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Ebbesen LG, Strange MV, Gunaalan K, Paulsen ML, Herrera A, Nielsen TG, Shashoua Y, Lindegren M, Almeda R. Do weathered microplastics impact the planktonic community? A mesocosm approach in the Baltic Sea. Water Res 2024; 255:121500. [PMID: 38554636 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous pollutants of increasing concern in aquatic systems. However, little is still known about the impacts of weathered MPs on plankton at the community level after long-term exposure. In this study, we investigated the effects of weathered MPs on the structure and dynamics of a Baltic Sea planktonic community during ca. 5 weeks of exposure using a mesocosm approach (2 m3) mimicking natural conditions. MPs were obtained from micronized commercial materials of polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyamide (nylon) previously weathered by thermal ageing and sunlight exposure. The planktonic community was exposed to 2 μg L-1 and 2 mg L-1 of MPs corresponding to measured particle concentrations (10-120 μm) of 680 MPs L-1 and 680 MPs mL-1, respectively. The abundance and composition of all size classes and groups of plankton and chlorophyll concentrations were periodically analyzed throughout the experiment. The population dynamics of the studied groups showed some variations between treatments, with negative and positive effects of MPs exhibited depending on the group and exposure time. The abundance of heterotrophic bacteria, pico- and nanophytoplankton, cryptophytes, and ciliates was lower in the treatment with the higher MP concentration than in the control at the last weeks of the exposure. The chlorophyll concentration and the abundances of heterotrophic nanoflagellates, Astromoeba, dinoflagellate, diatom, and metazooplankton were not negatively affected by the exposure to MPs and, in some cases, some groups showed even higher abundances in the MP treatments. Despite these tendencies, statistical analyses indicate that in most cases there were no statistically significant differences between treatments over the exposure period, even at very high exposure concentrations. Our results show that weathered MPs of the studied conventional plastic materials have minimal or negligible impact on planktonic communities after long-term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linea Gry Ebbesen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU AQUA) Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Markus Varlund Strange
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU AQUA) Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Kuddithamby Gunaalan
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU AQUA) Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Alicia Herrera
- EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Torkel Gissel Nielsen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU AQUA) Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Yvonne Shashoua
- Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Martin Lindegren
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU AQUA) Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU AQUA) Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Wang Z, Bergemann CM, Simonin M, Avellan A, Kiburi P, Hunt DE. Interactions shape aquatic microbiome responses to Cu and Au nanoparticle treatments in wetland manipulation experiments. Environ Res 2024; 252:118603. [PMID: 38513752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
In natural systems, organisms are embedded in complex networks where their physiology and community composition is shaped by both biotic and abiotic factors. Therefore, to assess the ecosystem-level effects of contaminants, we must pair complex, multi-trophic field studies with more targeted hypothesis-driven approaches to explore specific actors and mechanisms. Here, we examine aquatic microbiome responses to long-term additions of commercially-available metallic nanoparticles [copper-based (CuNPs) or gold (AuNPs)] and/or nutrients in complex, wetland mesocosms over 9 months, allowing for a full growth cycle of the aquatic plants. We found that both CuNPs and AuNPs (but not nutrient) treatments showed shifts in microbial communities and populations largely at the end of the experiment, as the aquatic plant community senesced. we examine aquatic microbiomes under chronic dosing of NPs and nutrients Simplified microbe-only or microbe + plant incubations revealed that direct effects of AuNPs on aquatic microbiomes can be buffered by plants (regardless of seasonal As mesocosms were dosed weekly, the absence of water column accumulation indicates the partitioning of both metals into other environmental compartments, mainly the floc and aquatic plants photosynthetically-derived organic matter. Overall, this study identifies the potential for NP environmental impacts to be either suppressed by or propagated across trophic levels via the presence of primary producers, highlighting the importance of organismal interactions in mediating emerging contaminants' ecosystem-wide impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Christina M Bergemann
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Marie Simonin
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Astrid Avellan
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15289, USA
| | - Phoebe Kiburi
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Dana E Hunt
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC, USA; Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT), Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Rico A, Crettaz-Minaglia M, García-Astillero A, Bizzotto E, Vighi M. Fate and effects of a new generation fluorosurfactant (cC 6O 4) in freshwater mesocosms. Aquat Toxicol 2024; 268:106866. [PMID: 38382184 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have raised international concerns due to their widespread use, environmental persistence and potential bioaccumulative and ecotoxicological effects. Therefore, the chemical industry has been dedicated to develop new generation fluorosurfactants which are aimed to replace the most concerning PFAS. Here we investigated the fate and effects of cyclic C6O4 (cC6O4), a compound used as alternative to long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids, in freshwater mesocosms located in the Mediterranean region (Spain) over a period of 90 days. cC6O4 was applied as ammonium salt once at the following nominal concentrations: 0 µg/L (control), 1 µg/L, 20 µg/L, 400 µg/L, and 8,000 µg/L. The study shows that cC6O4 is relatively persistent in water (dissipation: 34-37 % after 90 days), has very low sorption capacity to sediments (sediment-water partition coefficient: 0.18-0.32 L/kg) and very limited bioconcentration (BCF: 0.09-0.94), bioaccumulation (BAF: 0.09-4.06) and biomagnification (BMF: 0.05-0.28) potential. cC6O4 did not result in significant adverse effects on aquatic populations and communities of phytoplankton and zooplankton at the tested concentrations. As for the macroinvertebrate community, the ephemeropteran Cloeon sp. showed a population decline at the highest test concentration on day 60 onwards, and a significant effect on the macroinvertebrate community was identified on the last sampling day at the same exposure level. Therefore, the calculated NOEC for cC6O4 in freshwater mesocosms exposed over a period of 90 days was 400 µg/L, which corresponded to a time weighted average concentration of 611 µg/L, given the water evaporation in the test systems. This concentration is about an order of magnitude higher than the highest exposure concentration monitored in freshwater ecosystems. Therefore, it can be concluded that cC6O4 poses insignificant ecological risks for freshwater plankton and macroinvertebrate communities given the current environmental exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Rico
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain; IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Melina Crettaz-Minaglia
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ariadna García-Astillero
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Elisa Bizzotto
- Foundation Ca' Foscari University, Ca' Dolfin, Venice, Italy
| | - Marco Vighi
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Juvigny-Khenafou NPD, Burgazzi G, Steiner N, Harvey E, Terui A, Piggott J, Manfrin A, Feckler A, Leese F, Schäfer RB. Effects of flow reduction and artificial light at night (ALAN) on litter decomposition and invertebrate communities in streams: A flume experiment. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168836. [PMID: 38016568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
River ecosystems are heavily impacted by multiple stressors, where effects can cascade downstream of point sources. However, a spatial approach to assess the effects of multiple stressors is missing. We assessed the local and downstream effects on litter decomposition, and associated invertebrate communities of two stressors: flow reduction and artificial light at night (ALAN). We used an 18-flow-through mesocosm system consisting of two tributaries, where we applied the stressors, merging in a downstream section. We assessed the changes in decomposition rate and invertebrate community structure in leaf bags. We found no effect of ALAN or its interaction with flow reduction on the litter decomposition or the invertebrate community in the tributaries. Flow reduction alone led to a 14.8 % reduction in decomposition rate in the tributaries. We recorded no effect of flow reduction on the macroinvertebrates community composition in the litter bags. We also observed no effects of the spatial arrangement of the stressors on the litter decomposition and macroinvertebrate community structure downstream. Overall, our results suggest the impact of stressors on litter decomposition and macroinvertebrate communities remained local in our experiment. Our work thus calls for further studies to identify the mechanisms and the conditions under which spatial effects dominate over local processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noël P D Juvigny-Khenafou
- iES, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Gemma Burgazzi
- iES, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Nikita Steiner
- iES, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Eric Harvey
- Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions Bassins-Versants, Écosystèmes Aquatiques (RIVE) Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Akira Terui
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, USA
| | - Jeremy Piggott
- Trinity Centre for the Environment & Discipline of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alessandro Manfrin
- iES, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Alexander Feckler
- iES, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- iES, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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Amador P, Vega C, Navarro Pacheco NI, Moratalla-López J, Palacios J, Crettaz Minaglia MC, López I, Díaz M, Rico A. Effects of the fungicide azoxystrobin in two habitats representative of mediterranean coastal wetlands: A mesocosm experiment. Aquat Toxicol 2024; 267:106828. [PMID: 38176168 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
This paper investigates the effects of the fungicide azoxystrobin, a compound widely used in rice farming, on aquatic communities representative of two habitats characteristic of Mediterranean wetland ecosystems: water springs and eutrophic lake waters. The long-term effects of azoxystrobin were evaluated on several structural (phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrate populations and communities) and functional (microbial decomposition, macrophyte and periphyton growth) parameters making use of freshwater mesocosms. Azoxystrobin was applied in two pulses of 2, 20, 200 µg/L separated by 14 d using the commercial product ORTIVA (23 % azoxystrobin w/w). The results show that these two habitats responded differently to the fungicide application due to their distinct physico-chemical, functional, and structural characteristics. Although overall sensitivity was found to be similar between the two (lowest NOEC < 2 µg/L), the taxa and processes that were affected differed substantially. In general, the most sensitive species to the fungicide were found in the water spring mesocosms, with some species of phytoplankton (Nitzschia sp.) or macrocrustaceans (Echinogammarus sp. and Dugastella valentina) being significantly affected at 2 µg/L. In the eutrophic lake mesocosms, effects were found on phytoplankton taxa (Desmodesmus sp. and Coelastrum sp.), on numerous zooplankton taxa, on chironomids and on the beetle Colymbetes fuscus, although at higher concentrations. The hemipteran Micronecta scholtzi was affected in both treatments. In addition, functional parameters such as organic matter decomposition or macrophyte growth were also affected at relatively low concentrations (NOEC 2 µg/L). Structural Equation Modelling was used to shed light on the indirect effects caused by azoxystrobin on the ecosystem. These results show that azoxystrobin is likely to pose structural and functional effects on Mediterranean wetland ecosystems at environmentally relevant concentrations. Moreover, it highlights the need to consider habitat-specific features when conducting ecotoxicological research at the population and community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Amador
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Constanza Vega
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Av. Punto Com 2, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Natividad Isael Navarro Pacheco
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Jesús Moratalla-López
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Jose Palacios
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Melina Celeste Crettaz Minaglia
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Av. Punto Com 2, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Isabel López
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Av. Punto Com 2, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Mónica Díaz
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Av. Punto Com 2, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain; IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Av. Punto Com 2, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28805, Spain.
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Xiao Z, Goraya MU, Ali L, Chen X, Yu D. Nitrogen and phosphorus eutrophication enhance biofilm-related drug resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from Water Sources. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106501. [PMID: 38122875 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a critical topic worldwide with important consequences for public health. So considering the rising issue of antibiotic-resistance in bacteria, we explored the impact of nitrogen and phosphorus eutrophication on drug resistance mechanisms in Enterococcus faecalis, especially ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and ampicillin. For this purpose we examined the antibiotic-resistance genes and biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis under different concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus along with mentioned antibiotics. Mesocosms were designed to evaluate the impact of influence of eutrophication on the underlying mechanism of drugn resistence in Enterococcus faecalis. For this purpose, we explored the potential relation to biofilm formation, adhesion ability, and the expression levels of the regulatory gene fsrA and the downstream gene gelEI. Our results demonstrated that the isolates of all treatments displayed high biofilm forming potential, and fsrA and gelE genes expression. Additionally, the experimental group demonstrated substantially elevated Enterococcus faecalis gelE expression. Crystal violet staining was applied to observe biofilm formation during bacterial development phase and found higher biofilm formation. In conclusion, our data suggest that E. faecalis resistance to ciprofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and ampicillin is related to biofilm development. Also, the high level of resistance in Enterococcus faecalis is linked to the expression of the fsrA and gelE genes. Understanding these pathways is vital in tackling the rising problem of bacterial resistance and its potential effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrun Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China; Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Yongtai County, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350700, PR China
| | | | - Liaqat Ali
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China
| | - Daojin Yu
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, PR China.
