1
|
Loe-Mie Y, Plançon C, Dubertret C, Yoshikawa T, Yalcin B, Collins SC, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Gorwood P, Benmessaoud D, Simonneau M, Lepagnol-Bestel AM. De Novo Variants Found in Three Distinct Schizophrenia Populations Hit a Common Core Gene Network Related to Microtubule and Actin Cytoskeleton Gene Ontology Classes. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:244. [PMID: 38398753 PMCID: PMC10890674 DOI: 10.3390/life14020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a heterogeneous and debilitating psychiatric disorder with a strong genetic component. To elucidate functional networks perturbed in schizophrenia, we analysed a large dataset of whole-genome studies that identified SNVs, CNVs, and a multi-stage schizophrenia genome-wide association study. Our analysis identified three subclusters that are interrelated and with small overlaps: GO:0007017~Microtubule-Based Process, GO:00015629~Actin Cytoskeleton, and GO:0007268~SynapticTransmission. We next analysed three distinct trio cohorts of 75 SZ Algerian, 45 SZ French, and 61 SZ Japanese patients. We performed Illumina HiSeq whole-exome sequencing and identified de novo mutations using a Bayesian approach. We validated 88 de novo mutations by Sanger sequencing: 35 in French, 21 in Algerian, and 32 in Japanese SZ patients. These 88 de novo mutations exhibited an enrichment in genes encoding proteins related to GO:0051015~actin filament binding (p = 0.0011) using David, and enrichments in GO: 0003774~transport (p = 0.019) and GO:0003729~mRNA binding (p = 0.010) using Amigo. One of these de novo variant was found in CORO1C coding sequence. We studied Coro1c haploinsufficiency in a Coro1c+/- mouse and found defects in the corpus callosum. These results could motivate future studies of the mechanisms surrounding genes encoding proteins involved in transport and the cytoskeleton, with the goal of developing therapeutic intervention strategies for a subset of SZ cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Loe-Mie
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France; (Y.L.-M.); (C.D.); (P.G.); (A.-M.L.-B.)
| | - Christine Plançon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057 Evry, France; (C.P.); (A.B.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Caroline Dubertret
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France; (Y.L.-M.); (C.D.); (P.G.); (A.-M.L.-B.)
- AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0106, Japan;
| | - Binnaz Yalcin
- Université de Bourgogne, INSERM Research Center U1231, 21000 Dijon, France; (B.Y.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Stephan C. Collins
- Université de Bourgogne, INSERM Research Center U1231, 21000 Dijon, France; (B.Y.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057 Evry, France; (C.P.); (A.B.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057 Evry, France; (C.P.); (A.B.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France; (Y.L.-M.); (C.D.); (P.G.); (A.-M.L.-B.)
- GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Dalila Benmessaoud
- Etablissement Hospitalo-Universitaire Spécialisé Psychiatrie Frantz FANON, Université Saad DAHLAB, Blida 09000, Algeria;
| | - Michel Simonneau
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France; (Y.L.-M.); (C.D.); (P.G.); (A.-M.L.-B.)
- Laboratoire LuMin, FRE 2036, Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ENS Paris Saclay 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 4 Avenue des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aude-Marie Lepagnol-Bestel
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France; (Y.L.-M.); (C.D.); (P.G.); (A.-M.L.-B.)
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), 91057 Evry, France; (C.P.); (A.B.); (J.-F.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beier M, Schoene D, Kohl M, von Stengel S, Uder M, Kemmler W. Non-Athletic Cohorts Enrolled in Longitudinal Whole-Body Electromyostimulation Trials-An Evidence Map. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:972. [PMID: 38339689 PMCID: PMC10857049 DOI: 10.3390/s24030972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) can be considered as a time-efficient, joint-friendly, and highly customizable training technology that attracts a wide range of users. The present evidence map aims to provide an overview of different non-athletic cohorts addressed in WB-EMS research. Based on a comprehensive systematic search according to PRISMA, eighty-six eligible longitudinal trials were identified that correspond with our eligibility criteria. In summary, WB-EMS research sufficiently covers all adult age categories in males and females. Most cohorts addressed (58%) were predominately or exclusively overweight/obese, and in about 60% of them, diseases or conditions were inclusion criteria for the trials. Cohorts specifically enrolled in WB-EMS trials suffer from cancer/neoplasm (n = 7), obesity (n = 6), diabetes mellitus (n = 5), metabolic syndrome (n = 2), nervous system diseases (n = 2), chronic heart failure (n = 4), stroke (n = 1), peripheral arterial diseases (n = 2), knee arthrosis (n = 1), sarcopenia (n = 3), chronic unspecific low back pain (n = 4), and osteopenia (n = 3). Chronic kidney disease was an eligibility criterion in five WB-EMS trials. Finally, three studies included only critically ill patients, and two further studies considered frailty as an inclusion criterion. Of importance, no adverse effects of the WB-EMS intervention were reported. In summary, the evidence gaps in WB-EMS research were particular evident for cohorts with diseases of the nervous and cerebrovascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Beier
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
| | - Daniel Schoene
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, 78056 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany;
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
| | - Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.B.); (D.S.); (S.v.S.); (M.U.)
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Graham EE, Michala L, Hachfeld A, Moseholm E. Collection of menopause data in studies of women living with HIV: A systematic literature review. HIV Med 2024; 25:174-187. [PMID: 37776176 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An increasing number of women living with HIV are transitioning through midlife and menopause. Women living with HIV may experience earlier menopause and a higher symptom burden than women without HIV, but more evidence is needed. Data collection on menopause in women living with HIV is scarce and often not standardized. We sought to assess how menopause data are collected in cohorts and studies of women living with HIV. METHODS This was a literature review conducted within the PubMed database. We included original studies and cohorts assessing menopause and/or menopausal symptoms in women living with HIV. Study characteristics and menopause data collection, including the definition of menopause, symptom assessment tools, and measurement of biomedical parameters, were noted and summarized systematically in data tables. RESULTS We included 40 articles describing 37 separate studies published between 2000 and 2023; 27 of these were conducted in high-income countries, the majority in the USA (n = 16). Ten studies were from low- and middle-income countries; four of these were conducted in Brazil. In 20 studies, menopause was defined according to the World Health Organization's definition of over 12 months of amenorrhea. Twelve studies used the Menopause Rating Scale to characterize menopausal symptoms, five studies used other specified symptom assessment tools, and 12 studies used a study-specific tool. CONCLUSIONS Menopause data collection in women living with HIV is heterogeneous. We propose that standardized tools should be used to enable comparisons between studies and countries, thereby improving the quality of research and clinical treatment. Further research into the validity of menopausal symptom scoring tools is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Eileen Graham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lina Michala
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Hachfeld
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Moseholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie Y, Fang X, Wang A, Xu S, Li Y, Xia W. Association of cord plasma metabolites with birth weight: results from metabolomic and lipidomic studies of discovery and validation cohorts. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024. [PMID: 38243991 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth weight is a good predictor of fetal intrauterine growth and long-term health. Although several studies have evaluated the relationship between metabolites and birth weight, no prior study has comprehensively investigated the metabolomic and lipidomic and further validated and quantified meaningful metabolites. METHODS Firstly, a pseudotargeted metabolomics approach was applied to detect 2418 metabolites in 504 cord blood samples in the discovery set enrolled from the Wuhan Healthy Baby Cohort (HBC), China. Metabolome-wide association scan (MWAS) analysis and pathway enrichment were applied to discover metabolites and metabolic pathways that were significantly associated with birth weight for gestational age (BWGA) z-score. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of metabolites in the most significantly associated pathways with small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight (LBW). Subsequently, 350 cord blood samples in a validation cohort were subjected to targeted analysis to validate the metabolites screened from the discovery cohort. RESULTS In the discovery set, 513 metabolites were significantly associated with BWGA z-score (PFDR <0.05), of which 298 KEGG-annotated metabolites were included in the pathway analysis. The primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway was the most relevant metabolic pathway associated with BWGA z-score in our study. Elevated cord plasma primary bile acids were associated with lower BWGA z-score and higher odds of SGA or LBW in the discovery and validation cohorts. In the validation set, a 2-fold increase in taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) and taurocholic acid (TCA) was associated with 0.10 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.20) and 0.18 (95 %CI: 0.04, 0.31) decrease in BWGA z-score, respectively, after adjusting for covariates. In addition, a 2-fold increase in cord plasma TCDCA and TCA was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.52 (1.00, 2.30) and 1.77 (1.05, 2.98) for SGA, respectively. The adjusted ORs for a 2-fold increase in TCDCA and TCA concentrations were 2.39 (95% CI 1.00, 5.71) and 3.21 (0.96, 10.74) for LBW, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a significant association between primary bile acids and lower BWGA z-score, as well as higher risk of SGA and LBW. Abnormalities of primary bile acid metabolism may play an important role in restricted fetal development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - X Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - A Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - S Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Y Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - W Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baffour PK, Jahangiry L, Jain S, Sen A, Aune D. Blood pressure, hypertension and the risk of heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023:zwad344. [PMID: 37939784 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several observational studies have investigated the association between hypertension or elevated systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure and risk of heart failure, but not all the studies have been consistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the available data from cohort studies on the association between hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the risk of heart failure. METHODS PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles from inception to June 10th 2022. Cohort studies on hypertension or blood pressure and heart failure were included. Random effect models were used to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between hypertension or blood pressure and heart failure. RESULTS Forty-seven cohort studies were included. The summary RR was 1.71 (95% Cl: 1.53-1.90, I2 = 98.4%) for hypertension vs. no hypertension (n = 43 studies, 166798 cases, 20359997 participants), 1.28 (95% CI: 1.22-1.35, I2 = 90.3%) per 20 mmHg of systolic blood pressure (24 studies, 31639 cases and 2557975 participants) and 1.12 (95% CI: 1.04-1.21, I2 = 92.6%) per 10 mmHg of diastolic blood pressure (16 studies, 23127 cases and 2419972 participants). There was a steeper increase in heart failure risk at higher blood pressure levels and a 3-5 fold increase in RR at around 180/120 mmHg of systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to 100/60 mmHg, respectively. There was little indication of publication bias across analyses. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggest a strong positive association between hypertension and systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the risk of heart failure. These results supports efforts to reduce blood pressure in the general population to reduce the risk of heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Kyei Baffour
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Leila Jahangiry
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shalu Jain
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Abhijit Sen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Center for Oral Health Services and Research (TkMidt), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian T, Yang C, Long X, Kong F, Fu Y, Liu F, Tuo L, Guo X, Li L, Zhao X, Wang Q, Yuan G, Wang H, Wang Y, Qiao J. The Long-Term Impacts of COVID-19 on Physical and Psychological Health - Beijing Municipality, China, December 2022-April 2023. China CDC Wkly 2023; 5:894-899. [PMID: 37886617 PMCID: PMC10598477 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Reports detailing the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are extensive in China. However, data remains limited regarding the long-term effects of the 2022 outbreak on the community and healthcare workers (HCWs). What is added by this report? In the follow-up study conducted with 1,069 community members and 3,309 HCWs infected with COVID-19, we observed that five months post-outbreak, 39.2% of community members and 28.7% of HCWs reported experiencing at least one symptom. The symptoms most frequently reported included fatigue or muscle weakness, insomnia, cognitive dysfunction, hair loss, joint or muscle pain, and persistent cough. HCWs tended to experience fewer long-term physical consequences and their symptoms had an expedited recovery time compared to the community members. Nevertheless, HCWs displayed a higher prevalence of moderate to severe depression and anxiety. What are the implications for public health practice? The establishment of a public healthcare system dedicated to continual monitoring, prevention, and clinical treatment of persistent COVID-19 symptoms is imperative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Personnel Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Long
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Kong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Tuo
- Office of Hospital Management, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujun Guo
- The Second Outpatient Department of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- The Second Outpatient Department of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxing Zhao
- The Second Outpatient Department of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Capital Airport sub-district DongPingLi Community Health Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guangti Yuan
