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Caffrey M, Jayakumar N, Caffrey V, Anirudhan V, Rong L, Paprotny I. VLP-based model for the study of airborne viral pathogens. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0001324. [PMID: 38752752 PMCID: PMC11237701 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00013-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the danger of airborne viral pathogens. The lack of model systems to study airborne pathogens limits the understanding of airborne pathogen distribution as well as potential surveillance and mitigation strategies. In this work, we develop a novel model system to study airborne pathogens using virus-like particles (VLPs). Specifically, we demonstrate the ability to aerosolize VLP and detect and quantify aerosolized VLP RNA by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification in real-time fluorescent and colorimetric assays. Importantly, the VLP model presents many advantages for the study of airborne viral pathogens: (i) similarity in size and surface components; (ii) ease of generation and noninfectious nature enabling the study of biosafety level 3 and biosafety level 4 viruses; (iii) facile characterization of aerosolization parameters; (iv) ability to adapt the system to other viral envelope proteins, including those of newly discovered pathogens and mutant variants; and (v) the ability to introduce viral sequences to develop nucleic acid amplification assays. IMPORTANCE The study and detection of airborne pathogens are hampered by the lack of appropriate model systems. In this work, we demonstrate that noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs) represent attractive models to study airborne viral pathogens. Specifically, VLPs are readily prepared, are similar in size and composition to infectious viruses, and are amenable to highly sensitive nucleic acid amplification techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nitin Jayakumar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Veronique Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Varada Anirudhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Igor Paprotny
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Haselhorst T. Studying the interaction of glycans with intact virions and virus-like particles by ligand-observed NMR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:337-344. [PMID: 37776196 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Virus-glycan interactions play a crucial role in the infection process of many viruses. NMR spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for studying these interactions at the molecular level. In this article, we review several published papers and reports that have highlighted the application of NMR spectroscopy in understanding the complex questions of how viruses engage with and bind to receptor glycans. The use of saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy has demonstrated itself as highly advantageous in investigating the interaction between glycans and intact virions or virus-like particles (VLPs). The broad NMR signal linewidth of virions and VLPs allows efficient saturation without affecting the glycan signals. The advantage of this approach is that the viral capsid environment in protein organization and function is not ignored and therefore provides a more biologically relevant model for exploring the interactions between the virus and the host cell glycans. We will review some examples of using NMR spectroscopy to study influenza cell tropism, rotaviruses, and noroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics & School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Caffrey M, Jayakumar N, Caffrey V, Anirudan V, Rong L, Paprotny I. VLP-Based Model for Study of Airborne Viral Pathogens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.574055. [PMID: 38260552 PMCID: PMC10802359 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the danger of airborne viral pathogens. The lack of model systems to study airborne pathogens limits the understanding of airborne pathogen distribution, as well as potential surveillance and mitigation strategies. In this work, we develop a novel model system to study airborne pathogens using virus like particles (VLP). Specifically, we demonstrate the ability to aerosolize VLP and detect and quantify aerosolized VLP RNA by Reverse Transcription-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) in real-time fluorescent and colorimetric assays. Importantly, the VLP model presents many advantages for the study of airborne viral pathogens: (i) similarity in size and surface components; (ii) ease of generation and noninfectious nature enabling study of BSL3 and BSL4 viruses; (iii) facile characterization of aerosolization parameters; (iv) ability to adapt the system to other viral envelope proteins including those of newly discovered pathogens and mutant variants; (v) the ability to introduce viral sequences to develop nucleic acid amplification assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Nitin Jayakumar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Veronique Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Varada Anirudan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Igor Paprotny
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
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4
