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Tan EH, Rathod-Mistry T, Strauss VY, O'Kelly J, Giorgianni F, Baxter R, Brunetti VC, Pedersen AB, Ehrenstein V, Prieto-Alhambra D. Evaluating the comparability of osteoporosis treatments using propensity score and negative control outcome methods in UK and Denmark electronic health record databases. J Bone Miner Res 2024:zjae059. [PMID: 38619297 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Evidence on the comparative effectiveness of osteoporosis treatments is heterogeneous. This may be attributed to different populations and clinical practice, but also to differing methodologies ensuring comparability of treatment groups before treatment effect estimation and the amount of residual confounding by indication. This study assessed the comparability of denosumab vs oral bisphosphonate (OBP) groups using propensity score (PS) methods and negative control outcome (NCO) analysis. A total of 280 288 women aged ≥50 years initiating denosumab or OBP in 2011-2018 were included from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and the Danish National Registries (DNR). Balance of observed covariates was assessed using absolute standardised mean difference (ASMD) before and after PS weighting, matching, and stratification, with ASMD >0.1 indicating imbalance. Residual confounding was assessed using NCOs with ≥100 events. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between treatment and NCO was estimated using Cox models. Presence of residual confounding was evaluated with two approaches1: >5% of NCOs with 95% CI excluding 1,2 >5% of NCOs with an upper CI <0.75 or lower CI >1.3. The number of imbalanced covariates before adjustment (CPRD 22/87; DNR 18/83) decreased, with 2-11% imbalance remaining after weighting, matching or stratification. Using approach 1, residual confounding was present for all PS methods in both databases (≥8% of NCOs), except for stratification in DNR (3.8%). Using approach 2, residual confounding was present in CPRD with PS matching (5.3%) and stratification (6.4%), but not with weighting (4.3%). Within DNR, no NCOs had HR estimates with upper or lower CI limits beyond the specified bounds indicating residual confounding for any PS method. Achievement of covariate balance and determination of residual bias were dependent upon several factors including the population under study, PS method, prevalence of NCO, and the threshold indicating residual confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Hooi Tan
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Trishna Rathod-Mistry
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Y Strauss
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Alma Becic Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vera Ehrenstein
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Mercadé-Besora N, Li X, Kolde R, Trinh NT, Sanchez-Santos MT, Man WY, Roel E, Reyes C, Delmestri A, Nordeng HME, Uusküla A, Duarte-Salles T, Prats C, Prieto-Alhambra D, Jödicke AM, Català M. The role of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing post-COVID-19 thromboembolic and cardiovascular complications. Heart 2024; 110:635-643. [PMID: 38471729 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2023-323483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between COVID-19 vaccination and the risk of post-COVID-19 cardiac and thromboembolic complications. METHODS We conducted a staggered cohort study based on national vaccination campaigns using electronic health records from the UK, Spain and Estonia. Vaccine rollout was grouped into four stages with predefined enrolment periods. Each stage included all individuals eligible for vaccination, with no previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccine at the start date. Vaccination status was used as a time-varying exposure. Outcomes included heart failure (HF), venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial thrombosis/thromboembolism (ATE) recorded in four time windows after SARS-CoV-2 infection: 0-30, 31-90, 91-180 and 181-365 days. Propensity score overlap weighting and empirical calibration were used to minimise observed and unobserved confounding, respectively.Fine-Gray models estimated subdistribution hazard ratios (sHR). Random effect meta-analyses were conducted across staggered cohorts and databases. RESULTS The study included 10.17 million vaccinated and 10.39 million unvaccinated people. Vaccination was associated with reduced risks of acute (30-day) and post-acute COVID-19 VTE, ATE and HF: for example, meta-analytic sHR of 0.22 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.29), 0.53 (0.44 to 0.63) and 0.45 (0.38 to 0.53), respectively, for 0-30 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, while in the 91-180 days sHR were 0.53 (0.40 to 0.70), 0.72 (0.58 to 0.88) and 0.61 (0.51 to 0.73), respectively. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccination reduced the risk of post-COVID-19 cardiac and thromboembolic outcomes. These effects were more pronounced for acute COVID-19 outcomes, consistent with known reductions in disease severity following breakthrough versus unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mercadé-Besora
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), IDIAP Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Xintong Li
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raivo Kolde
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nhung Th Trinh
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria T Sanchez-Santos
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wai Yi Man
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elena Roel
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), IDIAP Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Carlen Reyes
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), IDIAP Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Antonella Delmestri
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hedvig M E Nordeng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anneli Uusküla
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), IDIAP Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Clara Prats
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Annika M Jödicke
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martí Català
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Trinh NT, Jödicke AM, Català M, Mercadé-Besora N, Hayati S, Lupattelli A, Prieto-Alhambra D, Nordeng HM. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent long COVID: data from Norway. Lancet Respir Med 2024:S2213-2600(24)00082-1. [PMID: 38614106 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(24)00082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Th Trinh
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Annika M Jödicke
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martí Català
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Núria Mercadé-Besora
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saeed Hayati
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Angela Lupattelli
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hedvig Me Nordeng
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Barclay NL, Pineda Moncusí M, Jödicke AM, Prieto-Alhambra D, Raventós B, Newby D, Delmestri A, Man WY, Chen X, Català M. The impact of the UK COVID-19 lockdown on the screening, diagnostics and incidence of breast, colorectal, lung and prostate cancer in the UK: a population-based cohort study. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1370862. [PMID: 38601756 PMCID: PMC11004443 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1370862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic had collateral effects on many health systems. Cancer screening and diagnostic tests were postponed, resulting in delays in diagnosis and treatment. This study assessed the impact of the pandemic on screening, diagnostics and incidence of breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer; and whether rates returned to pre-pandemic levels by December, 2021. Methods This is a cohort study of electronic health records from the United Kingdom (UK) primary care Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD database. The study included individuals registered with CPRD GOLD between January, 2017 and December, 2021, with at least 365 days of clinical history. The study focused on screening, diagnostic tests, referrals and diagnoses of first-ever breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer. Incidence rates (IR) were stratified by age, sex, and region, and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated to compare rates during and after lockdown with rates before lockdown. Forecasted rates were estimated using negative binomial regression models. Results Among 5,191,650 eligible participants, the first lockdown resulted in reduced screening and diagnostic tests for all cancers, which remained dramatically reduced across the whole observation period for almost all tests investigated. There were significant IRR reductions in breast (0.69 [95% CI: 0.63-0.74]), colorectal (0.74 [95% CI: 0.67-0.81]), and prostate (0.71 [95% CI: 0.66-0.78]) cancer diagnoses. IRR reductions for lung cancer were non-significant (0.92 [95% CI: 0.84-1.01]). Extrapolating to the entire UK population, an estimated 18,000 breast, 13,000 colorectal, 10,000 lung, and 21,000 prostate cancer diagnoses were missed from March, 2020 to December, 2021. Discussion The UK COVID-19 lockdown had a substantial impact on cancer screening, diagnostic tests, referrals, and diagnoses. Incidence rates remained significantly lower than pre-pandemic levels for breast and prostate cancers and associated tests by December, 2021. Delays in diagnosis are likely to have adverse consequences on cancer stage, treatment initiation, mortality rates, and years of life lost. Urgent strategies are needed to identify undiagnosed cases and address the long-term implications of delayed diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L. Barclay
- Pharmaco− and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Pineda Moncusí
- Pharmaco− and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Annika M. Jödicke
- Pharmaco− and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Pharmaco− and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Berta Raventós
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danielle Newby
- Pharmaco− and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Delmestri
- Pharmaco− and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wai Yi Man
- Pharmaco− and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xihang Chen
- Pharmaco− and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marti Català
- Pharmaco− and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Mercadé-Besora N, Guo Y, Du M, Li X, Ramírez-Anguita JM, Moreno A, Valente A, Villalobos F, Cheng IL, Carrasco-Ribelles LA, van Swieten MM, Merkelbach M, Magoya M, Lasalvia P, Pericàs Pulido P, Berg P, Bosco-Lévy P, Lillini R, Ribeiro R, Bagga TK, Ramella V, Khalid S, Mayer MA, Leis A, Jödicke AM, Burn E, Prieto-Alhambra D, Català M, Prats-Uribe A. Incident use of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38523562 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied whether the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for COVID-19 resulted in supply shortages for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS We used US claims data (IQVIA PHARMETRICS® Plus for Academics [PHARMETRICS]) and hospital electronic records from Spain (IMASIS) to estimate monthly rates of HCQ use between January 2019 and March 2022, in the general population, and in RA and SLE patients. Methotrexate (MTX) was use was estimated as a control. RESULTS Over 13.5 million individuals (13,311,811 PHARMETRICS, 207,646 IMASIS) were included in the general population cohort. RA and SLE cohorts enrolled 135,259 and 39,295 patients respectively, in PHARMETRICS. Incidence of MTX and HCQ were stable before March 2020. On March 2020, the incidence of HCQ increased by 9- and 67-fold in PHARMETRICS and IMASIS respectively, to decrease in May 2020. Usage rates of HCQ went back to pre-pandemic trends in Spain, but remained high in the US, mimicking waves of COVID-19. No significant changes in HCQ use were noted among patients with RA and SLE. MTX use rates decreased during HCQ approval period for COVID-19 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Use of HCQ increased dramatically in the general population in both Spain and the US during March and April 2020. While Spain returned to pre-pandemic rates after the first wave, use of HCQ remained high and followed waves of COVID-19 in the US. However, we found no evidence of general shortages in the use of HCQ for both RA and SLE in the US. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mercadé-Besora
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuchen Guo
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Du
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xintong Li
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alberto Moreno
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Universidad de Sevilla/CSIC, Sevilla
| | | | - Felipe Villalobos
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lucía A Carrasco-Ribelles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Mary Magoya
- Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paolo Lasalvia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Pau Pericàs Pulido
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears - IdISBa, Spain
| | | | - Pauline Bosco-Lévy
- Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, University of Bordeaux, National Institute of Health and Medical Research CIC-P1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Roberto Lillini
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Trinamjot Kaur Bagga
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali
| | | | | | | | - Angela Leis
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annika M Jödicke
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Burn
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martí Català
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Prats-Uribe
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Wang Y, Su B, Xie J, Garcia-Rizo C, Prieto-Alhambra D. Long-term risk of psychiatric disorder and psychotropic prescription after SARS-CoV-2 infection among UK general population. Nat Hum Behav 2024:10.1038/s41562-024-01853-4. [PMID: 38514769 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite evidence indicating increased risk of psychiatric issues among COVID-19 survivors, questions persist about long-term mental health outcomes and the protective effect of vaccination. Using UK Biobank data, three cohorts were constructed: SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 26,101), contemporary control with no evidence of infection (n = 380,337) and historical control predating the pandemic (n = 390,621). Compared with contemporary controls, infected participants had higher subsequent risks of incident mental health at 1 year (hazard ratio (HR): 1.54, 95% CI 1.42-1.67; P = 1.70 × 10-24; difference in incidence rate: 27.36, 95% CI 21.16-34.10 per 1,000 person-years), including psychotic, mood, anxiety, alcohol use and sleep disorders, and prescriptions for antipsychotics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, mood stabilizers and opioids. Risks were higher for hospitalized individuals (2.17, 1.70-2.78; P = 5.80 × 10-10) than those not hospitalized (1.41, 1.30-1.53; P = 1.46 × 10-16), and were reduced in fully vaccinated people (0.97, 0.80-1.19; P = 0.799) compared with non-vaccinated or partially vaccinated individuals (1.64, 1.49-1.79; P = 4.95 × 10-26). Breakthrough infections showed similar risk of psychiatric diagnosis (0.91, 0.78-1.07; P = 0.278) but increased prescription risk (1.42, 1.00-2.02; P = 0.053) compared with uninfected controls. Early identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders in COVID-19 survivors, especially those severely affected or unvaccinated, should be a priority in the management of long COVID. With the accumulation of breakthrough infections in the post-pandemic era, the findings highlight the need for continued optimization of strategies to foster resilience and prevent escalation of subclinical mental health symptoms to severe disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Wang
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Binbin Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Xie