- Zizhuyuan Community Service Station in Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Personnel Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cruz LA, Cooke Bailey JN, Crawford DC. Importance of Diversity in Precision Medicine: Generalizability of Genetic Associations Across Ancestry Groups Toward Better Identification of Disease Susceptibility Variants. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2023; 6:339-356. [PMID: 37196357 PMCID: PMC10720270 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-122220-113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revolutionized our understanding of common genetic variation and its impact on common human disease and traits. Developed and adopted in the mid-2000s, GWAS led to searchable genotype-phenotype catalogs and genome-wide datasets available for further data mining and analysis for the eventual development of translational applications. The GWAS revolution was swift and specific, including almost exclusively populations of European descent, to the neglect of the majority of the world's genetic diversity. In this narrative review, we recount the GWAS landscape of the early years that established a genotype-phenotype catalog that is now universally understood to be inadequate for a complete understanding of complex human genetics. We then describe approaches taken to augment the genotype-phenotype catalog, including the study populations, collaborative consortia, and study design approaches aimed to generalize and then ultimately discover genome-wide associations in non-European descent populations. The collaborations and data resources established in the efforts to diversify genomic findings undoubtedly provide the foundations of the next chapters of genetic association studies with the advent of budget-friendly whole-genome sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Cruz
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA;
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica N Cooke Bailey
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA;
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dana C Crawford
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA;
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bodenstein S, Casas SM, Tiersch TR, Peyre JFL. Energetic budget of diploid and triploid eastern oysters during a summer die-off. Front Mar Sci 2023; 10:1194296. [PMID: 38577631 PMCID: PMC10993659 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1194296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Triploid oysters are widely used in off-bottom aquaculture of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica. However, farmers of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and Atlantic coast estuaries have observed unresolved, late-spring die-offs of triploid oysters, threatening the sustainability of triploid aquaculture. To investigate this, the physiological processes underlying oyster growth (e.g., feeding, respiration) and mortality of one-year-old diploid and triploid oysters were compared in early summer following an uptick in mortality. It was predicted that higher triploid mortality was the result of energetic imbalances (increased metabolic demands and decreased feeding behavior). Oyster clearance rates, percentage of time valves were open, absorption efficiency, oxygen consumption rates (basal and routine), ammonia excretion rate were measured in the laboratory and scope for growth was calculated. In addition, their condition index, gametogenic stage, Perkinsus marinus infection level, and mortality were measured. Mortality of triploids in the laboratory was greater than for diploids, mirroring mortality observed in a related field study. The physiological parameters measured, however, could not explain triploid mortality. Scope for growth, condition index, and clearance rates of triploids were greater than for diploids, suggesting sufficient energy reserves, while all other measurements where similar between the ploidies. It remains to be determined whether mortality could be caused from disruption of energy homeostasis at the cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bodenstein
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sandra M. Casas
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jerome F. La Peyre
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kvasnička A, Najdekr L, Dobešová D, Piskláková B, Ivanovová E, Friedecký D. Clinical lipidomics in the era of the big data. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:587-598. [PMID: 36592414 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipidomics as a branch of metabolomics provides unique information on the complex lipid profile in biological materials. In clinically focused studies, hundreds of lipids together with available clinical information proved to be an effective tool in the discovery of biomarkers and understanding of pathobiochemistry. However, despite the introduction of lipidomics nearly twenty years ago, only dozens of big data studies using clinical lipidomics have been published to date. In this review, we discuss the lipidomics workflow, statistical tools, and the challenges of standartisation. The consequent summary divided into major clinical areas of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative and liver diseases is demonstrating the importance of clinical lipidomics. In these publications, the potential of lipidomics for prediction, diagnosis or finding new targets for the treatment of selected diseases can be seen. The first of these results have already been implemented in clinical practice in the field of cardiovascular diseases, while in other areas we can expect the application of the results summarized in this review in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Kvasnička
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czechia
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Lukáš Najdekr
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Dana Dobešová
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czechia
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Barbora Piskláková
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czechia
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Eliška Ivanovová
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czechia
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - David Friedecký
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czechia
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Català M, Coma E, Alonso S, Andrés C, Blanco I, Antón A, Bordoy AE, Cardona PJ, Fina F, Martró E, Medina M, Mora N, Saludes V, Prats C, Prieto-Alhambra D, Alvarez-Lacalle E. Corrigendum: Transmissibility, hospitalization, and intensive care admissions due to omicron compared to delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Catalonia: A cohort study and ecological analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1060328. [PMID: 36743167 PMCID: PMC9894245 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.961030.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Català
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ermengol Coma
- Primary Care Services Information System (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Alonso
- Physics Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Andrés
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Virology Section, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Clinical Genetics Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Andrés Antón
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Virology Section, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni E. Bordoy
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Francesc Fina
- Primary Care Services Information System (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Martró
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Medina
- Primary Care Services Information System (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Mora
- Primary Care Services Information System (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Saludes
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Prats
- Physics Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique Alvarez-Lacalle
- Physics Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,*Correspondence: Enrique Alvarez-Lacalle
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Català M, Coma E, Alonso S, Andrés C, Blanco I, Antón A, Bordoy AE, Cardona PJ, Fina F, Martró E, Medina M, Mora N, Saludes V, Prats C, Prieto-Alhambra D, Alvarez-Lacalle E. Transmissibility, hospitalization, and intensive care admissions due to omicron compared to delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Catalonia: A cohort study and ecological analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:961030. [PMID: 36033822 PMCID: PMC9412031 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.961030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aim to compare the severity of infections between omicron and delta variants in 609,352 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases using local hospitalization, vaccination, and variants data from the Catalan Health Care System (which covers around 7. 8 million people). Methods We performed a substitution model to establish the increase in transmissibility of omicron using variant screening data from primary care practices (PCP) and hospital admissions. In addition, we used this data from PCP to establish the two periods when delta and omicron were, respectively, dominant (above 95% of cases). After that, we performed a population-based cohort analysis to calculate the rates of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for both periods and to estimate reduction in severity. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated and stratified by age and vaccination status. In a second analysis, the differential substitution model in primary care vs. hospitals allowed us to obtain a population-level average change in severity. Results We have included 48,874 cases during the delta period and 560,658 during the omicron period. During the delta period, on average, 3.8% of the detected cases required hospitalization for COVID-19. This percentage dropped to 0.9% with omicron [RR of 0.46 (95% CI: 0.43 to 0.49)]. For ICU admissions, it dropped from 0.8 to 0.1% [RR 0.25 (95% CI: 0.21 to 0.28)]. The proportion of cases hospitalized or admitted to ICU was lower in the vaccinated groups, independently of the variant. Omicron was associated with a reduction in risk of admission to hospital and ICU in all age and vaccination status strata. The differential substitution models showed an average RR between 0.19 and 0.50. Conclusion Both independent methods consistently show an important decrease in severity for omicron relative to delta. The systematic reduction happens regardless of age. The severity is also reduced for non-vaccinated and vaccinated groups, but it remains always higher in the non-vaccinated population. This suggests an overall reduction in severity, which could be intrinsic to the omicron variant. The fact is that the RR in ICU admission is systematically smaller than in hospitalization points in the same direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Català
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ermengol Coma
- Primary Care Services Information System (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Alonso
- Physics Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Andrés
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Virology Section, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Clinical Genetics Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Andrés Antón
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Virology Section, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni E. Bordoy
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Francesc Fina
- Primary Care Services Information System (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Martró
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Medina
- Primary Care Services Information System (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Mora
- Primary Care Services Information System (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Saludes
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Prats
- Physics Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique Alvarez-Lacalle
- Physics Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain,*Correspondence: Enrique Alvarez-Lacalle
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hang D, Yang X, Lu J, Shen C, Dai J, Lu X, Jin G, Hu Z, Gu D, Ma H, Shen H. Untargeted plasma metabolomics for risk prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective study in two Chinese cohorts. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:2144-2154. [PMID: 35904854 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of metabolic perturbation prior to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may deepen the understanding of causal pathways and identify novel biomarkers for early prevention. We conducted two 1:1 matched nested case-control studies (108 and 55 pairs) to examine the association of plasma metabolome (profiled using LC-MS) with the risk of HCC based on two prospective cohorts in China. Differential metabolites were identified by paired t-tests and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to classify metabolites into modules for identifying biological pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. We assessed the risk predictivity of metabolites using multivariable logistic regression models. Among 612 named metabolites, 44 differential metabolites were identified between cases and controls, including 12 androgenic/progestin steroid hormones, 8 bile acids, 10 amino acids, 6 phospholipids, and 8 others. These metabolites were associated with HCC in the multivariable logistic regression analyses, with odds ratios ranging from 0.19 (95% CI: 0.11-0.35) to 5.09 (95% CI: 2.73-9.50). WGCNA including 612 metabolites showed 8 significant modules related to HCC risk, including those representing metabolic pathways of androgen and progestin, primary and secondary bile acids, and amino acids. A combination of 18 metabolites of independent effects showed the potential to predict HCC risk, with an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82-0.92) and 0.86 (95% CI: 0.80-0.93) in the training and validation sets, respectively. In conclusion, we identified a panel of plasma metabolites that could be implicated in hepatocellular carcinogenesis and have the potential to predict HCC risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - JiaYi Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine and International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mak HW, Coulter R, Fancourt D. Relationships between Volunteering, Neighbourhood Deprivation and Mental Wellbeing across Four British Birth Cohorts: Evidence from 10 Years of the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19031531. [PMID: 35162554 PMCID: PMC8835177 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Volunteering is associated with greater mental, physical and social wellbeing. However, less is known about whether the health benefits of volunteering vary with two sets of factors known to shape population health and health-related behaviours: (1) age and birth cohort, and (2) place of residence. This study examined how these factors influence the relationship between volunteering and self-reported mental health using five waves of data from Understanding Society: The UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) enriched with information on neighbourhood deprivation (Index of Multiple Deprivation 2015). Two self-reported mental health and wellbeing outcomes were examined: mental distress (GHQ-12) and health-related quality of life (SF-12). The sample was stratified by cohort: pre-1945 (born before 1945), Baby Boomers (born 1945–1964), Gen X (born 1965–1979), and Millennials (born from 1980). Fixed-effects regressions revealed that volunteering was associated with reduced levels of mental distress and greater levels of health-related quality of life in older generations, but not amongst younger generations. No moderating effect of area deprivation was found. This study suggests that generational social attitudes and changes in how volunteering is portrayed and delivered could influence not only whether people volunteer, but also whether doing so bolsters health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hei Wan Mak
