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Matthews DG, Reznick DN, Dial TR. Trophic niche drives the evolution of craniofacial shape in Trinidadian guppies. Evolution 2024; 78:894-905. [PMID: 38315570 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Diverse clades of fishes adapted to feeding on the benthos repeatedly converge on steep craniofacial profiles and shorter, wider heads. But in an incipient radiation, to what extent is this morphological evolution measurable and can we distinguish the relative genetic vs. plastic effects? We use the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata) to test the repeatability of adaptation and the alignment of genetic and environmental effects shaping poecilid craniofacial morphology. We compare wild-caught and common garden lab-reared fish to quantify the genetic and plastic components of craniofacial morphology across 4 populations from 2 river drainage systems (n = 56 total). We first use micro-computed tomography to capture 3D morphology, then place both landmarks and semilandmarks to perform size-corrected 3D morphometrics and quantify shape space. We find a measurable, significant, and repeatable divergence in craniofacial shape between high-predation invertivore and low-predation detritivore populations. As predicted from previous examples of piscine adaptive trophic divergence, we find increases in head slope and craniofacial compression among the benthic detritivore foragers. Furthermore, the effects of environmental plasticity among benthic detritivores produce exaggerated craniofacial morphological change along a parallel axis to genetic morphological adaptation from invertivore ancestors. Overall, many of the major patterns of benthic-limnetic craniofacial evolution appear convergent among disparate groups of teleost fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Matthews
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David N Reznick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Terry R Dial
- Department of Biology and College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Moab, UT, United States
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2
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Zhou C, Liu L, Jiang M, Wang L, Pan X. Identification of Philaster apodigitiformis in aquaculture and functional characterization of its β-PKA gene and expression analysis of infected Poecilia reticulata. Parasitology 2024; 151:370-379. [PMID: 38343157 PMCID: PMC11044068 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is a distinctive member of the serine–threonine protein AGC kinase family and an effective kinase for cAMP signal transduction. In recent years, scuticociliate has caused a lot of losses in domestic fishery farming, therefore, we have carried out morphological and molecular biological studies. In this study, diseased guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were collected from an ornamental fish market, and scuticociliate Philaster apodigitiformis Miao et al., 2009 was isolated. In our prior transcriptome sequencing research, we discovered significant expression of the β-PKA gene in P. apodigitiformis during its infection process, leading us to speculate its involvement in pathogenesis. A complete sequence of the β-PKA gene was cloned, and quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to analyse or to evaluate the functional characteristics of the β-PKA gene. Morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit rRNA sequence, infection experiments and haematoxylin–eosin staining method were also carried out, in order to study the pathological characteristics and infection mechanism of scuticociliate. The present results showed that: (1) our results revealed that β-PKA is a crucial gene involved in P. apodigitiformis infection in guppies, and the findings provide valuable insights for future studies on scuticociliatosis; (2) we characterized a complete gene, β-PKA, that is generally expressed in parasitic organisms during infection stage and (3) the present study indicates that PKA plays a critical role in scuticociliate when infection occurs by controlling essential steps such as cell growth, development and regulating the activity of the sensory body structures and the irritability system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Zhou
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Mingyue Jiang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Xuming Pan
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
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3
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MacLaren RD. Aesthetic preference for artificially selected color variant affects mate choice copying behavior in female Poecilia latipinna. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298171. [PMID: 38547203 PMCID: PMC10977783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted examining whether an artificially selected "gold" color variant in female "models" affects mate choice copying behavior in sailfin mollies (Poecilia latipinna). Experiment I consisted of a pair of female preference assays, first assessing preference for male body size, followed by a mate choice copying assay that paired a model female with the smaller, non-preferred male from the initial preference test. Female subjects were divided into three groups that used either a wildtype female model, an artificially selected "gold" variant (cultivated within the aquarium fish trade) model, or control wherein no model was presented. Results showed females consistently copied the model's choice, switching preferences from the larger to smaller male when paired with a model regardless of color. In the second experiment wildtype females were presented with a pair of size-matched dummy males both of which paired with model females (one gold and the other wild type). Subjects consistently preferred the male previously paired with the gold- over the male with the wildtype-model, suggesting pre-existing sensory/perceptual biases may have affected their mate choice copying behavior. Previous studies have offered evidence for the spread of novel traits in males via sensory exploitation. However, these results indicate such biases may influence courtship behavior in circumstances where the novel trait is expressed in females as well. For the third experiment, wildtype females were presented with a choice between gold vs wildtype dummy males, the results of which revealing significant preferences for gold. In a follow-up assay pairing a wild type model with the non-preferred wildtype male, females maintained their preference for gold males despite the conflicting social driver of mate choice copying. These data offer evidence for the existence of a perceptual/cognitive bias in the context of mate choice copying, favoring the gold phenotype and/or novelty in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald David MacLaren
- Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, Massachusetts, United States of America
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4
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Chang Y, Wu S, Li J, Bao H, Wu C. Identification of Candidate Genes for Red-Eyed (Albinism) Domestic Guppies Using Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2175. [PMID: 38396851 PMCID: PMC10888696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Guppies are small tropical fish with brightly colored bodies and variable tail shapes. There are two phenotypes of domestic guppy eye color: red and black. The wild type is black-eyed. The main object of this study was to identify candidate genes for the red-eyed phenotype in domestic guppies. We hope to provide molecular genetic information for the development of new domestic guppy strains. Additionally, the results also contribute to basic research concerning guppies. In this study, 121 domestic guppies were used for genomic analysis (GWAS), and 44 genes were identified. Furthermore, 21 domestic guppies were used for transcriptomic analysis, and 874 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 357 upregulated and 517 downregulated genes. Through GO and KEGG enrichment, we identified some important terms or pathways mainly related to melanin biosynthesis and ion transport. qRT-PCR was also performed to verify the differential expression levels of four important candidate genes (TYR, OCA2, SLC45A2, and SLC24A5) between red-eyed and black-eyed guppies. Based on the results of genomic and transcriptomic analyses, we propose that OCA2 is the most important candidate gene for the red-eyed phenotype in guppies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haigang Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.L.); (C.W.)
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5
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Sæther BE. How population size shapes the evolution of guppy fish. Nature 2024; 626:725-726. [PMID: 38321158 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
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6
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Jiang M, Zhou C, Wang S, Liu L, Zhang S, Wang L, Pan X. Identification of a Tetrahymena species infecting guppies, pathology, and expression of beta-tubulin during infection. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:104. [PMID: 38240890 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Tetrahymenosis is caused by the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena and is responsible for serious economic losses to the aquaculture industry worldwide. However, information regarding the molecular mechanism leading to tetrahymenosis is limited. In previous transcriptome sequencing work, it was found that one of the two β-tubulin genes in T. pyriformis was significantly expressed in infected fish, we speculated that β-tubulin is involved in T. pyriformis infecting fish. Herein, the potential biological function of the β-tubulin gene in Tetrahymena species when establishing infection in guppies was investigated by cloning the full-length cDNA of this T. pyriformis β-tubulin (BTU1) gene. The full-length cDNA of T. pyriformis BTU1 gene was 1873 bp, and the ORF occupied 1134 bp, whereas 5' UTR 434 bp, and 3' UTR 305 bp whose poly (A) tail contained 12 bases. The predicted protein encoded by T. pyriformis BTU1 gene had a calculated molecular weight of 42.26 kDa and pI of 4.48. Moreover, secondary structure analysis and tertiary structure prediction of BTU1 protein were also conducted. In addition, morphology, infraciliature, phylogeny, and histopathology of T. pyriformis isolated from guppies from a fish market in Harbin were also investigated. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis and experimental infection assays indicated that the expression of BTU1 gene resulted in efficient cell proliferation during infection. Collectively, our data revealed that BTU1 is a key gene involved in T. pyriformis infection in guppies, and the findings discussed herein provide valuable insights for future studies on tetrahymenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Jiang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Shuixian Zhang
- Panzhou No.4 Primary School, Panzhou, 553599, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Xuming Pan
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
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7
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Charlesworth D, Qiu S, Bergero R, Gardner J, Keegan K, Yong L, Hastings A, Konczal M. Has recombination changed during the recent evolution of the guppy Y chromosome? Genetics 2024; 226:iyad198. [PMID: 37956094 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome sequencing and genetic mapping of molecular markers have demonstrated nearly complete Y-linkage across much of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) XY chromosome pair. Predominant Y-linkage of factors controlling visible male-specific coloration traits also suggested that these polymorphisms are sexually antagonistic (SA). However, occasional exchanges with the X are detected, and recombination patterns also appear to differ between natural guppy populations, suggesting ongoing evolution of recombination suppression under selection created by partially sex-linked SA polymorphisms. We used molecular markers to directly estimate genetic maps in sires from 4 guppy populations. The maps are very similar, suggesting that their crossover patterns have not recently changed. Our maps are consistent with population genomic results showing that variants within the terminal 5 Mb of the 26.5 Mb sex chromosome, chromosome 12, are most clearly associated with the maleness factor, albeit incompletely. We also confirmed occasional crossovers proximal to the male-determining region, defining a second, rarely recombining, pseudo-autosomal region, PAR2. This fish species may therefore have no completely male-specific region (MSY) more extensive than the male-determining factor. The positions of the few crossover events suggest a location for the male-determining factor within a physically small repetitive region. A sex-reversed XX male had few crossovers in PAR2, suggesting that this region's low crossover rate depends on the phenotypic, not the genetic, sex. Thus, rare individuals whose phenotypic and genetic sexes differ, and/or occasional PAR2 crossovers in males can explain the failure to detect fully Y-linked variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Charlesworth
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LF, UK
| | - Suo Qiu
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LF, UK
| | - Roberta Bergero
- Scottish Rural Agricultural College, Peter Wilson Building, King's Buildings, W Mains Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Jim Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LF, UK