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Key Laboratory of Aging-related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Clemente Garcia-Rizo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Departament de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Català M, Mercadé-Besora N, Kolde R, Trinh NTH, Roel E, Burn E, Rathod-Mistry T, Kostka K, Man WY, Delmestri A, Nordeng HME, Uusküla A, Duarte-Salles T, Prieto-Alhambra D, Jödicke AM. The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent long COVID symptoms: staggered cohort study of data from the UK, Spain, and Estonia. Lancet Respir Med 2024; 12:225-236. [PMID: 38219763 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vaccines have proved effective to prevent severe COVID-19, their effect on preventing long-term symptoms is not yet fully understood. We aimed to evaluate the overall effect of vaccination to prevent long COVID symptoms and assess comparative effectiveness of the most used vaccines (ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2). METHODS We conducted a staggered cohort study using primary care records from the UK (Clinical Practice Research Datalink [CPRD] GOLD and AURUM), Catalonia, Spain (Information System for Research in Primary Care [SIDIAP]), and national health insurance claims from Estonia (CORIVA database). All adults who were registered for at least 180 days as of Jan 4, 2021 (the UK), Feb 20, 2021 (Spain), and Jan 28, 2021 (Estonia) comprised the source population. Vaccination status was used as a time-varying exposure, staggered by vaccine rollout period. Vaccinated people were further classified by vaccine brand according to their first dose received. The primary outcome definition of long COVID was defined as having at least one of 25 WHO-listed symptoms between 90 and 365 days after the date of a PCR-positive test or clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, with no history of that symptom 180 days before SARS-Cov-2 infection. Propensity score overlap weighting was applied separately for each cohort to minimise confounding. Sub-distribution hazard ratios (sHRs) were calculated to estimate vaccine effectiveness against long COVID, and empirically calibrated using negative control outcomes. Random effects meta-analyses across staggered cohorts were conducted to pool overall effect estimates. FINDINGS A total of 1 618 395 (CPRD GOLD), 5 729 800 (CPRD AURUM), 2 744 821 (SIDIAP), and 77 603 (CORIVA) vaccinated people and 1 640 371 (CPRD GOLD), 5 860 564 (CPRD AURUM), 2 588 518 (SIDIAP), and 302 267 (CORIVA) unvaccinated people were included. Compared with unvaccinated people, overall HRs for long COVID symptoms in people vaccinated with a first dose of any COVID-19 vaccine were 0·54 (95% CI 0·44-0·67) in CPRD GOLD, 0·48 (0·34-0·68) in CPRD AURUM, 0·71 (0·55-0·91) in SIDIAP, and 0·59 (0·40-0·87) in CORIVA. A slightly stronger preventative effect was seen for the first dose of BNT162b2 than for ChAdOx1 (sHR 0·85 [0·60-1·20] in CPRD GOLD and 0·84 [0·74-0·94] in CPRD AURUM). INTERPRETATION Vaccination against COVID-19 consistently reduced the risk of long COVID symptoms, which highlights the importance of vaccination to prevent persistent COVID-19 symptoms, particularly in adults. FUNDING National Institute for Health and Care Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Català
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Núria Mercadé-Besora
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raivo Kolde
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nhung T H Trinh
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena Roel
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edward Burn
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Trishna Rathod-Mistry
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kristin Kostka
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wai Yi Man
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonella Delmestri
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hedvig M E Nordeng
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anneli Uusküla
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Annika M Jödicke
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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8
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Markus AF, Rijnbeek PR, Kors JA, Burn E, Duarte-Salles T, Haug M, Kim C, Kolde R, Lee Y, Park HS, Park RW, Prieto-Alhambra D, Reyes C, Krishnan JA, Brusselle GG, Verhamme KM. Real-world treatment trajectories of adults with newly diagnosed asthma or COPD. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e002127. [PMID: 38413124 PMCID: PMC10900306 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of knowledge on how patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are globally treated in the real world, especially with regard to the initial pharmacological treatment of newly diagnosed patients and the different treatment trajectories. This knowledge is important to monitor and improve clinical practice. METHODS This retrospective cohort study aims to characterise treatments using data from four claims (drug dispensing) and four electronic health record (EHR; drug prescriptions) databases across six countries and three continents, encompassing 1.3 million patients with asthma or COPD. We analysed treatment trajectories at drug class level from first diagnosis and visualised these in sunburst plots. RESULTS In four countries (USA, UK, Spain and the Netherlands), most adults with asthma initiate treatment with short-acting ß2 agonists monotherapy (20.8%-47.4% of first-line treatments). For COPD, the most frequent first-line treatment varies by country. The largest percentages of untreated patients (for asthma and COPD) were found in claims databases (14.5%-33.2% for asthma and 27.0%-52.2% for COPD) from the USA as compared with EHR databases (6.9%-15.2% for asthma and 4.4%-17.5% for COPD) from European countries. The treatment trajectories showed step-up as well as step-down in treatments. CONCLUSION Real-world data from claims and EHRs indicate that first-line treatments of asthma and COPD vary widely across countries. We found evidence of a stepwise approach in the pharmacological treatment of asthma and COPD, suggesting that treatments may be tailored to patients' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniek F Markus
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Rijnbeek
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward Burn
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDROMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Haug
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chungsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Raivo Kolde
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Youngsoo Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae Woong Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDROMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carlen Reyes
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katia Mc Verhamme
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Infection Control & Epidemiology, OLV Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
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9
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Lo Re III V, Cocoros NM, Hubbard RA, Dutcher SK, Newcomb CW, Connolly JG, Perez-Vilar S, Carbonari DM, Kempner ME, Hernández-Muñoz JJ, Petrone AB, Pishko AM, Rogers Driscoll ME, Brash JT, Burnett S, Cohet C, Dahl M, DeFor TA, Delmestri A, Djibo DA, Duarte-Salles T, Harrington LB, Kampman M, Kuntz JL, Kurz X, Mercadé-Besora N, Pawloski PA, Rijnbeek PR, Seager S, Steiner CA, Verhamme K, Wu F, Zhou Y, Burn E, Paterson JM, Prieto-Alhambra D. Risk of Arterial and Venous Thrombotic Events Among Patients with COVID-19: A Multi-National Collaboration of Regulatory Agencies from Canada, Europe, and United States. Clin Epidemiol 2024; 16:71-89. [PMID: 38357585 PMCID: PMC10865892 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s448980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Few studies have examined how the absolute risk of thromboembolism with COVID-19 has evolved over time across different countries. Researchers from the European Medicines Agency, Health Canada, and the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration established a collaboration to evaluate the absolute risk of arterial (ATE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the 90 days after diagnosis of COVID-19 in the ambulatory (eg, outpatient, emergency department, nursing facility) setting from seven countries across North America (Canada, US) and Europe (England, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and Spain) within periods before and during COVID-19 vaccine availability. Patients and Methods We conducted cohort studies of patients initially diagnosed with COVID-19 in the ambulatory setting from the seven specified countries. Patients were followed for 90 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. The primary outcomes were ATE and VTE over 90 days from diagnosis date. We measured country-level estimates of 90-day absolute risk (with 95% confidence intervals) of ATE and VTE. Results The seven cohorts included 1,061,565 patients initially diagnosed with COVID-19 in the ambulatory setting before COVID-19 vaccines were available (through November 2020). The 90-day absolute risk of ATE during this period ranged from 0.11% (0.09-0.13%) in Canada to 1.01% (0.97-1.05%) in the US, and the 90-day absolute risk of VTE ranged from 0.23% (0.21-0.26%) in Canada to 0.84% (0.80-0.89%) in England. The seven cohorts included 3,544,062 patients with COVID-19 during vaccine availability (beginning December 2020). The 90-day absolute risk of ATE during this period ranged from 0.06% (0.06-0.07%) in England to 1.04% (1.01-1.06%) in the US, and the 90-day absolute risk of VTE ranged from 0.25% (0.24-0.26%) in England to 1.02% (0.99-1.04%) in the US. Conclusion There was heterogeneity by country in 90-day absolute risk of ATE and VTE after ambulatory COVID-19 diagnosis both before and during COVID-19 vaccine availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lo Re III
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Noelle M Cocoros
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Hubbard
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah K Dutcher
- Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Craig W Newcomb
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John G Connolly
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Perez-Vilar
- Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Dena M Carbonari
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria E Kempner
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José J Hernández-Muñoz
- Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B Petrone
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allyson M Pishko
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meighan E Rogers Driscoll
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sean Burnett
- Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies (CNODES), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Therapeutics Initiative, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine Cohet
- Data Analytics and Methods Task Force, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Dahl
- Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies (CNODES), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Antonella Delmestri
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura B Harrington
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Kuntz
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xavier Kurz
- Data Analytics and Methods Task Force, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Núria Mercadé-Besora
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Peter R Rijnbeek
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Claudia A Steiner
- Kaiser Permanente Colorado Institute for Health Research, Aurora, CO, USA
- Colorado Permanente Medical Group, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Katia Verhamme
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fangyun Wu
- Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies (CNODES), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yunping Zhou
- Humana Healthcare Research, Inc., Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Edward Burn
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Michael Paterson
- Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies (CNODES), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Català M, Burn E, Rathod-Mistry T, Xie J, Delmestri A, Prieto-Alhambra D, Jödicke AM. Observational methods for COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness research: an empirical evaluation and target trial emulation. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyad138. [PMID: 37833846 PMCID: PMC10859138 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are scarce data on best practices to control for confounding in observational studies assessing vaccine effectiveness to prevent COVID-19. We compared the performance of three well-established methods [overlap weighting, inverse probability treatment weighting and propensity score (PS) matching] to minimize confounding when comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated people. Subsequently, we conducted a target trial emulation to study the ability of these methods to replicate COVID-19 vaccine trials. METHODS We included all individuals aged ≥75 from primary care records from the UK [Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) AURUM], who were not infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 as of 4 January 2021. Vaccination status was then defined based on first COVID-19 vaccine dose exposure between 4 January 2021 and 28 January 2021. Lasso regression was used to calculate PS. Location, age, prior observation time, regional vaccination rates, testing effort and COVID-19 incidence rates at index date were forced into the PS. Following PS weighting and matching, the three methods were compared for remaining covariate imbalance and residual confounding. Last, a target trial emulation comparing COVID-19 at 3 and 12 weeks after first vaccine dose vs unvaccinated was conducted. RESULTS Vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts comprised 583 813 and 332 315 individuals for weighting, respectively, and 459 000 individuals in the matched cohorts. Overlap weighting performed best in terms of minimizing confounding and systematic error. Overlap weighting successfully replicated estimates from clinical trials for vaccine effectiveness for ChAdOx1 (57%) and BNT162b2 (75%) at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION Overlap weighting performed best in our setting. Our results based on overlap weighting replicate previous pivotal trials for the two first COVID-19 vaccines approved in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Català
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward Burn
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Trishna Rathod-Mistry
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Junqing Xie
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonella Delmestri
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annika M Jödicke
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Koblbauer I, Prieto-Alhambra D, Burn E, Pinedo-Villanueva R. Applying Trial-Derived Treatment Effects to Real-World Populations: Generalizing Cost-Effectiveness Estimates When Modeling Complex Hazards. Value Health 2024; 27:173-181. [PMID: 38042335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Generalizability of trial-based cost-effectiveness estimates to real-world target populations is important for decision making. In the context of independent aggregate time-to-event baseline and relative effects data, complex hazards can make modeling of data for use in economic evaluation challenging. Our article provides an overview of methods that can be used to apply trial-derived relative treatment effects to external real-world baselines when faced with complex hazards and follows with a motivating example. METHODS Approaches for applying trial-derived relative effects to real-world baselines are presented in the context of complex hazards. Appropriate methods are applied in a cost-effectiveness analysis using data from a previously published study assessing the real-world cost-effectiveness of a treatment for carcinoma of the head and neck as a motivating example. RESULTS Lack of common hazards between the trial and target real-world population, a complex baseline hazard function, and nonproportional relative effects made the use of flexible models necessary to adequately estimate survival. Assuming common distributions between trial and real-world reference survival substantially affected survival and cost-effectiveness estimates. Modeling time-dependent vs proportional relative effects affected estimates to a lesser extent, dependent on assumptions used in cost-effectiveness modeling. CONCLUSIONS Appropriately capturing reference treatment survival when attempting to generalize trial-derived relative treatment effects to real-world target populations can have important impacts on cost-effectiveness estimates. A balance between model complexity and adequacy for decision making should be considered where multiple data sources with complex hazards are being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Koblbauer
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK.