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK;
| | - Rory Coulter
- Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li W, Yue L, Xiao S. Subjective cognitive decline is associated with a higher risk of objective cognitive decline: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:950270. [PMID: 36245867 PMCID: PMC9558822 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.950270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is considered as an independent risk factor for objective cognitive impairment, such as dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but the mechanism is unclear. METHODS The current study consisted of two parts, the first of which included 1,010 older adults with SCD and 535 normal controls and was followed for 1 year. The second cross-sectional study included 94 older adults with SCD and 64 healthy controls. Unlike the first cohort, subjects in the second study underwent magnetic resonance imaging and had more detailed neuropsychological tests, such as Mini- mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Digit Span, Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Associative Learning Test (ALT), Verbal Fluency (VF), Wechsler's filling and Wechsler's building blocks. RESULTS In cohort 1, we found that SCD had a higher risk of objective cognitive impairment compared to normal controls (X2 = 20.354, p = 0.002), and the results of Cox Regression analysis also suggest that SCD was a risk factor for objective cognitive decline (p < 0.001, HR = 2.608, 95%CI: 2.213-3.075). In study 2, we found that the scores of MoCA, digit span, verbal fluency, and Wechsler's filling of SCD elderly were significantly lower than those of normal controls, but the cortical thickness of the rostral middle frontal gyrus (RMFG) was significantly higher than that of normal controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SCD is a cognition-related disease with multi-cognitive domain impairment, which is associated with a higher risk of objective cognitive impairment. Moreover, the increased cortical thickness of the left rostral middle frontal gyrus (RMFG) might be an important mechanism of cognitive decline in SCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yue
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eckert JK, Kahle J, Böck A, Zeber K, Urner K, Greiner W, Kreimeier S, Beyer K, Dobbertin-Welsch J, Hamelmann E, Gellhaus I, Schorlemer C, Kabesch M, Kheiroddin P, von Mutius E, Depner M, Walter D, Hansen G, DeStefano S, Schnadt S, Schaub B. CHildhood Allergy and tolerance: Biomarkers and Predictors (CHAMP) and quality of life. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13652. [PMID: 34396594 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kristin Eckert
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Kahle
- German Allergy and Asthma Association, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Andreas Böck
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Zeber
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Urner
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Greiner
- Department of Health Economics and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Simone Kreimeier
- Department of Health Economics and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kirsten Beyer
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Dobbertin-Welsch
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckard Hamelmann
- Children's Center Bethel, EvKB, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ines Gellhaus
- Children's Center Bethel, EvKB, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kabesch
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy Campus St Hedwig, KUNO Children's University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Parastoo Kheiroddin
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy Campus St Hedwig, KUNO Children's University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Depner
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Walter
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie DeStefano
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Schnadt
- German Allergy and Asthma Association, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Bianca Schaub
- Pediatric Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Syrogiannouli L, Wildisen L, Meuwese C, Bauer DC, Cappola AR, Gussekloo J, den Elzen WPJ, Trompet S, Westendorp RGJ, Jukema JW, Ferrucci L, Ceresini G, Åsvold BO, Chaker L, Peeters RP, Imaizumi M, Ohishi W, Vaes B, Völzke H, Sgarbi JA, Walsh JP, Dullaart RPF, Bakker SJL, Iacoviello M, Rodondi N, Del Giovane C. Incorporating Baseline Outcome Data in Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Non-randomized Studies. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:774251. [PMID: 35273528 PMCID: PMC8902696 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.774251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In non-randomized studies (NRSs) where a continuous outcome variable (e.g., depressive symptoms) is assessed at baseline and follow-up, it is common to observe imbalance of the baseline values between the treatment/exposure group and control group. This may bias the study and consequently a meta-analysis (MA) estimate. These estimates may differ across statistical methods used to deal with this issue. Analysis of individual participant data (IPD) allows standardization of methods across studies. We aimed to identify methods used in published IPD-MAs of NRSs for continuous outcomes, and to compare different methods to account for baseline values of outcome variables in IPD-MA of NRSs using two empirical examples from the Thyroid Studies Collaboration (TSC). METHODS For the first aim we systematically searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane from inception to February 2021 to identify published IPD-MAs of NRSs that adjusted for baseline outcome measures in the analysis of continuous outcomes. For the second aim, we applied analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), change score, propensity score and the naïve approach (ignores the baseline outcome data) in IPD-MA from NRSs on the association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and depressive symptoms and renal function. We estimated the study and meta-analytic mean difference (MD) and relative standard error (SE). We used both fixed- and random-effects MA. RESULTS Ten of 18 (56%) of the included studies used the change score method, seven (39%) studies used ANCOVA and one the propensity score (5%). The study estimates were similar across the methods in studies in which groups were balanced at baseline with regard to outcome variables but differed in studies with baseline imbalance. In our empirical examples, ANCOVA and change score showed study results on the same direction, not the propensity score. In our applications, ANCOVA provided more precise estimates, both at study and meta-analytical level, in comparison to other methods. Heterogeneity was higher when change score was used as outcome, moderate for ANCOVA and null with the propensity score. CONCLUSION ANCOVA provided the most precise estimates at both study and meta-analytic level and thus seems preferable in the meta-analysis of IPD from non-randomized studies. For the studies that were well-balanced between groups, change score, and ANCOVA performed similarly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea Wildisen
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiaan Meuwese
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Douglas C Bauer
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anne R Cappola
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jacobijn Gussekloo
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wendy P J den Elzen
- Atalmedial Diagnostics Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Graziano Ceresini
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Onco-Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Bjørn O Åsvold
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Misa Imaizumi
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Waka Ohishi
- Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Bert Vaes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Josè A Sgarbi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John P Walsh
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Massimo Iacoviello
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital Policlinico Consorziale of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Del Giovane
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Population Health Laboratory (#PopHealthLab), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sandler CX, Wyller VBB, Moss-Morris R, Buchwald D, Crawley E, Hautvast J, Katz BZ, Knoop H, Little P, Taylor R, Wensaas KA, Lloyd AR. Long COVID and Post-infective Fatigue Syndrome: A Review. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab440. [PMID: 34631916 PMCID: PMC8496765 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a dominant feature of both acute and convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (sometimes termed "long-COVID"), with up to 46% of patients reporting fatigue that lasts from weeks to months. The investigators of the international Collaborative on Fatigue Following Infection (COFFI) conducted a systematic review of post-COVID fatigue and a narrative review on fatigue after other infections, and made recommendations for clinical and research approaches to assessing fatigue after COVID-19. In the majority of COVID-19 cohort studies, persistent fatigue was reported by a significant minority of patients, ranging from 13% to 33% at 16-20 weeks post-symptom onset. Data from the prospective cohort studies in COFFI and others indicate that fatigue is also a prevalent outcome from many acute systemic infections, notably infectious mononucleosis, with a case rate for clinically significant Post-infective fatigue after exclusion of recognized medical and psychiatric causes, ranging from 10%-35% at 6 months. To better characterize post-COVID fatigue, the COFFI investigators recommend the following: application of validated screening questionnaires for case detection; standardized interviews encompassing fatigue, mood, and other symptoms; and investigative approaches to identify end-organ damage and mental health conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vegard B B Wyller
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rona Moss-Morris
- Health Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Esther Crawley
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol. Bristol. Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jeannine Hautvast
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ben Z Katz
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Ann & Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Division of Infectious Diseases, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hans Knoop
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Little
- Primary Care Research Centre, Primary Care Public Health and Medical Education Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Renee Taylor
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Knut-Arne Wensaas
- Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Correspondence: Andrew Lloyd, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FAHMS, Level 5, Wallace Wurth Building, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia ()
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Secularization has been studied for decades by sociologists of religion. Long-running surveys in the United States and Europe show steady generational decline in religious affiliation and participation, and yet this trend has largely been ignored by gerontologists and life course researchers. We examined data from the Health and Retirement Study, hypothesizing between-cohort declines in religious participation. Based on data from a sample stratified by 10-year birth cohorts, we identified variation in patterns of religious involvement from 2004 to 2016. Measures of attending religious services, feeling religion is very important, and having good friends in the congregation show age-graded patterns; older cohorts have a higher level of religiosity than those following them, with only minor exceptions. For all three measures, differences by cohort within waves of data are statistically significant. We confirm, with longitudinal data, the findings of repeated cross-sectional surveys in the United States showing a generational pattern of decline in religiousness. The consequences of this loss of a common social tie for future older cohorts are unknown, since current older cohorts still maintain a high level of religious participation. However, future generations of older adults are likely to be less familiar with social support from religious institutions, and those institutions may be less available to provide such support as the apparently inexorable processes of secularization continue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Idler
- 1371 Department of Sociology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Muniz-Terrera G, Mendelevitch O, Barnes R, Lesh MD. Virtual Cohorts and Synthetic Data in Dementia: An Illustration of Their Potential to Advance Research. Front Artif Intell 2021; 4:613956. [PMID: 34079930 PMCID: PMC8165312 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2021.613956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
When attempting to answer questions of interest, scientists often encounter hurdles that may stem from limited access to existing adequate datasets as a consequence of poor data sharing practices, constraining administrative practices. Further, when attempting to integrate data, differences in existing datasets also impose challenges that limit opportunities for data integration. As a result, the pace of scientific advancements is suboptimal. Synthetic data and virtual cohorts generated using innovative computational techniques represent an opportunity to overcome some of these limitations and consequently, to advance scientific developments. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of virtual cohorts techniques to generate a synthetic dataset that mirrors a deeply phenotyped sample of preclinical dementia research participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael D Lesh