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Theillet FX, Luchinat E. In-cell NMR: Why and how? PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 132-133:1-112. [PMID: 36496255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy has been applied to cells and tissues analysis since its beginnings, as early as 1950. We have attempted to gather here in a didactic fashion the broad diversity of data and ideas that emerged from NMR investigations on living cells. Covering a large proportion of the periodic table, NMR spectroscopy permits scrutiny of a great variety of atomic nuclei in all living organisms non-invasively. It has thus provided quantitative information on cellular atoms and their chemical environment, dynamics, or interactions. We will show that NMR studies have generated valuable knowledge on a vast array of cellular molecules and events, from water, salts, metabolites, cell walls, proteins, nucleic acids, drugs and drug targets, to pH, redox equilibria and chemical reactions. The characterization of such a multitude of objects at the atomic scale has thus shaped our mental representation of cellular life at multiple levels, together with major techniques like mass-spectrometry or microscopies. NMR studies on cells has accompanied the developments of MRI and metabolomics, and various subfields have flourished, coined with appealing names: fluxomics, foodomics, MRI and MRS (i.e. imaging and localized spectroscopy of living tissues, respectively), whole-cell NMR, on-cell ligand-based NMR, systems NMR, cellular structural biology, in-cell NMR… All these have not grown separately, but rather by reinforcing each other like a braided trunk. Hence, we try here to provide an analytical account of a large ensemble of intricately linked approaches, whose integration has been and will be key to their success. We present extensive overviews, firstly on the various types of information provided by NMR in a cellular environment (the "why", oriented towards a broad readership), and secondly on the employed NMR techniques and setups (the "how", where we discuss the past, current and future methods). Each subsection is constructed as a historical anthology, showing how the intrinsic properties of NMR spectroscopy and its developments structured the accessible knowledge on cellular phenomena. Using this systematic approach, we sought i) to make this review accessible to the broadest audience and ii) to highlight some early techniques that may find renewed interest. Finally, we present a brief discussion on what may be potential and desirable developments in the context of integrative studies in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Theillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Enrico Luchinat
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; CERM - Magnetic Resonance Center, and Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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5
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Abstract
In-cell structural biology aims at extracting structural information about proteins or nucleic acids in their native, cellular environment. This emerging field holds great promise and is already providing new facts and outlooks of interest at both fundamental and applied levels. NMR spectroscopy has important contributions on this stage: It brings information on a broad variety of nuclei at the atomic scale, which ensures its great versatility and uniqueness. Here, we detail the methods, the fundamental knowledge, and the applications in biomedical engineering related to in-cell structural biology by NMR. We finally propose a brief overview of the main other techniques in the field (EPR, smFRET, cryo-ET, etc.) to draw some advisable developments for in-cell NMR. In the era of large-scale screenings and deep learning, both accurate and qualitative experimental evidence are as essential as ever to understand the interior life of cells. In-cell structural biology by NMR spectroscopy can generate such a knowledge, and it does so at the atomic scale. This review is meant to deliver comprehensive but accessible information, with advanced technical details and reflections on the methods, the nature of the results, and the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Xavier Theillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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6
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Hussein AFA, Cheng H, Tundup S, Antanasijevic A, Varhegyi E, Perez J, AbdulRahman EM, Elenany MG, Helal S, Caffrey M, Peet N, Manicassamy B, Rong L. Identification of entry inhibitors with 4-aminopiperidine scaffold targeting group 1 influenza A virus. Antiviral Res 2020; 177:104782. [PMID: 32222293 PMCID: PMC7243365 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause seasonal flu and occasionally pandemics. The current therapeutics against IAVs target two viral proteins - neuraminidase (NA) and M2 ion-channel protein. However, M2 ion channel inhibitors (amantadine and rimantadine) are no longer recommended by CDC for use due to the emergence of high level of antiviral resistance among the circulating influenza viruses, and resistant strains to NA inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir) have also been reported. Therefore, development of novel anti-influenza therapies is urgently needed. As one of the viral surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) mediates critical virus entry steps including virus binding to host cells and virus-host membrane fusion, which makes it a potential target for anti-influenza drug development. In this study, we report the identification of compound CBS1116 with a 4-aminopiperidine scaffold from a chemical library screen as an entry inhibitor specifically targeting two group 1 influenza A viruses, A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and recombinant low pathogenic avian H5N1 virus (A/Vietnam/1203/04, VN04Low). Mechanism of action studies show that CBS1116 interferes with the HA-mediated fusion process. Further structure activity relationship study generated a more potent compound CBS1117 which has a 50% inhibitory concentration of 70 nM and a selectivity index of ~4000 against A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) infection in human lung epithelial cell line (A549).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira F A Hussein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Smanla Tundup
- Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Elizabeth Varhegyi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jasmine Perez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eiman M AbdulRahman
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mervat G Elenany
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soheir Helal
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michael Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Norton Peet
- Chicago BioSolutions, Inc., 2242 West Harrison Suite 201, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Balaji Manicassamy
- Howard Taylor Ricketts Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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7
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Raingeval C, Cala O, Brion B, Le Borgne M, Hubbard RE, Krimm I. 1D NMR WaterLOGSY as an efficient method for fragment-based lead discovery. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1218-1225. [PMID: 31286785 PMCID: PMC6691826 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1636235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
WaterLOGSY is a sensitive ligand-observed NMR experiment for detection of interaction between a ligand and a protein and is now well-established as a screening technique for fragment-based lead discovery. Here we develop and assess a protocol to derive ligand epitope mapping from WaterLOGSY data and demonstrate its general applicability in studies of fragment-sized ligands binding to six different proteins (glycogen phosphorylase, protein peroxiredoxin 5, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, HSP90, and human serum albumin). We compare the WaterLOGSY results to those obtained from the more widely used saturation transfer difference experiments and to the 3D structures of the complexes when available. In addition, we evaluate the impact of ligand labile protons on the WaterLOGSY data. Our results demonstrate that the WaterLOGSY experiment can be used as an additional confirmation of the binding mode of a ligand to a protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Raingeval
- a Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, CRMN FRE 2034 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - Olivier Cala
- a Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, CRMN FRE 2034 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - Béatrice Brion
- a Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, CRMN FRE 2034 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - Marc Le Borgne
- b Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453 - INSERM US7 , Lyon , France
| | - Roderick Eliot Hubbard
- c YSBL, University of York , Heslington , York , UK.,d Vernalis (R&D) Ltd, Granta Park, Abington , Cambridge , UK
| | - Isabelle Krimm
- a Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS Lyon, CRMN FRE 2034 , Villeurbanne , France
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8
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Identifying small molecule probes of ENTPD5 through high throughput screening. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210305. [PMID: 31242188 PMCID: PMC6594577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase 5 (ENTPD5) has been shown to be important in maintaining cellular function in cancer, and its expression is upregulated through multiple, unique pathways in certain cancers, including laryngeal, glioblastoma multiforme, breast, testicular, and prostate. ENTPD5 supports cancer growth by promoting the import of UDP-glucose, a metabolite used for protein glycosylation and hence proper glycoprotein folding, into the ER by providing the counter molecule, UMP, to the ER antiporter. Despite its cancer-supporting function, no small molecule inhibitors of ENTPD5 are commercially available, and few studies have been performed in tissue culture to understand the effects of chemical inhibition of ENTPD5. We performed a high-throughput screen (HTS) of 21,120 compounds to identify small molecule inhibitors of ENPTD5 activity. Two hits were identified, and we performed a structure activity relationship (SAR) screen around these hits. Further validation of these probes were done in an orthogonal assay and then assayed in cell culture to assess their effect on prostate cancer cell lines. Notably, treatment with the novel ENTPD5 inhibitor reduced the amount of glycoprotein produced in treated cells, consistent with the hypothesis that ENTPD5 is important for glycoprotein folding. This work serves as an important step in designing new molecular probes for ENTPD5 as well as further probing the utility of targeting ENTPD5 to combat cancer cell proliferation.