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK; Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Centre University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward Burn
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Rafael Pinedo-Villanueva
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, England, UK
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12
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Szilcz M, Wastesson JW, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Prieto-Alhambra D, Blotière PO, Maura G, Johnell K. Cholinesterase inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of peptic ulcers: A self-controlled study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024; 72:456-466. [PMID: 37905683 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be used with caution in adults aged 65 years and older. Their gastrointestinal adverse event risk might be further reinforced when using concomitant cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs). We aimed to investigate the association between NSAIDs and ChEI use and the risk of peptic ulcers in adults aged 65 years and older. METHODS Register-based self-controlled case series study including adults ≥65 years with a new prescription of ChEIs and NSAIDs, diagnosed with incident peptic ulcer in Sweden, 2007-2020. We identified persons from the Total Population Register individually linked to several nationwide registers. We estimated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of peptic ulcer with a conditional Poisson regression model for four mutually exclusive risk periods: use of ChEIs, NSAIDs, and the combination of ChEIs and NSAIDs, compared with the non-treatment in the same individual. Risk periods were identified based on the prescribed daily dose, extracted via a text-parsing algorithm, and a 30-day grace period. RESULTS Of 70,060 individuals initiating both ChEIs and NSAIDs, we identified 1500 persons with peptic ulcer (median age at peptic ulcer 80 years), of whom 58% were females. Compared with the non-treatment periods, the risk of peptic ulcer substantially increased for the combination of ChEIs and NSAIDs (IRR: 9.0, [6.8-11.8]), more than for NSAIDs alone (5.2, [4.4-6.0]). No increased risks were found for the use of ChEIs alone (1.0, [0.9-1.2]). DISCUSSION We found that the risk of peptic ulcer associated with the concomitant use of NSAIDs and ChEIs was over and beyond the risk associated with NSAIDs alone. Our results underscore the importance of carefully considering the risk of peptic ulcers when co-prescribing NSAIDs and ChEIs to adults aged 65 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Szilcz
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas W Wastesson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre-Olivier Blotière
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Géric Maura
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Johnell
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Voss EA, Blacketer C, van Sandijk S, Moinat M, Kallfelz M, van Speybroeck M, Prieto-Alhambra D, Schuemie MJ, Rijnbeek PR. European Health Data & Evidence Network-learnings from building out a standardized international health data network. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 31:209-219. [PMID: 37952118 PMCID: PMC10746315 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health data standardized to a common data model (CDM) simplifies and facilitates research. This study examines the factors that make standardizing observational health data to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDM successful. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five data partners (DPs) from 11 countries received funding from the European Health Data Evidence Network (EHDEN) to standardize their data. Three surveys, DataQualityDashboard results, and statistics from the conversion process were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Our measures of success were the total number of days to transform source data into the OMOP CDM and participation in network research. RESULTS The health data converted to CDM represented more than 133 million patients. 100%, 88%, and 84% of DPs took Surveys 1, 2, and 3. The median duration of the 6 key extract, transform, and load (ETL) processes ranged from 4 to 115 days. Of the 25 DPs, 21 DPs were considered applicable for analysis of which 52% standardized their data on time, and 48% participated in an international collaborative study. DISCUSSION This study shows that the consistent workflow used by EHDEN proves appropriate to support the successful standardization of observational data across Europe. Over the 25 successful transformations, we confirmed that getting the right people for the ETL is critical and vocabulary mapping requires specific expertise and support of tools. Additionally, we learned that teams that proactively prepared for data governance issues were able to avoid considerable delays improving their ability to finish on time. CONCLUSION This study provides guidance for future DPs to standardize to the OMOP CDM and participate in distributed networks. We demonstrate that the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics community must continue to evaluate and provide guidance and support for what ultimately develops the backbone of how community members generate evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica A Voss
- OHDSI Collaborators, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development LLC, Raritan, NJ 08869, United States
| | - Clair Blacketer
- OHDSI Collaborators, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development LLC, Raritan, NJ 08869, United States
| | - Sebastiaan van Sandijk
- OHDSI Collaborators, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, NY, United States
- Odysseus Data Services, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maxim Moinat
- OHDSI Collaborators, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Kallfelz
- OHDSI Collaborators, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, NY, United States
- Odysseus Data Services, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michel van Speybroeck
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development LLC, Raritan, NJ 08869, United States
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- OHDSI Collaborators, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martijn J Schuemie
- OHDSI Collaborators, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, NY, United States
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development LLC, Raritan, NJ 08869, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Peter R Rijnbeek
- OHDSI Collaborators, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Gauffin O, Brand JS, Vidlin SH, Sartori D, Asikainen S, Català M, Chalabi E, Dedman D, Danilovic A, Duarte-Salles T, García Morales MT, Hiltunen S, Jödicke AM, Lazarevic M, Mayer MA, Miladinovic J, Mitchell J, Pistillo A, Ramírez-Anguita JM, Reyes C, Rudolph A, Sandberg L, Savage R, Schuemie M, Spasic D, Trinh NTH, Veljkovic N, Vujovic A, de Wilde M, Zekarias A, Rijnbeek P, Ryan P, Prieto-Alhambra D, Norén GN. Supporting Pharmacovigilance Signal Validation and Prioritization with Analyses of Routinely Collected Health Data: Lessons Learned from an EHDEN Network Study. Drug Saf 2023; 46:1335-1352. [PMID: 37804398 PMCID: PMC10684396 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-023-01353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individual case reports are the main asset in pharmacovigilance signal management. Signal validation is the first stage after signal detection and aims to determine if there is sufficient evidence to justify further assessment. Throughout signal management, a prioritization of signals is continually made. Routinely collected health data can provide relevant contextual information but are primarily used at a later stage in pharmacoepidemiological studies to assess communicated signals. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and utility of analysing routine health data from a multinational distributed network to support signal validation and prioritization and to reflect on key user requirements for these analyses to become an integral part of this process. METHODS Statistical signal detection was performed in VigiBase, the WHO global database of individual case safety reports, targeting generic manufacturer drugs and 16 prespecified adverse events. During a 5-day study-a-thon, signal validation and prioritization were performed using information from VigiBase, regulatory documents and the scientific literature alongside descriptive analyses of routine health data from 10 partners of the European Health Data and Evidence Network (EHDEN). Databases included in the study were from the UK, Spain, Norway, the Netherlands and Serbia, capturing records from primary care and/or hospitals. RESULTS Ninety-five statistical signals were subjected to signal validation, of which eight were considered for descriptive analyses in the routine health data. Design, execution and interpretation of results from these analyses took up to a few hours for each signal (of which 15-60 minutes were for execution) and informed decisions for five out of eight signals. The impact of insights from the routine health data varied and included possible alternative explanations, potential public health and clinical impact and feasibility of follow-up pharmacoepidemiological studies. Three signals were selected for signal assessment, two of these decisions were supported by insights from the routine health data. Standardization of analytical code, availability of adverse event phenotypes including bridges between different source vocabularies, and governance around the access and use of routine health data were identified as important aspects for future development. CONCLUSIONS Analyses of routine health data from a distributed network to support signal validation and prioritization are feasible in the given time limits and can inform decision making. The cost-benefit of integrating these analyses at this stage of signal management requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Martí Català
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Daniel Dedman
- Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | | | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Teresa García Morales
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Annika M Jödicke
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Milan Lazarevic
- Clinic for cardiac and transplant surgery, University Clinical Center Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Miguel A Mayer
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jelena Miladinovic
- Clinic for infectious diseases, University Clinical Center Nis, University Clinical Center Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | | | - Andrea Pistillo
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carlen Reyes
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Ruth Savage
- Uppsala Monitoring Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of General Practice, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martijn Schuemie
- Epidemiology Department, Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dimitrije Spasic
- Clinic for cardiac and transplant surgery, University Clinical Center Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Nhung T H Trinh
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nevena Veljkovic
- Heliant Ltd, Belgrade, Serbia
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ankica Vujovic
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marcel de Wilde
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Rijnbeek
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Ryan
- Epidemiology Department, Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Kostka K, Roel E, Trinh NTH, Mercadé-Besora N, Delmestri A, Mateu L, Paredes R, Duarte-Salles T, Prieto-Alhambra D, Català M, Jödicke AM. "The burden of post-acute COVID-19 symptoms in a multinational network cohort analysis". Nat Commun 2023; 14:7449. [PMID: 37978296 PMCID: PMC10656441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent symptoms following the acute phase of COVID-19 present a major burden to both the affected and the wider community. We conducted a cohort study including over 856,840 first COVID-19 cases, 72,422 re-infections and more than 3.1 million first negative-test controls from primary care electronic health records from Spain and the UK (Sept 2020 to Jan 2022 (UK)/March 2022 (Spain)). We characterised post-acute COVID-19 symptoms and identified key symptoms associated with persistent disease. We estimated incidence rates of persisting symptoms in the general population and among COVID-19 patients over time. Subsequently, we investigated which WHO-listed symptoms were particularly differential by comparing their frequency in COVID-19 cases vs. matched test-negative controls. Lastly, we compared persistent symptoms after first infections vs. reinfections.Our study shows that the proportion of COVID-19 cases affected by persistent post-acute COVID-19 symptoms declined over the study period. Risk for altered smell/taste was consistently higher in patients with COVID-19 vs test-negative controls. Persistent symptoms were more common after reinfection than following a first infection. More research is needed into the definition of long COVID, and the effect of interventions to minimise the risk and impact of persistent symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Kostka
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, CSM, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Roel
- I Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nhung T H Trinh
- PharmacoEpidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Núria Mercadé-Besora
- I Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonella Delmestri
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, CSM, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lourdes Mateu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions, Badalona, Spain
| | - Roger Paredes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions, Badalona, Spain
- irsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- I Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, CSM, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martí Català
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, CSM, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Annika M Jödicke
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, CSM, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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16
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Wormald JCR, Rodrigues J, Bheekharry R, Riley N, Tucker S, Furniss D, Dunlop R, Jones R, Applebe D, Herbert K, Prieto-Alhambra D, Cook J, Costa ML. The Hand and Wrist: AntImicrobials and Infection (HAWAII) trial. Br J Surg 2023; 110:1774-1784. [PMID: 37758504 PMCID: PMC10638545 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand trauma, comprising injuries to both the hand and wrist, affects over five million people per year in the NHS, resulting in 250 000 operations each year. Surgical site infection (SSI) following hand trauma surgery leads to significant morbidity. Triclosan-coated sutures may reduce SSI in major abdominal surgery but have never been tested in hand trauma. Feasibility needs to be ascertained before a definitive trial can be delivered in hand trauma. METHODS A multicentre feasibility RCT of antimicrobial sutures versus standard sutures involving adults undergoing surgery for hand trauma to evaluate feasibility for a definitive trial. Secondary objectives were incidence of SSI in both groups, hand function measured with patient-reported outcome measures, health-related quality of life and change in employment. Randomization was performed on a 1:1 basis, stratified by age of the patient and whether the injury was open or closed, using a secure, centralized, online randomization service. Participants were blinded to allocation. RESULTS 116 participants were recruited and randomized (60 intervention, 56 control). Of 227 screened, most were eligible (89.5 per cent), and most who were approached agreed to be included in the study (84.7 per cent). Retention was low: 57.5 per cent at 30 days, 52 per cent at 90 days and 45.1 per cent at 6 months. Incidence of SSI was >20 per cent in both groups. Hand function deteriorated after injury but recovered to near pre-injury levels during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Risk of SSI after hand trauma is high. A definitive RCT of antimicrobial sutures in hand trauma surgery is feasible, if retention is improved. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN10771059.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Conrad Rosen Wormald
- Oxford Trauma and Emergency Care, Kadoorie Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy Rodrigues
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Rinah Bheekharry
- Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Nicholas Riley
- Oxford University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Tucker
- Oxford University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Dominic Furniss
- Oxford University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Dunlop
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Treliske, Truro, Cornwall, UK
| | - Robin Jones
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Treliske, Truro, Cornwall, UK
| | - Duncan Applebe
- Oxford Trauma and Emergency Care, Kadoorie Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kate Herbert
- Oxford Trauma and Emergency Care, Kadoorie Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Cook
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Lee Costa
- Oxford Trauma and Emergency Care, Kadoorie Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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17
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Pineda-Moncusí M, Dernie F, Dell’Isola A, Kamps A, Runhaar J, Swain S, Zhang W, Englund M, Pitsillidou I, Strauss VY, Robinson DE, Prieto-Alhambra D, Khalid S. Classification of patients with osteoarthritis through clusters of comorbidities using 633 330 individuals from Spain. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3592-3600. [PMID: 36688706 PMCID: PMC10629784 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore clustering of comorbidities among patients with a new diagnosis of OA and estimate the 10-year mortality risk for each identified cluster. METHODS This is a population-based cohort study of individuals with first incident diagnosis of OA of the hip, knee, ankle/foot, wrist/hand or 'unspecified' site between 2006 and 2020, using SIDIAP (a primary care database representative of Catalonia, Spain). At the time of OA diagnosis, conditions associated with OA in the literature that were found in ≥1% of the individuals (n = 35) were fitted into two cluster algorithms, k-means and latent class analysis. Models were assessed using a range of internal and external evaluation procedures. Mortality risk of the obtained clusters was assessed by survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards. RESULTS We identified 633 330 patients with a diagnosis of OA. Our proposed best solution used latent class analysis to identify four clusters: 'low-morbidity' (relatively low number of comorbidities), 'back/neck pain plus mental health', 'metabolic syndrome' and 'multimorbidity' (higher prevalence of all studied comorbidities). Compared with the 'low-morbidity' cluster, the 'multimorbidity' cluster had the highest risk of 10-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 2.19 [95% CI: 2.15, 2.23]), followed by the 'metabolic syndrome' cluster (adjusted HR: 1.24 [95% CI: 1.22, 1.27]) and the 'back/neck pain plus mental health' cluster (adjusted HR: 1.12 [95% CI: 1.09, 1.15]). CONCLUSION Patients with a new diagnosis of OA can be clustered into groups based on their comorbidity profile, with significant differences in 10-year mortality risk. Further research is required to understand the interplay between OA and particular comorbidity groups, and the clinical significance of such results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pineda-Moncusí
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesco Dernie