- Syntegra, San Carlos, CA, United States.,University of California San Francisco, Mill Valley, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dickerson J, Kelly B, Lockyer B, Bridges S, Cartwright C, Willan K, Shire K, Crossley K, Bryant M, Sheldon TA, Lawlor DA, Wright J, McEachan RRC, Pickett KE. Experiences of lockdown during the Covid-19 pandemic: descriptive findings from a survey of families in the Born in Bradford study. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5:228. [PMID: 33709038 PMCID: PMC7927208 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16317.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lockdown measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 virus have increased health inequalities, with families from deprived and ethnically diverse backgrounds most likely to be adversely affected. This paper describes the experiences of families living in the multi-ethnic and deprived city of Bradford, England. Methods: A wave of survey data collection using a combination of email, text and phone with postal follow-up during the first Covid-19 UK lockdown (10th April to 30 th June 2020) with parents participating in two longitudinal studies. Cross tabulations explored variation by ethnicity and financial insecurity. Text from open questions was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Of 7,652 families invited, 2,144 (28%) participated. The results presented are based on the 2,043 (95%) mothers' responses: 957 (47%) of whom were of Pakistani heritage, 715 (35%) White British and 356 (18%) other ethnicity 971 (46%) lived in the most deprived decile of material deprivation in England. and 738 (37%) were financially insecure. Many families lived in poor quality (N=574, 28%), overcrowded (N=364, 19%) housing. Food (N=396, 20%), employment (N=728, 37%) and housing (N=204, 10%) insecurities were common, particularly in those who were furloughed, self-employed not working or unemployed. Clinically important depression and anxiety were reported by 372 (19%) and 318 (16%) mothers. Ethnic minority and financially insecure families had a worse experience during the lockdown across all domains, with the exception of mental health which appeared worse in White British mothers. Open text responses corroborated these findings and highlighted high levels of anxiety and fear about Covid-19. Conclusions: There is a need for policy makers and commissioners to better support vulnerable families during and after the pandemic. Future work will use longitudinal data from before the pandemic, and from future surveys during the pandemic, to describe trajectories and the long-term consequences of the pandemic on vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josie Dickerson
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Brian Kelly
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Bridget Lockyer
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Sally Bridges
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Christopher Cartwright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Kathryn Willan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Katy Shire
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Kirsty Crossley
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Maria Bryant
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Trevor A. Sheldon
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner Street, London, E1 2AB, UK
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Rosemary R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Kate E. Pickett
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - on behalf of the Bradford Institute for Health Research Covid-19 Scientific Advisory Group
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner Street, London, E1 2AB, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nittas V, Puhan MA, von Wyl V. Toward a Working Definition of eCohort Studies in Health Research: Narrative Literature Review. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e24588. [PMID: 33475521 PMCID: PMC7861999 DOI: 10.2196/24588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The wide availability of internet-connected devices and new sensor technologies increasingly infuse longitudinal observational study designs and cohort studies. Simultaneously, the costly and time-consuming nature of traditional cohorts has given rise to alternative, technology-driven designs such as eCohorts, which remain inadequately described in the scientific literature. Objective The aim of this study was to outline and discuss what may constitute an eCohort, as well as to formulate a first working definition for health researchers based on a review of the relevant literature. Methods A two-staged review and synthesis process was performed comparing 10 traditional cohorts and 10 eCohorts across the six core steps in the life cycle of cohort designs. Results eCohorts are a novel type of technology-driven cohort study that are not physically linked to a clinical setting, follow more relaxed and not necessarily random sampling procedures, are primarily based on self-reported and digitally collected data, and systematically aim to leverage the internet and digitalization to achieve flexibility, interactivity, patient-centeredness, and scalability. This approach comes with some hurdles such as data quality, generalizability, and privacy concerns. Conclusions eCohorts have similarities to their traditional counterparts; however, they are sufficiently distinct to be treated as a separate type of cohort design. The novelty of eCohorts is associated with a range of strengths and weaknesses that require further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Nittas
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo Alan Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viktor von Wyl
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang J, Hu YJ, Clifford S, Goldfeld S, Wake M. Selecting life course frameworks to guide and communicate large new cohort studies: Generation Victoria (GenV) case study. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021;:1-20. [PMID: 33455604 DOI: 10.1017/S2040174420001245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
While birth cohorts are shaped by underpinning life course frameworks, few if any report how they select them. This review aimed to (1) summarise publicly available frameworks relevant to planning and communicating large new early-life cohorts and (2) help select frameworks to guide and communicate Generation Victoria (GenV), a whole-of-state birth and parent cohort in planning in the state of Victoria, Australia. We identified potential frameworks from prior knowledge, networks and a pragmatic literature search in 2019. We considered for inclusion only frameworks with an existing visual graphic. We summarised each framework's concept, then judged it on a seven-item matrix (Scope, Dimensions, Outcomes, Life course, Mechanisms, Multi-age, and Visual Clarity) to be of high, intermediate or low relevance to GenV. We presented and evaluated 14 life course frameworks across research and policy. Two, nine and three frameworks, respectively, were ranked as high, intermediate and low relevance to GenV, although none totally communicated its scope and intent. Shonkoff's biodevelopmental framework was selected as GenV's primary framework, adapted to include ongoing feedback loops through the life course and influence of an individual's outcomes on the next generation. Because conceptual simplicity precluded the primary framework from capturing the wide range of relevant exposures, we selected the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare's person-centred model as a secondary framework. This summary of existing life course frameworks may prove helpful to other cohorts in planning. Our transparent process and focus on visual communication are already assisting in explaining and selecting measures for GenV. The feasibility, comprehension and validity of these frameworks could be further tested at implementation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Morales-Muñoz I, Kantojärvi K, Uhre VM, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Kylliäinen A, Pölkki P, Himanen SL, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Paavonen EJ, Paunio T. The Effects of Genetic Background for Diurnal Preference on Sleep Development in Early Childhood. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:219-228. [PMID: 33623463 PMCID: PMC7896793 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s287163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE No previous research has examined the impact of the genetic background of diurnal preference on children´s sleep. Here, we examined the effects of genetic risk score for the liability of diurnal preference on sleep development in early childhood in two population-based cohorts from Finland. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS The primary sample (CHILD-SLEEP, CS) comprised 1420 infants (695 girls), and the replication sample (FinnBrain, FB; 962 girls) 2063 infants. Parent-reported sleep duration, sleep-onset latency and bedtime were assessed at three, eight, 18 and 24 months in CS, and at six, 12 and 24 months in FB. Actigraphy-based sleep latency and efficiency were measured in CS in 365 infants at eight months (168 girls), and in 197 infants at 24 months (82 girls). Mean standard scores for each sleep domain were calculated in both samples. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were used to quantitate the genetic risk for eveningness (PRSBestFit) and morningness (PRS10kBest). RESULTS PRSBestFit associated with longer sleep-onset latency and later bedtime, and PRS10kBest related to shorter sleep-onset latency in CS. The link between genetic risk for diurnal preference and sleep-onset latency was replicated in FB, and meta-analysis resulted in associations (P<0.0005) with both PRS-values (PRSBestFit: Z=3.55; and PRS10kBest: Z=-3.68). Finally, PRSBestFit was related to actigraphy-based lower sleep efficiency and longer sleep latency at eight months. CONCLUSION Genetic liability to diurnal preference for eveningness relates to longer sleep-onset during the first two years of life, and to objectively measured lowered sleep efficiency. These findings enhance our understanding on the biological factors affecting sleep development, and contribute to clarify the physiological sleep architecture in early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Morales-Muñoz
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katri Kantojärvi
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Uhre
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Saarenpää-Heikkilä
- Pediatric Clinic, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anneli Kylliäinen
- Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pirjo Pölkki
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari-Leena Himanen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre and Hospital Pharmacy, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - E Juulia Paavonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Pediatric Research Center, Child Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Linschoten M, Peters S, van Smeden M, Jewbali LS, Schaap J, Siebelink HM, Smits PC, Tieleman RG, van der Harst P, van Gilst WH, Asselbergs FW. Cardiac complications in patients hospitalised with COVID-19. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2020; 9:817-823. [PMID: 33222494 PMCID: PMC7734244 DOI: 10.1177/2048872620974605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the frequency and pattern of cardiac complications in patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). METHODS AND RESULTS CAPACITY-COVID is an international patient registry established to determine the role of cardiovascular disease in the COVID-19 pandemic. In this registry, data generated during routine clinical practice are collected in a standardised manner for patients with a (highly suspected) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection requiring hospitalisation. For the current analysis, consecutive patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 registered between 28 March and 3 July 2020 were included. Patients were followed for the occurrence of cardiac complications and pulmonary embolism from admission to discharge. In total, 3011 patients were included, of which 1890 (62.8%) were men. The median age was 67 years (interquartile range 56-76); 937 (31.0%) patients had a history of cardiac disease, with pre-existent coronary artery disease being most common (n=463, 15.4%). During hospitalisation, 595 (19.8%) patients died, including 16 patients (2.7%) with cardiac causes. Cardiac complications were diagnosed in 349 (11.6%) patients, with atrial fibrillation (n=142, 4.7%) being most common. The incidence of other cardiac complications was 1.8% for heart failure (n=55), 0.5% for acute coronary syndrome (n=15), 0.5% for ventricular arrhythmia (n=14), 0.1% for bacterial endocarditis (n=4) and myocarditis (n=3), respectively, and 0.03% for pericarditis (n=1). Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in 198 (6.6%) patients. CONCLUSION This large study among 3011 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 shows that the incidence of cardiac complications during hospital admission is low, despite a frequent history of cardiovascular disease. Long-term cardiac outcomes and the role of pre-existing cardiovascular disease in COVID-19 outcome warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Linschoten
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Peters
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sidney, Australia
| | - Maarten van Smeden
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lucia S Jewbali
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Schaap
- Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Hans-Marc Siebelink
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C Smits
- Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert G Tieleman
- Department of Cardiology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wiek H van Gilst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dickerson J, Kelly B, Lockyer B, Bridges S, Cartwright C, Willan K, Shire K, Crossley K, Bryant M, Sheldon TA, Lawlor DA, Wright J, McEachan RRC, Pickett KE. Experiences of lockdown during the Covid-19 pandemic: descriptive findings from a survey of families in the Born in Bradford study. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:228. [PMID: 33709038 PMCID: PMC7927208 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16317.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lockdown measures implemented to contain the Covid-19 virus may be increasing health inequalities, with families from deprived and ethnically diverse backgrounds most likely to be adversely affected. This paper presents findings of the experiences of the Covid-19 lockdown on families living in the multi-ethnic and deprived city of Bradford, England. Methods: Questionnaire surveys were sent during the Covid-19 UK lockdown (10th April to 30 th June 2020) to parents in two prospective birth cohort studies. Cross tabulations explored variation by ethnicity and employment status. Text from open questions were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Of 7,652 families invited, 2,144 (28%) participated. Ethnicity of respondents was: 957 (47%) Pakistani heritage, 715 (35%) White British and 356 (18%) other. 971 (46%) live in the most deprived decile of material deprivation in England. 2,043 (95%) were mothers and 101 were partners. The results summarised below are based on the mothers' responses. Many families live in poor quality (N=574, 28%), and overcrowded (N=364, 19%) housing; this was more common in families of Pakistani heritage and other ethnicities. Financial (N=738 (37%), food (N=396, 20%), employment (N=728, 37%) and housing (N=204, 10%) insecurities were common, particularly in those who were furloughed, self-employed not working or unemployed. Clinically significant depression and anxiety symptoms were reported by 372 (19%) and 318 (16%) of the mothers and were more common in White British mothers and those with economic insecurity. Open text responses corroborated these findings and highlighted high levels of anxiety about becoming ill or dying from Covid-19. Conclusions: The experiences of the Covid-19 lockdown in this ethnically diverse and deprived population highlight a large number of families living in poor housing conditions, suffering from economic insecurity and poor mental health. There is a need for policy makers and commissioners to better support these families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josie Dickerson
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Brian Kelly
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Bridget Lockyer
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Sally Bridges
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Christopher Cartwright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Kathryn Willan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Katy Shire
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Kirsty Crossley
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Maria Bryant