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Lengyel E, Stenger-Kovács C, Boros G, Al-Imari TJK, Novák Z, Bernát G. Anticipated impacts of climate change on the structure and function of phytobenthos in freshwater lakes. Environ Res 2023; 238:117283. [PMID: 37783333 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change threatens surface waters worldwide, especially shallow lakes where one of the expected consequences is a sharp increase in their water temperatures. Phytobenthos is an essential, but still less studied component of aquatic ecosystems, and it would be important to learn more about how global warming will affect this community in shallow lakes. In this research, the effects of different climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, as intermediate and high emission scenarios) on the structure and function of the entire phytobenthos community using species- and trait-based approaches were experimentally investigated in an outdoor mesocosm system. Our results show that the forecasted 3 °C increase in temperature will already exert significant impacts on the benthic algal community by (1) altering its species and (2) trait composition (smaller cell size, lower abundance of colonial and higher of filamentous forms); (3) decreasing Shannon diversity; and (4) enhancing the variability of the community. Higher increase in the temperature (+5 °C) will imply more drastic alterations in freshwater phytobenthos by (1) inducing very high variability in species composition and compositional changes even in phylum level (towards higher abundance of Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta at the expense of Bacillariophyta); (2) continuing shift in trait composition (benefits for smaller cell volume, filamentous life-forms, non-motile and weakly attached taxa); (3) further reducing the functional diversity; (4) increasing biofilm thickness (1.4 μm/°C) and (5) decreasing maximum quantum yield of photosystem II. In conclusion, already the intermediate emission scenario will predictably induce high risk in biodiversity issues, the high emission scenario will imply drastic impacts on the benthic algae endangering even the function of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Lengyel
- Limnology Research Group, Center for Natural Science, University of Pannonia, Egyetem utca 10, H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary; HUN-REN-PE Limnoecology Research Group, Egyetem utca 10, H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Stenger-Kovács
- Limnology Research Group, Center for Natural Science, University of Pannonia, Egyetem utca 10, H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary; HUN-REN-PE Limnoecology Research Group, Egyetem utca 10, H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Boros
- HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Tiba Jassam Kaison Al-Imari
- Limnology Research Group, Center for Natural Science, University of Pannonia, Egyetem utca 10, H-8200, Veszprém, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Novák
- HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Bernát
- HUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, H-8237, Tihany, Hungary.
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Martínez Rodríguez A, Marchant DJ, Francelle P, Kratina P, Jones JI. Nutrient enrichment mediates the effect of biodegradable and conventional microplastics on macroinvertebrate communities. Environ Pollut 2023; 337:122511. [PMID: 37689134 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
There is growing concern regarding the lack of evidence on the effects bioplastics may have on natural ecosystems, whilst their production continues to increase as they are considered as a greener alternative to conventional plastics. Most research is limited to investigations of the response of individual taxa under laboratory conditions, with few experiments undertaken at the community or ecosystem scale, either investigating microplastics independently or in combination with other pollutants, such as nutrient enrichment. The aim of this study is to experimentally compare the effects of oil-based (high density polyethylene - HDPE) with those of bio-based biodegradable (polylactic acid - PLA) microplastics and their interaction with nutrient enrichment on freshwater macroinvertebrate communities under seminatural conditions. There were no significant differences in total abundance, alpha and beta diversities, or community composition attributable to the type of microplastics, their concentration, or nutrient enrichment compared with the control. However, there was a significant difference in macroinvertebrate alpha diversity between high concentrations of both microplastic types under ambient nutrient conditions, with lower diversity in communities exposed to HDPE compared with PLA. Nutrient enrichment mediated the effect of microplastic type, such that the diversity of macroinvertebrate communities exposed to HDPE were similar to those communities exposed to PLA. These findings suggest that the effects of microplastic pollution on macroinvertebrate communities are very weak at large-scale settings under seminatural conditions and that these effects might be mediated by the nutrient status of freshwater ecosystems. More research under large-scale, long-term, seminatural settings are needed in order to elucidate the impact of both conventional plastics and bioplastics on natural environments and their interactive effect with other occurring stressors and pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martínez Rodríguez
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Danielle J Marchant
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Pascaline Francelle
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Pavel Kratina
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - J Iwan Jones
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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Rojas E, Gouret M, Agostini S, Fiorini S, Fonseca P, Lacroix G, Médoc V. From behaviour to complex communities: Resilience to anthropogenic noise in a fish-induced trophic cascade. Environ Pollut 2023; 335:122371. [PMID: 37580005 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Sound emissions from human activities represent a pervasive environmental stressor. Individual responses in terms of behaviour, physiology or anatomy are well documented but whether they propagate through nested ecological interactions to alter complex communities needs to be better understood. This is even more relevant for freshwater ecosystems that harbour a disproportionate fraction of biodiversity but receive less attention than marine and terrestrial systems. We conducted a mesocosm investigation to study the effect of chronic exposure to motorboat noise on the dynamics of a freshwater community including phytoplankton, zooplankton, and roach as a planktivorous fish. In addition, we performed a microcosm investigation to test whether roach's feeding behaviour was influenced by the noise condition they experienced in the mesocosms. Indeed, compared to other freshwater fish, the response of roach to motorboat noise apparently does not weaken with repeated exposure, suggesting the absence of habituation. As expected under the trophic cascade hypothesis, predation by roach induced structural changes in the planktonic communities with a decrease in the main grazing zooplankton that slightly benefited green algae. Surprisingly, although the microcosm investigation revealed persistent alterations in the feeding behaviour of the roach exposed to chronic noise, the dynamics of the roach-dominated planktonic communities did not differ between the noisy and noiseless mesocosms. It might be that roach's individual response to noise was not strong enough to cascade or that the biological cues coming from the conspecifics and the many planktonic organisms have diverted each fish's attention from noise. Our work suggests that the top-down structuring influence of roach on planktonic communities might be resilient to noise and highlights how extrapolating impacts from individual responses to complex communities can be tricky.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Rojas
- Equipe Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle (ENES), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Mélanie Gouret
- Equipe Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle (ENES), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Simon Agostini
- Centre de Recherche en Ecologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP Ecotron Ile De France), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS-UAR 3194, PSL Research University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France.
| | - Sarah Fiorini
- Centre de Recherche en Ecologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP Ecotron Ile De France), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS-UAR 3194, PSL Research University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France.
| | - Paulo Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciencias, CE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Gérard Lacroix
- Centre de Recherche en Ecologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP Ecotron Ile De France), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS-UAR 3194, PSL Research University, Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France.
| | - Vincent Médoc
- Equipe Neuro-Ethologie Sensorielle (ENES), Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), INSERM UMRS 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
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10
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Trepanier KE, Vander Meulen IJ, Ahad JME, Headley JV, Degenhardt D. Evaluating the attenuation of naphthenic acids in constructed wetland mesocosms planted with Carex aquatilis. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1228. [PMID: 37725196 PMCID: PMC10509100 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Surface oil sands mining and extraction in northern Alberta's Athabasca oil sands region produce large volumes of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). OSPW is a complex mixture containing major contaminant classes including trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs). Naphthenic acids (NAs) are the primary organic toxicants in OSPW, and reducing their concentrations is a priority for oil sands companies. Previous evidence has shown that constructed wetland treatment systems (CWTSs) are capable of reducing the concentration of NAs and the toxicity of OSPW through bioremediation. In this study, we constructed greenhouse mesocosms with OSPW or lab process water (LPW) (i.e., water designed to mimic OSPW minus the NAFC content) with three treatments: (1) OSPW planted with Carex aquatilis; (2) OSPW, no plants; and (3) LPW, no plants. The OSPW-C. aquatilis treatment saw a significant reduction in NAFC concentrations in comparison to OSPW, no plant treatments, but both changed the distribution of the NAFCs in similar ways. Upon completion of the study, treatments with OSPW saw fewer high-molecular-weight NAs and an increase in the abundance of O3- and O4-containing formulae. Results from this study provide invaluable information on how constructed wetlands can be used in future remediation of OSPW in a way that previous studies were unable to achieve due to uncontrollable environmental factors in field experiments and the active, high-energy processes used in CWTSs pilot studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E Trepanier
- Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ian J Vander Meulen
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Hydrology Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jason M E Ahad
- Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - John V Headley
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Hydrology Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dani Degenhardt
- Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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11
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Bundschuh M, Mesquita-Joanes F, Rico A, Camacho A. Understanding Ecological Complexity in a Chemical Stress Context: A Reflection on Recolonization, Recovery, and Adaptation of Aquatic Populations and Communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023; 42:1857-1866. [PMID: 37204216 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recovery, recolonization, and adaptation in a chemical stress context are processes that regenerate local populations and communities as well as the functions these communities perform. Recolonization, either by species previously present or by new species able to occupy the niches left empty, refers to a metacommunity process with stressed ecosystems benefiting from the dispersal of organisms from other areas. A potential consequence of recolonization is a limited capacity of local populations to adapt to potentially repeating events of chemical stress exposure when their niches have been effectively occupied by the new colonizers or by new genetic lineages of the taxa previously present. Recovery, instead, is an internal process occurring within stressed ecosystems. More specifically, the impact of a stressor on a community benefits less sensitive individuals of a local population as well as less sensitive taxa within a community. Finally, adaptation refers to phenotypic and, sometimes, genetic changes at the individual and population levels, allowing the permanence of individuals of previously existing taxa without necessarily changing the community taxonomic composition (i.e., not replacing sensitive species). Because these processes are usually operating in parallel in nature, though at different degrees, it seems relevant to try to understand their relative importance for the regeneration of community structure and ecosystem functioning after chemical exposure. In the present critical perspective, we employed case studies supporting our understanding of the underlying processes with the hope to provide a theoretical framework to disentangle the relevance of the three processes for the regeneration of a biological community after chemical exposure. Finally, we provide some recommendations to experimentally compare their relative importance so that the net effects of these processes can be used to parameterize risk-assessment models and inform ecosystem management. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1857-1866. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francesc Mesquita-Joanes
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, València, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, València, Spain
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Camacho
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, València, Spain
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12
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Solly EF, Jaeger ACH, Barthel M, Werner RA, Zürcher A, Hagedorn F, Six J, Hartmann M. Water limitation intensity shifts carbon allocation dynamics in Scots pine mesocosms. Plant Soil 2023; 490:499-519. [PMID: 37780069 PMCID: PMC10533586 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-023-06093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Tree species worldwide suffer from extended periods of water limitation. These conditions not only affect the growth and vitality of trees but also feed back on the cycling of carbon (C) at the plant-soil interface. However, the impact of progressing water loss from soils on the transfer of assimilated C belowground remains unresolved. Methods Using mesocosms, we assessed how increasing levels of water deficit affect the growth of Pinus sylvestris saplings and performed a 13C-CO2 pulse labelling experiment to trace the pathway of assimilated C into needles, fine roots, soil pore CO2, and phospholipid fatty acids of soil microbial groups. Results With increasing water limitation, trees partitioned more biomass belowground at the expense of aboveground growth. Moderate levels of water limitation barely affected the uptake of 13C label and the transit time of C from needles to the soil pore CO2. Comparatively, more severe water limitation increased the fraction of 13C label that trees allocated to fine roots and soil fungi while a lower fraction of 13CO2 was readily respired from the soil. Conclusions When soil water becomes largely unavailable, C cycling within trees becomes slower, and a fraction of C allocated belowground may accumulate in fine roots or be transferred to the soil and associated microorganisms without being metabolically used. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-023-06093-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Solly
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Astrid C. H. Jaeger
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matti Barthel
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland A. Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Grassland Sciences Group, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alois Zürcher
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Biogeochemistry Group, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903 Switzerland
| | - Frank Hagedorn
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Biogeochemistry Group, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903 Switzerland