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9
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Leiva R, Barniol-Xicota M, Codony S, Ginex T, Vanderlinden E, Montes M, Caffrey M, Luque FJ, Naesens L, Vázquez S. Aniline-Based Inhibitors of Influenza H1N1 Virus Acting on Hemagglutinin-Mediated Fusion. J Med Chem 2017; 61:98-118. [PMID: 29220568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two series of easily accessible anilines were identified as inhibitors of influenza A virus subtype H1N1, and extensive chemical synthesis and analysis of the structure-activity relationship were performed. The compounds were shown to interfere with low pH-induced membrane fusion mediated by the H1 and H5 (group 1) hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes. A combination of virus resistance, HA interaction, and molecular dynamics simulation studies elucidated the binding site of these aniline-based influenza fusion inhibitors, which significantly overlaps with the pocket occupied by some H3 HA-specific inhibitors, indicating the high relevance of this cavity for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Leiva
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Marta Barniol-Xicota
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Sandra Codony
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Tiziana Ginex
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Santa Coloma de Gramanet E-08921, Spain
| | | | - Marta Montes
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Michael Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago , 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Prat de la Riba 171, Santa Coloma de Gramanet E-08921, Spain
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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10
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Kingsley CN, Antanasijevic A, Palka-Hamblin H, Durst M, Ramirez B, Lavie A, Caffrey M. Probing the metastable state of influenza hemagglutinin. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21590-21597. [PMID: 29127198 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.815043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral entry into host cells is mediated by membrane proteins in a metastable state that transition to a more stable state upon a stimulus. For example, in the influenza envelope protein hemagglutinin (HA), the low pH in the endosome triggers a transition from the metastable prefusion conformation to the stable fusion conformation. To identify probes that interfere with HA function, here we screened a library of H7 HA peptides for inhibition of H7 HA-mediated entry. We discovered a peptide, PEP87 (WSYNAELLVAMENQHTI), that inhibited H7 and H5 HA-mediated entry. PEP87 corresponds to a highly conserved helical region of the HA2 subunit of HA that self-interacts in the neutral pH conformation. Mutagenesis experiments indicated that PEP87 binds to its native region in the HA trimer. We also found that PEP87 is unstructured in isolation but tends to form a helix as evidenced by CD and NMR studies. Fluorescence, chemical cross-linking, and saturation transfer difference NMR data suggested that PEP87 binds to the neutral pH conformation of HA and disrupts the HA structure without affecting its oligomerization state. Together, this work provides support for a model in which PEP87 disrupts HA function by displacing native interactions of the neutral pH conformation. Moreover, our observations indicate that the HA prefusion structure (and perhaps the metastable states of other viral entry proteins) is more dynamic with transient motions being larger than generally appreciated. These findings also suggest that the ensemble of prefusion structures presents many potential sites for targeting in therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn N Kingsley
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Helena Palka-Hamblin
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Matthew Durst
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Benjamin Ramirez
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Arnon Lavie
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Michael Caffrey
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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11
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Vasile F, Gubinelli F, Panigada M, Soprana E, Siccardi A, Potenza D. NMR interaction studies of Neu5Ac-α-(2,6)-Gal-β-(1-4)-GlcNAc with influenza-virus hemagglutinin expressed in transfected human cells. Glycobiology 2017; 28:42-49. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vasile
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Gubinelli
- Molecular Immunology Unit, San Raffaele Research Istitute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Maddalena Panigada
- Molecular Immunology Unit, San Raffaele Research Istitute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Soprana
- Molecular Immunology Unit, San Raffaele Research Istitute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Siccardi
- Molecular Immunology Unit, San Raffaele Research Istitute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Potenza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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12
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Basu A, Komazin-Meredith G, McCarthy C, Antanasijevic A, Cardinale SC, Mishra RK, Barnard DL, Caffrey M, Rong L, Bowlin TL. Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Action of Influenza A Virus Fusion Inhibitor MBX2546. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:330-335. [PMID: 28301927 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus envelop protein hemagglutinin (HA) plays important roles in viral entry. We previously have reported that MBX2546, a novel influenza A virus inhibitor, binds to HA and inhibits HA-mediated membrane fusion. In this report, we show that (i) both binding and stabilization of HA by MBX2546 are required for the inhibition of viral infection and (ii) the binding of HA by MBX2546 represses the low-pH-induced conformational change in the HA, which is a prerequisite for membrane fusion. Mutations in MBX2546-resistant influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) viruses are mapped in the HA stem region near the amino terminus of HA2. Finally, we have modeled the binding site of MBX2546 using molecular dynamics and find that the resulting structure is in good agreement with our results. Together, these studies underscore the importance of the HA stem loop region as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Basu
