Rick TC. California Island Rediscovery: Building an Archive to Improve Conservation Today and Equip the Historical Ecologist of Tomorrow. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2018. [DOI: 10.3398/064.078.0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Morrison
- The Nature Conservancy, 201 Mission St., 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105
| | - T. Scott Sillett
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013
| | - W. Chris Funk
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Torben C. Rick
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013
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Boser CL, Sillett TS, Collins PW, Faulkner KR, Funk WC, Ghalambor CK, Laughrin L, Pauly GB, Robertson JM, Shea R, Vickers W. Equipping Tomorrow's Historical Ecologist: Priorities for Documenting Conditions of the Terrestrial Fauna of Santa Cruz Island, California. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2018. [DOI: 10.3398/064.078.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Scott Sillett
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20013
| | - Paul W. Collins
- Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA 93105
| | | | - W. Chris Funk
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Lyndal Laughrin
- University of California Natural Reserve System, UCSB, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Gregory B. Pauly
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA 90007
| | | | - Robyn Shea
- California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Kim L Hoke
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Emily W Ruell
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Eva K Fischer
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - David N Reznick
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Kimberly A Hughes
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
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31
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Ghalambor CK, Hoke KL, Ruell EW, Fischer EK, Reznick DN, Hughes KA. Erratum: Non-adaptive plasticity potentiates rapid adaptive evolution of gene expression in nature. Nature 2018; 555:688. [DOI: 10.1038/nature25499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Shah AA, Funk WC, Ghalambor CK. Thermal Acclimation Ability Varies in Temperate and Tropical Aquatic Insects from Different Elevations. Integr Comp Biol 2017; 57:977-987. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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33
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Fitzpatrick SW, Handelsman CA, Torres-Dowdall J, Ruell EW, Broder ED, Kronenberger JA, Reznick DN, Ghalambor CK, Angeloni LM, Funk WC. Gene Flow Constrains and Facilitates Genetically Based Divergence in Quantitative Traits. COPEIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1643/ci-16-559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shah AA, Gill BA, Encalada AC, Flecker AS, Funk WC, Guayasamin JM, Kondratieff BC, Poff NL, Thomas SA, Zamudio KR, Ghalambor CK. Climate variability predicts thermal limits of aquatic insects across elevation and latitude. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alisha A. Shah
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Brian A. Gill
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Andrea C. Encalada
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador
| | | | - W. Chris Funk
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Juan M. Guayasamin
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales Universidad San Francisco de Quito Quito Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica Quito Ecuador
| | - Boris C. Kondratieff
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - N. LeRoy Poff
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Institute of Applied Ecology University of Canberra Canberra ACT Australia
- Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Steven A. Thomas
- School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA
| | - Kelly R. Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
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Abstract
Historical ecology provides information needed to understand contemporary conditions and make science-based resource management decisions. Gaps in historical records, however, can limit inquiries and inference. Unfortunately, the patchiness of data that poses challenges for today's historical ecologist may be similarly problematic for those in the future seeking to understand what are currently present-day conditions and trends, in part because of societal underinvestment in systematic collection and curation. We therefore highlight the generational imperative that contemporary scientists and managers individually have - especially in this era of tremendous global change - to ensure sufficient documentation of the past and current conditions of the places and resources to which they have access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Morrison
- The Nature Conservancy, 201 Mission St., 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA.