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Cotta CP, Pinto TJS, Yoshii MPC, Silva LCM, Ogura AP, Gabriel GVM, Schiesari LC, Carmo JB, Montagner CC, Espíndola ELG, Moreira RA. Exposure to fipronil, 2,4-D and vinasse influences macroinvertebrate assemblage structure: An experimental mesocosm approach. Sci Total Environ 2023; 888:164259. [PMID: 37201850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is one of the main monocultures in Brazil and widely uses herbicide 2,4-D and fipronil insecticide. In addition, vinasse can be mentioned as it is widely used in this plantation. These compounds occurring simultaneously in the aquatic environment can potentiate the deleterious effects on organisms. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the composition, abundance and ecological indices of the benthic macroinvertebrate community, as well as its ability to reestablish itself considering environmental contamination by the pesticides Regent® 800WG (active ingredient - a.i. fipronil) (F) and DMA® 806BR (a.i. 2,4-D) (D) and vinasse (V), alone and in mixtures: pesticides - M and the three contaminants - MV. The study was conducted using open-air mesocosms. The macroinvertebrate community was monitored by colonization structures, the physical-chemical parameters, metals and pesticides were determined and the effects of contaminants were evaluated over the exposure time in 1, 7, 14, 28, 75 to 150 days. A multiple regression was performed between the water parameters and significant relationships were found between parameters associated with vinasse contamination (pH, total nitrogen, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen) and concentration of fipronil and the ecological variables studied. Over time, changes were observed in the composition of the community. The dominance and richness increased in treatments V and MV. The family Chironomidae and subclass Oligochaeta were more sensitive to the treatment V and MV, while individuals from the families Phoridae, Ephydridae and Sciomyzidae were occasionally found (depending on the experimental time) in these treatments. The insects were sensitive to treatments F and M, disappearing in these mesocosms after contamination, reappearing only after 75 days. The results reveal that sugarcane management practices associated with the use of pesticides and vinasse as fertilizer pose risks to the macroinvertebrate community with consequences for the trophic chains, given its importance in freshwater ecosystems and adjacent terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina P Cotta
- NEEA/SHS e PPG-SEA, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thandy J S Pinto
- NEEA/SHS e PPG-SEA, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula C Yoshii
- NEEA/SHS e PPG-SEA, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís C M Silva
- NEEA/SHS e PPG-SEA, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Allan P Ogura
- NEEA/SHS e PPG-SEA, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Verônica M Gabriel
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, SP-264, km 110, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Schiesari
- EACH, USP - School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, 03828-000, São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Janaina B Carmo
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, SP-264, km 110, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Cassiana C Montagner
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química, R. Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Evaldo L G Espíndola
- NEEA/SHS e PPG-SEA, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel A Moreira
- NEEA/SHS e PPG-SEA, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Monteiro M, de Castro SLP, Marques SC, Freitas R, Azeiteiro UM. An emergent treat: Marine heatwaves - Implications for marine decapod crustacean species - An overview. Environ Res 2023; 229:116004. [PMID: 37116673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic-mediated climate change severely affects the oceans. The most common definition of a Marine heatwave (MHW) considers that water temperatures rise above the 90th percentile threshold values, based on the last 30 years' average of temperature records for a particular location, and remains this high for five or more days. The current review addresses the evolution of definitions used, as well as the current understanding of the driving mechanisms of MHWs. The collected information shows that the study of MHW is recent and there is a growing interest among the scientific community on this topic, motivated largely by the impacts that pose to marine ecosystems. Further, a more in-depth analysis was carried out, addressing the impacts of MHW events on marine decapod crustacean species. The investigation of such impacts has been carried out using three main methodological approaches: the analysis of in situ records, observed in 33 studies; simulating MHW events through mesocosm experiments, found in 6 studies; and using computational predictive models, detected in 1 study. From the literature available it has been demonstrated that consequences are serious for these species, from altered expansion ranges to alterations of assemblages' abundances. Still, studies addressing the impacts of these extreme events on the decapod communities are scarce, often only limited to adult life forms of commercially relevant species, neglecting non-commercial ones and meroplanktonic life stages. Despite the severe impacts on the health of ecosystems, repercussions on socioeconomic human activities, like fisheries and aquaculture, are also a reality. Overall, this review aims to raise scientific and public awareness of these marine events, which are projected to increase in intensity and frequency in the coming decades. Therefore, there is a growing need to better understand and predict the mechanisms responsible for these extreme events and the impacts on key species, like decapod crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Monteiro
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | | | - Sónia Cotrim Marques
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, School of Tourism and Maritime Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ulisses M Azeiteiro
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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15
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Galgani L, Tzempelikou E, Kalantzi I, Tsiola A, Tsapakis M, Pitta P, Esposito C, Tsotskou A, Magiopoulos I, Benavides R, Steinhoff T, Loiselle SA. Marine plastics alter the organic matter composition of the air-sea boundary layer, with influences on CO 2 exchange: a large-scale analysis method to explore future ocean scenarios. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159624. [PMID: 36280077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are substrates for microbial activity and can influence biomass production. This has potentially important implications in the sea-surface microlayer, the marine boundary layer that controls gas exchange with the atmosphere and where biologically produced organic compounds can accumulate. In the present study, we used six large scale mesocosms to simulate future ocean scenarios of high plastic concentration. Each mesocosm was filled with 3 m3 of seawater from the oligotrophic Sea of Crete, in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. A known amount of standard polystyrene microbeads of 30 μm diameter was added to three replicate mesocosms, while maintaining the remaining three as plastic-free controls. Over the course of a 12-day experiment, we explored microbial organic matter dynamics in the sea-surface microlayer in the presence and absence of microplastic contamination of the underlying water. Our study shows that microplastics increased both biomass production and enrichment of carbohydrate-like and proteinaceous marine gel compounds in the sea-surface microlayer. Importantly, this resulted in a ∼3 % reduction in the concentration of dissolved CO2 in the underlying water. This reduction was associated to both direct and indirect impacts of microplastic pollution on the uptake of CO2 within the marine carbon cycle, by modifying the biogenic composition of the sea's boundary layer with the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Galgani
- Environmental Spectroscopy Group, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy; Center for Colloids and Surface Science, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; GEOMAR-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany; Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, USA.
| | - Eleni Tzempelikou
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Ioanna Kalantzi
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsiola
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Manolis Tsapakis
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Pitta
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chiara Esposito
- Lake Ecology, Department of Ecoscience and WATEC Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Anastasia Tsotskou
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece; University of Western Macedonia, School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Florina, Greece
| | - Iordanis Magiopoulos
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | - Steven A Loiselle
- Environmental Spectroscopy Group, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Italy; Center for Colloids and Surface Science, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, Florence, Italy
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16
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Pinto TJDS, Moreira RA, Freitas JSS, da Silva LCM, Yoshii MPC, de Palma Lopes LF, Ogura AP, de Mello Gabriel GV, Rosa LMT, Schiesari L, do Carmo JB, Montagner CC, Daam MA, Espindola ELG. Responses of Chironomus sancticaroli to the simulation of environmental contamination by sugarcane management practices: Water and sediment toxicity. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159643. [PMID: 36306835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane management practices include the application of pesticides, including the herbicide 2,4-D and the insecticide fipronil. In addition, a by-product from the ethanol industry, called vinasse, is commonly applied to fertilize sugarcane areas. The potential risks of these practices to the edge-of-field aquatic ecosystems were assessed in the present study. This was done by contaminating mesocosms with (single and mixtures of) both pesticides and vinasse and evaluating the effects on the midge Chironomus sancticaroli through in-situ and laboratory bioassays. To this end, outdoor mesocosms were treated with fipronil (F), 2,4-D (D), and vinasse (V) alone and with the mixture of fipronil and 2,4-D (M), as well as with both pesticides and vinasse (MV). C. sancticaroli was deployed in mesocosms before contamination in cages, which were taken out 4- and 8-days-post-contamination. Water and sediment samples were also taken for laboratory bioassays on the first day of contamination, as well as 7-, 14-, 21-, 30-, 45-, and 75-days post-contamination. The responses assessed in subchronic assays (8-day) were survival, growth, head capsule width, development, and mentum deformities. Low survival occurred in the in-situ experiments of all treatments due to the low oxygen levels. In the laboratory tests, effects on survival occurred for F, V, and M over time after exposure to both water and sediment. All organisms died post-exposure to water samples from the MV treatment, even 75-days-post-contamination. Impairments in body length and head capsule width occurred for F, V, and M for water and F, V, M, and MV for sediment samples over time. All treatments increased mentum deformities in exposed larvae for any of the sampling periods. The negative effects observed were more significant in the mixture mesocosms (M and MV), thus indicating increased risks from management practices applying these compounds together or with a short time interval in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Juliane Silber Schmidt Freitas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), R. Ver. Geraldo Moisés da Silva, s/n - Universitário, 38302-192 Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Laís Conceição Menezes da Silva
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Laís Fernanda de Palma Lopes
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Allan Pretti Ogura
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Verônica de Mello Gabriel
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, SP-264, km 110, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Luana Maria Tavares Rosa
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, SP-264, km 110, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Luis Schiesari
- EACH, USP - School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, São Paulo, SP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Janaina Braga do Carmo
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, SP-264, km 110, Sorocaba, São Paulo 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil
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17
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Robinson CE, Elvidge CK, Frank RA, Headley JV, Hewitt LM, Little AG, Robinson SA, Trudeau VL, Vander Meulen IJ, Orihel DM. Naphthenic acid fraction compounds reduce the reproductive success of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) by affecting offspring viability. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120455. [PMID: 36270565 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the toxicity of organic compounds in oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) is necessary to inform the development of environmental guidelines related to wastewater management in Canada's oil sands region. In the present study, we investigated the effects of naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs), one of the most toxic components of OSPW, on mating behaviour, fertility, and offspring viability in the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). Wild adult wood frogs were exposed separately from the opposite sex to 0, 5, or 10 mg/L of OSPW-derived NAFCs for 24 h and then combined in outdoor lake water mesocosms containing the same NAFC concentrations (n = 2 males and 1 female per mesocosm, n = 3 mesocosms per treatment). Mating events were recorded for 48 h and egg masses were measured to determine adult fertility. NAFC exposure had no significant effect on mating behaviour (probability of amplexus and oviposition, amplexus and oviposition latency, total duration of amplexus and number of amplectic events) or fertility (fertilization success and clutch size). Tadpoles (50 individuals per mesocosm at hatching, and 15 individuals per mesocosm from 42 d post-hatch) were reared in the same mesocosms under chronic NAFC exposure until metamorphic climax (61-85 d after hatching). Offspring exposed to 10 mg/L NAFCs during development were less likely to survive and complete metamorphosis, grew at a reduced rate, and displayed more frequent morphological abnormalities. These abnormalities included limb anomalies at metamorphosis, described for the first time after NAFC exposure. The results of this study suggest that NAFCs reduce wood frog reproductive success through declines in offspring viability and therefore raise the concern that exposure to NAFCs during reproduction and development may affect the recruitment of native amphibian populations in the oil sands region.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Robinson
- Department of Biology, Queen's University; Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C K Elvidge
- Department of Biology, Queen's University; Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R A Frank
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - J V Headley
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - L M Hewitt
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - A G Little
- Department of Biology, Queen's University; Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S A Robinson
- Ecotoxicoloy and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0H3, Ontario, Canada
| | - V L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa; Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - I J Vander Meulen
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 3H5, Canada; Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - D M Orihel
- Department of Biology, Queen's University; Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University; Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Gerstle V, Manfrin A, Kolbenschlag S, Gerken M, Islam ASMMU, Entling MH, Bundschuh M, Brühl CA. Benthic macroinvertebrate community shifts based on Bti-induced chironomid reduction also decrease Odonata emergence. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120488. [PMID: 36306884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chironomid larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) often dominate aquatic macroinvertebrate communities and are a key food source for many aquatic predators, such as dragonfly and damselfly larvae (Odonata). Changes in aquatic macroinvertebrate communities may propagate through terrestrial food webs via altered insect emergence. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti)-based larvicides are widely used in mosquito control but can also reduce the abundance of non-biting chironomid larvae. We applied the maximum field rate of Bti used in mosquito control three times to six mesocosms in a replicated floodplain pond mesocosm (FPM) system in spring for two consecutive years, while the remaining six FPMs were untreated. Three weeks after the third Bti application in the first year, we recorded on average a 41% reduction of chironomid larvae in Bti-treated FPMs compared to untreated FPMs and a shift in benthic macroinvertebrate community composition driven by the reduced number of chironomid, Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae larvae (Odonata). Additionally, the number of emerging Libellulidae (estimated by sampling of exuviae in the second year) was reduced by 54% in Bti-treated FPMs. Since Odonata larvae are not directly susceptible to Bti, our results suggest indirect effects due to reduced prey availability (i.e., chironomid larvae) or increased intraguild predation. As Libellulidae include species of conservation concern, the necessity of Bti applications to their habitats, e.g. floodplains, should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Gerstle
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Manfrin
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Sara Kolbenschlag
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Maximilian Gerken
