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Bystrov VS, Paramonova EV, Avakyan LA, Eremina NV, Makarova SV, Bulina NV. Effect of Magnesium Substitution on Structural Features and Properties of Hydroxyapatite. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5945. [PMID: 37687640 PMCID: PMC10488744 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is the main mineral component of bones and teeth. It is widely used in medicine as a bone filler and coating for implants to promote new bone growth. Ion substitutions into the HAP structure highly affect its properties. One of the most important substituents is magnesium. This paper presents new results obtained using high-precision hybrid density functional theory calculations for Mg/Ca substitutions in HAP in a wide magnesium concentration range within a 2 × 2 × 2 supercell model. Experimental data on the mechanochemical synthesis of HAP-Mg samples with different Mg concentrations are also presented. A comparison between the experiment and the theory showed good agreement: the HAP-Mg unit cell parameters and volume decreased with increasing degree of Mg/Ca substitution. The changes in the distances between the Ca and O, Ca and H, and Mg and O ions upon Mg/Ca substitution in different calcium positions was analyzed. The resulting asymmetry and distortion of the cell parameters were evaluated. It was shown that bulk modulus, energy levels, and band gap depend on the degree of Mg substitutions in the Ca1 and Ca2 positions. The formation energies of Mg/Ca substitutions showed non-monotonic behavior that was different for Ca1 and Ca2 positions. The Ca2 position had a slightly higher probability (~5 meV/f.u.) of substitution than Ca1 position at a Mg concentration x = 0.5. At x = 1, substitution in both positions can coexist. The simulated IR spectra for different Mg/Ca substitutions showed that Mg in the Ca2 position changes the IR spectrum more significantly than Mg in the Ca1 position. Similar changes were recorded in the IR spectra of the synthesized samples. The electronic structure is shown to be sensitive to the number and position of substitutions, which may be used to tweak the optical properties of the HAP-Mg material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S. Bystrov
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology—Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina V. Paramonova
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology—Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Leon A. Avakyan
- Physics Faculty, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Natalya V. Eremina
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.V.E.); (S.V.M.); (N.V.B.)
| | - Svetlana V. Makarova
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.V.E.); (S.V.M.); (N.V.B.)
| | - Natalia V. Bulina
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.V.E.); (S.V.M.); (N.V.B.)
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Kylmäoja E, Abushahba F, Holopainen J, Ritala M, Tuukkanen J. Monocyte Differentiation on Atomic Layer-Deposited (ALD) Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium Substrate. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083611. [PMID: 37110845 PMCID: PMC10143381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) coating of bone implants has many beneficial properties as it improves osseointegration and eventually becomes degraded and replaced with new bone. We prepared HA coating on a titanium substrate with atomic layer deposition (ALD) and compared monocyte differentiation and material resorption between ALD-HA and bone. After stimulation with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), human peripheral blood monocytes differentiated into resorbing osteoclasts on bovine bone, but non-resorbing foreign body cells were observed on ALD-HA. The analysis of the topography of ALD-HA and bone showed no differences in wettability (water contact angle on ALD-HA 86.2° vs. 86.7° on the bone), but the surface roughness of ALD-HA (Ra 0.713 µm) was significantly lower compared to bone (Ra 2.30 µm). The cellular reaction observed on ALD-HA might be a consequence of the topographical properties of the coating. The absence of resorptive osteoclasts on ALD-HA might indicate inhibition of their differentiation or the need to modify the coating to induce osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Kylmäoja
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Faleh Abushahba
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jani Holopainen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Ritala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Kylmäoja E, Holopainen J, Abushahba F, Ritala M, Tuukkanen J. Osteoblast Attachment on Titanium Coated with Hydroxyapatite by Atomic Layer Deposition. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050654. [PMID: 35625580 PMCID: PMC9138598 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The increasing demand for bone implants with improved osseointegration properties has prompted researchers to develop various coating types for metal implants. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a method for producing nanoscale coatings conformally on complex three-dimensional surfaces. We have prepared hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on titanium (Ti) substrate with the ALD method and analyzed the biocompatibility of this coating in terms of cell adhesion and viability. Methods: HA coatings were prepared on Ti substrates by depositing CaCO3 films by ALD and converting them to HA by wet treatment in dilute phosphate solution. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were cultured on ALD-HA, glass slides and bovine bone slices. ALD-HA and glass slides were either coated or non-coated with fibronectin. After 48h culture, cells were imaged with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analyzed by vinculin antibody staining for focal adhesion localization. An 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was performed to study cell viability. Results: Vinculin staining revealed similar focal adhesion-like structures on ALD-HA as on glass slides and bone, albeit on ALD-HA and bone the structures were thinner compared to glass slides. This might be due to thin and broad focal adhesions on complex three-dimensional surfaces of ALD-HA and bone. The MTT test showed comparable cell viability on ALD-HA, glass slides and bone. Conclusion: ALD-HA coating was shown to be biocompatible in regard to cell adhesion and viability. This leads to new opportunities in developing improved implant coatings for better osseointegration and implant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Kylmäoja
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jani Holopainen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (J.H.); (M.R.)