| | - Karen Keegan
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LF, UK
| | - Lengxob Yong
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Marine Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 12559 Charleston, SC 29422-2559, USA
| | - Abigail Hastings
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LF, UK
| | - Mateusz Konczal
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 60-614 Poznań, Poland
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8
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Rodríguez-Machado S, Elías DJ, McMahan CD, Gruszkiewicz-Tolli A, Piller KR, Chakrabarty P. Disentangling historical relationships within Poeciliidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes) using ultraconserved elements. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 190:107965. [PMID: 37977500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Poeciliids (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae), commonly known as livebearers, are popular fishes in the aquarium trade (e.g., guppies, mollies, swordtails) that are widely distributed in the Americas, with 274 valid species in 27 genera. This group has undergone various taxonomic changes recently, spurred by investigations using traditional genetic markers. Here we used over 1,000 ultraconserved loci to infer the relationships within Poeciliidae in the first attempt at understanding their diversification based on genome-scale data. We explore gene tree discordance and investigate potential incongruence between concatenation and coalescent inference methods. Our aim is to examine the influence of incomplete lineage sorting and reticulate evolution on the poeciliids' evolutionary history and how these factors contribute to the observed gene tree discordace. Our concatenated and coalescent phylogenomic inferences recovered four major clades within Poeciliidae. Most supra-generic level relationships we inferred were congruent with previous molecular studies, but we found some disagreements; the Middle American taxa Phallichthys and Poecilia (Mollienesia) were recovered as non-monophyletic, and unlike other recent molecular studies, we recovered Brachyrhaphis as monophyletic. Our study is the first to provide signatures of reticulate evolution in Poeciliidae at the family level; however, continued finer-scale investigations are needed to understand the complex evolutionary history of the family along with a much-needed taxonomic re-evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Rodríguez-Machado
- Museum of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
| | - Diego J Elías
- Museum of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States; Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, United States
| | - Caleb D McMahan
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, United States
| | - Anna Gruszkiewicz-Tolli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, United States
| | - Kyle R Piller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, United States
| | - Prosanta Chakrabarty
- Museum of Natural Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States
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9
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Li J, Lyu L, Wen H, Li Y, Wang X, Yao Y, Qi X. Estrogen regulates the transcription of guppy isotocin receptors. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 269:110895. [PMID: 37611819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen can regulate oxytocin receptor expression, which is mediated through estrogen receptors (ESRs) in mammals, initiating parturition. To further study the reproductive physiological process of ovoviviparous teleosts, guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were employed as the research model in the present study to identify the transcriptional regulation of ESRs on isotocin receptors (itrs). Since guppy embryos develop inside the ovary, in the present study, the levels of itrs in the ovarian stroma of pregnant female guppies treated with estradiol (E2) in vitro were tested. E2 increased only itr2 mRNA levels 3 h post-treatment, with no variation in itr1 mRNA expression levels. In vivo, pregnant guppies were immersed in different concentrations of E2, significantly increasing the relative expression levels of itr1 and itr2 in the ovary. Moreover, based on dual-fluorescence in situ hybridization (ISH), both esrs and itrs mRNAs were localized in the same cells around the embryos in the ovary. To further investigate the regulation of itr transcription by estrogen, a luciferase reporter assay was performed, and the results demonstrated that E2 treatment could induce E2-dependent repression of luciferase activity in cells transfected with ESR1. However, overexpression of ESR2a or ESR2b caused a robust ligand-independent increase in itr2 promoter activity. Deletion analysis of the itr2 promoter indicated that there were novel potential ESR transcription factor-binding sites at -360 bp upstream of the 5' end of the itr2 promoter. Overall, our study provided novel results regarding the ESRs mediating the onset of parturition in ovoviviparous teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Li
- College of Fishery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Likang Lyu
- College of Fishery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Haishen Wen
- College of Fishery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Fishery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- College of Fishery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Yijia Yao
- College of Fishery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Xin Qi
- College of Fishery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, PR China.
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10
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Prentice PM, Thornton A, Kolm N, Wilson AJ. Genetic and context-specific effects on individual inhibitory control performance in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1796-1810. [PMID: 37916730 PMCID: PMC10947024 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Among-individual variation in cognitive traits, widely assumed to have evolved under adaptive processes, is increasingly being demonstrated across animal taxa. As variation among individuals is required for natural selection, characterizing individual differences and their heritability is important to understand how cognitive traits evolve. Here, we use a quantitative genetic study of wild-type guppies repeatedly exposed to a 'detour task' to test for genetic variance in the cognitive trait of inhibitory control. We also test for genotype-by-environment interactions (GxE) by testing related fish under alternative experimental treatments (transparent vs. semi-transparent barrier in the detour-task). We find among-individual variation in detour task performance, consistent with differences in inhibitory control. However, analysis of GxE reveals that heritable factors only contribute to performance variation in one treatment. This suggests that the adaptive evolutionary potential of inhibitory control (and/or other latent variables contributing to task performance) may be highly sensitive to environmental conditions. The presence of GxE also implies that the plastic response of detour task performance to treatment environment is genetically variable. Our results are consistent with a scenario where variation in individual inhibitory control stems from complex interactions between heritable and plastic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M. Prentice
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
- SRUC, Easter Bush, Roslin Institute BuildingMidlothianUK
| | - Alex Thornton
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of ZoologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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11
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Cerepaka C, Schlupp I. Sperm specificity and potential paternal effects in gynogenesis in the Amazon Molly ( Poecilia formosa). PeerJ 2023; 11:e16118. [PMID: 37941935 PMCID: PMC10629382 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Amazon Molly (Poecilia formosa) reproduces by gynogenesis, a relatively rare form of asexual reproduction where sperm is required to trigger embryogenesis, but male genes are not incorporated into the genome of the embryo. Studying gynogenesis could isolate paternal non-genetic effects on reproduction. This study explored which of eleven related species can produce sperm to trigger gynogenesis through natural mating in P. formosa, and whether sympatry affects reproductive success in P. formosa. Reproductive outcomes measured were relative reproductive output (number of offspring in the first brood divided by female standard length), relative embryo output (number of embryos in the first brood divided by female standard length) and combined relative reproductive output (sum of relative reproductive output and relative embryo output). For large (>4 cm) P. formosa, combined relative reproductive output was higher with sympatric Atlantic Molly (Poecilia mexicana) males than with allopatric P. mexicana males. P. formosa produced live offspring or late-stage embryos with all species tested in the genera Poecilia and Limia but did not produce offspring or embryos with males from the genera Gambusia, Girardinus, Heterandria, Poeciliopsis, or Xiphophorus. This information, as well as the limitations characterized in this study, will set a foundation for use of P. formosa as a model for paternal effects and the species specificity of sperm on fertilization, embryogenesis, and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Cerepaka
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Lab Animal Resource Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
- International Stock Center for Livebearing Fishes, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
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12
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Morbiato E, Cattelan S, Pilastro A, Grapputo A. Sperm production is negatively associated with muscle and sperm telomere length in a species subjected to strong sperm competition. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5812-5822. [PMID: 37792396 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Life-history theory suggests that ageing is one of the costs of reproduction. Accordingly, a higher reproductive allocation is expected to increase the deterioration of both the somatic and the germinal lines through enhanced telomere attrition. In most species, males' reproductive allocation mainly regards traits that increase mating and fertilization success, that is sexually selected traits. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a higher investment in sexually selected traits is associated with a reduced relative telomere length (RTL) in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), an ectotherm species characterized by strong pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection. We first measured telomere length in both the soma and the sperm over guppies' lifespan to see whether there was any variation in telomere length associated with age. Second, we investigated whether a greater investment in pre- and postcopulatory sexually selected traits is linked to shorter telomere length in both the somatic and the sperm germinal lines, and in young and old males. We found that telomeres lengthened with age in the somatic tissue, but there was no age-dependent variation in telomere length in the sperm cells. Telomere length in guppies was significantly and negatively correlated with sperm production in both tissues and life stages considered in this study. Our findings indicate that telomere length in male guppies is strongly associated with their reproductive investment (sperm production), suggesting that a trade-off between reproduction and maintenance is occurring at each stage of males' life in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Morbiato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Cattelan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Fritz Lipmann Institute - Leibniz Institute on Aging, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Pilastro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grapputo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
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Zhang Y, Reynoso Y, Reznick D, Wang X. Whole Genome Assembly and Annotation of Blackstripe Livebearer Poeciliopsis prolifica. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad195. [PMID: 37949830 PMCID: PMC10655195 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The blackstripe livebearer Poeciliopsis prolifica is a live-bearing fish belonging to the family Poeciliidae with high level of postfertilization maternal investment (matrotrophy). This viviparous matrotrophic species has evolved a structure similarly to the mammalian placenta. Placentas have independently evolved multiple times in Poeciliidae from nonplacental ancestors, which provide an opportunity to study the placental evolution. However, there is a lack of high-quality reference genomes for the placental species in Poeciliidae. In this study, we present a 674 Mb assembly of P. prolifica in 504 contigs with excellent continuity (contig N50 7.7 Mb) and completeness (97.2% Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs [BUSCO] completeness score, including 92.6% single-copy and 4.6% duplicated BUSCO score). A total of 27,227 protein-coding genes were annotated from the merged datasets based on bioinformatic prediction, RNA sequencing and homology evidence. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that P. prolifica diverged from the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) ∼19 Ma. Our research provides the necessary resources and the genomic toolkit for investigating the genetic underpinning of placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA