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, D-76857, Eußerthal, Germany
| | - A S M Mufachcher Ul Islam
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Martin H Entling
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, SWE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carsten A Brühl
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
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Quintanilla-Ahumada D, Quijón PA, Manríquez PH, Pulgar J, García-Huidobro MR, Miranda C, Molina A, Zuloaga R, Duarte C. Artificial light at night (ALAN) causes variable dose-responses in a sandy beach isopod. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:35977-35985. [PMID: 35060027 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) is expanding worldwide, and the study of its influence remains limited mainly to documenting impacts, overlooking the variation in key characteristics of the artificial light such as its intensity. The potential dose-response of fitness-related traits to different light intensities has not been assessed in sandy beach organisms. Hence, this study explored dose-responses to ALAN by exposing the intertidal sandy beach isopod Tylos spinulosus to a range of light intensities at night: 0 (control), 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 lx. We quantified the response of this species at the molecular (RNA:DNA ratios), physiological (absorption efficiency) and organismal (growth rate) levels. Linear and non-linear regressions were used to explore the relationship between light intensity and the isopod response. The regressions showed that increasing light intensity caused an overall ~ threefold decline in RNA:DNA ratios and a ~ threefold increase in absorption efficiency, with strong dose-dependent effects. For both response variables, non-linear regressions also identified likely thresholds at 80 lx (RNA:DNA) and 40 lx (absorption efficiency). By contrast, isopod growth rates were unrelated (unaltered) by the increase in light intensity at night. We suggest that ALAN is detrimental for the condition of the isopods, likely by reducing the activity and feeding of these nocturnal organisms, and that the isopods compensate this by absorbing nutrients more efficiently in order to maintain growth levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro A Quijón
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Patricio H Manríquez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de La Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - José Pulgar
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel R García-Huidobro
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Miranda
- Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Zuloaga
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Duarte
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
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20
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Windisch J, Plessl C, Christian C, Zechmeister T, Jirsa F. Unexpected pathways of mercury in an alkaline, biologically productive, saline lake: A mesocosm approach. J Hazard Mater 2022; 427:128163. [PMID: 34979384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg), as one of the most frequently and globally occurring pollutants, is of major public health concern. Aquatic environments are the key compartment for Hg methylation as well as for its consequent bioaccumulation and biomagnification. This mesocosm study investigated the differences in Hg turnover, Hg distribution and bioaccumulation in two contrasting waterbodies: Panozzalacke (PL), an "average", oligotrophic European freshwater body and Lake Neusiedl (LN), an alkaline, saline, eutrophic, biologically highly productive lake. Mesocosm experiments were carried out with either water, water and sediment, and finally water, sediment and the macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum from the respective waterbody. Hg2+ was added to the water phase and the Hg distribution over time was monitored in the compartments air, water, suspended particles, sediment and plants. The results show a much faster Hg turnover in LN compared to PL. Most striking is the significantly higher mercury bioaccumulation in macrophytes from LN and the significantly lower sedimentation rates there. We conclude that the specific physico-chemical and biological conditions in LN, e.g., alkalinity, sulfate content, dissolved carbon and high amount of particulate matter, lead to a rapid conversion of incoming mercury, accelerating bioaccumulation and potentially leading to unexpected mercury biomagnification in this lake. This has implications for other comparable waterbodies around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Windisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christof Plessl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Christian
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Franz Jirsa
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa.
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21
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Osma N, Vargas CA, Algueró-Muñíz M, Bach LT, Gómez M, Horn HG, Ludwig A, Packard TT, Riebesell U, Romero-Kutzner V, Taucher J, Fernández-Urruzola I. Ocean acidification induces distinct metabolic responses in subtropical zooplankton under oligotrophic conditions and after simulated upwelling. Sci Total Environ 2022; 810:152252. [PMID: 34896493 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is one of the most critical anthropogenic threats to marine ecosystems. While significant ecological responses of plankton communities to OA have been revealed mainly by small-scale laboratory approaches, the interactive effect of OA-related changes on zooplankton metabolism and their biogeochemical implications in the natural environment still remains less well understood. Here, we explore the responses of zooplankton respiration and ammonium excretion, two key processes in the nutrient cycling, to high pCO2 levels in a 9-week in situ mesocosm experiment conducted during the autumn oligotrophic season in the subtropical northeast Atlantic. By simulating an upwelling event halfway through the study, we further evaluated the combined effects of OA and nutrient availability on the physiology of micro-and mesozooplankton. OA conditions generally resulted in a reduction in the biomass-specific metabolic and enzymatic rates, particularly in the mesozooplankton community. The situation reversed after the nutrient-rich deep-water addition, which initially promoted a diatom bloom and increased heterotrophic activities in all mesocosms. Under high pCO2 conditions (>800 μatm), however, the nutrient fertilization triggered the proliferation of the harmful alga Vicicitus globosus, with important consequences for the metabolic performance of the two zooplankton size classes. Here, the zooplankton contribution to the remineralization of organic matter and nitrogen regeneration dropped by 30% and 24%, respectively, during the oligotrophic period, and by 40% and 70% during simulated upwelling. Overall, our results indicate a potential reduction in the biogeochemical role of zooplankton under future ocean conditions, with more evident effects on the large mesozooplankton and during high productivity events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Osma
- Millennium Institute of Oceanography (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Department of Aquatic Systems, Faculty of Environmental Science, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Cristian A Vargas
- Millennium Institute of Oceanography (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Department of Aquatic Systems, Faculty of Environmental Science, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Coastal Socio-Ecological Millennium Institute (SECOS), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - María Algueró-Muñíz
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lennart T Bach
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - May Gómez
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Henriette G Horn
- Centre for Coastal Research, Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Andrea Ludwig
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Theodore T Packard
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vanesa Romero-Kutzner
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jan Taucher
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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22
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Van de Perre D, Li D, Yao KS, Lei HJ, Van den Brink PJ, Ying GG. The effects of the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide on the structure and functioning of freshwater communities under sub-tropical conditions: A mesocosm study. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150678. [PMID: 34592290 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapy drug which is widely used in the treatment of neoplastic diseases and have often been detected in urban and hospital wastewater, and surface waters. However, at present the effects of CP on aquatic organisms and ecosystems are poorly understood. The main objective of the present study was to assess the effect of CP on the structure and functioning of a sub-tropical freshwater ecosystem (macroinvertebrates, zooplankton and phytoplankton) at environmental relevant concentrations. CP (0, 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L) was applied weekly to 13,600 L mesocosms over a period of four weeks followed by a one month post exposure period. CP was found to dissipate much faster than previous reported in literature and the half-dissipation times were treatment dependent, being 2.2, 21.3 and 23.6 days in the lowest, middle and highest treatments respectively. Only treatment related effects were observed on the community structure at individual samplings with zooplankton (NOECcommunity = 0.5 μg/L) responding at lower concentrations than phytoplankton (NOECcommunity = 5 μg/L) and macroinvertebrates (NOECcommunity ≥ 50 μg/L). The dissolved organic carbon concentration was consistently higher in the 2 highest treatments, indicating a potential effect on food web interactions and/or the microbial loop. At the population level, consistent adverse effects were observed for the plankton taxa Pleuroxus laevis, Dissotrocha sp. and Oscillatoria sp. at all CP concentrations (NOEC <0.5 μg/L). Additionally, at the highest CP treatments 7% of all the taxa showed a clear short-term adverse effect. Based on comparison with literature data it can be concluded that these taxa have the highest CP sensitivity ever recorded and these findings indicate a potential CP risk to aquatic ecosystems at environmental relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Van de Perre
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Kai-Sheng Yao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Wageningen University, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hao-Jun Lei
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Wageningen University, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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23
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Silva CJM, Machado AL, Campos D, Rodrigues ACM, Patrício Silva AL, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Microplastics in freshwater sediments: Effects on benthic invertebrate communities and ecosystem functioning assessed in artificial streams. Sci Total Environ 2022; 804:150118. [PMID: 34798725 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The high levels of microplastics (MPs) found in freshwaters, particularly in riverine sediments, may impose a threat to the macroinvertebrate communities with possible consequences at ecosystem-level. The present study aimed to assess the effects of a mixture of different sizes of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) on the composition and structure of macroinvertebrate communities and key-functions, such as primary production and leaf litter decomposition. MPs were mixed in the sediment at three different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 g kg-1) already found in freshwater sediments to enhance the relevance of the work. After eight days of exposure to PE-MPs, the observed changes in macroinvertebrate community structure were mostly due to the reduction in the abundance of deposit-feeders and grazers that were reduced by ca 31-50% and 34-39%, in the two highest MPs concentrations respectively, in comparison with the control treatment after 8 days of exposure. MPs internal concentrations were detected only in organisms exposed to plastic particles within artificial streams with chironomids and mayflies presenting higher MPs internal levels (average of 115 particles/individual found in chironomids, 166/individual for Baetis sp. and 415 particles/individual for Ephemerella sp.) suggesting higher ingestion of plastic microparticles. Nevertheless, the alterations in the community structure did not translate into impairments in the functional endpoints analysed, leaf litter decomposition and primary production, that were expected due to possible sub-lethal effects (e.g., feeding inhibition) on detritivores and grazers. This study represents one of the few assessments of MPs effects on freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate community structure and the first that simultaneously considered ecosystem-level functional endpoints. Further research combining different microplastics and longer exposure periods are needed to raise knowledge on potential ecological consequences of MPs to freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J M Silva
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Machado
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana Campos
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana L Patrício Silva
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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24
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Brooks AJ, Bray J, Nichols SJ, Shenton M, Kaserzon S, Nally RM, Kefford BJ. Corrigendum to "Sensitivity and specificity of macroinvertebrate responses to gradients of multiple agricultural stressors" [Environ. Pollut. 291 (December 2021) 118092]. Environ Pollut 2022; 293:118409. [PMID: 34757125 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Brooks
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; Department of Planning, Industry and Environment - Water, PO Box 53, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Bray
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; Gisborne District Council, PO Box 747, Gisborne, 4010, New Zealand
| | - Susan J Nichols
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mark Shenton
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sarit Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Ralph Mac Nally
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ben J Kefford
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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25
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Mazière C, Bodo M, Perdrau MA, Cravo-Laureau C, Duran R, Dupuy C, Hubas C. Climate change influences chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls metabolism in hypersaline microbial mat. Sci Total Environ 2022; 802:149787. [PMID: 34464796 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of the climatic change on the phototrophic communities of hypersaline microbial mats. Ocean acidification and warming were simulated alone and together on microbial mats placed into mesocosms. As expected, the temperature in the warming treatments increased by 4 °C from the initial temperature. Surprisingly, no significance difference was observed between the water pH of the different treatments despite of a decrease of 0.4 unit pH in the water reserves of acidification treatments. The salinity increased on the warming treatments and the dissolved oxygen concentration increased and was higher on the acidification treatments. A total of 37 pigments were identified belonging to chlorophylls, carotenes and xanthophylls families. The higher abundance of unknown chlorophyll molecules called chlorophyll derivatives was observed in the acidification alone treatment with a decrease in chlorophyll a abundance. This change in pigmentary composition was accompanied by a higher production of bound extracellular carbohydrates but didn't affect the photosynthetic efficiency of the microbial mats. A careful analysis of the absorption properties of these molecules indicated that these chlorophyll derivatives were likely bacteriochlorophyll c contained in the chlorosomes of green anoxygenic phototroph bacteria. Two hypotheses can be drawn from these results: 1/ the phototrophic communities of the microbial mats were modified under acidification treatment leading to a higher relative abundance of green anoxygenic bacteria, or 2/ the highest availability of CO2 in the environment has led to a shift in the metabolism of green anoxygenic bacteria being more competitive than other phototrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mazière
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 525, Bât. IBEAS, BP1155, 64013 Pau cedex, France; La Rochelle Université, CNRS, UMR 7266 LIENSs (Littoral Environnement et Sociétés), 2, rue Olympe de Gouges, Bât. ILE, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
| | - M Bodo
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR BOREA 8067, MNHN-IRD-CNRS-SU-UCN-UA, Station Marine de Concarneau, 29900 Concarneau, France
| | - M A Perdrau
- La Rochelle Université, CNRS, UMR 7266 LIENSs (Littoral Environnement et Sociétés), 2, rue Olympe de Gouges, Bât. ILE, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - C Cravo-Laureau
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 525, Bât. IBEAS, BP1155, 64013 Pau cedex, France
| | - R Duran
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 525, Bât. IBEAS, BP1155, 64013 Pau cedex, France
| | - C Dupuy
- La Rochelle Université, CNRS, UMR 7266 LIENSs (Littoral Environnement et Sociétés), 2, rue Olympe de Gouges, Bât. ILE, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - C Hubas