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Dell’Isola
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne Kamps
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Runhaar
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Subhashisa Swain
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Weiya Zhang
- Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martin Englund
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Irene Pitsillidou
- EULAR Patient Research Partner (PRP), Executive Secretary of Cyprus League Against Rheumatism, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Victoria Y Strauss
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danielle E Robinson
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sara Khalid
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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18
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Tan EH, Robinson DE, Jödicke AM, Mosseveld M, Bødkergaard K, Reyes C, Moayyeri A, Voss A, Marconi E, Lapi F, Reinold J, Verhamme KMC, Pedersen L, Braitmaier M, de Wilde M, Ruiz MF, Aragón M, Bosco-Levy P, Lassalle R, Prieto-Alhambra D, Sanchez-Santos MT. Drug utilization analysis of osteoporosis medications in seven European electronic health databases. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1771-1781. [PMID: 37436441 PMCID: PMC10511353 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
We studied the characteristics of patients prescribed osteoporosis medication and patterns of use in European databases. Patients were mostly female, older, had hypertension. There was suboptimal persistence particularly for oral medications. Our findings would be useful to healthcare providers to focus their resources on improving persistence to specific osteoporosis treatments. PURPOSE To characterise the patients prescribed osteoporosis therapy and describe the drug utilization patterns. METHODS We investigated the treatment patterns of bisphosphonates, denosumab, teriparatide, and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) in seven European databases in the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, Spain, and Germany. In this cohort study, we included adults aged ≥ 18 years, with ≥ 1 year of registration in the respective databases, who were new users of the osteoporosis medications. The study period was between 01 January 2018 to 31 January 2022. RESULTS Overall, patients were most commonly initiated on alendronate. Persistence decreased over time across all medications and databases, ranging from 52-73% at 6 months to 29-53% at 12 months for alendronate. For other oral bisphosphonates, the proportion of persistent users was 50-66% at 6 months and decreased to 30-44% at 12 months. For SERMs, the proportion of persistent users at 6 months was 40-73% and decreased to 25-59% at 12 months. For parenteral treatment groups, the proportions of persistence with denosumab were 50-85% (6 month), 30-63% (12 month) and with teriparatide 40-75% (6 month) decreasing to 21-54% (12 month). Switching occurred most frequently in the alendronate group (2.8-5.8%) and in the teriparatide group (7.1-14%). Switching typically occurred in the first 6 months and decreased over time. Patients in the alendronate group most often switched to other oral or intravenous bisphosphonates and denosumab. CONCLUSION Our results show suboptimal persistence to medications that varied across different databases and treatment switching was relatively rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng Hooi Tan
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Danielle E Robinson
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Annika M Jödicke
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Mees Mosseveld
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrine Bødkergaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carlen Reyes
- Fundació Institut Universitari Per a La Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Annemarie Voss
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ettore Marconi
- Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Lapi
- Health Search, Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy
| | - Jonas Reinold
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Katia M C Verhamme
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Malte Braitmaier
- Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Marcel de Wilde
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Far Ruiz
- Fundació Institut Universitari Per a La Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Aragón
- Fundació Institut Universitari Per a La Recerca a L'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pauline Bosco-Levy
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM CIC-P1401, Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, Bordeaux, France
| | - Regis Lassalle
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM CIC-P1401, Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maria T Sanchez-Santos
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
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19
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Urdiales T, Dernie F, Català M, Prats-Uribe A, Prats C, Prieto-Alhambra D. Association between ethnic background and COVID-19 morbidity, mortality and vaccination in England: a multistate cohort analysis using the UK Biobank. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074367. [PMID: 37734898 PMCID: PMC10514643 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite growing evidence suggesting increased COVID-19 mortality among people from ethnic minorities, little is known about milder forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We sought to explore the association between ethnic background and the probability of testing, testing positive, hospitalisation, COVID-19 mortality and vaccination uptake. DESIGN A multistate cohort analysis. Participants were followed between 8 April 2020 and 30 September 2021. SETTING The UK Biobank, which stores medical data on around half a million people who were recruited between 2006 and 2010. PARTICIPANTS 405 541 subjects were eligible for analysis, limited to UK Biobank participants living in England. 23 891 (6%) of participants were non-white. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The associations between ethnic background and testing, testing positive, hospitalisation and COVID-19 mortality were studied using multistate survival analyses. The association with single and double-dose vaccination was also modelled. Multistate models adjusted for age, sex and socioeconomic deprivation were fitted to estimate adjusted HRs (aHR) for each of the multistate transitions. RESULTS 18 172 (4.5%) individuals tested positive, 3285 (0.8%) tested negative and then positive, 1490 (6.9% of those tested positive) were hospitalised, and 129 (0.6%) tested positive at the moment of hospital admission (ie, direct hospitalisation). Finally, 662 (17.4%) died after admission. Compared with white participants, Asian participants had an increased risk of negative to positive transition (aHR 1.24 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.52)), testing positive (95% CI 1.44 (1.33 to 1.55)) and direct hospitalisation (1.61 (95% CI 1.28 to 2.03)). Black participants had an increased risk of hospitalisation following a positive test (1.71 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.27)) and direct hospitalisation (1.90 (95% CI 1.51 to 2.39)). Although not the case for Asians (aHR 1.00 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.02)), black participants had a reduced vaccination probability (0.63 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.65)). In contrast, Chinese participants had a reduced risk of testing negative (aHR 0.64 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.73)), of testing positive (0.40 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.57)) and of vaccination (0.78 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.83)). CONCLUSIONS We identified inequities in testing, vaccination and COVID-19 outcomes according to ethnicity in England. Compared with whites, Asian participants had increased risks of infection and admission, and black participants had almost double hospitalisation risk, and a 40% lower vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Urdiales
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Energy Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesco Dernie
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martí Català
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Albert Prats-Uribe
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clara Prats
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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You SC, Seo SI, Falconer T, Yanover C, Duarte-Salles T, Seager S, Posada JD, Shah NH, Nguyen PA, Kim Y, Hsu JC, Van Zandt M, Hsu MH, Lee HL, Ko H, Shin WG, Pratt N, Park RW, Reich CG, Suchard MA, Hripcsak G, Park CH, Prieto-Alhambra D. Ranitidine Use and Incident Cancer in a Multinational Cohort. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2333495. [PMID: 37725377 PMCID: PMC10509724 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.33495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Ranitidine, the most widely used histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA), was withdrawn because of N-nitrosodimethylamine impurity in 2020. Given the worldwide exposure to this drug, the potential risk of cancer development associated with the intake of known carcinogens is an important epidemiological concern. Objective To examine the comparative risk of cancer associated with the use of ranitidine vs other H2RAs. Design, Setting, and Participants This new-user active comparator international network cohort study was conducted using 3 health claims and 9 electronic health record databases from the US, the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, France, South Korea, and Taiwan. Large-scale propensity score (PS) matching was used to minimize confounding of the observed covariates with negative control outcomes. Empirical calibration was performed to account for unobserved confounding. All databases were mapped to a common data model. Database-specific estimates were combined using random-effects meta-analysis. Participants included individuals aged at least 20 years with no history of cancer who used H2RAs for more than 30 days from January 1986 to December 2020, with a 1-year washout period. Data were analyzed from April to September 2021. Exposure The main exposure was use of ranitidine vs other H2RAs (famotidine, lafutidine, nizatidine, and roxatidine). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was incidence of any cancer, except nonmelanoma skin cancer. Secondary outcomes included all cancer except thyroid cancer, 16 cancer subtypes, and all-cause mortality. Results Among 1 183 999 individuals in 11 databases, 909 168 individuals (mean age, 56.1 years; 507 316 [55.8%] women) were identified as new users of ranitidine, and 274 831 individuals (mean age, 58.0 years; 145 935 [53.1%] women) were identified as new users of other H2RAs. Crude incidence rates of cancer were 14.30 events per 1000 person-years (PYs) in ranitidine users and 15.03 events per 1000 PYs among other H2RA users. After PS matching, cancer risk was similar in ranitidine compared with other H2RA users (incidence, 15.92 events per 1000 PYs vs 15.65 events per 1000 PYs; calibrated meta-analytic hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.97-1.12). No significant associations were found between ranitidine use and any secondary outcomes after calibration. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, ranitidine use was not associated with an increased risk of cancer compared with the use of other H2RAs. Further research is needed on the long-term association of ranitidine with cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng Chan You
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung In Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Thomas Falconer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jose D. Posada
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Nigam H. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Phung-Anh Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yeesuk Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jason C. Hsu
- International PhD Program in Biotech and Healthcare Management, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Min-Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Hang Lak Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heejoo Ko
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woon Geon Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Nicole Pratt
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rae Woong Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | | | - Marc A. Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - George Hripcsak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Medical Informatics Services, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Chan Hyuk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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21
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Jödicke AM, Tan EH, Robinson DE, Delmestri A, Prieto-Alhambra D. Risk of adverse events following the initiation of antihypertensives in older people with complex health needs: a self-controlled case series in the United Kingdom. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afad177. [PMID: 37725973 PMCID: PMC10508980 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the risk of adverse events-severe acute kidney injury (AKI), falls and fractures-associated with use of antihypertensives in older patients with complex health needs (CHN). SETTING UK primary care linked to inpatient and mortality records. METHODS The source population comprised patients aged >65, with ≥1 year of registration and unexposed to antihypertensives in the year before study start. We identified three cohorts of patients with CHN, namely, unplanned hospitalisations, frailty (electronic frailty index deficit count ≥3) and polypharmacy (prescription of ≥10 medicines). Patients in any of these cohorts were included in the CHN cohort. We conducted self-controlled case series for each cohort and outcome (AKI, falls, fractures). Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated by dividing event rates (i) during overall antihypertensive exposed patient-time over unexposed patient-time; and (ii) in the first 30 days after treatment initiation over unexposed patient-time. RESULTS Among 42,483 patients in the CHN cohort, 7,240, 5,164 and 450 individuals had falls, fractures or AKI, respectively. We observed an increased risk for AKI associated with exposure to antihypertensives across all cohorts (CHN: IRR 2.36 [95% CI: 1.68-3.31]). In the 30 days post-antihypertensive treatment initiation, a 35-50% increased risk for falls was found across all cohorts and increased fracture risk in the frailty cohort (IRR 1.38 [1.03-1.84]). No increased risk for falls/fractures was associated with continuation of antihypertensive treatment or overall use. CONCLUSION Treatment with antihypertensives in older patients was associated with increased risk of AKI and transiently elevated risk of falls in the 30 days after starting antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika M Jödicke
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, OX37LD, Oxford, UK
| | - Eng Hooi Tan
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, OX37LD, Oxford, UK
| | - Danielle E Robinson
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, OX37LD, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonella Delmestri
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, OX37LD, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, OX37LD, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center University, 40 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Matthewman J, Tadrous M, Mansfield KE, Thiruchelvam D, Redelmeier DA, Cheung AM, Lega IC, Prieto-Alhambra D, Cunliffe LA, Mulick A, Henderson A, Langan SM, Drucker AM. Association of Different Prescribing Patterns for Oral Corticosteroids With Fracture Preventive Care Among Older Adults in the UK and Ontario. JAMA Dermatol 2023; 159:961-969. [PMID: 37556153 PMCID: PMC10413212 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Importance Identifying and mitigating modifiable gaps in fracture preventive care for people with relapsing-remitting conditions such as eczema, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are prescribed high cumulative oral corticosteroid doses may decrease fracture-associated morbidity and mortality. Objective To estimate the association between different oral corticosteroid prescribing patterns and appropriate fracture preventive care, including treatment with fracture preventive care medications, among older adults with high cumulative oral corticosteroid exposure. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included 65 195 participants with UK electronic medical record data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (January 2, 1998, to January 31, 2020) and 28 674 participants with Ontario, Canada, health administrative data from ICES (April 1, 2002, to September 30, 2020). Participants were adults 66 years or older with eczema, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receiving prescriptions for oral corticosteroids with cumulative prednisolone equivalent doses of 450 mg or higher within 6 months. Data were analyzed October 22, 2020, to September 6, 2022. Exposures Participants with prescriptions crossing the 450-mg cumulative oral corticosteroid threshold in less than 90 days were classified as having high-intensity prescriptions, and participants crossing the threshold in 90 days or more as having low-intensity prescriptions. Multiple alternative exposure definitions were used in sensitivity analyses. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was prescribed fracture preventive care. A secondary outcome was major osteoporotic fracture. Individuals were followed up from the date they crossed the cumulative oral corticosteroid threshold until their outcome or the end of follow-up (up to 1 year after index date). Rates were calculated for fracture preventive care and fractures, and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression models comparing high- vs low-intensity oral corticosteroid prescriptions. Results In both the UK cohort of 65 195 participants (mean [IQR] age, 75 [71-81] years; 32 981 [50.6%] male) and the Ontario cohort of 28 674 participants (mean [IQR] age, 73 [69-79] years; 17 071 [59.5%] male), individuals with high-intensity oral corticosteroid prescriptions had substantially higher rates of fracture preventive care than individuals with low-intensity prescriptions (UK: 134 vs 57 per 1000 person-years; crude HR, 2.34; 95% CI, 2.19-2.51, and Ontario: 73 vs 48 per 1000 person-years; crude HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.29-1.72). People with high- and low-intensity oral corticosteroid prescriptions had similar rates of major osteoporotic fractures (UK: crude rates, 14 vs 13 per 1000 person-years; crude HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.98-1.15 and Ontario: crude rates, 20 vs 23 per 1000 person-years; crude HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.96). Results from sensitivity analyses suggested that reaching a high cumulative oral corticosteroid dose within a shorter time, with fewer prescriptions, or with fewer or shorter gaps between prescriptions, increased fracture preventive care prescribing. Conclusions The results of this cohort study suggest that older adults prescribed high cumulative oral corticosteroids across multiple prescriptions, or with many or long gaps between prescriptions, may be missing opportunities for fracture preventive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Matthewman
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Tadrous
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES (previously known as Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Canada
| | - Kathryn E. Mansfield
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deva Thiruchelvam
- ICES (previously known as Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Canada