| | - Faleh Abushahba
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Mikko Ritala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (J.H.); (M.R.)
| | - Juha Tuukkanen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
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Sosnov EA, Malkov AA, Malygin AA. Nanotechnology of Molecular Layering in Production of Inorganic and Hybrid Materials for Various Functional Purposes: II. Molecular Layering Technology and Prospects for Its Commercialization and Development in the XXI Century. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427221090020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The Calcium Phosphate Modified Titanium Implant Combined With Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment Promotes Implant Stabilization in an Osteoporotic Model. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32:603-608. [PMID: 33704991 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Osteoporosis as a kind of systemic bone metabolic disease has become one of the most prevalent diseases among the middle- and old-age, characterized with low bone mass and disruptive osseous microenvironment. The poor bone condition both in quantity and quality makes it daunting for osteoporotic patients who are submitted to dental implantation, joint replacement therapy, or orthopedic surgery. Since calcium phosphate (CaP) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment, all have improving the effect on bone regeneration. Inspired by this fact, the authors introduced a kind of novel implant with CaP modified surface by HPT (hydrothermal & pressure) treatment in this study. After producing, the authors tested its physicochemical properties through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and contact-angle measurement. Then the authors desired to investigate the effect of this CaP-modified implant on bone regeneration and stabilization maintenance combined with PRP treatment by establishing an osteoporotic rat model. After 3 months of surgery, the authors collected all the specimens and evaluated new bone formation by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, biomechanical test, and histologic assessment. All the results in vivo experiment showed the CaP modified implant combined with PRP treatment could improve the osteoinductive effect under osteoporotic condition, leading to better maintenance for stabilization between bone and implant interface, which might be rendered as a promising clinical method for osteoporotic patients when they receive orthopedic surgeries.
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Rashid S, Sebastiani M, Mughal MZ, Daniel R, Bemporad E. Influence of the Silver Content on Mechanical Properties of Ti-Cu-Ag Thin Films. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020435. [PMID: 33572136 PMCID: PMC7915568 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the ternary titanium, copper, and silver (Ti-Cu-Ag) system is investigated as a potential candidate for the production of mechanically robust biomedical thin films. The coatings are produced by physical vapor deposition—magnetron sputtering (MS-PVD). The composite thin films are deposited on a silicon (100) substrate. The ratio between Ti and Cu was approximately kept one, with the variation of the Ag content between 10 and 35 at.%, while the power on the targets is changed during each deposition to get the desired Ag content. Thin film characterization is performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nanoindentation (modulus and hardness), to quantitatively evaluate the scratch adhesion, and atomic force microscopy to determine the surface topography. The residual stresses are measured by focused ion beam and digital image correlation method (FIB-DIC). The produced Ti-Cu-Ag thin films appear to be smooth, uniformly thick, and exhibit amorphous structure for the Ag contents lower than 25 at.%, with a transition to partially crystalline structure for higher Ag concentrations. The Ti-Cu control film shows higher values of 124.5 GPa and 7.85 GPa for modulus and hardness, respectively. There is a clear trend of continuous decrease in the modulus and hardness with the increase of Ag content, as lowest value of 105.5 GPa and 6 GPa for 35 at.% Ag containing thin films. In particular, a transition from the compressive (−36.5 MPa) to tensile residual stresses between 229 MPa and 288 MPa are observed with an increasing Ag content. The obtained results suggest that the Ag concentration should not exceed 25 at.%, in order to avoid an excessive reduction of the modulus and hardness with maintaining (at the same time) the potential for an increase of the antibacterial properties. In summary, Ti-Cu-Ag thin films shows characteristic mechanical properties that can be used to improve the properties of biomedical implants such as Ti-alloys and stainless steel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Rashid
- Engineering Department, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (M.Z.M.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Sebastiani
- Engineering Department, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (M.Z.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Mughal
- Engineering Department, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (M.Z.M.); (E.B.)
- School of Engineering & Innovation, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Rostislav Daniel
- Department of Materials Science, University of Leoben, Franz-Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria;
| | - Edoardo Bemporad
- Engineering Department, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (M.Z.M.); (E.B.)