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR BOREA 8067, MNHN-IRD-CNRS-SU-UCN-UA, Station Marine de Concarneau, 29900 Concarneau, France
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Brooks AJ, Bray J, Nichols SJ, Shenton M, Kaserzon S, Nally RM, Kefford BJ. Sensitivity and specificity of macroinvertebrate responses to gradients of multiple agricultural stressors. Environ Pollut 2021; 291:118092. [PMID: 34520947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental degradation of rivers in agricultural landscapes is typically caused by multiple co-occurring stressors, but how interactions among stressors affect freshwater ecosystems is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the sensitivity and specificity of several measures of benthic macroinvertebrate community response to the individual and combined effects of the pesticide sulfoxaflor (SFX), increased sand sedimentation and elevated nutrients using outdoor recirculating mesocosms. Among the single stressor treatments, nutrients had no observable impact and sand only affected one community response measure compared to controls. High SFX levels had the largest effects on benthic macroinvertebrate communities, negatively affecting six of seven macroinvertebrate response measures. Sulfoxaflor had similar adverse effects on biota when in combination with sand and nutrients in the multi-stressor treatment, suggesting that generally SFX has overwhelming and pervasive effects irrespective of the presence of the other stressors. In contrast to SFX, elevated nutrients had no detectable effect on macroinvertebrate communities, likely as a consequence of nutrients being rapidly taken up by bacteria rather than by benthic algae. Elevated sand sedimentation increased the negative effects of SFX on sediment sensitive taxa, but generally had limited biological effects. This was despite the levels of sedimentation in our treatments being at concentrations that have caused large impacts in other studies. This research points to direct and rapid toxic effects of SFX on stream macroinvertebrates, contrasting with effects of the other stressors. This study emphasises that pesticide effects could be misattributed to other common freshwater stressors, potentially focussing restoration actions on a stressor of lesser importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Brooks
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; Department of Planning, Industry and Environment - Water, PO Box 53, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Bray
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia; Gisborne District Council, PO Box 747, Gisborne, 4010, New Zealand
| | - Susan J Nichols
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mark Shenton
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sarit Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Ralph Mac Nally
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ben J Kefford
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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27
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Rodriguez-Gil JL, Stoyanovich S, Hanson ML, Hollebone B, Orihel DM, Palace V, Faragher R, Mirnaghi FS, Shah K, Yang Z, Black TA, Cederwall J, Mason J, Patterson S, Timlick L, Séguin JY, Blais JM. Simulating diluted bitumen spills in boreal lake limnocorrals - Part 1: Experimental design and responses of hydrocarbons, metals, and water quality parameters. Sci Total Environ 2021; 790:148537. [PMID: 34215441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale, in-lake enclosures (limnocorrals) were used to simulate spills of diluted bitumen (dilbit) in a boreal lake. In this study we use these simulated spills, which covered a range of sizes (oil:water ratio) representative of the upper 25% of onshore crude oil spills in North America (2008-2019), to assess the fate of dilbit-derived hydrocarbons and metals as well as the impacts of the spills on standard water quality parameters. The systems were monitored over 70 days following the application of dilbit amounts ranging between 1.5 and 179.8 L into 10-m diameter, ~100 m3 limnocorrals. The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the water column increased rapidly over the first two weeks reaching a plateau that ranged between 200 μg/L and 2200 μg/L for the lowest and highest treatment respectively. The concentration of total polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) also increased over the first two weeks, prior to a slow decrease until day 70. The maximum measured concentrations in the highest treatment were 2858 ng/L for the sum of all 46 quantified PACs, 2716 ng/L for alkylated PACs and 154 ng/L for the 16 EPA priority PAHs. The concentrations of PACs in the sediment increased continuously over the study in the three highest treatments with maximum observed concentrations of 189 ng/g for ΣPAC46, 169 ng/g for ΣPACalk. No significant treatment-related changes in the 16 EPA priority PAHs were observed in the sediment. Of the 25 metals quantified in the water column, only manganese, molybdenum, and vanadium displayed a significant treatment effect with increases of 280, 76 and 25% respectively in the total fraction. These results can help us understand and predict the fate of oil-derived contaminants following a spill and characterize the exposure of freshwater organisms living within them. These results should help inform the risk assessment of future dilbit transportation projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Rodriguez-Gil
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0T4, Canada
| | | | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Bruce Hollebone
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1V 1H2, Canada
| | - Diane M Orihel
- Department of Biology and School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Vince Palace
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0T4, Canada
| | - Robert Faragher
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1V 1H2, Canada
| | - Fatemeh S Mirnaghi
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1V 1H2, Canada
| | - Keval Shah
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1V 1H2, Canada
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1V 1H2, Canada
| | - Tyler A Black
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Cederwall
- Department of Biology and School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Johanna Mason
- Department of Biology and School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Samuel Patterson
- Department of Biology and School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Lauren Timlick
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jonathan Y Séguin
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jules M Blais
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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28
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Chaves-Barquero LG, Humeniuk BW, Luong KH, Cicek N, Wong CS, Hanson ML. Crushed recycled glass as a substrate for constructed wetland wastewater treatment: a case study of its potential to facilitate pharmaceutical removal. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:52306-52318. [PMID: 34003437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of recycled glass as a substrate for constructed wetlands was assessed through two studies. The first study examined the dissipation of atenolol, carbamazepine, and sulfamethoxazole in mesocosm-modeled wetlands using glass or limestone gravel as substrates, with or without cattails (Typha spp.). Following pseudo-first-order kinetics, atenolol dissipated the fastest from the water surface of the mesocosms (t1/2~1 day), followed by sulfamethoxazole (t1/2~14 days), and carbamazepine (t1/2~48 days), with no significant differences across treatments. Increased half-lives were observed at greater depth, likely due to light screening. A Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis diagnosed sunlight absorption rates and second-order hydroxyl-mediated indirect photolysis rates to be the main sources of uncertainty in our dissipation rate estimates, compared to our observed rates. The second study examined in situ pharmaceutical removal in tertiary pilot-scale subsurface filters made of crushed recycled glass or sand in a wastewater treatment facility in Manitoba, Canada. Glass and sand showed no significant differences for pharmaceutical removals; atenolol and metoprolol were removed below limits of detection, while carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole persisted over a retention time of 24 h. Overall, recycled glass performed similarly to traditional substrates for wetland-based wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Chaves-Barquero
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, 30101, Costa Rica.
| | - Braedon W Humeniuk
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Kim H Luong
- Richardson College for the Environment, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Nazim Cicek
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Charles S Wong
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, 30101, Costa Rica
- Richardson College for the Environment, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
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29
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Merga LB, Van den Brink PJ. Ecological effects of imidacloprid on a tropical freshwater ecosystem and subsequent recovery dynamics. Sci Total Environ 2021; 784:147167. [PMID: 34088063 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of imidacloprid on structural (invertebrates and primary producers) and functional (organic matter decomposition and physicochemical parameters) characteristics of tropical freshwaters using acute single species and mesocosm studies performed in Ethiopia. The recovery of affected endpoints was also studied by using a mesocosm study period of 21 weeks. Our acute toxicity test showed that Cloeon dipterum (96-h EC50 = 1.5 μg/L) and Caenis horaria (96-h EC50 = 1.9 μg/L) are relatively sensitive arthropods to imidacloprid. The mesocosm experiment evaluated the effects of four applications of imidacloprid with a weekly interval and the results showed that the macroinvertebrate and zooplankton community structure changed significantly due to imidacloprid contamination in mesocosms repeatedly dosed with ≥0.1 and ≥ 0.01 μg/L, respectively (time weighted average concentrations of 112 days (TWA112d) of ≥0.124 and ≥ ≈0.02 μg/L, respectively). The largest responses were found for C. dipterum, C. horaria, Brachionus sp. and Filinia sp. Chlorophyll-a concentrations of periphyton and phytoplankton significantly increased in the ≥0.1 μg/L treatments levels which are indirect effects as a result of the release of grazing pressure. A significant, but quantitatively small, decrease of organic matter decomposition rate was observed in mesocosms treated with repeated doses of 1 μg/L (TWA112d of 2.09 μg/L). No recovery was observed for the macroinvertebrates community during the study period of 21 weeks, but zooplankton recovered after 9 weeks. We observed spatio-temporal related toxicity differences between tropical and temperate aquatic taxa, with tropical taxa generally being more sensitive. This suggests that use of temperate toxicity data for the risk assessment of imidacloprid in tropical region is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemessa B Merga
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Chemistry, Ambo University, P.O. Box 240, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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30
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Pinto TJDS, Freitas JS, Moreira RA, Silva LCMD, Yoshii MPC, Lopes LFDP, Goulart BV, Vanderlei MR, Athayde DB, Fraga PD, Ogura AP, Schiesari L, Montagner CC, Daam MA, Espindola ELG. Functional responses of Hyalella meinerti after exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations of 2,4-D, fipronil, and vinasse (individually and in mixture). Aquat Toxicol 2021; 231:105712. [PMID: 33340833 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane crops management in Brazil includes the use of pesticides, as well as alternative organic fertilizers such as vinasse obtained from waste of the ethanol industry. In order to assess the effects of the environmental contamination generated by such sugarcane practices, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of the pesticides 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and fipronil, as well as vinasse, on the survival, behavior, and reproduction of the native epibenthic macroinvertebrate Hyalella meinerti through in situ and laboratory experiments. In situ assays were conducted in mesocosms with six treatments, i.e. untreated control, 2,4-D, fipronil, and vinasse, the mixture of the two pesticides, and both pesticides mixed with vinasse. Survival, swimming behavior, and reproduction were evaluated over time post contamination, from 0-96 h (T1) and 7-14 days (T2) through in situ experiments and 30-44 days (T3) and 75-89 days (T4) post contamination by laboratory bioassays with mesocosm water. In the T1 period, survival of H. meinerti was registered only in controls and mesocosms treated with 2,4-D. In the T2 period, treatments containing fipronil and vinasse (isolated or in both mixture treatments) still caused 100 % of mortality. Survival was recorded only in 2,4-D and control treatments, whereas reproduction only occurred in the control. In the T3 period, no survival occurred to fipronil and both mixture treatments. Vinasse and 2,4-D decreased total reproduction in comparison to control. In the T4 period, amphipods survival was detected when exposed to fipronil and its mixture with 2,4-D. However, these same treatments decreased the amplexus rates and total reproduction, with synergism denoted for the pesticide mixture. The swimming activity of males, females, and couples was decreased in surviving organisms exposed to 2,4-D, fipronil, vinasse, and the mixture of pesticides along all experimental periods. Our study showed that the application of fipronil, 2,4-D, and vinasse isolated or mixed at realistic concentrations of actual sugarcane management practices may negatively impact functional responses of indigenous amphipods in natural aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Juliane Silberschmidt Freitas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minas Gerais State University (UEMG), R. Ver. Geraldo Moisés da Silva, s/n - Universitário, 38302-192, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Laís Conceição Menezes da Silva
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Laís Fernanda de Palma Lopes
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Reghini Vanderlei
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Danillo Badolato Athayde
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Priscille Dreux Fraga
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Allan Pretti Ogura
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Luis Schiesari
- EACH, USP - School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
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31
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Engström-Öst J, Kanerva M, Vuori K, Riebesell U, Spisla C, Glippa O. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence responses in two marine copepods in a high CO 2 experiment. Sci Total Environ 2020; 745:140600. [PMID: 32717595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We collected samples for oxidative stress and antioxidants in a high CO2 mesocosm experiment for two weeks, focussing on two common crustacean copepods Calanus finmarchicus and Temora longicornis. The samples were collected during a field experiment campaign studying responses of plankton communities to future ocean acidification (OA), off the Norwegian coast south of Bergen. The main results showed that there were species-specific differences between Temora and Calanus, especially in antioxidant defences (glutathione system) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and reduced:oxidised glutathione ratio). Regular monitoring of chlorophyll a and jellyfish abundances taking place during the field campaign revealed that both chl a and predators may have affected the eco-physiological response. Antioxidant and oxidative stress levels are known to respond sensitively to both the food quality and quantity and the predator pressure, apart from environmental (i.e., abiotic) changes. Calanus was more robust towards OA, perhaps due to its high tolerance to a wide range of vertical physical-chemical conditions. Both top-down and bottom-up factors seem to play a role for the outcome of copepod responses to future ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, JP-790-8577 Matsuyama, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kristiina Vuori
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, DE-24148 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Carsten Spisla
- Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, DE-24148 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Olivier Glippa
- Novia University of Applied Sciences, FI-10600 Ekenäs, Finland
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32