| | - Yuridia Reynoso
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - David Reznick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Alabama, USA
- Center for Advanced Science, Innovation and Commerce, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
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14
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Ryan K, Greenway R, Landers J, Arias-Rodriguez L, Tobler M, Kelley JL. Selection on standing genetic variation mediates convergent evolution in extremophile fish. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5042-5054. [PMID: 37548336 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic gas that disrupts numerous biological processes, including energy production in the mitochondria, yet fish in the Poecilia mexicana species complex have independently evolved sulfide tolerance several times. Despite clear evidence for convergence at the phenotypic level in these fishes, it is unclear if the repeated evolution of hydrogen sulfide tolerance is the result of similar genomic changes. To address this gap, we used a targeted capture approach to sequence genes associated with sulfide processes and toxicity from five sulfidic and five nonsulfidic populations in the species complex. By comparing sequence variation in candidate genes to a reference set, we identified similar population structure and differentiation, suggesting that patterns of variation in most genes associated with sulfide processes and toxicity are due to demographic history and not selection. But the presence of tree discordance for a subset of genes suggests that several loci are evolving divergently between ecotypes. We identified two differentiation outlier genes that are associated with sulfide detoxification in the mitochondria that have signatures of selection in all five sulfidic populations. Further investigation into these regions identified long, shared haplotypes among sulfidic populations. Together, these results reveal that selection on standing genetic variation in putatively adaptive genes may be driving phenotypic convergence in this species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Ryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Ryan Greenway
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Jake Landers
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Lenin Arias-Rodriguez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Michael Tobler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Joanna L Kelley
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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15
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Przesmycka K, Herdegen-Radwan M, Phillips KP, Mohammed RS, Radwan J. The quest for good genes: Epigamic traits, fitness, MHC and multilocus heterozygosity in the guppy. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:5055-5070. [PMID: 37492990 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The 'good genes' hypothesis for the evolution of male secondary sexual traits poses that female preferences for such traits are driven by indirect genetic benefits. However, support for the hypothesis remains ambiguous, and, in particular, the genetic basis for the benefits has rarely been investigated. Here, we use seminatural populations of Trinidadian guppies to investigate whether sexually selected traits (orange, black and iridescent colouration, gonopodium length and body size) predict fitness measured as the number of grandoffspring, a metric that integrates across fitness components and sexes. Furthermore, we tested whether two potential sources of genetic benefits-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotypes and multilocus heterozygosity (MLH)-are significant predictors of fitness and of the size of sexually selected traits. We found a significant, nonlinear effect of the area of black pigmentation and male body size on the number of grandoffspring, suggesting stabilizing selection on black area, and nonlinear selection favouring small body size. MLH was heritable (h2 = 0.14) and significantly predicted the number of grandoffspring, indicating the potential for genetic benefits based on heterozygosity. We also found support for local heterozygosity effects, which may reflect a noneven distribution of genetic load across the genome. MHC genotype was not significantly associated with any tested fitness component, or with the load of Gyrodactylus parasites. Neither MHC nor MLH was significant predictor of sexually selected traits. Overall, our results highlight the role of heterozygosity in determining fitness, but do not provide support for male sexually selected traits being indicators of genetic quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Przesmycka
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Karl P Phillips
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Ryan S Mohammed
- Department of Biology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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16
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Lin Y, Darolti I, van der Bijl W, Morris J, Mank JE. Extensive variation in germline de novo mutations in Poecilia reticulata. Genome Res 2023; 33:1317-1324. [PMID: 37442578 PMCID: PMC10547258 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277936.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The rate of germline mutation is fundamental to evolutionary processes, as it generates the variation upon which selection acts. The guppy, Poecilia reticulata, is a model of rapid adaptation, however the relative contribution of standing genetic variation versus de novo mutation (DNM) to evolution in this species remains unclear. Here, we use pedigree-based approaches to quantify and characterize germline DNMs in three large guppy families. Our results suggest germline mutation rate in the guppy varies substantially across individuals and families. Most DNMs are shared across multiple siblings, suggesting they arose during early embryonic development. DNMs are randomly distributed throughout the genome, and male-biased mutation rate is low, as would be expected from the short guppy generation time. Overall, our study shows remarkable variation in germline mutation rate and provides insights into rapid evolution of guppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Lin
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Iulia Darolti
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wouter van der Bijl
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jake Morris
- School of Biological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Judith E Mank
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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17
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Darolti I, Fong LJM, Sandkam BA, Metzger DCH, Mank JE. Sex chromosome heteromorphism and the Fast-X effect in poeciliids. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:4599-4609. [PMID: 37309716 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fast-X evolution has been observed in a range of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. However, it remains unclear how early in the process of sex chromosome differentiation the Fast-X effect becomes detectible. Recently, we uncovered an extreme variation in sex chromosome heteromorphism across poeciliid fish species. The common guppy, Poecilia reticulata, Endler's guppy, P. wingei, swamp guppy, P. picta and para guppy, P. parae, appear to share the same XY system and exhibit a remarkable range of heteromorphism. Species outside this group lack this sex chromosome system. We combined analyses of sequence divergence and polymorphism data across poeciliids to investigate X chromosome evolution as a function of hemizygosity and reveal the causes for Fast-X effects. Consistent with the extent of Y degeneration in each species, we detect higher rates of divergence on the X relative to autosomes, a signal of Fast-X evolution, in P. picta and P. parae, species with high levels of X hemizygosity in males. In P. reticulata, which exhibits largely homomorphic sex chromosomes and little evidence of hemizygosity, we observe no change in the rate of evolution of X-linked relative to autosomal genes. In P. wingei, the species with intermediate sex chromosome differentiation, we see an increase in the rate of nonsynonymous substitutions on the older stratum of divergence only. We also use our comparative approach to test for the time of origin of the sex chromosomes in this clade. Taken together, our study reveals an important role of hemizygosity in Fast-X evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Darolti
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lydia J M Fong
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin A Sandkam
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - David C H Metzger
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Judith E Mank
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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18
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Fong LJM, Darolti I, Metzger DCH, Morris J, Lin Y, Sandkam BA, Mank JE. Evolutionary History of the Poecilia picta Sex Chromosomes. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad030. [PMID: 36802329 PMCID: PMC10003743 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The degree of divergence between the sex chromosomes is not always proportional to their age. In poeciliids, four closely related species all exhibit a male heterogametic sex chromosome system on the same linkage group, yet show a remarkable diversity in X and Y divergence. In Poecilia reticulata and P. wingei, the sex chromosomes remain homomorphic, yet P. picta and P. parae have a highly degraded Y chromosome. To test alternative theories about the origin of their sex chromosomes, we used a combination of pedigrees and RNA-seq data from P. picta families in conjunction with DNA-seq data collected from P. reticulata, P. wingei, P. parae, and P. picta. Phylogenetic clustering analysis of X and Y orthologs, identified through segregation patterns, and their orthologous sequences in closely related species demonstrates a similar time of origin for both the P. picta and P. reticulata sex chromosomes. We next used k-mer analysis to identify shared ancestral Y sequence across all four species, suggesting a single origin to the sex chromosome system in this group. Together, our results provide key insights into the origin and evolution of the poeciliid Y chromosome and illustrate that the rate of sex chromosome divergence is often highly heterogenous, even over relatively short evolutionary time frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia J M Fong
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Iulia Darolti
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - David C H Metzger
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jake Morris
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yuying Lin
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Judith E Mank
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada
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19
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Piazza CE, Mattos JJ, Brocardo GS, Bainy ACD. Effects of 4-n-nonylphenol in liver of male and female viviparous fish (Poecilia vivipara). Chemosphere 2022; 308:136565. [PMID: 36152831 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
4-n-Nonylphenol (NP) is one of the most toxic alkylphenols found in the environment. To evaluate the transcriptional effects of NP in the viviparous fish Poecilia vivipara, a hepatic transcriptome and qPCR analysis of genes were carried out. Guppies separated by sex were injected with two doses of NP (15 μg/g and 150 μg/g) or peanut oil (control). After 24 h, analysis of transcriptional level of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), Estrogen Nuclear Receptor Alpha (ESR1), Pregnane X Receptor (PXR), Cytochromes P450 (CYP1A, CYP2K1 and CYP3A30), Glutathione S-transferase A3 and Mu 3 (GSTa3 and GSTMu3), SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9), Vitellogenin-1 (VIT), ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 1 (ABCC1), Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 (MRP2) and UDP Glucuronosyltransferase Family 1 Member A1 (UGT1A1) was evaluated. 205,046 transcripts were assembled and protein prediction resulted in 203,147 predicted peptides. In females, no significant changes were detected in the transcription of some phase I biotransformation and ABC transporter genes. AhR, PXR, GSTa3 and SOX9 genes where higher in the lower dose group (15 μg/g) compared to control. In male fish, no changes were observed in the transcript levels of the nuclear receptors, in endocrine disruption and phase I biotransformation genes. GSTa3 showed lower transcription in fish treated with both doses. ABCC1 was higher in guppies treated with the lower dose while MRP2 showed less transcripts. This short-term and low-dose exposure to NP caused changes that could serve as early indicators of deleterious processes. These results indicate P. vivipara as a good sentinel in biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clei E Piazza
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Jacó J Mattos
- Aquaculture Pathology Research Center - NEPAQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Giulia S Brocardo
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88034-257, Brazil
| | - Afonso C D Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88034-257, Brazil.