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Trevor A. Sheldon
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner Street, London, E1 2AB, UK
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Rosemary R C McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Kate E. Pickett
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - on behalf of the Bradford Institute for Health Research Covid-19 Scientific Advisory Group
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, BD9 6RJ, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner Street, London, E1 2AB, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lysberg F, Bjerregaard Bertelsen T, Lysberg C, Høie M, Espnes GA, Innstrand ST. Change and stability: Within-person life satisfaction over a 20-year period using data from the HUNT survey. Scand J Public Health 2020; 49:851-856. [PMID: 32951535 PMCID: PMC8573628 DOI: 10.1177/1403494820957439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate within-person life satisfaction (LS) dynamics for two age groups, 20–29 and 30–39 years, from 1984 to 1986 and to follow them over a 20-year period. Methods: Data from 1984 to 2008 were extracted from the large, prospective, longitudinal North-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), Norway. This paper includes data from more than 14,500 persons. Data were analysed using logistic regression, and LS dynamics were modelled using gender, time and self-rated health. Results: The analyses revealed that about 20% of people in these age groups had a stable level in LS, also known as set point. Long-term LS change, defined as ⩾2 SDs, was reported for 9% and 6% of people in the youngest and oldest age groups, respectively. A large proportion of more than 70% of people had fluctuations in their LS over a 20-year period. A significant decrease in within-person LS was seen for the age groups from 1984–86 to 1995–97 where a significant increase appeared from 1995–97 to 2006–08. For the initial 20–29 age group, the odds of having a higher score increased by 34%, and for the initial 30–39 age group, the within-person LS increase was 81%. Self-rated health was the most crucial variable influencing within-person LS. Conclusions: These findings suggest that a significant proportion of the responders had a long-term within-person LS change over the 20-year period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frode Lysberg
- NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Health, Faculty of Health and Sport, University of Agder, Norway
| | | | | | - Magnhild Høie
- Department of Psychosocial Health, Faculty of Health and Sport, University of Agder, Norway
| | - Geir Arild Espnes
- NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Siw Tone Innstrand
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kogevinas M, Schlünssen V, Mehlum IS, Turner MC. The OMEGA-NET International Inventory of Occupational Cohorts. Ann Work Expo Health 2020; 64:565-568. [PMID: 32556221 PMCID: PMC7328468 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent count of cohort studies in Europe capturing information on occupation and/or occupational exposures, we estimated that there are more than 60 major studies with some type of occupational information that enrolled over 30 million persons. With few exceptions there have been no large-scale analyses systematically combining cohorts from this extraordinary resource. We present the development of an inventory of cohorts with occupational information in Europe and internationally and describe the online interactive tool with detailed information on existing cohorts. The OMEGA-NET inventory can be accessed at http://occupationalcohorts.net/ includes cohorts, case-control studies nested within cohorts and intervention studies that are active or can substantiate that their data are potentially accessible; that include data on occupation and/or industry or at least one occupational exposure; and that have at least one follow-up, either already conducted or planned. We expect that this open access inventory will be an important prerequisite for use of this resource of existing studies for research and policy development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cancé C, Madiot PE, Lenne C, Artemova S, Cohard B, Bodin M, Caporossi A, Blatier JF, Fauconnier J, Olive F, Pagonis D, Le Magny D, Bosson JL, Charriere K, Paturel I, Lavaire B, Schummer G, Eterno J, Ravey JN, Bricault I, Ferretti G, Chanoine S, Bedouch P, Barbier E, Thevenon J, Mossuz P, Moreau-Gaudry A. Cohort Creation and Visualization Using Graph Model in the PREDIMED Health Data Warehouse. Stud Health Technol Inform 2020; 270:108-112. [PMID: 32570356 DOI: 10.3233/shti200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Grenoble Alpes University Hospital (CHUGA) is currently deploying a health data warehouse called PREDIMED [1], a platform designed to integrate and analyze for research, education and institutional management the data of patients treated at CHUGA. PREDIMED contains healthcare data, administrative data and, potentially, data from external databases. PREDIMED is hosted by the CHUGA Information Systems Department and benefits from its strict security rules. CHUGA's institutional project PREDIMED aims to collaborate with similar projects in France and worldwide. In this paper, we present how the data model defined to implement PREDIMED at CHUGA is useful for medical experts to interactively build a cohort of patients and to visualize this cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Svetlana Artemova
- CHU Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), Grenoble, France
- Clinical Investigation Centre - Technological Innovation, Inserm, CHUGA, UGA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Marjolaine Bodin
- CHU Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), Grenoble, France
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Alban Caporossi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), Grenoble, France
- Clinical Investigation Centre - Technological Innovation, Inserm, CHUGA, UGA, Grenoble, France
- TIMC-IMAG Laboratory, UGA, CNRS, Vet Agro, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Luc Bosson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), Grenoble, France
- Clinical Investigation Centre - Technological Innovation, Inserm, CHUGA, UGA, Grenoble, France
- TIMC-IMAG Laboratory, UGA, CNRS, Vet Agro, Grenoble, France
| | - Katia Charriere
- CHU Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), Grenoble, France
- Clinical Investigation Centre - Technological Innovation, Inserm, CHUGA, UGA, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Bricault
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), Grenoble, France
- Clinical Investigation Centre - Technological Innovation, Inserm, CHUGA, UGA, Grenoble, France
- TIMC-IMAG Laboratory, UGA, CNRS, Vet Agro, Grenoble, France
| | - Gilbert Ferretti
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), Grenoble, France
- IAB, UGA, Inserm, CNRS, France
| | - Sébastien Chanoine
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), Grenoble, France
- TIMC-IMAG Laboratory, UGA, CNRS, Vet Agro, Grenoble, France
- IAB, UGA, Inserm, CNRS, France
| | - Pierrick Bedouch
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), Grenoble, France
- TIMC-IMAG Laboratory, UGA, CNRS, Vet Agro, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Julien Thevenon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), Grenoble, France
- IAB, UGA, Inserm, CNRS, France
| | - Pascal Mossuz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), Grenoble, France
- IAB, UGA, Inserm, CNRS, France
| | - Alexandre Moreau-Gaudry
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), Grenoble, France
- Clinical Investigation Centre - Technological Innovation, Inserm, CHUGA, UGA, Grenoble, France
- TIMC-IMAG Laboratory, UGA, CNRS, Vet Agro, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu X, Guasch‐Ferré M, Drouin‐Chartier J, Tobias DK, Bhupathiraju SN, Rexrode KM, Willett WC, Sun Q, Li Y. Changes in Nut Consumption and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among US Men and Women: 3 Large Prospective Cohort Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e013877. [PMID: 32233756 PMCID: PMC7428648 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background We aim to evaluate the association of within-individual changes in consumption of total and specific types of nuts and the subsequent risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in US men and women. Methods and Results We included 34 103 men from the HPFS (Health Professionals Follow-Up Study) (1986-2012), 77 815 women from the NHS (Nurses' Health Study) (1986-2012), and 80 737 women from the NHS II (1991-2013). We assessed nut consumption every 4 years using validated food frequency questionnaires. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine the association between 4-year changes in nut consumption and risk of confirmed CVD end points in the subsequent 4 years. Per 0.5 serving/day increase in total nut consumption was associated with lower risk of CVD (relative risk [RR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.98), coronary heart disease (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99), and stroke (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.95). Compared with individuals who remained nonconsumers in a 4-year interval, those who had higher consumption of total nuts (≥0.5 servings/day) had a lower risk of CVD (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.67-0.84), coronary heart disease (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69-0.93), and stroke (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.57-0.82) in next 4 years. Individuals who decreased nut consumption by ≥0.50 servings/day had a higher risk of developing CVD (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.99-1.32), coronary heart disease (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.88-1.28), and stroke (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02-1.60) when compared with those who maintained their nut consumption. Conclusions Increasing total consumption of nuts and intake of individual types of nuts (eg, walnuts, other tree nuts, and peanuts) was associated with a subsequent lower risk of CVD. These data support the role of nut intake in the primary prevention of CVD. Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT00005152 and NCT00005182.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
| | - Marta Guasch‐Ferré
- Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
- Channing Division of Network MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | | | - Deirdre K. Tobias
- Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
- Division of Preventive MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju
- Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
- Channing Division of Network MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Kathryn M. Rexrode
- Division of Preventive MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
- Channing Division of Network MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
- Channing Division of Network MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Massy ZA, Caskey FJ, Finne P, Harambat J, Jager KJ, Nagler E, Stengel B, Sever MS, Vanholder R, Blankestijn PJ, Bruchfeld A, Capasso G, Fliser D, Fouque D, Goumenos D, Soler MJ, Rychlík I, Spasovski G, Stevens K, Wanner C, Zoccali C. Nephrology and Public Policy Committee propositions to stimulate research collaboration in adults and children in Europe. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:1469-1480. [PMID: 31197325 PMCID: PMC6736134 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The strengths and the limitations of research activities currently present in Europe are explored in order to outline how to proceed in the near future. Epidemiological and clinical research and public policy in Europe are generally considered to be comprehensive and successful, and the European Renal Association – European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) is playing a key role in the field of nephrology research. The Nephrology and Public Policy Committee (NPPC) aims to improve the current situation and translation into public policy by planning eight research topics to be supported in the coming 5 years by ERA-EDTA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad A Massy
- Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Paris-Ile-de-France-West University (UVSQ), Boulogne-Billancourt, Paris, France.,INSERM U1018 Team5, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Fergus J Caskey
- Consultant Senior Lecturer, Population Health Sciences University of Bristol, UK
| | - Patrik Finne
- Finnish Registry for Kidney Diseases, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jerome Harambat
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Pellegrin-Enfants Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, and University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Team LEHA, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kitty J Jager
- ERA-EDTA Registry, Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evi Nagler
- European Renal Best Practice, London, UK
| | | | - Mehmet Sukru Sever
- Department of Nephrology/Internal Medicine, Istanbul School of Medicine, Istanbul University, Millet Caddesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter J Blankestijn
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annette Bruchfeld
- Department of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples and Biogem, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Danilo Fliser
- Department of Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg, Germany
| | - Denis Fouque
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, Nutrition, Université de Lyon, CARMEN, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite Cedex, France
| | | | - Maria Jose Soler
- Department of Nephrology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Rychlík
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Goce Spasovski
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University of Skopje, Skopje, Former Yugoslav, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Kathryn Stevens
- Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Caristia S, Filigheddu N, Barone-Adesi F, Sarro A, Testa T, Magnani C, Aimaretti G, Faggiano F, Marzullo P. Vitamin D as a Biomarker of Ill Health among the Over-50s: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2384. [PMID: 31590434 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between circulating levels of vitamin D and the incidence of chronic diseases is known. The identification of vitamin D as a biomarker of physiological/pathological ageing could contribute to expanding current knowledge of its involvement in healthy ageing. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted on cohorts studying the role of 25OH-Vitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25(OH)2-Vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] concentrations as biomarkers of healthy ageing. We consulted MedLine, Scopus, and Web of Science to search for studies on the association between vitamin D status in populations of originally healthy adults, and outcomes of longevity, illness, and physical and cognitive functionality. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Results: Twenty cohorts from 24 articles were selected for this review. Inverse associations were found between low 25(OH)D levels and all-cause mortality, respiratory and cardiovascular events, as well as markers relating to hip and non-vertebral fractures. Associations between 1,25(OH)2D and healthy ageing outcomes gave similar results, although of lower clinical significance. Conclusions: This systematic review pinpoints peculiar aspects of vitamin D as a multidimensional predictor of ill health in the ageing process. Further well-designed controlled trials to investigate whether vitamin D supplement results in superior outcomes are warranted in the future.