| | - Donald A. Redelmeier
- ICES (previously known as Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Iliana C. Lega
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- ICES (previously known as Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amy Mulick
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Henderson
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sinéad M. Langan
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron M. Drucker
- Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- ICES (previously known as Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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23
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Xie J, Feng Y, Newby D, Zheng B, Feng Q, Prats-Uribe A, Li C, Wareham NJ, Paredes R, Prieto-Alhambra D. Genetic risk, adherence to healthy lifestyle and acute cardiovascular and thromboembolic complications following SARS-COV-2 infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4659. [PMID: 37537214 PMCID: PMC10400557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of determinants for COVID-19-related cardiovascular and thromboembolic (CVE) complications primarily covers clinical aspects with limited knowledge on genetics and lifestyles. Here, we analysed a prospective cohort of 106,005 participants from UK Biobank with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We show that higher polygenic risk scores, indicating individual's hereditary risk, were linearly associated with increased risks of post-COVID-19 atrial fibrillation (adjusted HR 1.52 [95% CI 1.44 to 1.60] per standard deviation increase), coronary artery disease (1.57 [1.46 to 1.69]), venous thromboembolism (1.33 [1.18 to 1.50]), and ischaemic stroke (1.27 [1.05 to 1.55]). These genetic associations are robust across genders, key clinical subgroups, and during Omicron waves. However, a prior composite healthier lifestyle was consistently associated with a reduction in all outcomes. Our findings highlight that host genetics and lifestyle independently affect the occurrence of CVE complications in the acute infection phrase, which can guide tailored management of COVID-19 patients and inform population lifestyle interventions to offset the elevated cardiovascular burden post-pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Xie
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuliang Feng
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Danielle Newby
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bang Zheng
- Department Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Qi Feng
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Albert Prats-Uribe
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Paredes
- Department of Infectious Diseases Department & irsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Germans 13 Trias i Pujol, Catalonia, Spain
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, US
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center University, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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24
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Sing CW, Lin TC, Bartholomew S, Bell JS, Bennett C, Beyene K, Bosco-Levy P, Bradbury BD, Chan AHY, Chandran M, Cooper C, de Ridder M, Doyon CY, Droz-Perroteau C, Ganesan G, Hartikainen S, Ilomaki J, Jeong HE, Kiel DP, Kubota K, Lai ECC, Lange JL, Lewiecki EM, Lin J, Liu J, Maskell J, de Abreu MM, O'Kelly J, Ooba N, Pedersen AB, Prats-Uribe A, Prieto-Alhambra D, Qin SX, Shin JY, Sørensen HT, Tan KB, Thomas T, Tolppanen AM, Verhamme KMC, Wang GHM, Watcharathanakij S, Wood SJ, Cheung CL, Wong ICK. Global Epidemiology of Hip Fractures: Secular Trends in Incidence Rate, Post-Fracture Treatment, and All-Cause Mortality. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1064-1075. [PMID: 37118993 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
In this international study, we examined the incidence of hip fractures, postfracture treatment, and all-cause mortality following hip fractures, based on demographics, geography, and calendar year. We used patient-level healthcare data from 19 countries and regions to identify patients aged 50 years and older hospitalized with a hip fracture from 2005 to 2018. The age- and sex-standardized incidence rates of hip fractures, post-hip fracture treatment (defined as the proportion of patients receiving anti-osteoporosis medication with various mechanisms of action [bisphosphonates, denosumab, raloxifene, strontium ranelate, or teriparatide] following a hip fracture), and the all-cause mortality rates after hip fractures were estimated using a standardized protocol and common data model. The number of hip fractures in 2050 was projected based on trends in the incidence and estimated future population demographics. In total, 4,115,046 hip fractures were identified from 20 databases. The reported age- and sex-standardized incidence rates of hip fractures ranged from 95.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 94.8-95.4) in Brazil to 315.9 (95% CI 314.0-317.7) in Denmark per 100,000 population. Incidence rates decreased over the study period in most countries; however, the estimated total annual number of hip fractures nearly doubled from 2018 to 2050. Within 1 year following a hip fracture, post-hip fracture treatment ranged from 11.5% (95% CI 11.1% to 11.9%) in Germany to 50.3% (95% CI 50.0% to 50.7%) in the United Kingdom, and all-cause mortality rates ranged from 14.4% (95% CI 14.0% to 14.8%) in Singapore to 28.3% (95% CI 28.0% to 28.6%) in the United Kingdom. Males had lower use of anti-osteoporosis medication than females, higher rates of all-cause mortality, and a larger increase in the projected number of hip fractures by 2050. Substantial variations exist in the global epidemiology of hip fractures and postfracture outcomes. Our findings inform possible actions to reduce the projected public health burden of osteoporotic fractures among the aging population. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor-Wing Sing
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tzu-Chieh Lin
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Bartholomew
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - J Simon Bell
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Corina Bennett
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Kebede Beyene
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pauline Bosco-Levy
- Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, INSERM CIC-P1401, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Brian D Bradbury
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Amy Hai Yan Chan
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Manju Chandran
- Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Maria de Ridder
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Caroline Y Doyon
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Jenni Ilomaki
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Han Eol Jeong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Edward Chia-Cheng Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jeff L Lange
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Julian Lin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jiannong Liu
- Chronic Disease Research Group, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joe Maskell
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Mirhelen Mendes de Abreu
- Rheumatology Service, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - James O'Kelly
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Nobuhiro Ooba
- School of Pharmacy, The Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Alma B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Albert Prats-Uribe
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Xiwen Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ju-Young Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Henrik T Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kelvin Bryan Tan
- School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tracy Thomas
- Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Katia M C Verhamme
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Grace Hsin-Min Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Stephen J Wood
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ching-Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ian C K Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, UK
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25
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Arshad F, Schuemie MJ, Bu F, Minty EP, Alshammari TM, Lai LYH, Duarte-Salles T, Fortin S, Nyberg F, Ryan PB, Hripcsak G, Prieto-Alhambra D, Suchard MA. Serially Combining Epidemiological Designs Does Not Improve Overall Signal Detection in Vaccine Safety Surveillance. Drug Saf 2023; 46:797-807. [PMID: 37328600 PMCID: PMC10345011 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-023-01324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccine safety surveillance commonly includes a serial testing approach with a sensitive method for 'signal generation' and specific method for 'signal validation.' The extent to which serial testing in real-world studies improves or hinders overall performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity remains unknown. METHODS We assessed the overall performance of serial testing using three administrative claims and one electronic health record database. We compared type I and II errors before and after empirical calibration for historical comparator, self-controlled case series (SCCS), and the serial combination of those designs against six vaccine exposure groups with 93 negative control and 279 imputed positive control outcomes. RESULTS The historical comparator design mostly had fewer type II errors than SCCS. SCCS had fewer type I errors than the historical comparator. Before empirical calibration, the serial combination increased specificity and decreased sensitivity. Type II errors mostly exceeded 50%. After empirical calibration, type I errors returned to nominal; sensitivity was lowest when the methods were combined. CONCLUSION While serial combination produced fewer false-positive signals compared with the most specific method, it generated more false-negative signals compared with the most sensitive method. Using a historical comparator design followed by an SCCS analysis yielded decreased sensitivity in evaluating safety signals relative to a one-stage SCCS approach. While the current use of serial testing in vaccine surveillance may provide a practical paradigm for signal identification and triage, single epidemiological designs should be explored as valuable approaches to detecting signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faaizah Arshad
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martijn J Schuemie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, New York, NY, USA
- Observational Health Data Analytics, Janssen R&D, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Fan Bu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan P Minty
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Thamir M Alshammari
- Medication Safety Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lana Y H Lai
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen Fortin
- Observational Health Data Analytics, Janssen R&D, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Fredrik Nyberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Patrick B Ryan
- Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, New York, NY, USA
- Observational Health Data Analytics, Janssen R&D, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - George Hripcsak
- Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Medical Informatics Services, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Health Data Sciences, Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Moon RJ, Reginster JY, Al-Daghri NM, Thiyagarajan JA, Beaudart C, Bruyère O, Burlet N, Chandran M, da Silva MC, Conaghan PG, Dere WH, Diez-Perez A, Hadji P, Halbout P, Hiligsmann M, Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Ormarsdottir S, Prieto-Alhambra D, Radermecker RP, Rizzoli R, Al-Saleh Y, Silverman SL, Simon LS, Thomasius F, van Staa T, Laslop A, Cooper C, Harvey NC. Real-world evidence: new opportunities for osteoporosis research. Recommendations from a Working Group from the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO). Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1283-1299. [PMID: 37351614 PMCID: PMC10382414 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review summarises the recommendations of a Working Group of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) for the conduct and reporting of real-world evidence studies with a focus on osteoporosis research. PURPOSE Vast amounts of data are routinely generated at every healthcare contact and activity, and there is increasing recognition that these real-world data can be analysed to generate scientific evidence. Real-world evidence (RWE) is increasingly used to delineate the natural history of disease, assess real-life drug effectiveness, understand adverse events and in health economic analysis. The aim of this work was to understand the benefits and limitations of this type of data and outline approaches to ensure that transparent and high-quality evidence is generated. METHODS A ESCEO Working Group was convened in December 2022 to discuss the applicability of RWE to osteoporosis research and approaches to best practice. RESULTS This narrative review summarises the agreed recommendations for the conduct and reporting of RWE studies with a focus on osteoporosis research. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative that research using real-world data is conducted to the highest standards with close attention to limitations and biases of these data, and with transparency at all stages of study design, data acquisition and curation, analysis and reporting to increase the trustworthiness of RWE study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Moon
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- WHO Collaborating Center for Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Health and Ageing, Liège, Belgium
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Charlotte Beaudart
- WHO Collaborating Center for Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Health and Ageing, Liège, Belgium
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Bruyère
- WHO Collaborating Center for Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Health and Ageing, Liège, Belgium
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nansa Burlet
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Manju Chandran
- Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Philip G Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, UK
| | - Willard H Dere
- Department of Internal Medicine, Utah Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Adolfo Diez-Perez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERFES, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peyman Hadji
- Frankfurt Centre for Bone Health, Frankfurt, Germany
- Philipps University of Marburg, Hesse, Germany
| | | | - Mickaël Hiligsmann
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - John A Kanis
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eugene V McCloskey
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Régis P Radermecker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, CHU Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - René Rizzoli
- Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yousef Al-Saleh
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Tjeerd van Staa
- Centre for Health Informatics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrea Laslop
- Scientific Office, Austrian Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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Kamps A, Runhaar J, de Ridder MAJ, de Wilde M, van der Lei J, Zhang W, Prieto-Alhambra D, Englund M, de Schepper EIT, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA. Comorbidity in incident osteoarthritis cases and matched controls using electronic health record data. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:114. [PMID: 37403135 PMCID: PMC10318652 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidities are common in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to determine the association of a wide range of previously diagnosed comorbidities in adults with newly diagnosed OA compared with matched controls without OA. METHODS A case-control study was conducted. The data were derived from an electronic health record database that contains the medical records of patients from general practices throughout the Netherlands. Incident OA cases were defined as patients with one or more diagnostic codes recorded in their medical records that correspond to knee, hip, or other/peripheral OA. Additionally, the first OA code had to be recorded between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2019. The date of cases' first OA diagnosis was defined as the index date. Cases were matched (by age, sex, and general practice) to up to 4 controls without a recorded OA diagnosis. Odds ratios were derived for each 58 comorbidities separately by dividing the comorbidity prevalence of cases by that of their matched controls at the index date. RESULTS 80,099 incident OA patients were identified of whom 79,937 (99.8%) were successfully matched with 318,206 controls. OA cases had higher odds for 42 of the 58 studied comorbidities compared with matched controls. Musculoskeletal diseases and obesity showed large associations with incident OA. CONCLUSIONS Most of the comorbidities under study had higher odds in patients with incident OA at the index date. While previously known associations were confirmed in this study, some associations were not described earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kamps
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Jos Runhaar
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria A J de Ridder
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcel de Wilde
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Lei
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Weiya Zhang
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2HA, UK
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Headington, OX3 7HE, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Englund
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopaedics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Wigerthuset, Remissgatan 4, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Evelien I T de Schepper
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sita M A Bierma-Zeinstra
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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28
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Hasheminasab SA, Prieto-Alhambra D, Moncusi MP, Khalid S. Machine Learning for Risk Factor Identification and Cardiovascular Mortality Prediction Among Patients with Osteoporosis. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38082839 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Risk prediction tools are increasingly popular aids in clinical decision-making. However, the underlying models are often trained on data from general patient cohorts and may not be representative of and suitable for use with targeted patient groups in actual clinical practice, such as in the case of osteoporosis patients who may be at elevated risk of mortality. We developed and internally validated a cardiovascular mortality risk prediction model tailored to individuals with osteoporosis using a range of machine learning models. We compared the performance of machine learning models with existing expert-based models with respect to data-driven risk factor identification, discrimination, and calibration. The proposed models were found to outperform existing cardiovascular mortality risk prediction tools for the osteoporosis population. External validation of the model is recommended.Clinical Relevance- This study presents the performance of machine learning models for cardiovascular death prediction among osteoporotic patients as well as the risk factors identified by the models to be important predictors.