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20
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Hou Y, Wang LJ, Jin YH, Guo RY, Yang L, Li EC, Zhang JL. Triphenyltin exposure induced abnormal morphological colouration in adult male guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 242:113912. [PMID: 35905627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fish morphological colouration is essential for their survival and reproduction success; however, it is vulnerable to environmental factors, such as pollutants. Triphenyltin (TPT) is widespread in aquatic ecosystems, and its impacts on fish have been problematic. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of TPT at environment-related concentrations (0, 1, 10 and 100 ng Sn/L) on morphological colouration in male guppies (Poecilia reticulata). The results showed that TPT exposure affected both orange/red and dark morphological colouration in guppies. The faded orange/red colouration might be related to the decrease of coloured pteridine and Pts (6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin Synthase) expression. In addition, TPT exposure induced melanogenesis, however, much melanin was distributed diffusely in the skin and did not seem to form a spot pattern, giving the fish a dull appearance. According to the skin transcriptional profiles, the changes of dark morphological colouration might be related to the changes in genes related to the functions of melanosome components (Gpnmb, Slc45a2 and Tyr), construction (Ap3d1, Fig4, Hps3, Hps5, Lyst, Rabggta, Txndc5 and Vps33a), and transport (Rab27a). Additionally, genes related to the regulation of melanogenesis (Atrn and Pomc) and system effects (Atox1, Atp6ap2, Atp6v1f, Atp6v1h, Rpl24, Rps19 and Rps20) might also be involved in the molecular mechanisms of abnormal morphological colouration induced by TPT. The present study provides crucial data on the molecular basis of abnormal morphological colouration in fish exposed to TPT and underscores the importance of toxicological studies of the effects of pollutants in aquatic environments on fish morphological colouration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ying-Hong Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Rui-Ying Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Er-Chao Li
- College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ji-Liang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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21
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Li X, Wang J, Ba W, Zhang S, Lin Z, Gao M, Tian H, Ru S. Mechanistic revealing of reproductive behavior impairment in male guppy (Poecilia reticulata) induced by environmentally realistic 2,2'-dithiobis-pyridine exposure. Chemosphere 2022; 286:131839. [PMID: 34403901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although (PS)2, the primary degradation product of emerging antifouling biocides metal pyrithiones (MePTs), can disrupt the reproductive behavior of fish at an environmentally relevant ng/L level, the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown. This study exposed sexually mature male guppy (Poecilia reticulata) to 20, 200, and 2000 ng/L (PS)2 to explore the compromised effect of (PS)2 on reproductive behavior through a realistic competing scenario. The results showed that (PS)2 suppressed male guppies' sexual interest to stimulus females, reduced their competitive behavior frequencies toward rival males, and decreased their mating time and frequency. (PS)2 exposure did not affect male guppies' secondary sexual characteristics or induce estrogenic activity. Whole-brain transcriptome sequencing identified 1070 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 872 up-regulated genes, which were functionally enriched into Gene Ontology terms pertaining to extracellular matrix (ECM) and extracellular region. KEGG enrichment for the DEGs uncovered that the activations of ECM-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways could be the underlying molecular mechanism implicated in the (PS)2 induced reproductive behavior impairment. This work would deliver a substantial contribution to the understanding of the ecological safety of MePTs biocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefu Li
- Colleges of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Colleges of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Wanyu Ba
- Colleges of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Suqiu Zhang
- Colleges of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, China
| | - Zhenxian Lin
- School of Biology and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, 525 Dongyue Street, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong province, China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Colleges of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, China.
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- Colleges of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong province, China
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22
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Abstract
The sex chromosome pairs of many species do not undergo genetic recombination, unlike the autosomes. It has been proposed that the suppressed recombination results from natural selection favouring close linkage between sex-determining genes and mutations on this chromosome with advantages in one sex, but disadvantages in the other (these are called sexually antagonistic mutations). No example of such selection leading to suppressed recombination has been described, but populations of the guppy display sexually antagonistic mutations (affecting male coloration), and would be expected to evolve suppressed recombination. In extant close relatives of the guppy, the Y chromosomes have suppressed recombination, and have lost all the genes present on the X (this is called genetic degeneration). However, the guppy Y occasionally recombines with its X, despite carrying sexually antagonistic mutations. We describe evidence that a new Y evolved recently in the guppy, from an X chromosome like that in these relatives, replacing the old, degenerated Y, and explaining why the guppy pair still recombine. The male coloration factors probably arose after the new Y evolved, and have already evolved expression that is confined to males, a different way to avoid the conflict between the sexes. We report new findings concerning the long-studied the guppy XY pair, which has remained somewhat mystifying. We show that it can be understood as a case of a recent sex chromosome turnover event in which an older, highly degenerated Y chromosome was lost, and creation of a new sex chromosome from the ancestral X. This chromosome acquired a male-determining factor, possibly by a mutation in (or a duplication of) a previously X-linked gene, or (less likely) by movement of an ancestral Y-linked maleness factor onto the X. We relate the findings to theoretical models of such events, and argue that the proposed change was free from factors thought to impede such turnovers. The change resulted in the intriguing situation where the X chromosome is old and the Y is much younger, and we discuss some other species where a similar change seems likely to have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Charlesworth
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Roberta Bergero
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chay Graham
- University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Gardner
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Keegan
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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23
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Chen X, Gong H, Chi H, Xu B, Zheng Z, Bai Y. Gill Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Difference in Gene Expression Between Freshwater and Seawater Acclimated Guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2021; 23:615-627. [PMID: 34426939 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) can adapt to a wide range of salinity changes. To investigate the gene expression changes in the guppy exposed to seawater, we characterized its gill transcriptome using RNA sequencing. Experimental fish were exposed to salinity increase from 0 to 30‰ within 4 days, while control fish were cultured in freshwater (0‰ salinity). Seven days after salinity exposure, the gills were sampled and the mortality within 2 weeks was recorded. No significant difference in the cumulative mortality at the second week was found between the two groups. Transcriptomic analysis identified 3477 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1067 upregulated and 2410 downregulated genes. These DEGs were enriched in several biological processes, including ion transport, ion homeostasis, ATP biosynthetic process, metabolic process, and immune system process. Oxidative phosphorylation was the most activated pathway. DEGs involved in the pathway "endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated phagocytosis," "starch and sucrose metabolism," and "steroid biosynthesis" were mainly downregulated; chemokines and interleukins involved in "cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" were differentially expressed. The present results suggested that oxidative phosphorylation had essential roles in osmoregulation in the gills of seawater acclimated guppy, during which the decline in the expression of genes encoding V-ATPases and calreticulin had a negative effect on the phagocytosis and immune response. Besides, several metabolic processes including "starch and sucrose metabolism" and "steroid biosynthesis" were affected. This study elucidates transcriptomic changes in osmotic regulation, metabolism, and immunity in seawater acclimated guppy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Chen
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Hongshu Chi
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Binfu Xu
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zaiyu Zheng
- Biotechnology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yulin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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24
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Whiting JR, Paris JR, van der Zee MJ, Parsons PJ, Weigel D, Fraser BA. Drainage-structuring of ancestral variation and a common functional pathway shape limited genomic convergence in natural high- and low-predation guppies. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009566. [PMID: 34029313 PMCID: PMC8177651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of convergence in wild populations have been instrumental in understanding adaptation by providing strong evidence for natural selection. At the genetic level, we are beginning to appreciate that the re-use of the same genes in adaptation occurs through different mechanisms and can be constrained by underlying trait architectures and demographic characteristics of natural populations. Here, we explore these processes in naturally adapted high- (HP) and low-predation (LP) populations of the Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata. As a model for phenotypic change this system provided some of the earliest evidence of rapid and repeatable evolution in vertebrates; the genetic basis of which has yet to be studied at the whole-genome level. We collected whole-genome sequencing data from ten populations (176 individuals) representing five independent HP-LP river pairs across the three main drainages in Northern Trinidad. We evaluate population structure, uncovering several LP bottlenecks and variable between-river introgression that can lead to constraints on the sharing of adaptive variation between populations. Consequently, we found limited selection on common genes or loci across all drainages. Using a pathway type analysis, however, we find evidence of repeated selection on different genes involved in cadherin signaling. Finally, we found a large repeatedly selected haplotype on chromosome 20 in three rivers from the same drainage. Taken together, despite limited sharing of adaptive variation among rivers, we found evidence of convergent evolution associated with HP-LP environments in pathways across divergent drainages and at a previously unreported candidate haplotype within a drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Whiting
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Paul J. Parsons
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bonnie A. Fraser
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Jia J, Gomes-Silva G, Plath M, Pereira BB, UeiraVieira C, Wang Z. Shifts in bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes in surface water and gut microbiota of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in the upper Rio Uberabinha, Brazil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 211:111955. [PMID: 33497859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities especially water pollution can affect the diversity and composition of microbial communities and promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, water samples and guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were sampled from six sampling sites along the Uberabinha River in southeastern Brazil, both microbial communities and ARGs of surface waters and intestinal microbiota of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were detected. According to the results of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were dominant phyla in both water and intestinal microbiota, but the abundance of putative pathogens was higher at heavily polluted sites. Up to 83% of bacteria in intestinal microbiota originated from water microbiota; this proportion was relatively higher in less polluted compared to polluted environments. ARGs providing resistance of tetracyclines and quinolones were dominant in both water and gut microbiota. The relative abundances of class I integrons and ARGs were as high as 1.74 × 10-1/16S rRNA copies and 3.61 × 10-1/16S rRNA copies, respectively, at heavily polluted sites. Correlation analysis suggests that integrons and bacteria play key roles in explaining the widespread occurrence of ARGs in the surface, but not in intestinal microbiota. We could rule out the class I integrons a potential intermediary bridge for ARGs between both types of microbiomes. Our results highlight the tight link in microbial communities and ARGs between ambient microbiota of stream ecosystems and intestinal microbiota of fish. Our study could have far-reaching consequences for fisheries and consumer safety and calls for investigations of gut microbiota of target species of both commercial fisheries and recreational (hobby) angling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guilherme Gomes-Silva
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Martin Plath
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- Institute of Geography, Department of Environmental Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Santa Mônica Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 34.408-100, Brazil; Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 34.408-100, Brazil
| | - Carlos UeiraVieira
- Institute of Geography, Department of Environmental Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Santa Mônica Campus, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais 34.408-100, Brazil
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Abstract
AbstractKin recognition plays an important role in social behavior and evolution, but the proximate mechanisms by which individuals recognize kin remain poorly understood. In many species, individuals form a "kin template" that they compare with conspecifics' phenotypes to assess phenotypic similarity-and, by association, relatedness. Individuals may form a kin template through self-inspection (i.e., self-referencing) and/or by observing their rearing associates (i.e., family referencing). However, despite much interest, few empirical studies have successfully disentangled self-referencing and family referencing. Here, we employ a novel set of breeding crosses using the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata) to disentangle referencing systems by manipulating exposure to kin from conception onward. We show that guppies discriminate among their full and maternal half siblings, which can be explained only by self-referencing. Additional behavioral experiments revealed no evidence that guppies incorporate the phenotypes of their broodmates or mother into the kin template. Finally, by manipulating the format of our behavioral tests, we show that olfactory communication is both necessary and sufficient for kin discrimination. These results provide robust evidence that individuals recognize kin by comparing the olfactory phenotypes of conspecifics with their own. This study resolves key questions about the proximate mechanisms underpinning kin recognition, with implications for the ontogeny and evolution of social behavior.