Collapse
|
32
|
Krok-Schoen JL, Bernardo BM, Elena JW, Green PA, Hoover E, Peng J, Anderson GL, Caan B, Johnson LG, Paskett ED. An Environmental Scan of Biopsychosocial and Clinical Variables in Cohort Studies of Cancer Survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1621-1641. [PMID: 31315912 PMCID: PMC6774809 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inventory of cancer survivorship cohorts is necessary to identify important gaps in what is being studied among cancer survivors. METHODS We conducted an environmental scan of cancer survivor cohorts to determine the scope and scale of information collected on demographic, biopsychosocial, and selected clinical variables from cancer survivors. Cohorts were eligible for inclusion in the environmental scan if the study was conducted in the United States, reported in English, and consisted of data collected from cancer survivors postdiagnosis and followed for at least 1 year. RESULTS Out of the 131 cohorts identified, 62 were eligible. There were 23 cancer sites represented, and more than half of the studies included breast cancer survivors (n = 34). The next most commonly included cancers were leukemia (n = 22) and lymphoma (n = 23). The majority (n = 59) collected information on clinical characteristics and basic diagnostic information, patient demographic characteristics (n = 57), patient-reported symptoms (n = 44), lifestyle (n = 45), and psychologic characteristics (n = 42). Half collected biospecimens (n = 35) and biomarkers (n = 35); fewer collected CAM use (n = 19) and social characteristics (n = 27). CONCLUSIONS Extensive data are available in cancer cohorts to study important questions relevant to cancer survivors. Cohorts should consider collecting information on social and environmental factors, as well as biospecimen collection and biomarker analyses, and should include survivors from cancer sites less likely to be studied. IMPACT This information can assist researchers in understanding the types of information currently being gathered from cancer survivors for further analysis and identify areas where more research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Krok-Schoen
- Division of Medical Dietetics and Health Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Joanne W Elena
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paige A Green
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Science Branch, Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elise Hoover
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Juan Peng
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Garnet L Anderson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bette Caan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Lisa G Johnson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Electra D Paskett
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cubo E, Gallego-Nieto C, Elizari-Roncal M, Barroso-Pérez T, Collazo C, Calvo S, Delgado-López PD. Is Restless Legs Syndrome Associated with an Increased Risk of Mortality? A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2019; 9:650. [PMID: 31413895 PMCID: PMC6691746 DOI: 10.7916/tohm.v0.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sleep disorder,. although controversial, growing evidence relates the presence of RLS to an increased risk of mortality, mainly due to cardiovascular events. The aim of this article was to review the role of RLS as a risk factor of mortality according to independent cohort studies. Methods We performed a literature review via PubMed database for articles relating RLS and mortality. We used the random-effects model to calculate the pooled effect estimates on mortality. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results Out of 100 articles identified, 13 were finally included. Although studies were heterogeneous (p = 0.001), no significant publication bias was found. When all cohort studies were considered, the random-effects model yielded a significantly increased risk of mortality in RLS versus non-RLS patients (13 studies, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-1.80). However, this association was not statistically significant when only cohort studies using the international RLS diagnostic criteria were considered (5 studies, HR = 1.63, 95% CI 0.94-2.81). Discussion The results of this meta-analysis suggest that RLS seems to be a risk factor of mortality, although this association is conditioned by the diagnostic criteria used in the studies. Future long-term follow-up standardized mortality studies are needed to address this important question that carries potential impact on population global health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Cubo
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Burgos, ES.,Health Science Department, University of Burgos, ES
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Calvo
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Burgos, ES
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Martin FC, Romero Ortuño R. Longitudinal studies of ageing: from insights to impacts: commentary to accompany themed collection on longitudinal studies. Age Ageing 2019; 48:481-485. [PMID: 31008499 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
'Time is the best diagnostician': who has not thought this? In clinical practice, presentations are often subtle and decisions made in the face of a 'snapshot.' Crystal balls do not exist; yet, insights from longitudinal studies can help to recognise emerging pictures and anticipate typical trajectories. In the multifactorial, biopsychosocial world of geriatrics, the determinants of those trajectories, and hence opportunities to modify them, can be better understood through careful longitudinal disentangling of the wider determinants of health, and this can be done at multiple levels of analysis, from molecules to society. With this collection and commentary, we highlight the approaches, scope and impacts of a selection of longitudinal studies of ageing published in Age and Ageing within the past 10 years. Longitudinal studies can illuminate disease mechanisms, how declines in multiple domains of intrinsic capacity interact, how losses in one domain may influence the path of another, and in turn, how these changes translate to functional disability, or not. Observing trajectories of geriatric syndromes can suggest opportunities for optimisation and prevention in clinical practice and policy. With global opportunities for harmonising data, longitudinal studies are already offering the opportunity for cross-national comparisons and for developing hypotheses about the relative contributions of time, place and society in the trajectories of frailty, disability and quality of life. We also include studies which show how research-based longitudinal data can be synthesised or be linked to administrative datasets. We hope you find this collection as interesting and encouraging as we have.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Finbarr C Martin
- Emeritus Professor of Medical Gerontology, King’s College London and Emeritus Consultant Geriatrician, Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Román Romero Ortuño
- Associate Professor in Medical Gerontology, Trinity College Dublin and Consultant Physician, St James’s Hospital, Dublin
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Biomarkers are essential to determine different phenotypes of childhood asthma, and for the prediction of response to treatments. In young preschool children with asthma, aeroallergen sensitization, and blood eosinophil count of 300/μL or greater may identify those who can benefit from the daily use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). We propose that every preschool child who is considered for ICS treatment should have these two features measured as a minimum before a decision is made on the commencement of long-term preventive treatment. In practice, IgE-mediated sensitization should be considered as a quantifiable variable, i.e., we should use the titer of sIgE antibodies or the size of skin prick test response. A number of other blood biomarkers may prove useful (e.g., allergen-specific IgG/IgE antibody ratios amongst sensitized individuals, component-resolved diagnostics which measures sIgE response to a large number of allergenic molecules, assessment of immune responses to viruses, level of serum CC16, etc.), but it remains unclear whether these can be translated into clinically useful tests. Going forward, a more integrated approach which takes into account multiple domains of asthma, from the pattern of symptoms and blood biomarkers to genetic risk and lung function measures, is needed if we are to move toward a stratified approach to asthma management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Sonntag
- Respiratory Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Filippi
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Spyros Pipis
- Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Paediatrics, Aretaeio Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Adnan Custovic
- Respiratory Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Custovic A, Henderson J, Simpson A. Does understanding endotypes translate to better asthma management options for all? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:25-33. [PMID: 31145940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the development of novel treatments, improvement in the design of delivery devices, and new technologies for monitoring and improving adherence, the burden of asthma is not decreasing. Predicting an individual patient's response to asthma drugs remains challenging, and the provision of personalized treatment remains elusive. Although biomarkers, such as allergic sensitization and blood eosinophilia, might be important predictors of response to inhaled corticosteroids in preschool children, these relatively cheap and available investigations are seldom used in clinical practice to select patients for corticosteroid prescription. However, for the majority of patients, response to different treatments cannot be accurately predicted. One of the key factors preventing further advances is the reductionist view of asthma as a single disease, which is forcing patients with different asthma subtypes into a single group for empiric treatment. This inevitably results in treatment failures and, for some, an unacceptable risk/benefit ratio. The approach to asthma today is an example of the traditional symptom (diagnosis)-based, one-size-fits-all approach rather than a stratified approach, and our guidelines-driven management based on a unitary diagnosis might not be the optimal way to deliver care. The only way to deliver stratified medicine and find a cure is through the understanding of asthma endotypes. We propose that the way to discover endotypes, biomarkers, and personalized treatments is through the iterative process based on interpretation of big data analytics from birth and patient cohorts, responses to treatments in randomized controlled trials, and in vitro mechanistic studies using human samples and experimental animal models, with technological and methodological advances at its core.
