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Meeuwisse S, Elliott SJ, Bennett A, Kapoor V. Water fetching and musculoskeletal health across the life-course in Sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003630. [PMID: 39226244 PMCID: PMC11371245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The world is experiencing a global water crisis and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is expected to be a hotspot for increasing global water scarcity in years to come. Water is quintessentially a gendered issue; indeed, sociocultural norms hold women responsible for household water collection, requiring them to travel far distances while carrying water. This paper reports the findings of a scoping review of peer-reviewed and grey literature that examines the relationship between water fetching and the musculoskeletal (MSK) health of women in SSA. The work is informed by a gendered life-course perspective, and the authors follow the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Results indicate a bidirectional relationship between water fetching and poor MSK health as chronic and acute incidences of water carrying are highly related to MSK pain and dysfunction. This has negative implications for the overall health and wellbeing of women and their households. Gaps in the literature are identified, including the experiences of elderly people and people with various vulnerabilities. Recommendations from the literature are compiled to outline potential avenues of future research and innovation to better support the MSK health of water fetchers in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren Meeuwisse
- Southern Medical Program, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Susan J. Elliott
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexa Bennett
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Videsh Kapoor
- Department of Family Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Matovu SN, Watt M, Young HM, Nakasujja N, Ellington L. Using Grounded Theory to Develop a Substantive Theory for Grandparent-Caregiving in Uganda: The GRACE Model. J Transcult Nurs 2024; 35:315-324. [PMID: 38801223 DOI: 10.1177/10436596241253862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have focused on developing theories to explain caregiving as performed by grandparents who provide care for their grandchildren in any setting. Theory development that is grounded in the experiences and cultural context of those being studied is needed to inform research, subsequent care, and overall well-being, especially of populations that are understudied. METHODS This manuscript was informed by Constructivist Grounded Theory, semi-structured in-depth and individual interviews. Also, three methodological phases were followed: (a) concurrent data collection and analysis procedures, (b) developing categories and relationships among them, and (c) defining the core category and building the substantive theory. RESULTS The methodological steps involved in generating a substantive theory, the GRAndparent-CarEgiving (GRACE) model, are reported. DISCUSSION Research, and subsequently the well-being and health care of grandparent-caregivers, needs to be informed by culturally congruent theories that are founded in the experiences and cultural context of the individuals being investigated.
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Matovu SN, Ellington L, Watt M, Nakasujja N, Young HM. Grandmothers as Primary Caregivers for Their Grandchildren in Uganda: Challenges Faced and Potential for a Sustainable Livelihood Intervention. Res Gerontol Nurs 2024; 17:43-52. [PMID: 37878598 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20231013-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Global drivers of health, such as poverty, climate change, and public health crises, pose significant impact on many vulnerable groups, such as grandmother-caregivers (GMCs). Engaging community partners in this problem could help in understanding salient issues and devising solutions to alleviate the challenges faced by GMCs. The purpose of the current study was to engage community members in rural Uganda in identifying challenges experienced by GMCs and explore the potential for a sustainable livelihood for this population. We used a community-engaged ethnographic methodology for our qualitative study, which was informed by the Sustainable Livelihood Framework. Themes emerged in two domains: GMC Challenges and Potential for Sustainable Livelihoods and Intervention Recommendations. The challenges experienced by GMCs are multifaceted as are the potential solutions. Our findings have the potential to inform community development interventions that support the livelihoods and well-being of GMCs in Uganda and similar settings. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, 17(1), 43-52.].