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Saaristo M, Craft JA, Tyagi S, Johnstone CP, Allinson M, Ibrahim KS, Wong BBM. Transcriptome-wide changes associated with the reproductive behaviour of male guppies exposed to 17α-ethinyl estradiol. Environ Pollut 2021; 270:116286. [PMID: 33360600 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although many pharmaceutical compounds (and their metabolites) can induce harmful impacts at the molecular, physiological and behavioural levels, their underlying mechanistic associations have remained largely unexplored. Here, we utilized RNA-Seq to build a whole brain transcriptome profile to examine the impact of a common endocrine disrupting pharmaceutical (17α-ethinyl estradiol, EE2) on reproductive behaviour in wild guppies (Poecilia reticulata). Specifically, we annotated 16,791 coding transcripts in whole brain tissue in relation to the courtship behaviour (i.e. sigmoid display) of EE2 exposed (at environmentally relevant concentration of 8 ng/L for 28-days) and unexposed guppies. Further, we obtained 10,960 assembled transcripts matching in the non-coding orthologous genomes. Behavioural responses were assessed using a standard mate choice experiment, which allowed us to disentangle chemical cues from visual cues. We found that a high proportion of the RNAseq reads aligned back to our de novo assembled transcriptome with 80.59% mapping rate. Behavioural experiments showed that when males were presented only with female visual cues, there was a significant interaction between male treatment and female treatment in the time spent in the preference zone. This is one of the first studies to show that transcriptome-wide changes are associated with the reproductive behaviour of fish: EE2 exposed male guppies that performed high levels of courtship had a gene profile that deviated the most from the other treatment groups, while both non-courting EE2 and control males had similar gene signatures. Using Gene Ontology pathway analysis, our study shows that EE2-exposed males had gene transcripts enriched for pathways associated with altered immunity, starvation, altered metabolism and spermatogenesis. Our study demonstrates that multiple gene networks orchestrate courting behaviour, emphasizing the importance of investigating impacts of pharmaceuticals on gene networks instead of single genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Saaristo
- EPA Victoria, Water Sciences, Melbourne, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia; Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Finland.
| | - John A Craft
- Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
| | - Sonika Tyagi
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | | | - Mayumi Allinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Khalid S Ibrahim
- Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK; Department of Biology, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Australia
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Konczal M, Przesmycka KJ, Mohammed RS, Hahn C, Cable J, Radwan J. Expansion of frozen hybrids in the guppy ectoparasite, Gyrodactylus turnbulli. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1005-1016. [PMID: 33345416 PMCID: PMC7986700 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization is one of the major factors contributing to the emergence of highly successful parasites. Hybrid vigour can play an important role in this process, but subsequent rounds of recombination in the hybrid population may dilute its effects. Increased fitness of hybrids can, however, be frozen by asexual reproduction. Here, we identify invasion of a 'frozen hybrid' genotype in natural populations of Gyrodactylus turnbulli, a facultatively sexual ectoparasitic flatworm that causes significant damage to its fish host. We resequenced genomes of these parasites infecting guppies from six Trinidad and Tobago populations, and found surprisingly high discrepancy in genome-wide nucleotide diversity between islands. The elevated heterozygosity on Tobago is maintained by predominantly clonal reproduction of hybrids formed from two diverged genomes. Hybridization has been followed by spread of the hybrids across the island, implying a selective advantage compared with native genotypes. Our results thus highlight that a single outcrossing event may be independently sufficient to cause pathogen expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Konczal
- Faculty of BiologyEvolutionary Biology GroupAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznańPoland
| | | | - Ryan S. Mohammed
- Department of Life SciencesFaculty of Science and TechnologyThe University of the West Indies Zoology Museum, UWISt. AugustineTrinidad and Tobago
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Jo Cable
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Faculty of BiologyEvolutionary Biology GroupAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznańPoland
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Abstract
The guppy sex chromosomes show an extraordinary diversity in divergence across populations and closely related species. In order to understand the dynamics of the guppy Y chromosome, we used linked-read sequencing to assess Y chromosome evolution and diversity across upstream and downstream population pairs that vary in predator and food abundance in three replicate watersheds. Based on our population-specific genome assemblies, we first confirmed and extended earlier reports of two strata on the guppy sex chromosomes. Stratum I shows significant accumulation of male-specific sequence, consistent with Y divergence, and predates the colonization of Trinidad. In contrast, Stratum II shows divergence from the X, but no Y-specific sequence, and this divergence is greater in three replicate upstream populations compared with their downstream pair. Despite longstanding assumptions that sex chromosome recombination suppression is achieved through inversions, we find no evidence of inversions associated with either Stratum I or Stratum II. Instead, we observe a remarkable diversity in Y chromosome haplotypes within each population, even in the ancestral Stratum I. This diversity is likely due to gradual mechanisms of recombination suppression, which, unlike an inversion, allow for the maintenance of multiple haplotypes. In addition, we show that this Y diversity is dominated by low-frequency haplotypes segregating in the population, suggesting a link between haplotype diversity and female preference for rare Y-linked color variation. Our results reveal the complex interplay between recombination suppression and Y chromosome divergence at the earliest stages of sex chromosome divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Almeida
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin A Sandkam
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jake Morris
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iulia Darolti
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Felix Breden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Judith E Mank
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Potter T, Bassar RD, Bentzen P, Ruell EW, Torres-Dowdall J, Handelsman CA, Ghalambor CK, Travis J, Reznick DN, Coulson T. Environmental Change, If Unaccounted, Prevents Detection of Cryptic Evolution in a Wild Population. Am Nat 2021; 197:29-46. [PMID: 33417522 DOI: 10.1086/711874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDetecting contemporary evolution requires demonstrating that genetic change has occurred. Mixed effects models allow estimation of quantitative genetic parameters and are widely used to study evolution in wild populations. However, predictions of evolution based on these parameters frequently fail to match observations. Here, we applied three commonly used quantitative genetic approaches to predict the evolution of size at maturity in a wild population of Trinidadian guppies. Crucially, we tested our predictions against evolutionary change observed in common-garden experiments performed on samples from the same population. We show that standard quantitative genetic models underestimated or failed to detect the cryptic evolution of this trait as demonstrated by the common-garden experiments. The models failed because (1) size at maturity and fitness both decreased with increases in population density, (2) offspring experienced higher population densities than their parents, and (3) selection on size was strongest at high densities. When we accounted for environmental change, predictions better matched observations in the common-garden experiments, although substantial uncertainty remained. Our results demonstrate that predictions of evolution are unreliable if environmental change is not appropriately captured in models.
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Trigueiro NSDS, Gonçalves BB, Dias FC, de Oliveira Lima EC, Rocha TL, Sabóia-Morais SMT. Co-exposure of iron oxide nanoparticles and glyphosate-based herbicide induces DNA damage and mutagenic effects in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 81:103521. [PMID: 33132197 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been tested to remediate aquatic environments polluted by chemicals, such as pesticides. However, their interactive effects on aquatic organisms remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of co-exposure of IONPs (γ-Fe2O3 NPs) and glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) in the fish Poecilia reticulata. Thus, fish were exposed to citrate-functionalized γ-Fe2O3 NPs (0.3 mg L-1; 5.44 nm) alone or co-exposed to γ-Fe2O3 NPs (0.3 mg L-1) and GBH (65 and 130 μg of glyphosate L-1) during 14 and 21 days. The genotoxicity (DNA damage) was analyzed by comet assay, while the mutagenicity evaluated by micronucleus test (MN test) and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENA) frequency. The co-exposure induced clastogenic (DNA damage) and aneugenic (nuclear alterations) effects on guppies in a time-dependent pattern. Fish co-exposed to NPs and GBH (130 μg glyphosate L-1) showed high DNA damage when compared to NPs alone and control group, indicating synergic effects after 21 days of exposure. However, mutagenic effects (ENA) were observed in the exposure groups after 14 and 21 days. Results showed the potential genotoxic and mutagenic effects of maghemite NPs and GBH co-exposure to freshwater fish. The transformation and interaction of iron oxide nanoparticles with other pollutants, as herbicides, in the aquatic systems are critical factors in the environmental risk assessment of metal-based NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Silvestre de Souza Trigueiro
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bastos Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cirqueira Dias
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Simone Maria Teixeira Sabóia-Morais
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Charlesworth D, Bergero R, Graham C, Gardner J, Yong L. Locating the Sex Determining Region of Linkage Group 12 of Guppy ( Poecilia reticulata). G3 (Bethesda) 2020; 10:3639-3649. [PMID: 32753367 PMCID: PMC7534449 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite over 100 years of study, the location of the fully sex-linked region of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) carrying the male-determining locus, and the regions where the XY pair recombine, remain unclear. Previous population genomics studies to determine these regions used small samples from recently bottlenecked captive populations, which increase the false positive rate of associations between individuals' sexes and SNPs. Using new data from multiple natural populations, we show that a recently proposed candidate for this species' male-determining gene is probably not completely sex-linked, leaving the maleness factor still unidentified. Variants in the chromosome 12 region carrying the candidate gene sometimes show linkage disequilibrium with the sex-determining factor, but no consistently male-specific variant has yet been found. Our genetic mapping with molecular markers spread across chromosome 12 confirms that this is the guppy XY pair. We describe two families with recombinants between the X and Y chromosomes, which confirm that the male-determining locus is in the region identified by all previous studies, near the terminal pseudo-autosomal region (PAR), which crosses over at a very high rate in males. We correct the PAR marker order, and assign two unplaced scaffolds to the PAR. We also detect a duplication, with one copy in the male-determining region, explaining signals of sex linkage in a more proximal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Charlesworth
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, EH9 3LF, UK
| | - Roberta Bergero
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, EH9 3LF, UK
| | - Chay Graham
- University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Ct Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Jim Gardner
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, EH9 3LF, UK
| | - Lengxob Yong
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Falmouth, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
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Greenway R, Barts N, Henpita C, Brown AP, Arias Rodriguez L, Rodríguez Peña CM, Arndt S, Lau GY, Murphy MP, Wu L, Lin D, Tobler M, Kelley JL, Shaw JH. Convergent evolution of conserved mitochondrial pathways underlies repeated adaptation to extreme environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16424-16430. [PMID: 32586956 PMCID: PMC7368198 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004223117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme environments test the limits of life; yet, some organisms thrive in harsh conditions. Extremophile lineages inspire questions about how organisms can tolerate physiochemical stressors and whether the repeated colonization of extreme environments is facilitated by predictable and repeatable evolutionary innovations. We identified the mechanistic basis underlying convergent evolution of tolerance to hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-a toxicant that impairs mitochondrial function-across evolutionarily independent lineages of a fish (Poecilia mexicana, Poeciliidae) from H2S-rich springs. Using comparative biochemical and physiological analyses, we found that mitochondrial function is maintained in the presence of H2S in sulfide spring P. mexicana but not ancestral lineages from nonsulfidic habitats due to convergent adaptations in the primary toxicity target and a major detoxification enzyme. Genome-wide local ancestry analyses indicated that convergent evolution of increased H2S tolerance in different populations is likely caused by a combination of selection on standing genetic variation and de novo mutations. On a macroevolutionary scale, H2S tolerance in 10 independent lineages of sulfide spring fishes across multiple genera of Poeciliidae is correlated with the convergent modification and expression changes in genes associated with H2S toxicity and detoxification. Our results demonstrate that the modification of highly conserved physiological pathways associated with essential mitochondrial processes mediates tolerance to physiochemical stress. In addition, the same pathways, genes, and-in some instances-codons are implicated in H2S adaptation in lineages that span 40 million years of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Greenway