| | - T Scott Sillett
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - W Chris Funk
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Torben C Rick
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 112, Washington, DC 20013, USA
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36
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Bay RA, Rose N, Barrett R, Bernatchez L, Ghalambor CK, Lasky JR, Brem RB, Palumbi SR, Ralph P. Predicting Responses to Contemporary Environmental Change Using Evolutionary Response Architectures. Am Nat 2017; 189:463-473. [DOI: 10.1086/691233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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37
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Langin KM, Sillett TS, Morrison SA, Ghalambor CK. Bill morphology and neutral genetic structure both predict variation in acoustic signals within a bird population. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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38
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Langin KM, Sillett TS, Funk WC, Morrison SA, Ghalambor CK. Partial support for the central-marginal hypothesis within a population: reduced genetic diversity but not increased differentiation at the range edge of an island endemic bird. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 119:8-15. [PMID: 28327578 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale population comparisons have contributed to our understanding of the evolution of geographic range limits and species boundaries, as well as the conservation value of populations at range margins. The central-marginal hypothesis (CMH) predicts a decline in genetic diversity and an increase in genetic differentiation toward the periphery of species' ranges due to spatial variation in genetic drift and gene flow. Empirical studies on a diverse array of taxa have demonstrated support for the CMH. However, nearly all such studies come from widely distributed species, and have not considered if the same processes can be scaled down to single populations. Here, we test the CMH on a species composed of a single population: the Island Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma insularis), endemic to a 250 km2 island. We examined microsatellite data from a quarter of the total population and found that homozygosity increased toward the island's periphery. However, peripheral portions of the island did not exhibit higher genetic differentiation. Simulations revealed that highly localized dispersal and small total population size, but not spatial variation in population density, were critical for generating fine-scale variation in homozygosity. Collectively, these results demonstrate that microevolutionary processes driving spatial variation in genetic diversity among populations can also be important for generating spatial variation in genetic diversity within populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Langin
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - T S Sillett
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA
| | - W C Funk
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - C K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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39
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Martin PR, Freshwater C, Ghalambor CK. The outcomes of most aggressive interactions among closely related bird species are asymmetric. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2847. [PMID: 28070465 PMCID: PMC5217525 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive interactions among closely related species are common, and can play an important role as a selective pressure shaping species traits and assemblages. The nature of this selective pressure depends on whether the outcomes of aggressive contests are asymmetric between species (i.e., one species is consistently dominant), yet few studies have estimated the prevalence of asymmetric versus symmetric outcomes to aggressive contests. Here we use previously published data involving 26,212 interactions between 270 species pairs of birds from 26 taxonomic families to address the question: How often are aggressive interactions among closely related bird species asymmetric? We define asymmetry using (i) the proportion of contests won by one species, and (ii) statistical tests for asymmetric outcomes of aggressive contests. We calculate these asymmetries using data summed across different sites for each species pair, and compare results to asymmetries calculated using data separated by location. We find that 80% of species pairs had aggressive outcomes where one species won 80% or more of aggressive contests. We also find that the majority of aggressive interactions among closely related species show statistically significant asymmetries, and above a sample size of 52 interactions, all outcomes are asymmetric following binomial tests. Species pairs with dominance data from multiple sites showed the same dominance relationship across locations in 93% of the species pairs. Overall, our results suggest that the outcome of aggressive interactions among closely related species are usually consistent and asymmetric, and should thus favor ecological and evolutionary strategies specific to the position of a species within a dominance hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Martin
- Department of Biology, Queen's University , Kingston , Ontario , Canada
| | - Cameron Freshwater
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , United States
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40
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Martin LB, Ahn AN, Earley R, Ghalambor CK, Woods HA. Editorial for Integrative and Comparative Biology. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:755-757. [PMID: 27880676 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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41
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Lessmann J, Guayasamin JM, Casner KL, Flecker AS, Funk WC, Ghalambor CK, Gill BA, Jácome-Negrete I, Kondratieff BC, Poff LN, Schreckinger J, Thomas SA, Toral-Contreras E, Zamudio KR, Encalada AC. Freshwater vertebrate and invertebrate diversity patterns in an Andean-Amazon basin: implications for conservation efforts. Neotropical Biodiversity 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2016.1222189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janeth Lessmann