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Montgomery L, Misinde C, Komuhangi A, Kawooya AN, Agaba P, McShane CM, Santin O, Apio J, Jenkins C, Githinji F, MacDonald M, Nakaggwa F, Nanyonga RC. Tackling the escalating burden of care in Uganda: a qualitative exploration of the challenges experienced by family carers of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1356. [PMID: 38053176 PMCID: PMC10696811 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family carers face challenges that could significantly affect their health and the health of those they care for. However, these challenges are not well documented in low-income settings, including Uganda. We explored the challenges of caring for someone with chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) in Uganda. METHODS We conducted a qualitative exploratory study at Hospice Africa, Uganda (an urban setting) and Hampton Health Center (a rural setting) in Uganda in February and March 2021. Family carers (n = 44) were recruited using snowball and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, gathering family carer perspectives of (a) their caring role (b) their support needs, and (c) attitudes of the wider community. In total, four focus group discussions and 10 individual interviews were completed. RESULTS The average age of carers was 46 years old. The majority of family care was provided by female relatives, who also experienced intersectional disadvantages relating to economic opportunities and employment. Family carers carried a huge burden of care, experiencing significant challenges that affected their physical health, and material and emotional well-being. These challenges also affected the quality of care of the patients for whom they cared. Carers struggled to provide for the basic needs of the patient including the provision of medication and transport to health facilities. Carers received no formal training and limited support to carry out the caring role. They reported that they had little understanding of the patient's illness, or how best to provide care. CONCLUSIONS As NCDs continue to rise globally, the role of family caregivers is becoming more prominent. The need to support carers is an urgent concern. Family carer needs should be prioritised in policy and resource allocation. The need for a carer's toolkit of resources, and the enhancement of community support, have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Montgomery
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Cyprian Misinde
- Department of Population Studies, School of Statistics and Planning, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alimah Komuhangi
- Institute of Public Health and Management, Clarke International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Angela N Kawooya
- Institute of Public Health and Management, Clarke International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peninah Agaba
- Department of Population Studies, School of Statistics and Planning, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Olinda Santin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Judith Apio
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Clarke International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Florence Githinji
- Quality Assurance Office, Clarke International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mandi MacDonald
- School of Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Florence Nakaggwa
- Institute of Public Health and Management, Clarke International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rose C Nanyonga
- Institute of Public Health and Management, Clarke International University, Kampala, Uganda
- Office of the Vice Chancellor, Clarke International University, Kampala, Uganda
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Jennings EA, Farrell MT, Kobayashi LC. Grandchild Caregiving and Cognitive Health Among Grandparents in Rural South Africa. J Aging Health 2021; 33:661-673. [PMID: 33788664 PMCID: PMC8416744 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211006592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: We investigate how caregiving for grandchildren is associated with cognitive function among rural South Africans, and whether the association differs by gender. We further investigate whether measures of physical activity or social engagement mediate this association. Methods: Data were from interviews with 3668 Black, South African grandparents in the "Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa" study, conducted between 2014 and 2015. Results: We find that caregiving grandparents have better cognitive function than non-caregiving grandparents, and this association does not differ by grandparent gender. Although grandchild caregiving is associated with physical activity and social engagement measures, and some of these measures are associated with cognitive function, we do not find conclusive evidence of mediation. Discussion: Providing care for grandchildren may stimulate cognitive function for both grandmothers and grandfathers. Neither physical activity nor social engagement explains the association between caregiving and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse A. Jennings
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meagan T. Farrell