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Nick Barts
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Chathurika Henpita
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Anthony P Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163
| | - Lenin Arias Rodriguez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, 86150, Mexico
| | - Carlos M Rodríguez Peña
- Instituto de Investigaciones Botánicas y Zoológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, 10105, Dominican Republic
| | - Sabine Arndt
- Medical Research Council - Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Gigi Y Lau
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council - Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Michael Tobler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506;
| | - Joanna L Kelley
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163;
| | - Jennifer H Shaw
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078;
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Piazza CE, Mattos JJ, de Toledo-Silva G, Flores-Nunes F, Tadra-Sfeir MZ, Trevisan R, Bittencourt AC, Bícego MC, Taniguchi S, Marques MRF, Dafré AL, Bianchini A, Souza EMD, Bainy ACD. Transcriptional effects in the estuarine guppy Poecilia vivipara exposed to sanitary sewage in laboratory and in situ. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 182:109411. [PMID: 31299475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The urban growth has increased sanitary sewage discharges in coastal ecosystems, negatively affecting the aquatic biota. Mangroves, one of the most human-affected coastal biomes, are areas for reproduction and nursing of several species. In order to evaluate the effects of sanitary sewage effluents in mangrove species, this study assessed the hepatic transcriptional responses of guppy fish Poecilia vivipara exposed to sanitary sewage 33% (v:v), using suppressive subtraction hybridization (SSH), high throughput sequencing of RNA (Ion-proton) and quantification of transcript levels by qPCR of some identified genes in fish kept in a sewage-contaminated environment. Genes identified are related predominantly to xenobiotic biotransformation, immune system and sexual differentiation. The qPCR results confirmed the induction of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), glutathione S transferase A-like (GST A-like) methyltransferase (MET) and UDP glycosyltransferase 1A (UDPGT1A), and repression of complement component C3 (C3), doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1), and transferrin (TF) in the laboratory experiment. In the field exposure, the transcript levels of CYP1A, DMRT1, MET, GST A-like and UDPGT1A were higher in fishes exposed at the contaminated sites compared to the reference site. Chemical analysis in fish from the laboratory and in situ experiments, and surface sediment from the sewage-contaminated sites revealed relevant levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs). These data reinforce the use of P. vivipara as a sentinel for monitoring environmental contamination in coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clei Endrigo Piazza
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jacó Joaquim Mattos
- Aquaculture Pathology Research, NEPAQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Toledo-Silva
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Cell Biology, Embriology and Genetics Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Flores-Nunes
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Trevisan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Arnaldo Cechinel Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Márcia Caruso Bícego
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Risoleta Freire Marques
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alcir Luiz Dafré
- Laboratory of Cellular Defenses, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Foundation, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Afonso Celso Dias Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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35
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Marhounová L, Kotrschal A, Kverková K, Kolm N, Němec P. Artificial selection on brain size leads to matching changes in overall number of neurons. Evolution 2019; 73:2003-2012. [PMID: 31339177 PMCID: PMC6772110 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are the basic computational units of the brain, but brain size is the predominant surrogate measure of brain functional capacity in comparative and cognitive neuroscience. This approach is based on the assumption that larger brains harbor higher numbers of neurons and their connections, and therefore have a higher information-processing capacity. However, recent studies have shown that brain mass may be less strongly correlated with neuron counts than previously thought. Till now, no experimental test has been conducted to examine the relationship between evolutionary changes in brain size and the number of brain neurons. Here, we provide such a test by comparing neuron number in artificial selection lines of female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) with >15% difference in relative brain mass and numerous previously demonstrated cognitive differences. Using the isotropic fractionator, we demonstrate that large-brained females have a higher overall number of neurons than small-brained females, but similar neuronal densities. Importantly, this difference holds also for the telencephalon, a key region for cognition. Our study provides the first direct experimental evidence that selection for brain mass leads to matching changes in number of neurons and shows that brain size evolution is intimately linked to the evolution of neuron number and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Marhounová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceCharles University12844PragueCzech Republic
| | - Alexander Kotrschal
- Behavioural Ecology GroupDepartment of Animal Sciences6708wdWageningenNetherlands
- Department of Zoology/EthologyStockholm University10691StockholmSweden
| | - Kristina Kverková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceCharles University12844PragueCzech Republic
| | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of Zoology/EthologyStockholm University10691StockholmSweden
| | - Pavel Němec
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of ScienceCharles University12844PragueCzech Republic
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Gösser F, Schartl M, García-De León FJ, Tollrian R, Lampert KP. Red Queen revisited: Immune gene diversity and parasite load in the asexual Poecilia formosa versus its sexual host species P. mexicana. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219000. [PMID: 31269085 PMCID: PMC6608962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with the Red Queen hypothesis, the lower genotypic diversity in clonally reproducing species should make them easier targets for pathogen infection, especially when closely related sexually reproducing species occur in close proximity. We analyzed two populations of clonal P. formosa and their sexual parental species P. mexicana by correlating individual parasite infection with overall and immune genotype. Our study revealed lower levels of overall genotypic diversity and marginally fewer MHC class I alleles in P. formosa individuals compared to sexually reproducing P. mexicana. Parasite load, however, differed only between field sites but not between species. We hypothesize that this might be due to slightly higher genotypic diversity in P. formosa at the innate immune system (toll like receptor 8) which is likely due to the species’ hybrid origin. In consequence, it appears that clonal individuals do not necessarily suffer a disadvantage compared to sexual individuals when fighting parasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Gösser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Francisco J. García-De León
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR, S.C.), Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, BCS, México
| | - Ralph Tollrian
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail: (KPL); (RT)
| | - Kathrin P. Lampert
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail: (KPL); (RT)
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Poh KB, Roslan ZM, Misnan R, Sinang SC. Characterization and expression of Xiphophorus maculatus microsatellite Msb069 full sequence in subgenus Poecilia. J Genet 2018; 97:817-824. [PMID: 30262693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Msb069 primer pairs encompassed region is believed to be associated with a quantitative trait loci (QTL) of dorsal fin length in subgenus Poecilia. However, detailed investigation on Msb069 which originated from Xiphophorus on subgenus Poecilia remains unexplored. In this study, full sequence of Msb069 was characterized by sequencing bioinformatics analysis and gene expression. The sequence analysis of Msb069 primer pairs encompassed region on three species of Poecilia revealed higher number of microsatellite tandem repeats in Poecilia latipinna (ATG16) compared to P. sphenops (ATG13-14). There is no notable pattern of ATGtandem repeats discovered in the hybrids. The full sequence of Msb069 is 734 bp in length and showed a 233 bp conserved region between Xiphophorus and Poecilia. BLAST search performed on this sequence revealed no significant similarities. Nonquantitative RT-PCR exhibited the presence of Msb069 transcripts in three different tissues in subgenus Poecilia. Meanwhile, quantitative RTPCR expression on two different tissues showed relatively higher expression of Msb069 transcript in P. latipinna dorsal fin tissues in both male and female fishes, suggesting a repressive function of this transcript with respect to dorsal fin length. However the exact gene expression event of Msb069 is still unknown and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keong Bun Poh
- Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Department of Biology, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
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38
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Murawala H, Patel S, Ranadive I, Desai I, Balakrishnan S. Variation in expression and activity pattern of mmp2 and mmp9 on different time scales in the regenerating caudal fin of Poecilia latipinna. J Fish Biol 2018; 92:1604-1619. [PMID: 29633266 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Alteration in the expression pattern of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 was studied in the regenerating caudal fin of Poecilia latipinna immediately following amputation until the new tissues gained structural integrity. Timed expression pattern of these two MMPs was studied at enzyme, transcript as well as protein levels. Additionally, both the gelatinases were localized in the regenerating caudal fin during three specific stages of regeneration. The results revealed a progressive increase in the expression of MMP2 starting at 1 h post amputation (hpa), indicating its possible role in the remodelling of extracellular matrix early on during caudal-fin regeneration. Nevertheless, a reduction in transcript level expression of MMP2 at 6 hpa and 12 hpa stages, points towards a possible transcriptional regulation, to further moderate its activity. As observed in the case of MMP2, expression of MMP9 too increased from 1 hpa and remained elevated until 5 dpa. However, the active MMP9 revealed its presence only 12 hpa onwards. Moreover, both the gelatinases were localised in the apical epithelial cap and in the progress zone at wound epithelium (1 dpa) and blastema (60 hpa) stages respectively. Further, during early differentiation stage (5 dpa), high intensities of MMP2 and MMP9 were localized in the newly formed actinotrichia as compared with the tissue proximal to it. Based on the results, it could be construed that the controlled up-regulation of MMP2 and MMP9 from 1 hpa until the early differentiation stage ensures a regulated digestion of extracellular matrix, perhaps to facilitate the recruitment, proliferation, morphogenesis and re-patterning of resident stem cells during caudal fin regeneration in P. latipinna.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Murawala
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - S Patel
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - I Ranadive
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - I Desai
- N. V. Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vallabh Vidya Nagar, Anand, 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
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39
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Warren WC, García-Pérez R, Xu S, Lampert KP, Chalopin D, Stöck M, Loewe L, Lu Y, Kuderna L, Minx P, Montague MJ, Tomlinson C, Hillier LW, Murphy DN, Wang J, Wang Z, Garcia CM, Thomas GWC, Volff JN, Farias F, Aken B, Walter RB, Pruitt KD, Marques-Bonet T, Hahn MW, Kneitz S, Lynch M, Schartl M. Clonal polymorphism and high heterozygosity in the celibate genome of the Amazon molly. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:669-679. [PMID: 29434351 PMCID: PMC5866774 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The extreme rarity of asexual vertebrates in nature is generally explained by genomic decay due to absence of meiotic recombination, thus leading to extinction of such lineages. We explore features of a vertebrate asexual genome, the Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa, and find few signs of genetic degeneration but unique genetic variability and ongoing evolution. We uncovered a substantial clonal polymorphism and, as a conserved feature from its interspecific hybrid origin, a 10-fold higher heterozygosity than in the sexual parental species. These characteristics seem to be a principal reason for the unpredicted fitness of this asexual vertebrate. Our data suggest that asexual vertebrate lineages are scarce not because they are at a disadvantage, but because the genomic combinations required to bypass meiosis and to make up a functioning hybrid genome are rarely met in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley C. Warren
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | | | - Sen Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, 76019, USA