Collapse
|
37
|
Luo G, Li B, Yang C, Wang Y, Bian X, Li W, Liu F, Huo G. Major Traditional Probiotics: Comparative Genomic Analyses and Roles in Gut Microbiome of Eight Cohorts. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:712. [PMID: 31024492 PMCID: PMC6465617 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulating gut microbiota to promote host health is well recognized. Therefore, people consume dietary products containing traditional probiotics in wishing to improve their health, and they need more research-based advices on how to select products with suitable probiotic species. Probiotic designers are sometimes confused about how to design precision products for different consumers by taking advantages of different probiotic species’ strengths. Additionally, large-scale analyses on traditional probiotic complementarity potentials and their roles in gut microbiome related to common diseases are not well understood. Here, we comprehensively analyzed 444 genomes of major traditional probiotic (sub) species (MTPS, n = 15) by combining one newly sequenced genome with all of the public NCBI-available MTPS-related genomes. The public human fecal metagenomic data (n = 1,815) of eight cohorts were used to evaluate the roles of MTPS, compared to other main gut bacteria, in disease association by examining the species enrichment direction in disease group or the control group. Our work provided a comprehensive genetic landscape and complementarity relations for MTPS and shed light on personalized probiotic supplements for consumers with different health status and the necessity that researchers and manufactures could explore novel probiotics as well as traditional ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Bailiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Cailu Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Dapeng New District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yutang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wan Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guicheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Introduction: Breastfeeding promotion is one of the most effective strategies to prevent child malnutrition; it reduces costs to families, health services and society. In Colombia, exclusive breastfeeding is practiced only by 10% of women. Objective: To identify factors associated with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: A cohort of 438 primiparous women was followed during 6 months by means of 8 home interviews, in order to determine the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Individual, family and health service factors were studied; and survival analysis was carried out. Results: At 8 days, only a few more than half of the participants maintained exclusive breastfeeding; at month 6 of follow-up, this proportion was reduced to 1.4%. The duration of exclusive breastfeeding was determined by: initiation of breastfeeding in the first 4 hours after delivery (HR= 4.07, 95% CI: 0.96-16.67), self-perceived sureness for breastfeeding (HR= 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04 -1.58), positive opinion of the baby's father regarding breastfeeding (HR= 1.26, 95% CI: 1.01-1.57), and newborn weight (HR= 1.23, 95% CI: 1.00-1.53). Conclusion: There are factors before delivery and in the immediate puerperium that determine, partially, the duration of exclusive breastfeeding.
Collapse
|
39
|
Aspelund T, Grübler MR, Smith AV, Gudmundsson EF, Keppel M, Cotch MF, Harris TB, Jorde R, Grimnes G, Joakimsen R, Schirmer H, Wilsgaard T, Mathiesen EB, Njølstad I, Løchen ML, März W, Kleber ME, Tomaschitz A, Grove-Laugesen D, Rejnmark L, Swart KMA, Brouwer IA, Lips P, van Schoor NM, Sempos CT, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Škrabáková Z, Dowling KG, Cashman KD, Kiely M, Pilz S, Gudnason V, Eiriksdottir G. Effect of Genetically Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D on Mortality Risk: Mendelian Randomization Analysis in 3 Large European Cohorts. Nutrients 2019; 11:E74. [PMID: 30609725 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if increased mortality associated with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) reflects a causal relationship by using a Mendelian randomisation (MR) approach with genetic variants in the vitamin D synthesis pathway. Individual participant data from three European cohorts were harmonized with standardization of 25(OH)D according to the Vitamin D Standardization Program. Most relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms of the genes CYP2R1 (rs12794714, rs10741657) and DHCR7/NADSYN1 (rs12785878, rs11234027), were combined in two allelic scores. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used with the ratio estimator and the delta method for calculating the hazards ratio (HR) and standard error of genetically determined 25(OH)D effect on all-cause mortality. We included 10,501 participants (50.1% females, 67.1±10.1 years) of whom 4003 died during a median follow-up of 10.4 years. The observed adjusted HR for all-cause mortality per decrease in 25(OH)D by 20 nmol/L was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.15⁻1.25). The HR per 20 nmol/L decrease in genetically determined 25(OH)D was 1.32 (95% CI: 0.80⁻2.24) and 1.35 (95% CI of 0.81 to 2.37) based on the two scores. In conclusion, the results of this MR study in a combined sample from three European cohort studies provide further support for a causal relationship between vitamin D deficiency and increased all-cause mortality. However, as the current study, even with ~10,000 participants, was underpowered for the study of the effect of the allele score on mortality, larger studies on genetics and mortality are needed to improve the precision.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Cannabis consumption produces psychopathology, in some cases psychotic episodes, which are of our interest in this work. However, the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis has not been fully elucidated. The objectives of this work are to (1) review the current state of knowledge on the association of cannabis use with the risk of the development of psychosis or psychotic symptoms in people without schizophrenia and (2) assess the consistency of the hypothesis that cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychosis in people without schizophrenia. METHOD: This work included research done in humans until May 2018 with the keywords 'cannabis' and 'psychosis', published in English and Spanish, in the PubMed database. RESULTS: In all, 66 papers were analyzed, of which 23 were cohort trials and 43 were reviews. CONCLUSION: Cannabis use doubles the risk of developing psychosis in vulnerable people. There even exists a relationship regarding the dose used and the age of first use. Gene-environment interactions that modulate the association between cannabis use and the presence of psychosis have also been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Bettina Ortiz-Medina
- 1 Area of Research, Department of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.,2 Hospital de Clínicas, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Marta Perea
- 3 Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,4 Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Julio Torales
- 2 Hospital de Clínicas, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.,5 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- 6 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Vitrani
- 6 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lourdes Aguilar
- 7 Psychiatric Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain.,8 Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlos Roncero
- 3 Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,7 Psychiatric Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, Salamanca, Spain.,8 Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wranker LS, Elmståhl S, Ekström H. Pain and alcohol: a comparison of two cohorts of 60 year old women and men: findings from the Good Aging in Skåne study. Scand J Pain 2018; 18:611-620. [PMID: 29995637 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2018-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims Pain, use of painkillers and alcohol are highly prevalent in the general population. Aims of the study were to describe differences in pain, alcohol consumption and use of painkillers among two 60 year old birth cohorts stratified by gender. Methods Participants were recruited from the Skåne centre of The Swedish National study on Aging and Care, a multicentre, prospective, longitudinal study. The sample comprised 60 year old men and women born between 1941 and 1943 and recruited to the study between 2001 and 2004 (n=663) and 60 year old men and women born in the period 1952-1954 and recruited to the study between 2013 and 2015 (n=924). Specially trained research staff conducted the interviews. For descriptive statistics the variables were presented in total numbers, percentages, mean and standard deviation, and 1st and 3rd quartile are also shown. The sample was divided into four groups: men and women born in the period 1941-1943, men and women born in the period 1952-1954, respectively. Results No difference in alcohol intake was detected between the two birth cohorts. All participants, regardless of pain or not, reported alcohol use below the specified risk level for both sexes. Teetotallers were more common in the 1952-1954 male cohort, 128 (29%), p<0.029. Two hundred and eighty one Men born between 1952 and 1954 reported pain (59.0%), compared to 173 men born between 1941 and 1943 (51.6%), p<0.034. There was no difference between the male cohorts in use of painkillers, p<0.062. No difference was found between the two female cohorts in terms of pain, p<0.144. One hundred and ten women in the 1941-43 cohort used painkillers (53.1%) compared to 119 women born between 1952 and 1954 (40.1%), p<0.004. When comparing men and women with pain born between 1941 and 1942, men with moderate pain use more alcohol, 157 g/month (q1 10, q3 365) than women, 44 g/month (q1 0, q3 134), p<0.001. Men with severe pain also use more alcohol, 96 g/month (q1 17, q3 324) than women, 27 g/month (q1 0, q1 118), p<0.030, and when those with pain were merged into a group, men use more alcohol, 175 g/month (q1 31, q3 356), than women, 68 g/month (q1 1, q3 207), p<0.001. This also applies to the later cohort; men, 132 g/month (q1 22, q3 270), compared to women, 76 g/month (q1 8, q3 182), p<0.001. When merging all pain into one group women use more painkillers both in the 1941-43 cohort, men (39.9%) compared to women (53.1%), p<0.010 and in the 1952-54 cohort, men (18.5%) compared to women (26.6%), p<0.003. Use of analgesics and alcohol is common but the highest percentage is among women born between 1941 and 1943, 45 (48.9%). Conclusions Pain and alcohol use are common among 60 year old women and men. A gender difference is that women use more painkillers. In the 1941-43 cohort almost every second woman with moderate pain who took painkillers also consumed alcohol. Implications It is time to alert prescribers that a large section of the population uses alcohol combined with painkillers. More research is needed to better understand the long-term perspective on health when using both painkillers and alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Sandin Wranker
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sölve Elmståhl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ekström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Torres-Gil FM. The evolution of gerontology and geriatrics in an era of a politics of aging. Gerontol Geriatr Educ 2017; 38:438-442. [PMID: 27648865 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2016.1232594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fields of gerontology and geriatrics are facing unprecedented changes, pressures, and opportunities. The 21st century requires that we utilize contemporary approaches to modernizing these disciplines for new populations, new cohorts and new social, economic and political demands. This article draws on the authors professional, academic, and public policy experiences to suggest initiatives and paradigms that can set a road map to both change the last centuries' notions of longevity and social supports to one that accounts for technology, varied cohorts, a public/private sector divide, and the nexus of aging and diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando M Torres-Gil
- a Departments of Social Welfare and Public Policy , UCLA , Los Angeles , California , USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Beneficial mutations are the driving force of adaptive evolution. In asexual populations, the identification of beneficial alleles is confounded by the presence of genetically linked hitchhiker mutations. Parallel evolution experiments enable the recognition of common targets of selection; yet these targets are inherently enriched for genes of large target size and mutations of large effect. A comprehensive study of individual mutations is necessary to create a realistic picture of the evolutionarily significant spectrum of beneficial mutations. Here we use a bulk-segregant approach to identify the beneficial mutations across 11 lineages of experimentally evolved yeast populations. We report that nearly 80% of detected mutations have no discernible effects on fitness and less than 1% are deleterious. We determine the distribution of driver and hitchhiker mutations in 31 mutational cohorts, groups of mutations that arise synchronously from low frequency and track tightly with one another. Surprisingly, we find that one-third of cohorts lack identifiable driver mutations. In addition, we identify intracohort synergistic epistasis between alleles of hsl7 and kel1, which arose together in a low-frequency lineage.