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Händel MN, Cardoso I, von Bülow C, Rohde JF, Ussing A, Nielsen SM, Christensen R, Body JJ, Brandi ML, Diez-Perez A, Hadji P, Javaid MK, Lems WF, Nogues X, Roux C, Minisola S, Kurth A, Thomas T, Prieto-Alhambra D, Ferrari SL, Langdahl B, Abrahamsen B. Fracture risk reduction and safety by osteoporosis treatment compared with placebo or active comparator in postmenopausal women: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ 2023; 381:e068033. [PMID: 37130601 PMCID: PMC10152340 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the comparative effectiveness of osteoporosis treatments, including the bone anabolic agents, abaloparatide and romosozumab, on reducing the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women, and to characterise the effect of antiosteoporosis drug treatments on the risk of fractures according to baseline risk factors. DESIGN Systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of randomised clinical trials. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library to identify randomised controlled trials published between 1 January 1996 and 24 November 2021 that examined the effect of bisphosphonates, denosumab, selective oestrogen receptor modulators, parathyroid hormone receptor agonists, and romosozumab compared with placebo or active comparator. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Randomised controlled trials that included non-Asian postmenopausal women with no restriction on age, when interventions looked at bone quality in a broad perspective. The primary outcome was clinical fractures. Secondary outcomes were vertebral, non-vertebral, hip, and major osteoporotic fractures, all cause mortality, adverse events, and serious cardiovascular adverse events. RESULTS The results were based on 69 trials (>80 000 patients). For clinical fractures, synthesis of the results showed a protective effect of bisphosphonates, parathyroid hormone receptor agonists, and romosozumab compared with placebo. Compared with parathyroid hormone receptor agonists, bisphosphonates were less effective in reducing clinical fractures (odds ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 2.00). Compared with parathyroid hormone receptor agonists and romosozumab, denosumab was less effective in reducing clinical fractures (odds ratio 1.85, 1.18 to 2.92 for denosumab v parathyroid hormone receptor agonists and 1.56, 1.02 to 2.39 for denosumab v romosozumab). An effect of all treatments on vertebral fractures compared with placebo was found. In the active treatment comparisons, denosumab, parathyroid hormone receptor agonists, and romosozumab were more effective than oral bisphosphonates in preventing vertebral fractures. The effect of all treatments was unaffected by baseline risk indicators, except for antiresorptive treatments that showed a greater reduction of clinical fractures compared with placebo with increasing mean age (number of studies=17; β=0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 0.99). No harm outcomes were seen. The certainty in the effect estimates was moderate to low for all individual outcomes, mainly because of limitations in reporting, nominally indicating a serious risk of bias and imprecision. CONCLUSIONS The evidence indicated a benefit of a range of treatments for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women for clinical and vertebral fractures. Bone anabolic treatments were more effective than bisphosphonates in the prevention of clinical and vertebral fractures, irrespective of baseline risk indicators. Hence this analysis provided no clinical evidence for restricting the use of anabolic treatment to patients with a very high risk of fractures. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019128391.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nicole Händel
- Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Cecilie von Bülow
- Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Occupational Science, User Perspectives and Community-Based Interventions, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jeanett Friis Rohde
- Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anja Ussing
- Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Mai Nielsen
- Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Robin Christensen
- Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jean-Jacques Body
- Department of Medicine, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Adolfo Diez-Perez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut Hospital del Mar of Medical Investigation, Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERFES (Frailty and Healthy Aging Research Network), Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peyman Hadji
- Frankfurt Centre of Bone Health, Frankfurt and Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Muhammad Kassim Javaid
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Xavier Nogues
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Parc de Salut Mar, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Roux
- INSERM U 1153, Hospital Paris-Centre, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andreas Kurth
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Marienhaus Klinikum Mainz, Major Teaching Hospital, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thierry Thomas
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Rheumatology Department, INSERM U1059, F-42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Bente Langdahl
- Departments of Clinical Medicine and of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bo Abrahamsen
- Department of Clinical Research, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
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Kamps A, Runhaar J, de Ridder MAJ, de Wilde M, van der Lei J, Zhang W, Prieto-Alhambra D, Englund M, de Schepper EIT, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA. Occurrence of comorbidity following osteoarthritis diagnosis: a cohort study in the Netherlands. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:519-528. [PMID: 36528309 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk of comorbidity following diagnosis of knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN A cohort study was conducted using the Integrated Primary Care Information database, containing electronic health records of 2.5 million patients from the Netherlands. Adults at risk for OA were included. Diagnosis of knee or hip OA (=exposure) and 58 long-term comorbidities (=outcome) were defined by diagnostic codes following the International Classification of Primary Care coding system. Time between the start of follow-up and incident diagnosis of OA was defined as unexposed, and between diagnosis of OA and the end of follow-up as exposed. Age and sex adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) comparing comorbidity rates in exposed and unexposed patient time were estimated with 99.9% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The study population consisted of 1,890,712 patients. For 30 of the 58 studied comorbidities, exposure to knee OA showed a HR larger than 1. Largest positive associations (HR with (99.9% CIs)) were found for obesity 2.55 (2.29-2.84) and fibromyalgia 2.06 (1.53-2.77). For two conditions a HR < 1 was found, other comorbidities showed no association with exposure to knee OA. For 26 comorbidities, exposure to hip OA showed a HR larger than 1. The largest were found for polymyalgia rheumatica 1.81 (1.41-2.32) and fibromyalgia 1.70 (1.10-2.63). All other comorbidities showed no associations with hip OA. CONCLUSION This study showed that many comorbidities were diagnosed more often in patients with knee or hip OA. This suggests that the management of OA should consider the risk of other long-term-conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kamps
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - J Runhaar
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M A J de Ridder
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M de Wilde
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - J van der Lei
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - W Zhang
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - D Prieto-Alhambra
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - M Englund
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - E I T de Schepper
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - S M A Bierma-Zeinstra
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Junior EPP, Normando P, Flores-Ortiz R, Afzal MU, Jamil MA, Bertolin SF, Oliveira VDA, Martufi V, de Sousa F, Bashir A, Burn E, Ichihara MY, Barreto ML, Salles TD, Prieto-Alhambra D, Hafeez H, Khalid S. Integrating real-world data from Brazil and Pakistan into the OMOP common data model and standardized health analytics framework to characterize COVID-19 in the Global South. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:643-655. [PMID: 36264262 PMCID: PMC9619798 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocac180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this work is to demonstrate the use of a standardized health informatics framework to generate reliable and reproducible real-world evidence from Latin America and South Asia towards characterizing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Global South. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patient-level COVID-19 records collected in a patient self-reported notification system, hospital in-patient and out-patient records, and community diagnostic labs were harmonized to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership common data model and analyzed using a federated network analytics framework. Clinical characteristics of individuals tested for, diagnosed with or tested positive for, hospitalized with, admitted to intensive care unit with, or dying with COVID-19 were estimated. RESULTS Two COVID-19 databases covering 8.3 million people from Pakistan and 2.6 million people from Bahia, Brazil were analyzed. 109 504 (Pakistan) and 921 (Brazil) medical concepts were harmonized to Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership common data model. In total, 341 505 (4.1%) people in the Pakistan dataset and 1 312 832 (49.2%) people in the Brazilian dataset were tested for COVID-19 between January 1, 2020 and April 20, 2022, with a median [IQR] age of 36 [25, 76] and 38 (27, 50); 40.3% and 56.5% were female in Pakistan and Brazil, respectively. 1.2% percent individuals in the Pakistan dataset had Afghan ethnicity. In Brazil, 52.3% had mixed ethnicity. In agreement with international findings, COVID-19 outcomes were more severe in men, elderly, and those with underlying health conditions. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 data from 2 large countries in the Global South were harmonized and analyzed using a standardized health informatics framework developed by an international community of health informaticians. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates a potential open science framework for global knowledge mobilization and clinical translation for timely response to healthcare needs in pandemics and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzo Pereira Pinto Junior
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (Cidacs), Fiocruz-Brazil, Parque Tecnológico da Edf, Tecnocentro, R. Mundo, Salvador, BA 41745-715, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Normando
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (Cidacs), Fiocruz-Brazil, Parque Tecnológico da Edf, Tecnocentro, R. Mundo, Salvador, BA 41745-715, Brazil
| | - Renzo Flores-Ortiz
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (Cidacs), Fiocruz-Brazil, Parque Tecnológico da Edf, Tecnocentro, R. Mundo, Salvador, BA 41745-715, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Usman Afzal
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Johar Town, Lahore, 54840, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asaad Jamil
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Johar Town, Lahore, 54840, Pakistan
| | - Sergio Fernandez Bertolin
- Fundació Institut, Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, 587 08007, Spain
| | - Vinícius de Araújo Oliveira
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (Cidacs), Fiocruz-Brazil, Parque Tecnológico da Edf, Tecnocentro, R. Mundo, Salvador, BA 41745-715, Brazil
| | - Valentina Martufi
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (Cidacs), Fiocruz-Brazil, Parque Tecnológico da Edf, Tecnocentro, R. Mundo, Salvador, BA 41745-715, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Sousa
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (Cidacs), Fiocruz-Brazil, Parque Tecnológico da Edf, Tecnocentro, R. Mundo, Salvador, BA 41745-715, Brazil
| | - Amir Bashir
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Johar Town, Lahore, 54840, Pakistan
| | - Edward Burn
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Yury Ichihara
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (Cidacs), Fiocruz-Brazil, Parque Tecnológico da Edf, Tecnocentro, R. Mundo, Salvador, BA 41745-715, Brazil
| | - Maurício L Barreto
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (Cidacs), Fiocruz-Brazil, Parque Tecnológico da Edf, Tecnocentro, R. Mundo, Salvador, BA 41745-715, Brazil
| | - Talita Duarte Salles
- Fundació Institut, Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, 587 08007, Spain
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - Haroon Hafeez
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Johar Town, Lahore, 54840, Pakistan
| | - Sara Khalid
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
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Su B, Li D, Xie J, Wang Y, Wu X, Li J, Prieto-Alhambra D, Zheng X. Chronic Disease in China: Geographic and Socioeconomic Determinants Among Persons Aged 60 and Older. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:206-212.e5. [PMID: 36370750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to reveal the epidemic characteristics of chronic diseases among the Chinese older population and provide empirical strategies for the prevention and management of chronic diseases in the seniors in China. DESIGN A national cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 224,640 Chinese residents aged 60 and older were invited, and 222,179 (98.9%) participated in our survey. METHODS Standardized questionnaires were used to collect socioeconomic information and self-reported physician-diagnosed chronic diseases. The associations between individual socioeconomic status and chronic diseases were estimated using generalized linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS The national prevalence of any chronic diseases was 81.1% (95% CI 80.9-81.2), representing 179.9 million Chinese older adults. The prevalence increased with aging and peaked at 80 to 84 years old (87.2, 95% CI 86.7-87.7), this is consistent with studies in developing countries. Women (84.2, 84.0-84.4), rural residents (82.6, 82.4-82.8), and ethnic minorities (82.2, 81.5-82.8) had a higher prevalence than men (77.7, 77.4-77.9), urban residents (79.7, 79.5-79.9), and people of Han ethnicity (81.0, 80.8-81.2), respectively. For provincial prevalence, Tibet had the highest prevalence of chronic diseases (91.8, 91.5-92.0), and Fujian had the lowest (72.7, 72.5-72.9). The absolute differences between the highest and lowest provinces for the specific chronic condition ranged from 2.78% for cancer to 36.3% for cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Chronic diseases were highly prevalent among older adults in China and varied geographically. Advanced socioeconomic status appeared to have double-edged impacts on the prevalence of chronic diseases. Our findings support that reducing gender and geographic disparities should be prioritized in China's chronic disease prevention and management, and an affordable long-term care services system for older adults should be established urgently in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqing Xie
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiran Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Wu
- China Research Center on Ageing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Quantitative and Technological Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - D Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Xie J, Prieto-Alhambra D. Is There a Role for Thromboprophylaxis in Selected Outpatients With COVID-19?-Reply. JAMA Intern Med 2023; 183:169-170. [PMID: 36534381 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.5881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Xie
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine and the National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine and the National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Elhussein L, Jödicke AM, He Y, Delmestri A, Robinson DE, Strauss VY, Prieto-Alhambra D. Characterising complex health needs and the use of preventive therapies in the older population: a population-based cohort analysis of UK primary care and hospital linked data. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:58. [PMID: 36721104 PMCID: PMC9890735 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While several definitions exist for multimorbidity, frailty or polypharmacy, it is yet unclear to what extent single healthcare markers capture the complexity of health-related needs in older people in the community. We aimed to identify and characterise older people with complex health needs based on healthcare resource use (unplanned hospitalisations or polypharmacy) or frailty using large population-based linked records. METHODS In this cohort study, data was extracted from UK primary care records (CPRD GOLD), with linked Hospital Episode Statistics inpatient data. People aged > 65 on 1st January 2010, registered in CPRD for ≥ 1 year were included. We identified complex health needs as the top quintile of unplanned hospitalisations, number of prescribed medicines, and electronic frailty index. We characterised all three cohorts, and quantified point-prevalence and incidence rates of preventive medicines use. RESULTS Overall, 90,597, 110,225 and 116,076 individuals were included in the hospitalisation, frailty, and polypharmacy cohorts respectively; 28,259 (5.9%) were in all three cohorts, while 277,332 (58.3%) were not in any (background population). Frailty and polypharmacy cohorts had the highest bi-directional overlap. Most comorbidities such as diabetes and chronic kidney disease were more common in the frailty and polypharmacy cohorts compared to the hospitalisation cohort. Generally, prevalence of preventive medicines use was highest in the polypharmacy cohort compared to the other two cohorts: For instance, one-year point-prevalence of statins was 64.2% in the polypharmacy cohort vs. 60.5% in the frailty cohort. CONCLUSIONS Three distinct groups of older people with complex health needs were identified. Compared to the hospitalisation cohort, frailty and polypharmacy cohorts had more comorbidities and higher preventive therapies use. Research is needed into the benefit-risk of different definitions of complex health needs and use of preventive therapies in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Elhussein
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Annika M. Jödicke
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ying He
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Delmestri
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Danielle E. Robinson
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Y. Strauss
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Moreno-Martos D, Verhamme K, Ostropolets A, Kostka K, Duarte-Sales T, Prieto-Alhambra D, Alshammari TM, Alghoul H, Ahmed WUR, Blacketer C, DuVall S, Lai L, Matheny M, Nyberg F, Posada J, Rijnbeek P, Spotnitz M, Sena A, Shah N, Suchard M, Chan You S, Hripcsak G, Ryan P, Morales D. Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with COPD from the United States, South Korea, and Europe. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 7:22. [PMID: 36845321 PMCID: PMC9951545 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17403.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Characterization studies of COVID-19 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are limited in size and scope. The aim of the study is to provide a large-scale characterization of COVID-19 patients with COPD. Methods: We included thirteen databases contributing data from January-June 2020 from North America (US), Europe and Asia. We defined two cohorts of patients with COVID-19 namely a 'diagnosed' and 'hospitalized' cohort. We followed patients from COVID-19 index date to 30 days or death. We performed descriptive analysis and reported the frequency of characteristics and outcomes among COPD patients with COVID-19. Results: The study included 934,778 patients in the diagnosed COVID-19 cohort and 177,201 in the hospitalized COVID-19 cohort. Observed COPD prevalence in the diagnosed cohort ranged from 3.8% (95%CI 3.5-4.1%) in French data to 22.7% (95%CI 22.4-23.0) in US data, and from 1.9% (95%CI 1.6-2.2) in South Korean to 44.0% (95%CI 43.1-45.0) in US data, in the hospitalized cohorts. COPD patients in the hospitalized cohort had greater comorbidity than those in the diagnosed cohort, including hypertension, heart disease, diabetes and obesity. Mortality was higher in COPD patients in the hospitalized cohort and ranged from 7.6% (95%CI 6.9-8.4) to 32.2% (95%CI 28.0-36.7) across databases. ARDS, acute renal failure, cardiac arrhythmia and sepsis were the most common outcomes among hospitalized COPD patients. Conclusion: COPD patients with COVID-19 have high levels of COVID-19-associated comorbidities and poor COVID-19 outcomes. Further research is required to identify patients with COPD at high risk of worse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katia Verhamme
- Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Ostropolets
- Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Kristin Kostka
- Real World Solutions, IQVIA, Cambridge, MA, USA
- OHDSI Center at The Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Talita Duarte-Sales
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primaria de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), IDIAPJGol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Heba Alghoul
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestinian Territory
| | - Waheed-Ul-Rahman Ahmed
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Clair Blacketer
- Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Scott DuVall
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lana Lai
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Matheny
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Care Service & VINCI, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System VA, nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fredrik Nyberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jose Posada
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Peter Rijnbeek
- Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Spotnitz
- Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Anthony Sena
- Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Nigam Shah
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Marc Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA,, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seng Chan You
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - George Hripcsak
- Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Ryan
- Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
- Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Morales
- Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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López-Güell K, Prats-Uribe A, Català M, Prats C, Hein J, Prieto-Alhambra D. The impact of COVID-19 certification mandates on the number of cases of and hospitalizations with COVID-19 in the UK: A difference-in-differences analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1019223. [PMID: 36908465 PMCID: PMC9998475 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1019223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mandatory COVID-19 certification, showing proof of vaccination, negative test, or recent infection to access to public venues, was introduced at different times in the four countries of the UK. We aim to study its effects on the incidence of cases and hospital admissions. Methods We performed Negative binomial segmented regression and ARIMA analyses for four countries (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales), and fitted Difference-in-Differences models to compare the latter three to England, as a negative control group, since it was the last country where COVID-19 certification was introduced. The main outcome was the weekly averaged incidence of COVID-19 cases and hospital admissions. Results COVID-19 certification led to a decrease in the incidence of cases and hospital admissions in Northern Ireland, as well as in Wales during the second half of November. The same was seen for hospital admissions in Wales and Scotland during October. In Wales the incidence rate of cases in October already had a decreasing tendency, as well as in England, hence a particular impact of COVID-19 certification was less obvious. Method assumptions for the Difference-in-Differences analysis did not hold for Scotland. Additional NBSR and ARIMA models suggest similar results, while also accounting for correlation in the latter. The assessment of the effect in England itself leads one to believe that this intervention might not be strong enough for the Omicron variant, which was prevalent at the time of introduction of COVID-19 certification in the country. Conclusions Mandatory COVID-19 certification reduced COVID-19 transmission and hospitalizations when Delta predominated in the UK, but lost efficacy when Omicron became the most common variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim López-Güell
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Prats-Uribe
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martí Català
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Prats
- Escola Superior d'Agricultura de Barcelona, Campus del Baix Llobregat, Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jotun Hein
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Morales DR, Ostropolets A, Lai L, Sena A, Duvall S, Suchard M, Verhamme K, Rjinbeek P, Posada J, Ahmed W, Alshammary T, Alghoul H, Alser O, Areia C, Blacketer C, Burn E, Casajust P, You SC, Dawoud D, Golozar A, Gong M, Jonnagaddala J, Lynch K, Matheny M, Minty E, Nyberg F, Uribe A, Recalde M, Reich C, Scheumie M, Shah K, Shah N, Schilling L, Vizcaya D, Zhang L, Hripcsak G, Ryan P, Prieto-Alhambra D, Durate-Salles T, Kostka K. Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with and without asthma from the United States, South Korea, and Europe. J Asthma 2023; 60:76-86. [PMID: 35012410 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.2025392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Large international comparisons describing the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 are limited. The aim of the study was to perform a large-scale descriptive characterization of COVID-19 patients with asthma.Methods: We included nine databases contributing data from January to June 2020 from the US, South Korea (KR), Spain, UK and the Netherlands. We defined two cohorts of COVID-19 patients ('diagnosed' and 'hospitalized') based on COVID-19 disease codes. We followed patients from COVID-19 index date to 30 days or death. We performed descriptive analysis and reported the frequency of characteristics and outcomes in people with asthma defined by codes and prescriptions.Results: The diagnosed and hospitalized cohorts contained 666,933 and 159,552 COVID-19 patients respectively. Exacerbation in people with asthma was recorded in 1.6-8.6% of patients at presentation. Asthma prevalence ranged from 6.2% (95% CI 5.7-6.8) to 18.5% (95% CI 18.2-18.8) in the diagnosed cohort and 5.2% (95% CI 4.0-6.8) to 20.5% (95% CI 18.6-22.6) in the hospitalized cohort. Asthma patients with COVID-19 had high prevalence of comorbidity including hypertension, heart disease, diabetes and obesity. Mortality ranged from 2.1% (95% CI 1.8-2.4) to 16.9% (95% CI 13.8-20.5) and similar or lower compared to COVID-19 patients without asthma. Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 15-30% of hospitalized COVID-19 asthma patients.Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma among COVID-19 patients varies internationally. Asthma patients with COVID-19 have high comorbidity. The prevalence of asthma exacerbation at presentation was low. Whilst mortality was similar among COVID-19 patients with and without asthma, this could be confounded by differences in clinical characteristics. Further research could help identify high-risk asthma patients.[Box: see text]Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2021.2025392 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Morales
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anna Ostropolets
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lana Lai
- The University of Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Anthony Sena
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Scott Duvall
- University of Utah Health, Epidemiology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Katia Verhamme
- Erasmus MC, Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein, Rotterdam, CA, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Rjinbeek
- Erasmus MC, Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein, Rotterdam, CA, The Netherlands
| | - Joe Posada
- Stanford University, Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Waheed Ahmed
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Heba Alghoul
- Islamic University of Gaza, Medicine, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Osaid Alser
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Carlos Areia
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Clair Blacketer
- Erasmus MC, Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Dr Molewaterplein, Rotterdam, CA, The Netherlands
| | - Edward Burn
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Paula Casajust
- Trial Form Support, Real World Evidence, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seng Chan You
- Ajou University, Medicine, Suwon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Dalia Dawoud
- Stanford University, Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Asieh Golozar
- Johns Hopkins University, Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Kristine Lynch
- University of Utah Health, Epidemiology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael Matheny
- University of Utah Health, Epidemiology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Evan Minty
- University of Calgary, Public Health, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fredrik Nyberg
- University of Gothenburg, Public health, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Albert Uribe
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Karishma Shah
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Nigam Shah
- Stanford University, Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Schilling
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Lin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Public health, Beijing, China
| | - George Hripcsak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Ryan
- Janssen Research and Development LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Markus AF, Strauss VY, Burn E, Li X, Delmestri A, Reich C, Yin C, Mayer MA, Ramírez-Anguita JM, Marti E, Verhamme KMC, Rijnbeek PR, Prieto-Alhambra D, Jödicke AM. Characterising the treatment of thromboembolic events after COVID-19 vaccination in 4 European countries and the US: An international network cohort study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1118203. [PMID: 37033631 PMCID: PMC10079887 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1118203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) has been identified as a rare adverse event following some COVID-19 vaccines. Various guidelines have been issued on the treatment of TTS. We aimed to characterize the treatment of TTS and other thromboembolic events (venous thromboembolism (VTE), and arterial thromboembolism (ATE) after COVID-19 vaccination and compared to historical (pre-vaccination) data in Europe and the US. Methods: We conducted an international network cohort study using 8 primary care, outpatient, and inpatient databases from France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, The United Kingdom, and The United States. We investigated treatment pathways after the diagnosis of TTS, VTE, or ATE for a pre-vaccination (background) cohort (01/2017-11/2020), and a vaccinated cohort of people followed for 28 days after a dose of any COVID-19 vaccine recorded from 12/2020 onwards). Results: Great variability was observed in the proportion of people treated (with any recommended therapy) across databases, both before and after vaccination. Most patients with TTS received heparins, platelet aggregation inhibitors, or direct Xa inhibitors. The majority of VTE patients (before and after vaccination) were first treated with heparins in inpatient settings and direct Xa inhibitors in outpatient settings. In ATE patients, treatments were also similar before and after vaccinations, with platelet aggregation inhibitors prescribed most frequently. Inpatient and claims data also showed substantial heparin use. Conclusion: TTS, VTE, and ATE after COVID-19 vaccination were treated similarly to background events. Heparin use post-vaccine TTS suggests most events were not identified as vaccine-induced thrombosis with thrombocytopenia by the treating clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniek F. Markus
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victoria Y. Strauss
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDROMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Burn
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDROMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xintong Li
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDROMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Delmestri
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Can Yin
- Real World Solutions, IQVIA, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Miguel A. Mayer
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan-Manuel Ramírez-Anguita
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edelmira Marti
- Hematology Department. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Katia M. C. Verhamme
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter R. Rijnbeek
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDROMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Daniel Prieto-Alhambra,
| | - Annika M. Jödicke
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDROMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Du M, Prats-Uribe A, Khalid S, Prieto-Alhambra D, Strauss VY. Random effects modelling versus logistic regression for the inclusion of cluster-level covariates in propensity score estimation: A Monte Carlo simulation and registry cohort analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:988605. [PMID: 37033623 PMCID: PMC10077146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.988605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Surgeon and hospital-related features, such as volume, can be associated with treatment choices and outcomes. Accounting for these covariates with propensity score (PS) analysis can be challenging due to the clustered nature of the data. We studied six different PS estimation strategies for clustered data using random effects modelling (REM) compared with logistic regression. Methods: Monte Carlo simulations were used to generate variable cluster-level confounding intensity [odds ratio (OR) = 1.01-2.5] and cluster size (20-1,000 patients per cluster). The following PS estimation strategies were compared: i) logistic regression omitting cluster-level confounders; ii) logistic regression including cluster-level confounders; iii) the same as ii) but including cross-level interactions; iv), v), and vi), similar to i), ii), and iii), respectively, but using REM instead of logistic regression. The same strategies were tested in a trial emulation of partial versus total knee replacement (TKR) surgery, where observational versus trial-based estimates were compared as a proxy for bias. Performance metrics included bias and mean square error (MSE). Results: In most simulated scenarios, logistic regression, including cluster-level confounders, led to the lowest bias and MSE, for example, with 50 clusters × 200 individuals and confounding intensity OR = 1.5, a relative bias of 10%, and MSE of 0.003 for (i) compared to 32% and 0.010 for (iv). The results from the trial emulation also gave similar trends. Conclusion: Logistic regression, including patient and surgeon-/hospital-level confounders, appears to be the preferred strategy for PS estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Du
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Prats-Uribe
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Khalid
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Daniel Prieto-Alhambra,
| | - Victoria Y. Strauss
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., KG, Ingelheim, Germany
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Papez V, Moinat M, Voss EA, Bazakou S, Van Winzum A, Peviani A, Payralbe S, Lara EG, Kallfelz M, Asselbergs FW, Prieto-Alhambra D, Dobson RJB, Denaxas S. Transforming and evaluating the UK Biobank to the OMOP Common Data Model for COVID-19 research and beyond. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2022; 30:103-111. [PMID: 36227072 PMCID: PMC9619789 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has demonstrated the value of real-world data for public health research. International federated analyses are crucial for informing policy makers. Common data models (CDMs) are critical for enabling these studies to be performed efficiently. Our objective was to convert the UK Biobank, a study of 500 000 participants with rich genetic and phenotypic data to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDM. MATERIALS AND METHODS We converted UK Biobank data to OMOP CDM v. 5.3. We transformedparticipant research data on diseases collected at recruitment and electronic health records (EHRs) from primary care, hospitalizations, cancer registrations, and mortality from providers in England, Scotland, and Wales. We performed syntactic and semantic validations and compared comorbidities and risk factors between source and transformed data. RESULTS We identified 502 505 participants (3086 with COVID-19) and transformed 690 fields (1 373 239 555 rows) to the OMOP CDM using 8 different controlled clinical terminologies and bespoke mappings. Specifically, we transformed self-reported noncancer illnesses 946 053 (83.91% of all source entries), cancers 37 802 (70.81%), medications 1 218 935 (88.25%), and prescriptions 864 788 (86.96%). In EHR, we transformed 13 028 182 (99.95%) hospital diagnoses, 6 465 399 (89.2%) procedures, 337 896 333 primary care diagnoses (CTV3, SNOMED-CT), 139 966 587 (98.74%) prescriptions (dm+d) and 77 127 (99.95%) deaths (ICD-10). We observed good concordance across demographic, risk factor, and comorbidity factors between source and transformed data. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that the OMOP CDM can be successfully leveraged to harmonize complex large-scale biobanked studies combining rich multimodal phenotypic data. Our study uncovered several challenges when transforming data from questionnaires to the OMOP CDM which require further research. The transformed UK Biobank resource is a valuable tool that can enable federated research, like COVID-19 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erica A Voss
- Department of Epidemiology, Janssen Research & Development LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Cardiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J B Dobson
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Spiros Denaxas
- Corresponding Author: Spiros Denaxas, PhD, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW12DA, UK;
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41
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Matthewman J, Tadrous M, Mansfield K, Thiruchelvam D, Redelmeier D, Cheung A, Lega I, Prieto-Alhambra D, Cunliffe L, Langan S, Drucker A. 078 Association between oral corticosteroid prescribing patterns and appropriate fracture preventive care: UK and Ontario population-based cohort studies. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Hughes N, Rijnbeek PR, van Bochove K, Duarte-Salles T, Steinbeisser C, Vizcaya D, Prieto-Alhambra D, Ryan P. Evaluating a novel approach to stimulate open science collaborations: a case series of "study-a-thon" events within the OHDSI and European IMI communities. JAMIA Open 2022; 5:ooac100. [PMID: 36406796 PMCID: PMC9670330 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We introduce and review the concept of a study-a-thon as a catalyst for open science in medicine, utilizing harmonized real world, observation health data, tools, skills, and methods to conduct network studies, generating insights for those wishing to use study-a-thons for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of historical study-a-thons since 2017 to present were reviewed for thematic insights as to the opportunity to accelerate the research method to conduct studies across therapeutic areas. Review of publications and experience of the authors generated insights to illustrate the conduct of study-a-thons, key learning, and direction for those wishing to conduct future such study-a-thons. RESULTS A review of six study-a-thons have provided insights into their scientific impact, and 13 areas of insights for those wishing to conduct future study-a-thons. Defining aspects of the study-a-thon method for rapid, collaborative research through network studies reinforce the need to clear scientific rationale, tools, skills, and methods being collaboratively to conduct a focused study. Well-characterized preparatory, execution and postevent phases, coalescing skills, experience, data, clinical input (ensuring representative clinical context to the research query), and well-defined, logical steps in conducting research via the study-a-thon method are critical. CONCLUSIONS A study-a-thon is a focused multiday research event generating reliable evidence on a specific medical topic across different countries and health systems. In a study-a-thon, a multidisciplinary team collaborate to create an accelerated contribution to scientific evidence and clinical practice. It critically accelerates the research process, without inhibiting the quality of the research output and evidence generation, through a reproducible process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hughes