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David V, Joachim S, Catteau A, Nott K, Ronkart S, Robert C, Gillard N, Bado-Nilles A, Chadili E, Palluel O, Turies C, Julian N, Castiglione J, Dedourge-Geffard O, Hani Y, Geffard A, Porcher JM, Beaudouin R. Effects of chronic exposure to a pharmaceutical mixture on the three-spined stickleback (gasterosteus aculeatus) population dynamics in lotic mesocosms. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 224:105499. [PMID: 32416570 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical substances are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and their concentration levels typically range from ng/L up to several μg/L. Furthermore, as those compounds are designed to be highly biologically active, assessing their impacts on non-target organisms is important. Here, we conducted a mesocosm experiment testing a mixture of five pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, carbamazepine, irbesartan, acetaminophen and naproxen) on fish, three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). The mixture concentration levels were chosen on the basis of the contamination of the Meuse river in Belgium which had been measured previously during a monitoring campaign undertaken in 2015 and 2016. Three nominal mixture concentration levels were tested: the lowest concentration level mixture was composed by environmentally-relevant concentrations that approximate average realistic values for each pharmaceuticals (Mx1); the two other levels were 10 and 100 times these concentrations. Although no impact on stickleback prey was observed, the mixture significantly impaired the survival of female fish introduced in the mesocosms at the highest treatment level without causing other major differences on fish population structure. Impacts on condition factors of adults and juveniles were also observed at both individual and population levels. Using a modelling approach with an individual-based model coupled to a bioenergetic model (DEB-IBM), we concluded that chronic exposure to environmentally-relevant concentrations of five pharmaceuticals often detected in the rivers did not appear to strongly affect the three-spined stickleback populations. Mechanisms of population regulation may have counteracted the mixture impacts in the mesocosms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane David
- Unité METO (Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Sandrine Joachim
- Unité ECOT (Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Audrey Catteau
- Unité ECOT (Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Katherine Nott
- Société wallonne des eaux (SWDE), 6220, Fleurus, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Anne Bado-Nilles
- Unité ECOT (Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Edith Chadili
- Unité ECOT (Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Olivier Palluel
- Unité ECOT (Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Cyril Turies
- Unité ECOT (Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Naïs Julian
- Unité METO (Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France; Unité ECOT (Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Julie Castiglione
- Unité ECOT (Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Odile Dedourge-Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France
| | - Younes Hani
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France
| | - Jean-Marc Porcher
- Unité ECOT (Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Rémy Beaudouin
- Unité METO (Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie), UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France.
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Campos D, Machado AL, Cardoso DN, Silva ARR, Silva PV, Rodrigues ACM, Simão FCP, Loureiro S, Grabicová K, Nováková P, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Effects of the organic UV-filter, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor, on benthic invertebrates and ecosystem function in artificial streams. Environ Pollut 2020; 260:113981. [PMID: 32041008 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the use of organic ultraviolet-filters (UV-filters) has increased worldwide, and these compounds are now considered emerging contaminants of many freshwater ecosystems. The present study aimed to assess the effects of 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor (4-MBC) on a freshwater invertebrate community and on associated ecological functions. For that, artificial streams were used, and a natural invertebrate benthic community was exposed to sediments contaminated with two concentrations of 4-MBC. Effects were evaluated regarding macroinvertebrate abundance and community structure, as well as leaf decomposition and primary production. Results showed that the macroinvertebrate community parameters and leaf decomposition rates were not affected by 4-MBC exposure. On the other hand, primary production was strongly reduced. This study highlights the importance of higher tier ecotoxicity experiments for the assessment of the effects of low concentrations of organic UV-filters on freshwater invertebrate community structure and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Campos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana L Machado
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diogo N Cardoso
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita R Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia V Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima C P Simão
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 725/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Nováková
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 725/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Aljaibachi R, Laird WB, Stevens F, Callaghan A. Impacts of polystyrene microplastics on Daphnia magna: A laboratory and a mesocosm study. Sci Total Environ 2020; 705:135800. [PMID: 31972940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most research into microplastics (MPs) in freshwaters has concentrated on measurements under controlled conditions without any link to the natural environment. Here we studied the effects of a 15 μm polystyrene MP on Daphnia magna survival, growth, and reproduction in the laboratory. We also exposed fifteen 25 L freshwater mesocosms to a high concentration of the same MPs. Five were controls seeded with five species found in all ponds (mosquito, water flea, midge, spire shell and water mite), five identical but treated with 15 μm polystyrene MPs and five seeded with only mosquitoes and water fleas. The laboratory chronic toxicity test for both adults and neonate Daphnia magna revealed that effects were more related to the availability of food rather than the toxicity of MPs. In the mesocosms most of the MPs settled in the sediment after the first week of exposure. After four weeks the D. magna population decreased significantly in the MP mesocosms compared to the control mesocosms, although it subsequently recovered. There was no impact on other organisms added to the mesocosms, other than a difference in timing of lesser water boatman (Corixa punctata) colonisation, which colonised the control mesocosms in week 4 and the treated 4 weeks later. The detrivorous, sediment sifting, mayfly Leptophlebia marginata appeared in mesocosms in the fourth week of sampling and with significantly higher numbers in the MP treated mesocosm. Their activity had no significant impact on MPs in the water column, although numbers did increase above zero. The significant decline of D. magna suggests that their effect in a natural situation is unpredictable where environmental conditions and invertebrate communities may add additional stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Aljaibachi
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AS, United Kingdom
| | - William Bruce Laird
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AS, United Kingdom
| | - Freya Stevens
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AS, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Callaghan
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AS, United Kingdom.
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35
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Finkel ZV, Liang Y, Nanjappa D, Bretherton L, Brown CM, Quigg A, Irwin AJ. A ribosomal sequence-based oil sensitivity index for phytoplankton groups. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 151:110798. [PMID: 32056593 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Species-level variability has made it difficult to determine the relative sensitivity of phytoplankton to oil and mixtures of oil and dispersant. Here we develop a phytoplankton group sensitivity index using ribosome sequence data that we apply to a mesocosm experiment in which a natural microbial community was exposed to oil and two oil-dispersant mixtures. The relative sensitivity of four phytoplankton taxonomic groups, diatoms, dinoflagellates, green algae, and Chrysophytes, was computed using the log of the ratio of the number of species that increase to the number that decrease in relative abundance in the treatment relative to the control. The index indicates that dinoflagellates are the most sensitive group to oil and oil-dispersant treatments while the Chrysophytes benefit under oil exposure compared to the other groups examined. The phytoplankton group sensitivity index can be generally applied to quantify and rank the relative sensitivity of diverse microbial groups to environmental conditions and pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe V Finkel
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Deepak Nanjappa
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Laura Bretherton
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - Andrew J Irwin
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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David V, Joachim S, Porcher JM, Beaudouin R. Modelling BPA effects on three-spined stickleback population dynamics in mesocosms to improve the understanding of population effects. Sci Total Environ 2019; 692:854-867. [PMID: 31539991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical, is ubiquitously present in the aquatic environment. Its impacts at the population level on three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) have been studied in artificial streams with low-dose BPA concentrations. The causes explaining the observed effects remained unclear. Here, we used an individual-based model coupled to a Dynamic Energy Budget model to (i) assess the potential of modelling to predict impacts at the population level using individual level laboratory ecotoxicological endpoints and (ii) provide insight on the mechanisms of BPA toxicity in these mesocosms. To do that, both direct and indirect effects of BPA on three-spined sticklebacks were incorporated in the model. Indeed, direct BPA effects on fish have been identified based on literature data whereas indirect effects on sticklebacks have been taken into account using sampling data of their prey from the exposed artificial streams. Results of the modelling showed that direct BPA effects on fish (impacts on gonad formation, growth, male reproductive behavior, eggs and larvae survival) mainly explained the three-spined stickleback population structure in the mesocosms, but indirect effects were not negligible. Hence, this study showed the potential of modelling in risk assessment to predict the impacts on fish population viability from behavioral and physiological effects measured on organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane David
- Unit of Models for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology (METO), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France; UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Sandrine Joachim
- UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Jean-Marc Porcher
- UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Rémy Beaudouin
- Unit of Models for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology (METO), INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France; UMR-I 02 SEBIO, INERIS, Parc ALATA, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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Rico A, Brock TCM, Daam MA. Is the Effect Assessment Approach for Fungicides as Laid Down in the European Food Safety Authority Aquatic Guidance Document Sufficiently Protective for Freshwater Ecosystems? Environ Toxicol Chem 2019; 38:2279-2293. [PMID: 31211455 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, the European Food Safety Authority aquatic guidance document describes the procedures for the derivation of regulatory acceptable concentrations (RACs) for pesticides in edge-of-field surface waters on the basis of tier-1 (standard test species), tier-2 (geometric mean and species sensitivity distributions [SSDs]), and tier-3 (model ecosystem studies) approaches. In the present study, the protectiveness of such a tiered approach was evaluated for fungicides. Acute and chronic RACs for tier-1 and tier-2B (SSDs) were calculated using toxicity data for standard and additional test species, respectively. Tier-3 RACs based on ecological thresholds (not considering recovery) could be derived for 18 fungicides. We show that tier-1 RACs, in the majority of cases, are more conservative than RACs calculated based on model ecosystem experiments. However, acute tier-2B RACs do not show a sufficient protection level compared with tier-3 RACs from cosm studies that tested a repeated pulsed exposure regime or when relatively persistent compounds were tested. Chronic tier-2B RACs showed a sufficient protection level, although they could only be evaluated for 6 compounds. Finally, we evaluated the suitability of the calculated RACs for 8 compounds with toxicity data for fungi. The comparison shows that the current RACs for individual fungicides, with a few exceptions (e.g., tebuconazole), show a sufficient protection level for structural and functional fungal endpoints. However, more data are needed to extend this comparison to other fungicides with different modes of action. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2279-2293. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Rico
- Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies on Water (IMDEA Water Institute), Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Theo C M Brock
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel A Daam
- Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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Mendes LA, Amorim MJB, Scott-Fordsmand JJ. Assessing the toxicity of safer by design CuO surface-modifications using terrestrial multispecies assays. Sci Total Environ 2019; 678:457-465. [PMID: 31077924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Safer by design (SBD) modifications of nanomaterials (NMs) have been pursued, aiming to maintain functionality and yet reduce hazard and support sustainable nanotechnology. The present case study involves copper oxide nanomaterials (CuO NMs) used in paint that have been surface modified by a SBD approach to particles coated with citrate (CIT-), ascorbate (ASC-), polyethylenimine (PEI+), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). We assessed the effect of the 4 different surface modified (CIT, ASC, PVP and PEI) NMs plus the pristine non-coated (PRI NM) and a Cu salt (CuCl2), using the soil multispecies test system (samples at 28-56-84 days). Further, the species were tested individually, and Cu was measured in the test media (soil and soil solution) and organisms. There was a potential relationship with zeta potential, and toxicity of CuO NMs was as follows: -PEI (+28 mV) caused the least impact, -ASC and -CIT (-17 mV, -18 mV) the most, while PVP and PRI (-8 mV, -9 mV) caused an intermediate response. Differences were not explained by the contribution of soluble Cu. Coating interfered with the release of Cu2+ and/or the activation of copper regulators and detoxification mechanisms in the organisms, i.e. time to reach some kind of stability in organisms' uptake was shorter for -ASC and longer for -PVP during prolonged time. Thus, one of the main findings is that NMs hazard assessment requires long term testing to understand predicted effects across materials. Further, the coverage using a multispecies approach offers increased relevance and a more ecosystem qualified response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Mendes
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO Box 314, Silkeborg DK-8600, Denmark
| | - M J B Amorim
- Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - J J Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO Box 314, Silkeborg DK-8600, Denmark
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Romero F, Sabater S, Font C, Balcázar JL, Acuña V. Desiccation events change the microbial response to gradients of wastewater effluent pollution. Water Res 2019; 151:371-380. [PMID: 30616049 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents have become increasingly recognized as a stressor for receiving rivers, their effects on river microbial communities remain elusive. Moreover, global change is increasing the frequency and duration of desiccation events in river networks, and we ignore how desiccation might influence the response of microbial communities to WWTP effluents. In this study, we evaluated the interaction between desiccation events and WWTP effluents under different dilution capacities. Specifically, we used artificial streams in a replicated regressional design, exposing first a section of the streams to a 7-day desiccation period and then the full stream to different levels of a realistic WWTP effluent dilution, from 0% to 100% of WWTP effluent proportion of the total stream flow. The microbial community response was assessed by means of high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and quantitative PCR targeting ecologically-relevant microbial groups. Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN) was used, together with model fitting, to determine community thresholds and potential indicator taxa. Results show significant interactions between WWTP effluents and desiccation, particularly when sediment type is considered. Indicator taxa included members of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria, with abrupt changes in community structure at WWTP effluent proportion of the total flow above 50%, which is related to nutrient levels ranging 4.6-5.2 mg N-NO3-L-1, 0.21-0.32 mg P-PO43-L-1 and 7.09-9.00 mg DOC L-1. Our work indicates that situations where WWTP effluents account for >50% of the total river flow might risk of dramatic microbial community structure changes and should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Romero
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain.
