Perceived Parenthood: Cross-Cultural Differences Between Jewish and Arab Emerging Adults

A Qualitative Examination of School Counselors' Experiences of Sextortion Cases of Female Students in Israel

Sextortion (a portmanteau of "sexual" and "extortion") is a relatively new phenomenon of sexual exploitation, which occurs when a person threatens another with the distribution of sexual content on the Internet, to obtain more pictures or videos, money, or have some other demand met. The current study examined how school counselors in Israel perceive the phenomenon of online sextortion. To this end, we conducted a qualitative study based on 20 semi-structured in-depth interviews with school counselors working in middle schools and high schools in Israel, who treated adolescent girls blackmailed over the Internet on sexual grounds. Findings indicate that the school counselors had difficulty in identifying and defining the cases they treated as instances of sextortion, and that in their view the harm was slight. Findings also indicate that school counselors associated the causes of sextortion with the victims and their backgrounds. We found differences between the Arab and secular and national-religious state education in the way Jewish counselors treated the victims and involved additional actors such as the victim's parents and the police. This underscores the importance of providing educational staff with adequate knowledge and tools that are culturally suited to the victims.

Talking About Sexting: Association Between Parental Factors and Quality of Communication About Sexting With Adolescent Children in Jewish and Arab Society in Israel

Sexting (sending and receiving sexual messages online), a legitimate means of communication if there is mutual consent, may put adolescent users at risk. Hence, parents must be able to address their children's sexuality and be capable of mediating the implications of sexting for them. Cultural differences may play a role in this important discourse. The current study sought to identify parental factors that lead to low-quality communication about adolescent sexting in Jewish and Arab societies in Israel. Participants included 427 Israeli parents (Jewish N = 242, 56.7%, Arab N = 185, 43.3%) who answered seven online questionnaires. Results revealed ethnic differences between Arab and Jewish parents with regard to the quality of parent-child communication about sexting. Arab parents tended more toward low-quality communication about sexting than did Jewish parents. Perceived severity of sexting and perceived susceptibility to sexting led to more low-quality communication by Arab than by Jewish parents. Mothers in both societies were better able to mediate sexting and displayed higher parental efficacy than did the fathers. These findings provide useful insights for therapists and parents into the link between parental factors and the quality of communication about sexting with adolescent children.

Childbearing Motivation Questionnaire

O presente artigo objetiva descrever os procedimentos de adaptação e evidências iniciais de validade do Childbearing Motivation Questionnaire (CBQ) para o Brasil. O CBQ está constituído por duas escalas: a primeira avalia as motivações positivas para ter filhos (PCM) e a segunda, as motivações negativas (NCM). A adaptação foi realizada em cinco etapas: 1) tradução do instrumento; 2) síntese das versões traduzidas; 3) avaliação por juízes experts; 4) avaliação pelo público-alvo e 5) tradução reversa. Para a avaliação da estrutura fatorial realizou-se análises fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias em uma amostra de 1894 brasileiros de 18 a 68 anos de 25 estados do Brasil. A escala PCM apresentou uma solução fatorial de segunda ordem similar à proposta pelo autor enquanto a NCM apresentou uma estrutura unifatorial com boas propriedades psicométricas. Os resultados mostram o CBQ como um instrumento válido para a mensuração das motivações para ter filhos na população brasileira.