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Native Osseous CaP Biomineral Coating on a Biomimetic Multi-Spiked Connecting Scaffold Prototype for Cementless Resurfacing Arthroplasty Achieved by Combined Electrochemical Deposition. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12233994. [PMID: 31810185 PMCID: PMC6927003 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The multi-spiked connecting scaffold (MSC-Scaffold) prototype with spikes mimicking the interdigitations of articular subchondral bone is an essential innovation in surgically initiated fixation of resurfacing arthroplasty (RA) endoprosthesis components. This paper aimed to present a determination of the suitable range of conditions for the calcium phosphate (CaP) potentiostatic electrochemical deposition (ECDV=const) on the MSC-Scaffold prototype spikes to achieve a biomineral coating with a native Ca/P ratio. The CaP ECDV=const process on the MSC-Scaffold Ti4Al6V pre-prototypes was investigated for potential VECDfrom −9 to −3 V, and followed by 48 h immersion in a simulated body fluid. An acid–alkaline pretreatment (AAT) was applied for a portion of the pre-prototypes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of deposited coatings together with coatings weight measurements were performed. Themost suitable VECD range, from −5.25 to −4.75 V, was determined as the native biomineral Ca/P ratio of coatings was achieved. AAT increases the weight of deposited coatings (44% for VECD = −5.25 V, 9% for VECD = −5.00 V and 15% for VECD = −4.75 V) and the coverage degree of the lateral spike surfaces (40% for VECD = −5.25 V, 14% for VECD = −5.00 V and 100% for VECD = −4.75 V). XRD confirmed that the multiphasic CaP coating containing crystalline octacalcium phosphate is produced on the lateral surface of the spikes of the MSC-Scaffold. ECDV=const preceded by AAT prevents micro-cracks on the bone-contacting surfaces of the MSC-Scaffold prototype, increases its spikes’ lateral surface coverage, and results in the best modification effect at VECD = −5.00 V. To conclude, the biomimetic MSC-Scaffold prototype with desired biomineral coating of native Ca/P ratio was obtained for cementless RA endoprostheses.
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Radtke A, Ehlert M, Jędrzejewski T, Sadowska B, Więckowska-Szakiel M, Holopainen J, Ritala M, Leskelä M, Bartmański M, Szkodo M, Piszczek P. Titania Nanotubes/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites Produced with the Use of the Atomic Layer Deposition Technique: Estimation of Bioactivity and Nanomechanical Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9010123. [PMID: 30669454 PMCID: PMC6359504 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanotubes/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites were produced on a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V/TNT/HA) and studied as a biocompatible coating for an implant surface modification. As a novel approach for this type of nanocomposite fabrication, the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method with an extremely low number of cycles was used to enrich titania nanotubes (TNT) with a very thin hydroxyapatite coating. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for determination of the structure and the surface morphology of the fabricated nanocoatings. The biointegration activity of the layers was estimated based on fibroblasts’ proliferation on the TNT/HA surface. The antibacterial activity was determined by analyzing the ability of the layers to inhibit bacterial colonization and biofilm formation. Mechanical properties of the Ti6Al4V/TNT/HA samples were estimated by measuring the hardness, Young’s module, and susceptibility to scratching. The results revealed that the nanoporous titanium alloy coatings enriched with a very thin hydroxyapatite layer may be a promising way to achieve the desired balance between biofunctional and biomechanical properties of modern implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Radtke
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
- Nano-implant Ltd. Gagarina 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Michalina Ehlert
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
- Nano-implant Ltd. Gagarina 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Beata Sadowska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Marzena Więckowska-Szakiel
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Jani Holopainen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mikko Ritala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Markku Leskelä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Michał Bartmański
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marek Szkodo
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Piszczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
- Nano-implant Ltd. Gagarina 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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Tite T, Popa AC, Balescu LM, Bogdan IM, Pasuk I, Ferreira JMF, Stan GE. Cationic Substitutions in Hydroxyapatite: Current Status of the Derived Biofunctional Effects and Their In Vitro Interrogation Methods. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2081. [PMID: 30355975 PMCID: PMC6266948 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-performance bioceramics are required for preventing failure and prolonging the life-time of bone grafting scaffolds and osseous implants. The proper identification and development of materials with extended functionalities addressing socio-economic needs and health problems constitute important and critical steps at the heart of clinical research. Recent findings in the realm of ion-substituted hydroxyapatite (HA) could pave the road towards significant developments in biomedicine, with an emphasis on a new generation of orthopaedic and dentistry applications, since such bioceramics are able to mimic the structural, compositional and mechanical properties of the bone mineral phase. In fact, the fascinating ability of the HA crystalline lattice to allow for the substitution of calcium ions with a plethora of cationic species has been widely explored in the recent period, with consequent modifications of its physical and chemical features, as well as its functional mechanical and in vitro and in vivo biological performance. A comprehensive inventory of the progresses achieved so far is both opportune and of paramount importance, in order to not only gather and summarize information, but to also allow fellow researchers to compare with ease and filter the best solutions for the cation substitution of HA-based materials and enable the development of multi-functional biomedical designs. The review surveys preparation and synthesis methods, pinpoints all the explored cation dopants, and discloses the full application range of substituted HA. Special attention is dedicated to the antimicrobial efficiency spectrum and cytotoxic trade-off concentration values for various cell lines, highlighting new prophylactic routes for the prevention of implant failure. Importantly, the current in vitro biological tests (widely employed to unveil the biological performance of HA-based materials), and their ability to mimic the in vivo biological interactions, are also critically assessed. Future perspectives are discussed, and a series of recommendations are underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Tite
- National Institute of Materials Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania.
| | - Adrian-Claudiu Popa
- National Institute of Materials Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania.
- Army Centre for Medical Research, RO-010195 Bucharest, Romania.
| | | | | | - Iuliana Pasuk
- National Institute of Materials Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania.
| | - José M F Ferreira
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - George E Stan
- National Institute of Materials Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania.
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