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (LEA-USFQ). Pámpite y Diego de Robles, Cumbayá, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y el Cambio Climático – BioCamb, Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Casilla, USA
| | - Juan M. Guayasamin
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (LEA-USFQ). Pámpite y Diego de Robles, Cumbayá, Ecuador
| | - Kayce L. Casner
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Alexander S. Flecker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - W. Chris Funk
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Brian A. Gill
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Boris C. Kondratieff
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - LeRoy N. Poff
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - José Schreckinger
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (LEA-USFQ). Pámpite y Diego de Robles, Cumbayá, Ecuador
| | - Steven A. Thomas
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Eduardo Toral-Contreras
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y el Cambio Climático – BioCamb, Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kelly R. Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Andrea C. Encalada
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (LEA-USFQ). Pámpite y Diego de Robles, Cumbayá, Ecuador
- IMAR / MARE, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martím de Freitas, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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42
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Fitzpatrick SW, Gerberich JC, Angeloni LM, Bailey LL, Broder ED, Torres‐Dowdall J, Handelsman CA, López‐Sepulcre A, Reznick DN, Ghalambor CK, Chris Funk W. Gene flow from an adaptively divergent source causes rescue through genetic and demographic factors in two wild populations of Trinidadian guppies. Evol Appl 2016; 9:879-91. [PMID: 27468306 PMCID: PMC4947150 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic rescue, an increase in population growth owing to the infusion of new alleles, can aid the persistence of small populations. Its use as a management tool is limited by a lack of empirical data geared toward predicting effects of gene flow on local adaptation and demography. Experimental translocations provide an ideal opportunity to monitor the demographic consequences of gene flow. In this study we take advantage of two experimental introductions of Trinidadian guppies to test the effects of gene flow on downstream native populations. We individually marked guppies from the native populations to monitor population dynamics for 3 months before and 26 months after gene flow. We genotyped all individuals caught during the first 17 months at microsatellite loci to classify individuals by their genetic ancestry: native, immigrant, F1 hybrid, F2 hybrid, or backcross. Our study documents a combination of demographic and genetic rescue over multiple generations under fully natural conditions. Within both recipient populations, we found substantial and long-term increases in population size that could be attributed to high survival and recruitment caused by immigration and gene flow from the introduction sites. Our results suggest that low levels of gene flow, even from a divergent ecotype, can provide a substantial demographic boost to small populations, which may allow them to withstand environmental stochasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Fitzpatrick
- Kellogg Biological StationDepartment of Integrative BiologyMichigan State UniversityHickory CornersMIUSA
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | | | - Lisa M. Angeloni
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Larissa L. Bailey
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Emily D. Broder
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Julian Torres‐Dowdall
- Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und EvolutionsbiologieDepartment of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | | | - Andrés López‐Sepulcre
- CNRS UMR 7618Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES)Université Pierre et Marie CurieParisFrance
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesCenter of Excellence in Biological InteractionsUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | | | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - W. Chris Funk
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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43
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Fischer EK, Ghalambor CK, Hoke KL. Can a Network Approach Resolve How Adaptive vs Nonadaptive Plasticity Impacts Evolutionary Trajectories? Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:877-888. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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44
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Gill BA, Kondratieff BC, Casner KL, Encalada AC, Flecker AS, Gannon DG, Ghalambor CK, Guayasamin JM, Poff NL, Simmons MP, Thomas SA, Zamudio KR, Funk WC. Cryptic species diversity reveals biogeographic support for the 'mountain passes are higher in the tropics' hypothesis. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20160553. [PMID: 27306051 PMCID: PMC4920318 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The 'mountain passes are higher in the tropics' (MPHT) hypothesis posits that reduced climate variability at low latitudes should select for narrower thermal tolerances, lower dispersal and smaller elevational ranges compared with higher latitudes. These latitudinal differences could increase species richness at low latitudes, but that increase may be largely cryptic, because physiological and dispersal traits isolating populations might not correspond to morphological differences. Yet previous tests of the MPHT hypothesis have not addressed cryptic diversity. We use integrative taxonomy, combining morphology (6136 specimens) and DNA barcoding (1832 specimens) to compare the species richness, cryptic diversity and elevational ranges of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in the Rocky Mountains (Colorado; approx. 40°N) and the Andes (Ecuador; approx. 0°). We find higher species richness and smaller elevational ranges in Ecuador than Colorado, but only after quantifying and accounting for cryptic diversity. The opposite pattern is found when comparing diversity based on morphology alone, underscoring the importance of uncovering cryptic species to understand global biodiversity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Gill