Collapse
|
44
|
Ochomo E, Chahilu M, Cook J, Kinyari T, Bayoh NM, West P, Kamau L, Osangale A, Ombok M, Njagi K, Mathenge E, Muthami L, Subramaniam K, Knox T, Mnavaza A, Donnelly MJ, Kleinschmidt I, Mbogo C. Insecticide-Treated Nets and Protection against Insecticide-Resistant Malaria Vectors in Western Kenya. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:758-764. [PMID: 28418293 PMCID: PMC5403037 DOI: 10.3201/eid2305.161315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance might reduce the efficacy of malaria vector control. In 2013 and 2014, malaria vectors from 50 villages, of varying pyrethroid resistance, in western Kenya were assayed for resistance to deltamethrin. Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLIN) were distributed to households at universal coverage. Children were recruited into 2 cohorts, cleared of malaria-causing parasites, and tested every 2 weeks for reinfection. Infection incidence rates for the 2 cohorts were 2.2 (95% CI 1.9–2.5) infections/person-year and 2.8 (95% CI 2.5–3.0) infections/person-year. LLIN users had lower infection rates than non-LLIN users in both low-resistance (rate ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.42–0.88) and high-resistance (rate ratio 0.55, 95% CI 0.35–0.87) villages (p = 0.63). The association between insecticide resistance and infection incidence was not significant (p = 0.99). Although the incidence of infection was high among net users, LLINs provided significant protection (p = 0.01) against infection with malaria parasite regardless of vector insecticide resistance.
Collapse
|
45
|
Zeng X, Vonk JM, de Jong K, Xu X, Huo X, Boezen HM. No convincing association between genetic markers and respiratory symptoms: results of a GWA study. Respir Res 2017; 18:11. [PMID: 28073367 PMCID: PMC5223330 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory symptoms are associated with accelerated lung function decline, and increased hospitalization and mortality rates in the general population. Although several environmental risk factors for respiratory symptoms are known, knowledge on genetic risk factors is lacking. We aim to identify genetic variants associated with respiratory symptoms by genome-wide association (GWA) analyses. METHODS We conducted the first GWA study on cough, dyspnea and phlegm among 7,976 participants in the LifeLines I cohort and used the LifeLines II cohort (n = 5,260) and the Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen cohort (n = 1,529) for replication. RESULTS We identified 50 SNPs that were assessed for replication. Rs16918212, located in the alpha-2-macroglobulin pseudogene 1 (A2MP1), was associated with cough in both the identification (odds ratio (OR) = 0.72, p = 5.41 × 10-5) and the meta-analyzed replication cohorts (OR = 0.83, p = 0.033). No other significant replicated associations were found. CONCLUSIONS Given that only 1 out of 50 SNPs showed significant replication (i.e. 2%) we conclude that we did not find a convincing association between genetic markers and respiratory symptoms. Since, environmental exposures are important risk factors for respiratory symptoms, the next step is to perform a genome-wide interaction (GWI) study to identify genetic susceptibility loci for respiratory symptoms in interaction with known harmful environmental exposures.
Collapse
Grants
- This study was funded by the Groningen Research Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands. The LifeLines Cohort Study, and generation and management of GWAS genotype data for the LifeLines Cohort Study is supported by the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research NWO (grant 175.010.2007.006), the Economic Structure Enhancing Fund (FES) of the Dutch government, the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports, the Northern Netherlands Collaboration of Provinces (SNN), the Province of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the University of Groningen, Dutch Kidney Foundation and Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation. The Vlagtwedde-Vlaardingen cohort study was supported by the Ministry of Health and Environmental Hygiene of the Netherlands and the Netherlands Asthma Fund (grant 187) and the Netherlands Asthma Fund grant no. 3.2.02.51, the Stichting Astma Bestrijding, BBMRI-NL (Complementiation project), and the European Respiratory Society COPD research award 2011 to H.M. Boezen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Kim de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Xijin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Xia Huo
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - H Marike Boezen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 1 Hanzeplein, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tshuma N, Mosikare O, Yun JA, Alaba OA, Maheedhariah MS, Muloongo K, Nyasulu PS. Acceptability of community-based adherence clubs among health facility staff in South Africa: a qualitative study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2017; 11:1523-1531. [PMID: 28979100 PMCID: PMC5602677 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s116826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient retention in care for HIV/AIDS is a critical challenge for antiretroviral treatment programs. Community-based adherence programs (CBAPs) as compared to health care facility-based adherence programs have been considered as one of the options to provide treatment maintenance support for groups of patients on antiretroviral therapy. Such an approach provides a way of enhancing self-management of the patient's condition. In addition, CBAPs have been implemented to support antiretroviral treatment expansion in resource-limited settings. CBAPs involve 30 patients that are allocated to a group and meet at either a facility or a community venue for less than an hour every 2 or 3 months depending on the supply of medication. Our study aimed to establish perceived challenges in moving adherence clubs from health facilities to communities. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted in 39 clinics in Mpumalanga and Gauteng Provinces in South Africa between December 2015 and January 2016. Purposive sampling method was used to identify nurses, club managers, data capturers, pharmacists and pharmacy assistants who had been involved in facility-based treatment adherence clubs. Key-informant interviews were conducted. Also, semi-structured interviews were used and thematic content analysis was done. RESULTS A total of 53 health care workers, 12 (22.6%) males and 41 (77.4%) females, participated in the study. Most of them 49 (92.5%) indicated that participating in community adherence clubs were a good idea. Reduction in waiting time at the health facilities, in defaulter rate, improvement in adherence to treatment as well as reduction in stigma were some of the perceived benefits. However, security of medication, storage conditions and transportation of the prepacked medication to the distribution sites were the areas of concern. CONCLUSION Health care workers were agreeable to idea of the moving adherence clubs from health facilities to communities. Although some challenges were identified, these could be addressed by the key stakeholders. However, government and nongovernmental organizations need to exercise caution when transitioning to community-based adherence clubs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ndumiso Tshuma
- Community AIDS Response, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Health Sciences, Monash University South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ofentse Mosikare
- Community AIDS Response, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Health Sciences, Monash University South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Olufunke A Alaba
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Meera S Maheedhariah
- Department of Human Behaviour, College of South Nevada and University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keith Muloongo
- Community AIDS Response, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Health Sciences, Monash University South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Peter S Nyasulu
- School of Health Sciences, Monash University South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Global Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Amirav I, Roduta Roberts M, Mussaffi H, Mandelberg A, Roth Y, Abitbul R, Luder A, Blau H, Alkrinawi S, Aviram M, Ben-Ami M, Rotschild M, Bentur L, Shoseyov D, Cohen-Cymberknoh M, Kerem E, Avital A, Springer C, Hevroni A, Dabbah H, Elizur A, Picard E, Goldberg S, Rivlin J, Livnat G, Lavie M, Alias N, Soferman R, Olbrich H, Raidt J, Wallmeier J, Werner C, Loges NT, Omran H. Collecting clinical data in primary ciliary dyskinesia- challenges and opportunities. F1000Res 2016; 5:2031. [PMID: 27781089 PMCID: PMC5022703 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9323.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is under diagnosed and underestimated. Most clinical research has used some form of questionnaires to capture data but none has been critically evaluated particularly with respect to its end-user feasibility and utility. Objective: To critically appraise a clinical data collection questionnaire for PCD used in a large national PCD consortium in order to apply conclusions in future PCD research. Methods: We describe the development, validation and revision process of a clinical questionnaire for PCD and its evaluation during a national clinical PCD study with respect to data collection and analysis, initial completion rates and user feedback. Results: 14 centers participating in the consortium successfully completed the revised version of the questionnaire for 173 patients with various completion rates for various items. While content and internal consistency analysis demonstrated validity, there were methodological deficiencies impacting completion rates and end-user utility. These deficiencies were addressed resulting in a more valid questionnaire. Conclusions: Our experience may be useful for future clinical research in PCD. Based on the feedback collected on the questionnaire through analysis of completion rates, judgmental analysis of the content, and feedback from experts and end users, we suggest a practicable framework for development of similar tools for various future PCD research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel Amirav
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Ziv Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Huda Mussaffi
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Yehudah Roth
- The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Holon, Israel
| | - Revital Abitbul
- Department of Pediatrics, Ziv Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Anthony Luder
- Department of Pediatrics, Ziv Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Hannah Blau
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Marta Ben-Ami
- Department of Pediatrics, Ziv Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | | | - David Shoseyov
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centers, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Eitan Kerem
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centers, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avraham Avital
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centers, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chaim Springer
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centers, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avigdor Hevroni
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centers, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Husein Dabbah
- Galilee Medical Center, Naharia, Bar Ilan Faculty of Medicine, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Elie Picard
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Moran Lavie
- Sheba Medical Center , Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Heike Olbrich
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Johanna Raidt
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Julia Wallmeier
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Claudius Werner
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Niki T Loges
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
According to the cumulative advantage hypothesis, health gaps between socioeconomic groups widen with age. In the United States, studies have supported this hypothesis. Outside this context, evidence remains scarce. The present study tests the cumulative advantage hypothesis in Sweden, a society that contrasts sharply with the United States in terms of policies designed to reduce social disparities in health-related resources. I draw on longitudinal data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey (N = 9,412 person-years), spanning the period between 1991 and 2010. The results show that gaps in self-rated health increase from early to middle adulthood. This applies to differences between educational groups and between occupational classes. In older age, health gaps remain constant. Cross-cohort analyses reveal a rising importance of cumulative advantage between educational groups but not between occupational classes. I conclude that the forces of accumulation prevail even in one of the most egalitarian welfare states.
Collapse
|
50
|
Altman CE, Van Hook J, Hillemeier M. What Does Self-rated Health Mean? Changes and Variations in the Association of Obesity with Objective and Subjective Components Of Self-rated Health. J Health Soc Behav 2016; 57:39-58. [PMID: 26811364 PMCID: PMC5191852 DOI: 10.1177/0022146515626218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There are concerns about the meaning of self-rated health (SRH) and the factors individuals consider. To illustrate how SRH is contextualized, we examine how the obesity-SRH association varies across age, periods, and cohorts. We decompose SRH into subjective and objective components and use a mechanism-based age-period-cohort model approach with four decades (1970s to 2000s) and five birth cohorts of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (N = 26,184). Obese adults rate their health more negatively than non-obese when using overall SRH with little variation by age, period, or cohort. However, when we decomposed SRH into objective and subjective components, the obesity gap widened with increasing age in objective SRH but narrowed in subjective SRH. Additionally, the gap narrowed for more recently born cohorts for objective SRH but widened for subjective SRH. The results provide indirect evidence that the relationship between obesity and SRH is socially patterned according to exposure to information about obesity and the availability of resources to manage it.
Collapse
|