| | - Kathrin P. Lampert
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Domitille Chalopin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Matthias Stöck
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurence Loewe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Texas State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Lukas Kuderna
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick Minx
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Michael J. Montague
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chad Tomlinson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - LaDeana W. Hillier
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Daniel N. Murphy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - John Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academica Sinica Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; present address: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Constantino Macias Garcia
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF
| | | | - Jean-Nicolas Volff
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Fabiana Farias
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Bronwen Aken
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald B. Walter
- Texas State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Kim D. Pruitt
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, and Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthew W. Hahn
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lynch
- Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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40
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Phillips KP, Cable J, Mohammed RS, Herdegen-Radwan M, Raubic J, Przesmycka KJ, van Oosterhout C, Radwan J. Immunogenetic novelty confers a selective advantage in host-pathogen coevolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1552-1557. [PMID: 29339521 PMCID: PMC5816137 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708597115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is crucial to the adaptive immune response of vertebrates and is among the most polymorphic gene families known. Its high diversity is usually attributed to selection imposed by fast-evolving pathogens. Pathogens are thought to evolve to escape recognition by common immune alleles, and, hence, novel MHC alleles, introduced through mutation, recombination, or gene flow, are predicted to give hosts superior resistance. Although this theoretical prediction underpins host-pathogen "Red Queen" coevolution, it has not been demonstrated in the context of natural MHC diversity. Here, we experimentally tested whether novel MHC variants (both alleles and functional "supertypes") increased resistance of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to a common ectoparasite (Gyrodactylus turnbulli). We used exposure-controlled infection trials with wild-sourced parasites, and Gyrodactylus-naïve host fish that were F2 descendants of crossed wild populations. Hosts carrying MHC variants (alleles or supertypes) that were new to a given parasite population experienced a 35-37% reduction in infection intensity, but the number of MHC variants carried by an individual, analogous to heterozygosity in single-locus systems, was not a significant predictor. Our results provide direct evidence of novel MHC variant advantage, confirming a fundamental mechanism underpinning the exceptional polymorphism of this gene family and highlighting the role of immunogenetic novelty in host-pathogen coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl P Phillips
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 60-614 Poznań, Poland
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joanne Cable
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3AX Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan S Mohammed
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Magdalena Herdegen-Radwan
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jarosław Raubic
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 60-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Karolina J Przesmycka
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 60-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Cock van Oosterhout
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 60-614 Poznań, Poland;
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41
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Saaristo M, Wong BBM, Mincarelli L, Craig A, Johnstone CP, Allinson M, Lindström K, Craft JA. Characterisation of the transcriptome of male and female wild-type guppy brains with RNA-Seq and consequences of exposure to the pharmaceutical pollutant, 17α-ethinyl estradiol. Aquat Toxicol 2017; 186:28-39. [PMID: 28246045 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Waterways are increasingly being contaminated by chemical compounds that can disrupt the endocrinology of organisms. One such compound is 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen used in the contraceptive pill. Despite considerable research interest in the effects of EE2 on reproduction and gene expression, surprisingly, only a few studies have capitalised on technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), to uncover the molecular pathways related to EE2 exposure. Accordingly, using high-throughput sequencing technologies, the aim of our study was to explore the effects of EE2 on brain transcriptome in wild-type male and female guppy (Poecilia reticulata). We conducted two sets of experiments, where fish were exposed to EE2 (measured concentrations: 8ng/L and 38ng/L) in a flow-through system for 21days. The effects on the brain transcriptome on both males and females were assessed using Illumina sequencing (MiSeq and HiSeq) platform followed by bioinformatics analysis (edgeR, DESeq2). Here, we report that exposure to EE2 caused both up- and downregulation of specific transcript abundances, and affected transcript abundance in a sex-specific manner. Specifically, we found 773 transcripts, of which 60 were male-specific, 61 female-specific and 285 treatment-specific. EE2 affected expression of 165 transcripts in males, with 88 downregulated and 77 upregulated, while in females, 120 transcripts were affected with 62 downregulated and 58 upregulated. Finally, RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that expression of transcripts related to transposable elements, neuroserpin and heat shock protein were significantly affected by EE2-exposure. Our study is the first to report brain transcriptome libraries for guppies exposed to EE2. Not only does our study provide a valuable resource, it offers insights into the mechanisms underlying the feminizing effects on the brains of organisms exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of EE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Saaristo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Victoria, Australia; Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Bob B M Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Mincarelli
- Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Allison Craig
- Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | | | - Mayumi Allinson
- Victorian Centre for Aquatic Pollution Identification and Management (CAPIM), School of Chemistry, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Kai Lindström
- Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - John A Craft
- Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
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Wright AE, Darolti I, Bloch NI, Oostra V, Sandkam B, Buechel SD, Kolm N, Breden F, Vicoso B, Mank JE. Convergent recombination suppression suggests role of sexual selection in guppy sex chromosome formation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14251. [PMID: 28139647 PMCID: PMC5290318 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex chromosomes evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of chromosomes. The dominant model of sex chromosome evolution posits that recombination is suppressed between emerging X and Y chromosomes in order to resolve sexual conflict. Here we test this model using whole genome and transcriptome resequencing data in the guppy, a model for sexual selection with many Y-linked colour traits. We show that although the nascent Y chromosome encompasses nearly half of the linkage group, there has been no perceptible degradation of Y chromosome gene content or activity. Using replicate wild populations with differing levels of sexually antagonistic selection for colour, we also show that sexual selection leads to greater expansion of the non-recombining region and increased Y chromosome divergence. These results provide empirical support for longstanding models of sex chromosome catalysis, and suggest an important role for sexual selection and sexual conflict in genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Wright
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Iulia Darolti
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Natasha I. Bloch
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Vicencio Oostra
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ben Sandkam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Severine D. Buechel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 18 B, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrheniusväg 18 B, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Felix Breden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Beatriz Vicoso
- Institute of Science and Technology, Am Campus 1A, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Judith E. Mank
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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43
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Künstner A, Hoffmann M, Fraser BA, Kottler VA, Sharma E, Weigel D, Dreyer C. The Genome of the Trinidadian Guppy, Poecilia reticulata, and Variation in the Guanapo Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169087. [PMID: 28033408 PMCID: PMC5199103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, the live bearing guppy, Poecilia reticulata, has been used to study sexual selection as well as local adaptation. Natural guppy populations differ in many traits that are of intuitively adaptive significance such as ornamentation, age at maturity, brood size and body shape. Water depth, light supply, food resources and predation regime shape these traits, and barrier waterfalls often separate contrasting environments in the same river. We have assembled and annotated the genome of an inbred single female from a high-predation site in the Guanapo drainage. The final assembly comprises 731.6 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 5.3 MB. Scaffolds were mapped to linkage groups, placing 95% of the genome assembly on the 22 autosomes and the X-chromosome. To investigate genetic variation in the population used for the genome assembly, we sequenced 10 wild caught male individuals. The identified 5 million SNPs correspond to an average nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.0025. The genome assembly and SNP map provide a rich resource for investigating adaptation to different predation regimes. In addition, comparisons with the genomes of other Poeciliid species, which differ greatly in mechanisms of sex determination and maternal resource allocation, as well as comparisons to other teleost genera can begin to reveal how live bearing evolved in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Künstner
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
- Guest Group Evolutionary Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Margarete Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bonnie A. Fraser
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Verena A. Kottler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Dreyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
Relatedness strongly influences social behaviors in a wide variety of species. For most species, the highest typical degree of relatedness is between full siblings with 50% shared genes. However, this is poorly understood in species with unusually high relatedness between individuals: clonal organisms. Although there has been some investigation into clonal invertebrates and yeast, nothing is known about kin selection in clonal vertebrates. We show that a clonal fish, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa), can distinguish between different clonal lineages, associating with genetically identical, sister clones, and use multiple sensory modalities. Also, they scale their aggressive behaviors according to the relatedness to other females: they are more aggressive to non-related clones. Our results demonstrate that even in species with very small genetic differences between individuals, kin recognition can be adaptive. Their discriminatory abilities and regulation of costly behaviors provides a powerful example of natural selection in species with limited genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Makowicz
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, University Konstanz, Universitätsstraβe 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–25, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Rachel N. Steele
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, United States of America
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, United States of America
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45
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Syukri F, Nakajima T, Nakajima M. Can multilocus heterozygosity reveal inbreeding depression? J Environ Biol 2016; 37:845-853. [PMID: 28779747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inbred lines of fish have been widely exploited as model organisms to determine the effect of inbreeding, which is often closely related to fitness such as endurance and productivity compared to morphological traits. Until now, much is unknown about the effects of inbreeding to fish. In the present study, inbred lines of guppies were used to examine the inbreeding effect on morphological traits corresponding to genotype variation. Two strains, called AY and NA1, were selected from the closed culture system. Both strains showed different levels of inbreeding coefficients when compared to microsatellite markers. The AY strain was less inbred as compared to NA1 strain. However, correlation between the standard lengths with multilocus heterozygosity (MLH) at the individual level was observed in the AY, but not in the NA1 strain. This indicated that highly inbred animals have higher similarity in morphological traits as compared to less inbred ones. The inbreeding process showed the importance of heterozygosity, even in laboratory-reared animals. This experiment illustrated the effects of inbreeding towards morphological and genetic changes. ?