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - B C Kondratieff
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - K L Casner
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - A C Encalada
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, 17-1200-841 Quito, Ecuador
| | - A S Flecker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - D G Gannon
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - C K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - J M Guayasamin
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, 17-1200-841 Quito, Ecuador Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Calle Machala y Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador
| | - N L Poff
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - M P Simmons
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - S A Thomas
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - K R Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - W C Funk
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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45
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Murren CJ, Auld JR, Callahan H, Ghalambor CK, Handelsman CA, Heskel MA, Kingsolver JG, Maclean HJ, Masel J, Maughan H, Pfennig DW, Relyea RA, Seiter S, Snell-Rood E, Steiner UK, Schlichting CD. Constraints on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity: limits and costs of phenotype and plasticity. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 115:293-301. [PMID: 25690179 PMCID: PMC4815460 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is ubiquitous and generally regarded as a key mechanism for enabling organisms to survive in the face of environmental change. Because no organism is infinitely or ideally plastic, theory suggests that there must be limits (for example, the lack of ability to produce an optimal trait) to the evolution of phenotypic plasticity, or that plasticity may have inherent significant costs. Yet numerous experimental studies have not detected widespread costs. Explicitly differentiating plasticity costs from phenotype costs, we re-evaluate fundamental questions of the limits to the evolution of plasticity and of generalists vs specialists. We advocate for the view that relaxed selection and variable selection intensities are likely more important constraints to the evolution of plasticity than the costs of plasticity. Some forms of plasticity, such as learning, may be inherently costly. In addition, we examine opportunities to offset costs of phenotypes through ontogeny, amelioration of phenotypic costs across environments, and the condition-dependent hypothesis. We propose avenues of further inquiry in the limits of plasticity using new and classic methods of ecological parameterization, phylogenetics and omics in the context of answering questions on the constraints of plasticity. Given plasticity's key role in coping with environmental change, approaches spanning the spectrum from applied to basic will greatly enrich our understanding of the evolution of plasticity and resolve our understanding of limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Murren
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J R Auld
- Department of Biology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - H Callahan
- Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - C A Handelsman
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M A Heskel
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - J G Kingsolver
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H J Maclean
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Masel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - D W Pfennig
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R A Relyea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - S Seiter
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - E Snell-Rood
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - U K Steiner
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Max-Planck Odense Centre on the Biodemography of Aging, Odense, Denmark
| | - C D Schlichting
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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46
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Langin KM, Sillett TS, Funk WC, Morrison SA, Desrosiers MA, Ghalambor CK. Islands within an island: repeated adaptive divergence in a single population. Evolution 2015; 69:653-65. [PMID: 25645813 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Physical barriers to gene flow were once viewed as prerequisites for adaptive evolutionary divergence. However, a growing body of theoretical and empirical work suggests that divergence can proceed within a single population. Here we document genetic structure and spatially replicated patterns of phenotypic divergence within a bird species endemic to 250 km(2) Santa Cruz Island, California, USA. Island scrub-jays (Aphelocoma insularis) in three separate stands of pine habitat had longer, shallower bills than jays in oak habitat, a pattern that mirrors adaptive differences between allopatric populations of the species' mainland congener. Variation in both bill measurements was heritable, and island scrub-jays mated nonrandomly with respect to bill morphology. The population was not panmictic; instead, we found a continuous pattern of isolation by distance across the east-west axis of the island, as well as a subtle genetic discontinuity across the boundary between the largest pine stand and adjacent oak habitat. The ecological factors that appear to have facilitated adaptive differentiation at such a fine scale--environmental heterogeneity and localized dispersal--are ubiquitous in nature. These findings support recent arguments that microgeographic patterns of adaptive divergence may be more common than currently appreciated, even in mobile taxonomic groups like birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Langin
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523; Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523; Fort Collins Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80526.