| | - Sergi Sabater
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Girona 17071 Spain
| | - Carme Font
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain
| | - José Luís Balcázar
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Emili Grahit 101, University of Girona, 17003 Girona Spain
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Cailleaud K, Bassères A, Gelber C, Postma JF, Ter Schure ATM, Leonards PEG, Redman AD, Whale GF, Spence MJ, Hjort M. Investigating predictive tools for refinery effluent hazard assessment using stream mesocosms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019; 38:650-659. [PMID: 30569466 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hazard assessment of refinery effluents is challenging because of their compositional complexity. Therefore, a weight-of-evidence approach using a combination of tools is often required. Previous research has focused on several predictive tools for sophisticated chemical analyses: biomimetic extraction to quantify the potentially bioaccumulative substances, 2-dimensional gas chromatography, modeling approaches to link oil composition to toxicity (PETROTOX), and whole-effluent toxicity assessments using bioassays. The present study investigated the value of these tools by comparing predicted effects to actual effects observed in stream mesocosm toxicity studies with refinery effluents. Three different effluent samples, with and without fortification by neat petroleum substances, were tested in experimental freshwater streams. The results indicate that the biological community shifted at higher exposure levels, consistent with chronic toxicity effects predicted by both modeled toxic units and potentially bioaccumulative substance measurements. The present study has demonstrated the potential of the predictive tools and the robustness of the stream mesocosm design to improve our understanding of the environmental hazards posed by refinery effluents. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:650-659. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Bassères
- Pôle d'études et de Recherche de Lacq, TOTAL, Lacq, France
| | | | | | | | - Pim E G Leonards
- Department of Environment and Health, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron D Redman
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Annandale, New Jersey, USA
| | - Graham F Whale
- Shell International, Shell Health Risk Science Team, Shell Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike J Spence
- Concawe, The European Oil Companies' Association for Environment, Health and Safety in Refining and Distribution, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Markus Hjort
- Concawe, The European Oil Companies' Association for Environment, Health and Safety in Refining and Distribution, Brussels, Belgium
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Ahmed W, Zhang Q, Kozak S, Beale D, Gyawali P, Sadowsky MJ, Simpson S. Comparative decay of sewage-associated marker genes in beach water and sediment in a subtropical region. Water Res 2019; 149:511-521. [PMID: 30500686 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing move towards using the quantitative polymerase chain (qPCR)-based sewage-associated marker genes to assess surface water quality. However, a lack of understanding about the persistence of many sewage-associated markers creates uncertainty for those tasked with investigating microbial water quality. In this study, we investigated the decay of two qPCR FIB [E. coli (EC), and Enterococcus spp. (ENT) 23S rRNA genes] and four sewage-associated microbial source tracking (MST) marker genes [human Bacteroides HF183 16S rRNA, adenovirus (HAdV), and polyomavirus (HPyV), and crAssphage, a recently described bacteriophage in feces], in outdoor mesocosms containing fresh and marine waters and their corresponding sediments. Decay rates of EC 23S rRNA, ENT 23S rRNA, and HF183 16S rRNA were significantly (p < 0.05) faster than the HAdV, HPyV and crAssphage markers in water samples from all mesocosms. In general, decay rates of bacterial targets were similar in the water columns of the studied mesocosms. Similarly, decay rates of viral targets were also alike in mesocosm water columns in relation to each other. The decay rates of FIB and sewage-associated markers were significantly faster in water samples compared to sediments in all three mesocosms. In the event of resuspension, FIB and marker genes from sediments can potentially recontaminate overlying waters. Thus, care should be taken when interpreting the occurrence of FIB and sewage-associated MST markers in water, which may have originated from sediments. The differential decay of these targets may also influence health outcomes and need to be considered in risk assessment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warish Ahmed
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Qld, 4102, Australia.
| | - Qian Zhang
- BioTechnology Institute, Departments of Soil, Water & Climate, and Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Sonya Kozak
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - David Beale
- CSIRO Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boggo Road, Qld, 4102, Australia
| | - Pradip Gyawali
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd., Kenepuru Science Center, Porirura, 5240, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, Departments of Soil, Water & Climate, and Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Stuart Simpson
- CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
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42
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Finnegan MC, Emburey S, Hommen U, Baxter LR, Hoekstra PF, Hanson ML, Thompson H, Hamer M. A freshwater mesocosm study into the effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam at multiple trophic levels. Environ Pollut 2018; 242:1444-1457. [PMID: 30142560 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid insecticide used widely in agriculture to control a broad spectrum of insect pests. To assess potential risks from this compound to non-target aquatic organisms, an outdoor mesocosm study was performed. Mesocosms (1300 L) were treated once with a formulated product with the active substance (a.s.) thiamethoxam at nominal concentrations of 1 (n = 3), 3 (n = 3), 10 (n = 4), 30 (n = 4), and 100 (n = 2) μg a.s./L, plus untreated controls (n = 4). Primary producers (phytoplankton), zooplankton, and macroinvertebrates were monitored for up to 93 days following treatment. Thiamethoxam was observed to have a water column dissipation half-life (DT50) of ≤1.6-5.2 days in the mesocosms. Community-based principal response curve analysis detected no treatment effects for phytoplankton, zooplankton, emergent insects, and macroinvertebrates, indicating a lack of direct and indirect effects. A number of statistically significant differences from controls were detected for individual phytoplankton and zooplankton species abundances, but these were not considered to be treatment-related due to their transient nature and lack of concentration-response. After application of 30 μg a.s./L, slight temporary effects on Asellus aquaticus could not be excluded. At 100 μg a.s./L, there was an effect with no clear recovery of Asellus observed, likely due to their inability to recolonize these isolated test systems. A statistically significant but transient reduction in the emergence of chironomids by day 23 at the 100 μg a.s./L treatment was observed and possibly related to direct toxicity from thiamethoxam on larval stages. Therefore, a conservative study specific No Observed Ecological Adverse Effect Concentration (NOEAEC) is proposed to be 30 μg a.s./L. Overall, based on current concentrations of thiamethoxam detected in North American surface waters (typically <0.4 μg/L), there is low likelihood of direct or indirect effects from a pulsed exposure on primary producers, zooplankton, and macroinvertebrates, including insects, as monitored in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Emburey
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Udo Hommen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Division Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, Schmallenberg, 57392, Germany
| | | | | | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Helen Thompson
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK.
| | - Mick Hamer
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
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Gattás F, De Stefano LG, Vinocur A, Bordet F, Espinosa MS, Pizarro H, Cataldo D. Impact of interaction between Limnoperna fortunei and Roundup Max ® on freshwater phytoplankton: An in situ approach in Salto Grande reservoir (Argentina). Chemosphere 2018; 209:748-757. [PMID: 29960942 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The joint impact of the glyphosate-based commercial formulation Roundup Max® and the invasive mussel Limnoperna fortunei on phytoplankton and water quality was assessed in Salto Grande reservoir, a scenario were both stressors coexist. We performed an in situ mesocosm approach, through a 7-day experiment using 400-L enclosures. The following treatments were applied by triplicate: addition of 250 mussels (M); addition of 5 mg L-1 of active ingredient (a.i.) in Roundup Max® (R); addition of 250 mussels and 5 mg L-1 of a.i. in Roundup Max® (MR), and controls, without any addition (C). R showed higher total phosphorus (TP) and ammonium nitrogen (NNH4+) concentrations due to the herbicide input, and a significant increase in algal abundance, biovolume and chlorophyll a levels (Chl-a). In M mussels grazed on phytoplankton, which resulted in subsequent phosphates (SRP) release. A decrease in species diversity was observed in R and M with respect to C. In MR, there were higher TP and NNH4+ concentrations, a decrease in biovolume, an antagonistic effect on Chl-a and a synergistic effect on phytoplankton abundance. Species diversity and evenness showed a significant decrease due to the explosive growth of a small and opportunistic Chlorophyta, Spermatozopsis exsultans. The dominance of this species may be due to negative selectivity for S. exsultans and/or release of potential competitors by L. fortunei, and to the input of nutrients by Roundup Max® and/or removal of competitors by its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Gattás
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Gabriela De Stefano
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Vinocur
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Bordet
- Comisión Técnica Mixta de Salto Grande, Concordia, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Mariela Soledad Espinosa
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. General Paz 1499 (1650) San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Haydée Pizarro
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Cataldo
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (C1428EGA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Ahmed W, Staley C, Kaiser T, Sadowsky MJ, Kozak S, Beale D, Simpson S. Decay of sewage-associated bacterial communities in fresh and marine environmental waters and sediment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7159-70. [PMID: 29869677 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the microbial quality of recreational waters is critical to effectively managing human health risks. In recent years, the development of new molecular methods has provided scientists with alternatives to the use of culture-based fecal indicator methods for investigating sewage contamination in recreational waters. Before these methods can be formalized into guidelines, however, we must investigate their utility, including strengths and weaknesses in different environmental media. In this study, we investigated the decay of sewage-associated bacterial communities in water and sediment from three recreational areas in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Outdoor mesocosms with water and sediment samples from two marine and one freshwater sites were inoculated with untreated sewage and sampled on days 0, 1, 4, 8, 14, 28, and 50. Amplicon sequencing was performed on the DNA extracted from water and sediment samples, and SourceTracker was used to determine the decay of sewage-associated bacterial communities and how they change following a contamination event. No sewage-associated operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in water and sediment samples after day 4; however, the bacterial communities remained changed from their background measures, prior to sewage amendment. Following untreated sewage inoculation, the mesocosm that had the most diverse starting bacterial community recovered to about 60% of its initial community composition, whereas the least diverse bacterial community only recovered to about 30% of its initial community composition. This suggests that a more diverse bacterial community may play an important role in water quality outcomes after sewage contamination events. Further investigation into potential links between bacterial communities and measures of fecal indicators, pathogens, and microbial source tracking (MST) markers is warranted and may provide insight for recreational water decision-makers.