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay C. Kobayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kalu ME, Ojembe BU, Akinrolie O, Okoh AC, Adandom II, Nwankwo HC, Ajulo MS, Omeje CA, Okeke CO, Uduonu EM, Ezulike JC, Anieto EM, Emofe D, Nwachukwu EC, Ibekaku MC, Obi PC. Setting priorities for ageing research in Africa: A systematic mapping review of 512 studies from sub-Saharan Africa. J Glob Health 2021. [PMID: 34327003 PMCID: PMC8284542 DOI: 10.7189/11.15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2040, the older population's growth rate in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) will be faster than those experienced by developed nations since 1950. In preparation for this growth, the National Institute on Aging commissioned the National Academies' Committee on Population to organize a workshop on advancing aging research in Africa. This meeting provided a platform for discussing some areas requiring improvement in aging research in SSA regions. We believed that conducting a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles to set priorities for aging research in SSA is warranted. Therefore, this article is the first in a Four-Part series that summaries the types and trends of peer-reviewed studies in SSA. Methods This systematic mapping review followed the Search-Appraisal-Synthesis-Analysis Framework. We systematically searched multiple databases from inception till February 2021 and included peer-reviewed articles conducted with/for older adults residing in SSA. Conventional content analysis was employed to categorize studies into subject-related areas. Results We included 512 studies (quantitative = 426, qualitative = 71 and mixed-method = 15). Studies were conducted in 32 countries. Quantitative studies included were observational studies: cross-sectional (n = 250, 59%), longitudinal (n = 126, 30%), and case-control (n = 12, 3%); and experimental studies: pre-post design (n = 4, 1%), randomized control trial (RCT, n = 12, 3%); and not reported (n = 21, 5%). Fifteen qualitative studies did not state their study design; where stated, study design ranged from descriptive (n = 14, 20%), ethnography (n = 12, 17%), grounded theory (n = 7, 10%), narrative (n = 5, 7%), phenomenology (n = 10, 14%), interpretative exploratory (n = 4, 6%), case studies (n = 4, 6%). Of the 15 mixed-method studies, seven did not state their mixed-method design. Where stated, design includes concurrent (n = 1), convergent (n = 1), cross-sectional (n = 3), informative (n = 1), sequential exploratory (n = 1) and retrospective (n = 2). Studies were classified into 30 (for quantitative studies) and seven (for qualitative and mixed-method) subject-related areas. HIV/AIDs-related and non-communicable diseases-related studies were the most predominant subject-related areas. No studies explored the transdisciplinary co-production of interventions. Conclusions There are glaring gaps in ageing research in SSA, especially mixed-methods and RCTs. A large number of studies focused on HIV/AIDs and non-communicable disease-related studies. National and international funding agencies should set up priority funding competitions for transdisciplinary collaborations in ageing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Kalu
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org).,School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Blessing U Ojembe
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org).,Department of Health, Ageing & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Olayinka Akinrolie
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org).,Applied Health Science Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Augustine C Okoh
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
| | - Israel I Adandom
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org).,Physiotherapy Department, Cedacrest Hospitals, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Henrietta C Nwankwo
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org).,Faculty of Health Science, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael S Ajulo
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
| | - Chidinma A Omeje
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org).,Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuebuka O Okeke
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org).,Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Ekezie M Uduonu
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org).,Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Juliet C Ezulike
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org).,Department of Social Work, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ebuka M Anieto
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org).,Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Diameta Emofe
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org).,Physiotherapy Department, Humanity Hospital Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Ernest C Nwachukwu
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org).,Physiotherapy Department, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital-Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Michael C Ibekaku
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org).,Department of Physiotherapy, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin city, Nigeria
| | - Perpetual C Obi
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing - African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org).,Physiotherapy Unit, Peak Wellness Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
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Kalu ME, Ojembe BU, Akinrolie O, Okoh AC, Adandom II, Nwankwo HC, Ajulo MS, Omeje CA, Okeke CO, Uduonu EM, Ezulike JC, Anieto EM, Emofe D, Nwachukwu EC, Ibekaku MC, Obi PC. Setting priorities for ageing research in Africa: A systematic mapping review of 512 studies from sub-Saharan Africa. J Glob Health 2021; 11:15002. [PMID: 34327003 PMCID: PMC8284542 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.15002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2040, the older population's growth rate in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) will be faster than those experienced by developed nations since 1950. In preparation for this growth, the National Institute on Aging commissioned the National Academies' Committee on Population to organize a workshop on advancing aging research in Africa. This meeting provided a platform for discussing some areas requiring improvement in aging research in SSA regions. We believed that conducting a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles to set priorities for aging research in SSA is warranted. Therefore, this article is the first in a Four-Part series that summaries the types and trends of peer-reviewed studies in SSA. METHODS This systematic mapping review followed the Search-Appraisal-Synthesis-Analysis Framework. We systematically searched multiple databases from inception till February 2021 and included peer-reviewed articles conducted with/for older adults residing in SSA. Conventional content analysis was employed