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Abstract
Bone evolved to serve many mechanical and physiological functions. Osteocytes and bone remodeling first appeared in the dermal skeleton of fish, and subsequently adapted to various challenges in terrestrial animals occupying diverse environments. This review discusses the physiology of bone and its role in mechanical and calcium homeostases from an evolutionary perspective. We review how bone physiology responds to changing environments and the adaptations to unique and extreme physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison H. Doherty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and
| | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Seth W. Donahue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; and
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Abstract
Ecologically similar species often compete aggressively for shared resources. These interactions are frequently asymmetric, with one species behaviorally dominant to another and excluding it from preferred resources. Despite the potential importance of this type of interference competition as a source of selection, we know little about patterns of trait divergence between dominant and subordinate species. We compiled published data on phylogenetically independent, closely related species of North American birds where one species was consistently dominant in aggressive interactions with a congeneric species. We then compared the body size, breeding phenology, life history, ecological breadth, and biogeography of these species. After accounting for body size and phylogeny, we found repeated patterns of trait divergence between subordinate and dominant species within genera. Subordinate species that migrated seasonally arrived 4-7 days later than dominants on their sympatric breeding grounds, and both resident and migratory subordinates initiated breeding 7-8 days later than their dominant, sympatric congeners. Subordinate species had a 5.2% higher annual adult mortality rate and laid eggs that were 0.02 g heavier for their body mass. Dominant and subordinate species used a similar number of different foods, foraging behaviors, nest sites, and habitats, but subordinates were more specialized in their foraging behaviors compared with closely related dominant species. The breeding and wintering ranges of subordinate species were 571 km farther apart than the ranges of dominant species, suggesting that subordinate species migrate greater distances. Range sizes and latitudinal distributions did not consistently differ, although subordinate species tended to breed farther north or winter farther south. These results are consistent with dominant species directly influencing the ecological strategies of subordinate species (via plastic or genetically based changes), either by restricting their access to resources or simply through aggression. Alternatively, these ecological traits may covary with patterns of behavioral dominance, with no direct consequences of interactions. Regardless of the mechanism, recognizing that the relative position of a species within a dominance hierarchy is correlated with a suite of other ecological and fitness related traits has far-reaching implications for the mechanisms underlying species distributions and the structure of biological assemblages.
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Martin PR, Ghalambor CK. When David beats Goliath: the advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive contests declines over evolutionary time. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108741. [PMID: 25250781 PMCID: PMC4177554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Body size has long been recognized to play a key role in shaping species interactions. For example, while small species thrive in a diversity of environments, they typically lose aggressive contests for resources with larger species. However, numerous examples exist of smaller species dominating larger species during aggressive interactions, suggesting that the evolution of traits can allow species to overcome the competitive disadvantage of small size. If these traits accumulate as lineages diverge, then the advantage of large size in interspecific aggressive interactions should decline with increased evolutionary distance. We tested this hypothesis using data on the outcomes of 23,362 aggressive interactions among 246 bird species pairs involving vultures at carcasses, hummingbirds at nectar sources, and antbirds and woodcreepers at army ant swarms. We found the advantage of large size declined as species became more evolutionarily divergent, and smaller species were more likely to dominate aggressive contests when interacting with more distantly-related species. These results appear to be caused by both the evolution of traits in smaller species that enhanced their abilities in aggressive contests, and the evolution of traits in larger species that were adaptive for other functions, but compromised their abilities to compete aggressively. Specific traits that may provide advantages to small species in aggressive interactions included well-developed leg musculature and talons, enhanced flight acceleration and maneuverability, novel fighting behaviors, and traits associated with aggression, such as testosterone and muscle development. Traits that may have hindered larger species in aggressive interactions included the evolution of morphologies for tree trunk foraging that compromised performance in aggressive contests away from trunks, and the evolution of migration. Overall, our results suggest that fundamental trade-offs, such as those associated with body size, are more likely to break down over evolutionary time, changing the rules that govern species interactions and structure ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Martin
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Rick TC, Sillett TS, Ghalambor CK, Hofman CA, Ralls K, Anderson RS, Boser CL, Braje TJ, Cayan DR, Chesser RT, Collins PW, Erlandson JM, Faulkner KR, Fleischer R, Funk WC, Galipeau R, Huston A, King J, Laughrin L, Maldonado J, McEachern K, Muhs DR, Newsome SD, Reeder-Myers L, Still C, Morrison SA. Ecological Change on California's Channel Islands from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene. Bioscience 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biu094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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