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Toxværd K, Pančić M, Eide HO, Søreide JE, Lacroix C, Le Floch S, Hjorth M, Nielsen TG. Effects of oil spill response technologies on the physiological performance of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis. Aquat Toxicol 2018; 199:65-76. [PMID: 29614482 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A mesocosm study with oil in ice was performed in Van Mijenfjorden in Svalbard to compare effects of the oil spill responses (OSR) in situ burning, chemical dispersion and natural attenuation on the physiological performance of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis. Seawater collected from the mesocosms in winter and spring was used in laboratory incubation experiments, where effects on fecal pellet production, egg production and hatching success were investigated over a period of 14 days. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) seawater concentrations were lowest in winter. Brine channel formation in spring resulted in an 18 times increase in PAH concentration in the chemical dispersion treatment (1.67 μg L-1), and a 3 fold increase in the natural attenuation (0.36 μg L-1) and in situ burning (0.04 μg L-1) treatments. The physiological performance of female C. glacialis was unaffected by the PAH seawater concentrations. However, a higher mortality and deformity of nauplii was observed in the chemical dispersion treatment, highlighting the importance of considering secondary effects on next generation in future environmental risk assessment of OSR. This study shows that during the ice-covered period, chemical dispersion of oil spills leads to higher PAH exposure than natural attenuation and in situ burning, with potential consequences for recruitment of Arctic copepods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Toxværd
- Cowi Denmark, Department of Water & Nature, Parallelvej 2, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark; National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 201, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Marina Pančić
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 201, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Helene O Eide
- The University Centre in Svalbard, PO Box 156, 9171, Longyearbyen, Norway.
| | - Janne E Søreide
- The University Centre in Svalbard, PO Box 156, 9171, Longyearbyen, Norway.
| | - Camille Lacroix
- Cedre, 715 Rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, 29218, Brest Cedex 2, France.
| | | | - Morten Hjorth
- Cowi Denmark, Department of Water & Nature, Parallelvej 2, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Torkel Gissel Nielsen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 201, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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Pickford DB, Finnegan MC, Baxter LR, Böhmer W, Hanson ML, Stegger P, Hommen U, Hoekstra PF, Hamer M. Response of the mayfly (Cloeon dipterum) to chronic exposure to thiamethoxam in outdoor mesocosms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:1040-1050. [PMID: 29105812 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide that has been detected in surface water monitoring programs in North America and Europe. This has led to questions about its toxicity to nontarget insects, specifically those with an aquatic life stage. To address the uncertainty associated with possible impacts from environmental exposures, a chronic (35-d) outdoor mesocosm study with a formulated product containing thiamethoxam was conducted. The specific focus of the study was the response of mayflies (Ephemeroptera), which have been reported to be particularly sensitive in laboratory studies. A range of concentrations (nominally 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 µg/L thiamethoxam), plus untreated controls were tested, and the abundance and emergence of mayflies (Cloeon dipterum) were assessed weekly for 35 d. Mean measured time-weighted average exposures were within 6% of nominal over the duration of the study, with the mean half-life of thiamethoxam in each treatment ranging from 7 to 13 d. Statistically significant reductions in both larval abundance and adult emergence were observed at 10.0, 3.0, and 1.0 μg/L following 1, 2, and 3 wk of exposure, respectively. Exposure to 0.1 and 0.3 µg/L thiamethoxam had no statistically significant effect on larval mayfly abundance or adult emergence at any point in the study. These findings support a 35-d no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of 0.3 µg thiamethoxam/L for mayflies (C. dipterum) under chronic conditions. Furthermore, because the 95th percentile of environmental concentrations has been reported to be 0.054 µg/L, these results indicate that populations of C. dipterum and similarly sensitive aquatic insects are unlikely to be significantly impacted by thiamethoxam exposure in natural systems represented by the conditions in our study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1040-1050. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Pickford
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | - Meaghean C Finnegan
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
| | | | - Walter Böhmer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Petra Stegger
- Institut für Gewässerschutz-Mesocosm, Homberg/Ohm, Germany
| | - Udo Hommen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Schmallenberg, Germany
| | | | - Mick Hamer
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, United Kingdom
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Martín-Díaz J, García-Aljaro C, Pascual-Benito M, Galofré B, Blanch AR, Lucena F. Microcosms for evaluating microbial indicator persistence and mobilization in fluvial sediments during rainfall events. Water Res 2017; 123:623-631. [PMID: 28709106 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean rivers, which are subject to long, dry periods and heavy rainfall events, could be particularly useful for understanding future climate scenarios. This study generated microcosms that mimicked riverbank sediment resuspension into the water of a typical Mediterranean river as a consequence of heavy rainfall. The mobilization and inactivation of six fecal pollution indicators and microbial source tracking markers were evaluated. The T90 values in the sediments were: 4 days for sorbitol-fermenting Bifidobacterium, 11 days for culturable E. coli, 36 days for bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron strain GA17 and more than 42 days for qPCR-detected E. coli, somatic coliphages and sulfite-reducing clostridia spores. Bacteriophages and bacteria showed different resuspension and sedimentation patterns. The data obtained could be used in predictive models to assess the effects of climate change on surface water quality. Pathogen mobilization into the water column poses a risk for humans, animals and the natural environment, and breaches the One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Martín-Díaz
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, C/ Montalegre 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina García-Aljaro
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, C/ Montalegre 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Míriam Pascual-Benito
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, C/ Montalegre 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Galofré
- Aigües de Barcelona, EMGCIA, C/ General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anicet R Blanch
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, C/ Montalegre 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lucena
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; The Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, C/ Montalegre 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
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Joachim S, Roussel H, Bonzom JM, Thybaud E, Mebane CA, Van den Brink P, Gauthier L. A long-term copper exposure in a freshwater ecosystem using lotic mesocosms: Invertebrate community responses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:2698-2714. [PMID: 28558138 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A lotic mesocosm study was carried out in 20-m-long channels, under continuous, environmentally realistic concentrations of copper (Cu) in low, medium, and high exposures (nominally 0, 5, 25, and 75 μg L-1 ; average effective concentrations <0.5, 4, 20, and 57 μg L-1 respectively) for 18 mo. Total abundance, taxa richness, and community structure of zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and emerging insects were severely affected at Cu treatment levels of 25 and 75 μg L-1 . Some taxa were sensitive to Cu, including gastropods such as Lymnaea spp. and Physa sp., crustaceans such as Chydorus sphaericus, Gammarus pulex, and Asellus aquaticus, rotifers such as Mytilina sp. and Trichocerca sp., leeches such as Erpobdella sp., and the emergence of dipteran insects such as Chironomini. Other taxa appeared to be tolerant or favored by indirect effects, as in Chironimidae larvae, the emergence of Orthocladiinae, and the zooplankter Vorticella sp., which increased in the 25 and 75 μg L-1 treatments. After approximately 8 mo of Cu exposure, the macroinvertebrate community in the high treatment was decimated to the point that few organisms could be detected, with moderate effects in the medium treatment, and very slight effects in the low-Cu treatment. Subsequently, most taxa in the high-Cu exposure began a gradual and partial recovery. By the end of the study at 18 mo, macroinvertebrate taxa richness was similar to control richness, although overall abundances remained lower than controls. After 18 mo of copper exposure, a no-observed-effect concentration at the community level for consumers was set at 5 μg L-1 (4 μg L-1 as average effective concentration), and a lowest-observed-effect concentration at 25 μg L-1 (20 μg L-1 as average effective concentration). Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2698-2714. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Joachim
- In Vitro and In Vivo Unit, INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Hélène Roussel
- In Vitro and In Vivo Unit, INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Laboratoire ECOLAB, UMR 5245, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc Bonzom
- In Vitro and In Vivo Unit, INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Eric Thybaud
- Hazard and Impact on Living Organisms Unit, INERIS, Parc Technologique ALATA, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Paul Van den Brink
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laury Gauthier
- Laboratoire ECOLAB, UMR 5245, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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Mebane CA, Schmidt TS, Balistrieri LS. Larval aquatic insect responses to cadmium and zinc in experimental streams. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:749-762. [PMID: 27541712 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the risks of metal mixture effects to natural stream communities under ecologically relevant conditions, the authors conducted 30-d tests with benthic macroinvertebrates exposed to cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in experimental streams. The simultaneous exposures were with Cd and Zn singly and with Cd+Zn mixtures at environmentally relevant ratios. The tests produced concentration-response patterns that for individual taxa were interpreted in the same manner as classic single-species toxicity tests and for community metrics such as taxa richness and mayfly (Ephemeroptera) abundance were interpreted in the same manner as with stream survey data. Effect concentrations from the experimental stream exposures were usually 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than those from classic single-species tests. Relative to a response addition model, which assumes that the joint toxicity of the mixtures can be predicted from the product of their responses to individual toxicants, the Cd+Zn mixtures generally showed slightly less than additive toxicity. The authors applied a modeling approach called Tox to explore the mixture toxicity results and to relate the experimental stream results to field data. The approach predicts the accumulation of toxicants (hydrogen, Cd, and Zn) on organisms using a 2-pKa bidentate model that defines interactions between dissolved cations and biological receptors (biotic ligands) and relates that accumulation through a logistic equation to biological response. The Tox modeling was able to predict Cd+Zn mixture responses from the single-metal exposures as well as responses from field data. The similarity of response patterns between the 30-d experimental stream tests and field data supports the environmental relevance of testing aquatic insects in experimental streams. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:749-762. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Travis S Schmidt
- Fort Collins Science Center, US Geological Survey, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Laurie S Balistrieri
- US Geological Survey and School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Conroy E, Turner JN, Rymszewicz A, Bruen M, O'Sullivan JJ, Lawler DM, Lally H, Kelly-Quinn M. Evaluating the relationship between biotic and sediment metrics using mesocosms and field studies. Sci Total Environ 2016; 568:1092-1101. [PMID: 27373379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An ongoing research challenge is the detection of biological responses to elevated sediment and the identification of sediment-specific bioassessment metrics to evaluate these biological responses. Laboratory mesocosms and field observations in rivers in Ireland were used to evaluate the relationship between a range of biological and sediment metrics and to assess which biological metrics were best at discerning the effects of excess sediment on macroinvertebrates. Results from the mesocosm study indicated a marked decrease in the abundance of sensitive taxa with increasing sediment surface cover. % EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) and % E abundances exhibited the strongest negative correlation with sediment surface cover in the mesocosm study. The field study revealed that % EPT abundance was most closely correlated with % sediment surface cover, explaining 13% of the variance in the biological metric. Both studies revealed weaker relationships with a number of other taxonomy-based metrics including total taxon abundance, total taxon richness and moderate relationships with the Proportion of Sediment-sensitive Invertebrates metric (PSI). All trait-based metrics were poorly correlated with sediment surface cover in the field study. In terms of sediment metrics, % surface cover was more closely related to biological metrics than either re-suspendable sediment or turbidity. These results indicate that % sediment surface cover and % EPT abundance may be useful metrics for assessing the effect of excessive sediment on macroinvertebrates. However, EPT metrics may not be specific to sediment impact and therefore when applied to rivers with multiple pressures should be combined with observations on sediment cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Conroy
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - J N Turner
- School of Geography and UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - A Rymszewicz
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Bruen
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J J O'Sullivan
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - D M Lawler
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, UK
| | - H Lally
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Rd, Galway City, Ireland
| | - M Kelly-Quinn
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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