to categorize studies into subject-related areas. RESULTS We included 512 studies (quantitative = 426, qualitative = 71 and mixed-method = 15). Studies were conducted in 32 countries. Quantitative studies included were observational studies: cross-sectional (n = 250, 59%), longitudinal (n = 126, 30%), and case-control (n = 12, 3%); and experimental studies: pre-post design (n = 4, 1%), randomized control trial (RCT, n = 12, 3%); and not reported (n = 21, 5%). Fifteen qualitative studies did not state their study design; where stated, study design ranged from descriptive (n = 14, 20%), ethnography (n = 12, 17%), grounded theory (n = 7, 10%), narrative (n = 5, 7%), phenomenology (n = 10, 14%), interpretative exploratory (n = 4, 6%), case studies (n = 4, 6%). Of the 15 mixed-method studies, seven did not state their mixed-method design. Where stated, design includes concurrent (n = 1), convergent (n = 1), cross-sectional (n = 3), informative (n = 1), sequential exploratory (n = 1) and retrospective (n = 2). Studies were classified into 30 (for quantitative studies) and seven (for qualitative and mixed-method) subject-related areas. HIV/AIDs-related and non-communicable diseases-related studies were the most predominant subject-related areas. No studies explored the transdisciplinary co-production of interventions. CONCLUSIONS There are glaring gaps in ageing research in SSA, especially mixed-methods and RCTs. A large number of studies focused on HIV/AIDs and non-communicable disease-related studies. National and international funding agencies should set up priority funding competitions for transdisciplinary collaborations in ageing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Kalu
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Blessing U Ojembe
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
- Department of Health, Ageing & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Olayinka Akinrolie
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
- Applied Health Science Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Augustine C Okoh
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
| | - Israel I Adandom
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
- Physiotherapy Department, Cedacrest Hospitals, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Henrietta C Nwankwo
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael S Ajulo
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
| | - Chidinma A Omeje
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuebuka O Okeke
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Ekezie M Uduonu
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Juliet C Ezulike
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
- Department of Social Work, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ebuka M Anieto
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Diameta Emofe
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
- Physiotherapy Department, Humanity Hospital Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Ernest C Nwachukwu
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
- Physiotherapy Department, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital-Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Michael C Ibekaku
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin city, Nigeria
| | - Perpetual C Obi
- Emerging Researchers & Professionals in Ageing – African Network, Nigeria (www.erpaan.org)
- Physiotherapy Unit, Peak Wellness Centre, Abuja, Nigeria
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Teerawichitchainan B, Low TQY. The situation and well-being of custodial grandparents in Myanmar: Impacts of adult children's cross-border and internal migration. Soc Sci Med 2021; 277:113914. [PMID: 33892416 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Custodial care for grandchildren left behind by migrant parents is an important contribution made by grandparents for their families and societies, given rising migration flows and increasing prominence of skipped-generation households in low- and middle-income countries. Yet, little is known about the scope and consequences of custodial grandparenting in developing settings. Analyzing unique data from the 2017 Myanmar Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren Survey, this study examines the extent to which the middle generation's cross-border and internal migration are associated with caregiving intensity, perception towards grandchild care, and psychological well-being among grandparents. Results suggest limited negative impacts of the middle generation's migration on the situation and well-being of grandparent caregivers. Custodial grandparents, particularly those caring for children of cross-border migrant mothers, experience heightened caregiving responsibilities and perceived difficulties in grandchild care. Nevertheless, all else equal, the middle generation's migration is not significantly associated with grandparents' psychological well-being. Remittances from migrant children and care support from non-coresident family members are found to reduce grandparents' caregiving intensity, improve caregiving perception, and lower psychological distress. In sum, findings echo Myanmar's widespread norms of grandchild care provision by grandparents and underscore mutual interdependence across generations, as evidenced in the importance of remittances from migrant children and informal care support networks in determining the well-being of Myanmar grandparents. This study extends current theoretical perspectives that emphasize custodial grandparenting either as a response to family crises or as a household strategy to facilitate middle-generation migration. Instead, our evidence suggests that, when conceptualizing custodial grandparenting practices in developing settings, it is instructive to consider not only opportunities but also challenges and ambivalent situations associated with the middle generation's diverse migration patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bussarawan Teerawichitchainan
- Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Family and Population Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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