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Zhu F, Schlupp I, Tiedemann R. Sequence Evolution and Expression of the Androgen Receptor and Other Pathway-Related Genes in a Unisexual Fish, the Amazon Molly, Poecilia formosa, and Its Bisexual Ancestors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156209. [PMID: 27249369 PMCID: PMC4889153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The all-female Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) originated from a single hybridization of two bisexual ancestors, Atlantic molly (Poecilia mexicana) and sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna). As a gynogenetic species, the Amazon molly needs to copulate with a heterospecific male, but the genetic information of the sperm-donor does not contribute to the next generation, as the sperm only acts as the trigger for the diploid eggs' embryogenesis. Here, we study the sequence evolution and gene expression of the duplicated genes coding for androgen receptors (ars) and other pathway-related genes, i.e., the estrogen receptors (ers) and cytochrome P450, family19, subfamily A, aromatase genes (cyp19as), in the Amazon molly, in comparison to its bisexual ancestors. Mollies possess-as most other teleost fish-two copies of the ar, er, and cyp19a genes, i.e., arα/arβ, erα/erβ1, and cyp19a1 (also referred as cyp19a1a)/cyp19a2 (also referred to as cyp19a1b), respectively. Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among the ancestral bisexual species were generally predicted not to alter protein function. Some derived substitutions in the P. mexicana and one in P. formosa are predicted to impact protein function. We also describe the gene expression pattern of the ars and pathway-related genes in various tissues (i.e., brain, gill, and ovary) and provide SNP markers for allele specific expression research. As a general tendency, the levels of gene expression were lowest in gill and highest in ovarian tissues, while expression levels in the brain were intermediate in most cases. Expression levels in P. formosa were conserved where expression did not differ between the two bisexual ancestors. In those cases where gene expression levels significantly differed between the bisexual species, P. formosa expression was always comparable to the higher expression level among the two ancestors. Interestingly, erβ1 was expressed neither in brain nor in gill in the analyzed three molly species, which implies a more important role of erα in the estradiol synthesis pathway in these tissues. Furthermore, our data suggest that interactions of steroid-signaling pathway genes differ across tissues, in particular the interactions of ars and cyp19as.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Zhu
- University of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ingo Schlupp
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- University of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Both the brain and the immune system are energetically demanding organs, and when natural selection favours increased investment into one, then the size or performance of the other should be reduced. While comparative analyses have attempted to test this potential evolutionary trade-off, the results remain inconclusive. To test this hypothesis, we compared the tissue graft rejection (an assay for measuring innate and acquired immune responses) in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) artificially selected for large and small relative brain size. Individual scales were transplanted between pairs of fish, creating reciprocal allografts, and the rejection reaction was scored over 8 days (before acquired immunity develops). Acquired immune responses were tested two weeks later, when the same pairs of fish received a second set of allografts and were scored again. Compared with large-brained animals, small-brained animals of both sexes mounted a significantly stronger rejection response to the first allograft. The rejection response to the second set of allografts did not differ between large- and small-brained fish. Our results show that selection for large brain size reduced innate immune responses to an allograft, which supports the hypothesis that there is a selective trade-off between investing into brain size and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kotrschal
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, Stockholm 10691, Sweden Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1a, Vienna 1160, Austria
| | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of Zoology/Ethology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Dustin J Penn
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1a, Vienna 1160, Austria
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Lindholm AK, Sandkam B, Pohl K, Breden F. Poecilia picta, a Close Relative to the Guppy, Exhibits Red Male Coloration Polymorphism: A System for Phylogenetic Comparisons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142089. [PMID: 26529081 PMCID: PMC4631359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the evolution of female preference and male color polymorphism frequently focus on single species since traits and preferences are thought to co-evolve. The guppy, Poecilia reticulata, has long been a premier model for such studies because female preferences and orange coloration are well known to covary, especially in upstream/downstream pairs of populations. However, focused single species studies lack the explanatory power of the comparative method, which requires detailed knowledge of multiple species with known evolutionary relationships. Here we describe a red color polymorphism in Poecilia picta, a close relative to guppies. We show that this polymorphism is restricted to males and is maintained in natural populations of mainland South America. Using tests of female preference we show female P. picta are not more attracted to red males, despite preferences for red/orange in closely related species, such as P. reticulata and P. parae. Male color patterns in these closely related species are different from P. picta in that they occur in discrete patches and are frequently Y chromosome-linked. P. reticulata have an almost infinite number of male patterns, while P. parae males occur in discrete morphs. We show the red male polymorphism in P. picta extends continuously throughout the body and is not a Y-linked trait despite the theoretical prediction that sexually-selected characters should often be linked to the heterogametic sex chromosome. The presence/absence of red male coloration of P. picta described here makes this an ideal system for phylogenetic comparisons that could reveal the evolutionary forces maintaining mate choice and color polymorphisms in this speciose group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Lindholm
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Ben Sandkam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristina Pohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Felix Breden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Kotrschal A, Corral-Lopez A, Szidat S, Kolm N. The effect of brain size evolution on feeding propensity, digestive efficiency, and juvenile growth. Evolution 2015; 69:3013-20. [PMID: 26420573 PMCID: PMC5057322 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One key hypothesis in the study of brain size evolution is the expensive tissue hypothesis; the idea that increased investment into the brain should be compensated by decreased investment into other costly organs, for instance the gut. Although the hypothesis is supported by both comparative and experimental evidence, little is known about the potential changes in energetic requirements or digestive traits following such evolutionary shifts in brain and gut size. Organisms may meet the greater metabolic requirements of larger brains despite smaller guts via increased food intake or better digestion. But increased investment in the brain may also hamper somatic growth. To test these hypotheses we here used guppy (Poecilia reticulata) brain size selection lines with a pronounced negative association between brain and gut size and investigated feeding propensity, digestive efficiency (DE), and juvenile growth rate. We did not find any difference in feeding propensity or DE between large- and small-brained individuals. Instead, we found that large-brained females had slower growth during the first 10 weeks after birth. Our study provides experimental support that investment into larger brains at the expense of gut tissue carries costs that are not necessarily compensated by a more efficient digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sönke Szidat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Niclas Kolm
- Department of Ethology/Zoology, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Nunez JCB, Seale TP, Fraser MA, Burton TL, Fortson TN, Hoover D, Travis J, Oleksiak MF, Crawford DL. Population Genomics of the Euryhaline Teleost Poecilia latipinna. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137077. [PMID: 26335684 PMCID: PMC4559437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Global climate change and increases in sea levels will affect coastal marine communities. The conservation of these ecologically important areas will be a challenge because of their wide geographic distribution, ecological diversity and species richness. To address this problem, we need to better understand how the genetic variation of the species in these communities is distributed within local populations, among populations and between distant regions. In this study we apply genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and examine 955 SNPs to determine Sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna) genetic diversity among three geographically close mangrove salt marsh flats in the Florida Keys compared to populations in southern and northern Florida. The questions we are asking are whether there is sufficient genetic variation among isolated estuarine fish within populations and whether there are significant divergences among populations. Additionally, we want to know if GBS approaches agree with previous studies using more traditional molecular approaches. We are able to identify large genetic diversity within each saltmarsh community (π ≈ 36%). Additionally, among the Florida Key populations and the mainland or between southern and northern Florida regions, there are significant differences in allele frequencies seen in population structure and evolutionary relationships among individuals. Surprisingly, even though the cumulative FST value using all 955 SNPs within the three Florida Key populations is small, there are 29 loci with significant FST values, and 11 of these were outliers suggestive of adaptive divergence. These data suggest that among the salt marsh flats surveyed here, there is significant genetic diversity within each population and small but significant differences among populations. Much of the genetic variation within and among populations found here with GBS is very similar to previous studies using allozymes and microsatellites. However, the meaningful difference between GBS and these previous measures of genetic diversity is the number of loci examined, which allows more precise delineations of population structure as well as facilitates identifying loci with excessive FST values that could indicate adaptive divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. B. Nunez
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - T. P. Seale
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - M. A. Fraser
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - T. L. Burton
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - T. N. Fortson
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - D. Hoover
- Department of Biology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - J. Travis
- Department of Biology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - M. F. Oleksiak
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - D. L. Crawford
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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