- Epidemiology, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - P R Rijnbeek
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - T Duarte-Salles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - D Vizcaya
- Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Sant Joan Despi, Spain
| | | | - P Ryan
- Epidemiology, Janssen R&D, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
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43
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Schuemie MJ, Arshad F, Pratt N, Nyberg F, Alshammari TM, Hripcsak G, Ryan P, Prieto-Alhambra D, Lai LYH, Li X, Fortin S, Minty E, Suchard MA. Corrigendum: Vaccine safety surveillance using routinely collected healthcare data-An empirical evaluation of epidemiological designs. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1088973. [PMID: 36506524 PMCID: PMC9731373 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1088973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893484.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J. Schuemie
- Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, New York, NY, United States,Observational Health Data Analytics, Janssen R&D, Titusville, NJ, United States,Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Martijn J. Schuemie,
| | - Faaizah Arshad
- Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, New York, NY, United States,Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicole Pratt
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Fredrik Nyberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - George Hripcsak
- Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, New York, NY, United States,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Patrick Ryan
- Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, New York, NY, United States,Observational Health Data Analytics, Janssen R&D, Titusville, NJ, United States,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lana Y. H. Lai
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Xintong Li
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Fortin
- Observational Health Data Analytics, Janssen R&D, Titusville, NJ, United States
| | - Evan Minty
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marc A. Suchard
- Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, New York, NY, United States,Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States,Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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44
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Burn E, Roel E, Pistillo A, Fernández-Bertolín S, Aragón M, Raventós B, Reyes C, Verhamme K, Rijnbeek P, Li X, Strauss VY, Prieto-Alhambra D, Duarte-Salles T. Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after vaccination against and infection with SARS-CoV-2 in Catalonia, Spain. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7169. [PMID: 36418321 PMCID: PMC9684434 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Population-based studies can provide important evidence on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Here we compare rates of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 with the background (expected) rates in the general population. In addition, we compare the rates of the same adverse events among persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 with background rates. Primary care and linked hospital data from Catalonia, Spain informed the study, with participants vaccinated with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 (27/12/2020-23/06/2021), COVID-19 cases (01/09/2020-23/06/2021) or present in the database as of 01/01/2017. We included 2,021,366 BNT162b2 (1,327,031 with 2 doses), 592,408 ChAdOx1, 174,556 COVID-19 cases, and 4,573,494 background participants. Standardised incidence ratios for venous thromboembolism were 1.18 (95% CI 1.06-1.32) and 0.92 (0.81-1.05) after first- and second dose BNT162b2, and 0.92 (0.71-1.18) after first dose ChAdOx1. The standardised incidence ratio for venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 was 10.19 (9.43-11.02). Standardised incidence ratios for arterial thromboembolism were 1.02 (0.95-1.09) and 1.04 (0.97-1.12) after first- and second dose BNT162b2, 1.06 (0.91-1.23) after first-dose ChAdOx1 and 4.13 (3.83-4.45) for COVID-19. Standardised incidence ratios for thrombocytopenia were 1.49 (1.43-1.54) and 1.40 (1.35-1.45) after first- and second dose BNT162b2, 1.28 (1.19-1.38) after first-dose ChAdOx1 and 4.59 (4.41- 4.77) for COVID-19. While rates of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia were generally similar to background rates, the standardised incidence ratio for pulmonary embolism with thrombocytopenia after first-dose BNT162b2 was 1.70 (1.11-2.61). These findings suggest that the safety profiles of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 are similar, with rates of adverse events seen after vaccination typically similar to background rates. Meanwhile, rates of adverse events are much increased for COVID-19 cases further underlining the importance of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Burn
- grid.452479.9Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elena Roel
- grid.452479.9Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Pistillo
- grid.452479.9Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Fernández-Bertolín
- grid.452479.9Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Aragón
- grid.452479.9Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Raventós
- grid.452479.9Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlen Reyes
- grid.452479.9Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katia Verhamme
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Rijnbeek
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xintong Li
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria Y. Strauss
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- grid.452479.9Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
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45
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Buoninfante A, Andeweg A, Baker AT, Borad M, Crawford N, Dogné JM, Garcia-Azorin D, Greinacher A, Helfand R, Hviid A, Kochanek S, López-Fauqued M, Nazy I, Padmanabhan A, Pavord S, Prieto-Alhambra D, Tran H, Wandel Liminga U, Cavaleri M. Understanding thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:141. [PMID: 36351906 PMCID: PMC9643955 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Buoninfante
- grid.452397.eHealth Threats and Vaccines Strategy, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arno Andeweg
- grid.452397.eHealth Threats and Vaccines Strategy, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander T. Baker
- grid.417468.80000 0000 8875 6339Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85054 USA ,grid.5600.30000 0001 0807 5670Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Mitesh Borad
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ 85054 USA
| | - Nigel Crawford
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XRoyal Children’s Hospital, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Department Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- grid.6520.10000 0001 2242 8479Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium ,grid.452397.eEMA Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee member, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Garcia-Azorin
- grid.411057.60000 0000 9274 367XDepartment of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- grid.5603.0Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rita Helfand
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, USA ,grid.3575.40000000121633745WHO’s Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anders Hviid
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XPharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Development and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.6203.70000 0004 0417 4147Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marta López-Fauqued
- grid.452397.eVaccines and Therapies for Infectious Diseases, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ishac Nazy
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Anand Padmanabhan
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Sue Pavord
- grid.410556.30000 0001 0440 1440Department Hematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Statistics in Medicine (CSM), Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDROMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huyen Tran
- grid.1623.60000 0004 0432 511XDepartment of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Ulla Wandel Liminga
- grid.452397.eEMA Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee member, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.415001.10000 0004 0475 6278Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Cavaleri
- grid.452397.eHealth Threats and Vaccines Strategy, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.452397.eEMA Emergency Task Force Chair, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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46
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Català M, Coma E, Alonso S, Andrés C, Blanco I, Antón A, Bordoy AE, Cardona PJ, Fina F, Martró E, Medina M, Mora N, Saludes V, Prats C, Prieto-Alhambra D, Alvarez-Lacalle E. Corrigendum: Transmissibility, hospitalization, and intensive care admissions due to omicron compared to delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Catalonia: A cohort study and ecological analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1060328. [PMID: 36743167 PMCID: PMC9894245 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.961030.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Català
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ermengol Coma
- Primary Care Services Information System (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Alonso
- Physics Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Andrés
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Virology Section, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Clinical Genetics Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Andrés Antón
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Virology Section, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni E. Bordoy
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Francesc Fina
- Primary Care Services Information System (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Martró
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Medina
- Primary Care Services Information System (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Mora
- Primary Care Services Information System (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Saludes
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Prats
- Physics Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique Alvarez-Lacalle
- Physics Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,*Correspondence: Enrique Alvarez-Lacalle
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47
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Platzbecker K, Voss A, Reinold J, Elbrecht A, Biewener W, Prieto-Alhambra D, Jödicke AM, Schink T. Validation of Algorithms to Identify Acute Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Death in German Health Insurance Data. Clin Epidemiol 2022; 14:1351-1361. [PMID: 36387925 PMCID: PMC9661914 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s380314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Validation of outcomes allows measurement of and correction for potential misclassification and targeted adjustment of algorithms for case definition. The purpose of our study was to validate algorithms for identifying cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, and cardiovascular (CV) death using patient profiles, ie, chronological tabular summaries of relevant available information on a patient, extracted from pseudonymized German claims data. Patients and Methods Based on the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD), 250 cases were randomly selected (50% males) for each outcome between 2016 and 2017 based on the inclusion criteria age ≥50 years and continuous insurance ≥1 year and applying the following algorithms: hospitalization with a main diagnosis of AMI (ICD-10-GM codes I21.- and I22.-) or stroke (I63, I61, I64) or death with a hospitalization in the 60 days before with a main diagnosis of CV disease. Patient profiles were built including (i) age and sex, (ii) hospitalizations incl. diagnoses, procedures, discharge reasons, (iii) outpatient diagnoses incl. diagnostic certainty, physician specialty, (iv) outpatient encounters, and (v) outpatient dispensings. Using adjudication criteria based on clinical guidelines and risk factors, two trained physicians independently classified cases as “certain”, “probable”, “unlikely” or “not assessable”. Positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated as percentage of confirmed cases among all assessable cases. Results For AMI, the overall PPV was 97.6% [95% confidence interval 94.8–99.1]. The PPV for any stroke was 94.8% [91.3–97.2] and higher for ischemic (98.3% [95.0–99.6]) than for hemorrhagic stroke (86.5% [76.5–93.3]). The PPV for CV death was 79.9% [74.4–84.4]. It increased to 91.7% [87.2–95.0] after excluding 32 cases with data insufficient for a decision. Conclusion Algorithms based on hospital diagnoses can identify AMI, stroke, and CV death from German claims data with high PPV. This was the first study to show that German claims data contain information suitable for outcome validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Platzbecker
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Annemarie Voss
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jonas Reinold
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anne Elbrecht
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Biewener
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annika M Jödicke
- Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tania Schink
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Correspondence: Tania Schink, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Achterstrasse 30, Bremen, 28359, Germany, Tel +4942121856865, Email
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48
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Roel E, Raventós B, Burn E, Pistillo A, Prieto-Alhambra D, Duarte-Salles T. Socioeconomic Inequalities in COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection in Adults, Catalonia, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2243-2252. [PMID: 36220130 PMCID: PMC9622244 DOI: 10.3201/eid2811.220614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout on socioeconomic COVID-19-related inequalities is scarce. We analyzed associations between socioeconomic deprivation index (SDI) and COVID-19 vaccination, infection, and hospitalization before and after vaccine rollout in Catalonia, Spain. We conducted a population-based cohort study during September 2020-June 2021 that comprised 2,297,146 adults >40 years of age. We estimated odds ratio of nonvaccination and hazard ratios (HRs) of infection and hospitalization by SDI quintile relative to the least deprived quintile, Q1. Six months after rollout, vaccination coverage differed by SDI quintile in working-age (40-64 years) persons: 81% for Q1, 71% for Q5. Before rollout, we found a pattern of increased HR of infection and hospitalization with deprivation among working-age and retirement-age (>65 years) persons. After rollout, infection inequalities decreased in both age groups, whereas hospitalization inequalities decreased among retirement-age persons. Our findings suggest that mass vaccination reduced socioeconomic COVID-19-related inequalities.
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49
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Li X, Burn E, Duarte-Salles T, Yin C, Reich C, Delmestri A, Verhamme K, Rijnbeek P, Suchard MA, Li K, Mosseveld M, John LH, Mayer MA, Ramirez-Anguita JM, Cohet C, Strauss V, Prieto-Alhambra D. Comparative risk of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome or thromboembolic events associated with different covid-19 vaccines: international network cohort study from five European countries and the US. BMJ 2022; 379:e071594. [PMID: 36288813 PMCID: PMC9597610 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the comparative risk of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome or thromboembolic events associated with use of adenovirus based covid-19 vaccines versus mRNA based covid-19 vaccines. DESIGN International network cohort study. SETTING Routinely collected health data from contributing datasets in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the US. PARTICIPANTS Adults (age ≥18 years) registered at any contributing database and who received at least one dose of a covid-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), or Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson)), from December 2020 to mid-2021. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome or venous or arterial thromboembolic events within the 28 days after covid-19 vaccination. Incidence rate ratios were estimated after propensity scores matching and were calibrated using negative control outcomes. Estimates specific to the database were pooled by use of random effects meta-analyses. RESULTS Overall, 1 332 719 of 3 829 822 first dose ChAdOx1-S recipients were matched to 2 124 339 of 2 149 679 BNT162b2 recipients from Germany and the UK. Additionally, 762 517 of 772 678 people receiving Ad26.COV2.S were matched to 2 851 976 of 7 606 693 receiving BNT162b2 in Germany, Spain, and the US. All 628 164 Ad26.COV2.S recipients from the US were matched to 2 230 157 of 3 923 371 mRNA-1273 recipients. A total of 862 thrombocytopenia events were observed in the matched first dose ChAdOx1-S recipients from Germany and the UK, and 520 events after a first dose of BNT162b2. Comparing ChAdOx1-S with a first dose of BNT162b2 revealed an increased risk of thrombocytopenia (pooled calibrated incidence rate ratio 1.33 (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.50) and calibrated incidence rate difference of 1.18 (0.57 to 1.8) per 1000 person years). Additionally, a pooled calibrated incidence rate ratio of 2.26 (0.93 to 5.52) for venous thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome was seen with Ad26.COV2.S compared with BNT162b2. CONCLUSIONS In this multinational study, a pooled 30% increased risk of thrombocytopenia after a first dose of the ChAdOx1-S vaccine was observed, as was a trend towards an increased risk of venous thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome after Ad26.COV2.S compared with BNT162b2. Although rare, the observed risks after adenovirus based vaccines should be considered when planning further immunisation campaigns and future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Li
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward Burn
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Can Yin
- Real World Solutions, IQVIA, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Antonella Delmestri
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katia Verhamme
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Rijnbeek
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc A Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mees Mosseveld
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Luis H John
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miguel-Angel Mayer
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan-Manuel Ramirez-Anguita
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine Cohet
- Data Analytics and Methods Task Force, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victoria Strauss
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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50
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Canoy D, Harvey NC, Prieto-Alhambra D, Cooper C, Meyer HE, Åsvold BO, Nazarzadeh M, Rahimi K. Correction: Elevated blood pressure, antihypertensive medications and bone health in the population: revisiting old hypotheses and exploring future research directions. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:2241. [PMID: 35997785 PMCID: PMC9546964 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Canoy
- Deep Medicine, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Hayes House 1F, George St., Oxford, OX1 2BQ, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - N C Harvey
- MRC Life Course Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - D Prieto-Alhambra
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Cooper
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- MRC Life Course Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - H E Meyer
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - B O Åsvold
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Nazarzadeh
- Deep Medicine, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Hayes House 1F, George St., Oxford, OX1 2BQ, UK
| | - K Rahimi
- Deep Medicine, Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Hayes House 1F, George St., Oxford, OX1 2BQ, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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