- Microbiotix Inc., One Innovation Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | | | - Courtney McCarthy
- Microbiotix Inc., One Innovation Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Steven C. Cardinale
- Microbiotix Inc., One Innovation Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Rama K. Mishra
- Center for Molecular
Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dale L. Barnard
- Institute
for
Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Michael Caffrey
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Terry L. Bowlin
- Microbiotix Inc., One Innovation Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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Ho TT, Nguyen JT, Liu J, Stanczak P, Thompson AA, Yan YG, Chen J, Allerston CK, Dillard CL, Xu H, Shoger NJ, Cameron JS, Massari ME, Aertgeerts K. Method for rapid optimization of recombinant GPCR protein expression and stability using virus-like particles. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 133:41-49. [PMID: 28263854 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent innovative approaches to stabilize and crystallize GPCRs have resulted in an unprecedented breakthrough in GPCR crystal structures as well as application of the purified receptor protein in biophysical and biochemical ligand binding assays. However, the protein optimization process to enable these technologies is lengthy and requires iterative overexpression, solubilization, purification and functional analysis of tens to hundreds of protein variants. Here, we report a new and versatile method to screen in parallel hundreds of GPCR variants in HEK293 produced virus-like particles (VLPs) for protein yield, stability, functionality and ligand binding. This approach reduces the time and resources during GPCR construct optimization by eliminating lengthy protein solubilization and purification steps and by its adaptability to many binding assay formats (label or label-free detection). We exemplified the robustness of our VLP method by screening 210 GALR3-VLP variants in a radiometric agonist-based binding assay and a subset of 88 variants in a label-free antagonist-based assay. The resulting GALR3 agonist or antagonist stabilizing variants were then further used for recombinant protein expression in transfected insect cells. The final purified protein variants were successfully immobilized on a biosensor chip and used in a surface plasmon resonance binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao T Ho
- Department of Structural Biology, Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
| | - Jasmine T Nguyen
- Department of Structural Biology, Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
| | - Juping Liu
- Department of Preclinical Development, Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
| | - Pawel Stanczak
- Department of Structural Biology, Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
| | - Aaron A Thompson
- Department of Structural Biology, Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
| | - Yingzhuo G Yan
- Department of Biology, Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
| | - Jasmine Chen
- Department of Biology, Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
| | - Charles K Allerston
- Department of Structural Biology, Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
| | - Charles L Dillard
- Department of Structural Biology, Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Structural Biology, Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Shoger
- Department of Structural Biology, Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
| | - Jill S Cameron
- Department of Biology, Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
| | - Mark E Massari
- Department of Biology, Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
| | - Kathleen Aertgeerts
- Department of Structural Biology, Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Drive, San Diego, CA 92131, USA.
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14
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Madge PD, Maggioni A, Pascolutti M, Amin M, Waespy M, Bellette B, Thomson RJ, Kelm S, von Itzstein M, Haselhorst T. Structural characterisation of high affinity Siglec-2 (CD22) ligands in complex with whole Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) Daudi cells by NMR spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36012. [PMID: 27808110 PMCID: PMC5093622 DOI: 10.1038/srep36012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglec-2 undergoes constitutive endocytosis and is a drug target for autoimmune diseases and B cell-derived malignancies, including hairy cell leukaemia, marginal zone lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). An alternative to current antibody-based therapies is the use of liposomal nanoparticles loaded with cytotoxic drugs and decorated with Siglec-2 ligands. We have recently designed the first Siglec-2 ligands (9-biphenylcarboxamido-4-meta-nitrophenyl-carboxamido-Neu5Acα2Me, 9-BPC-4-mNPC-Neu5Acα2Me) with simultaneous modifications at C-4 and C-9 position. In the current study we have used Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy to monitor the binding of 9-BPC-4-mNPC-Neu5Acα2Me to Siglec-2 present on intact Burkitt's lymphoma Daudi cells. Pre-treatment of cells with periodate resulted in significantly higher STD NMR signal intensities for 9-BPC-4-mNPC-Neu5Acα2Me as the cells were more susceptible to ligand binding because cis-binding on the cell surface was removed. Quantification of STD NMR effects led to a cell-derived binding epitope of 9-BPC-4-mNPC-Neu5Acα2Me that facilitated the design and synthesis of C-2, C-3, C-4 and C-9 tetra-substituted Siglec-2 ligands showing an 88-fold higher affinity compared to 9-BPC-Neu5Acα2Me. This is the first time a NMR-based binding study of high affinity Siglec-2 (CD22) ligands in complex with whole Burkitt's lymphoma Daudi cells has been described that might open new avenues in developing tailored therapeutics and personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Madge
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Andrea Maggioni
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Mauro Pascolutti
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Moein Amin
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Mario Waespy
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Bernadette Bellette
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Robin J Thomson
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Sørge Kelm
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia.,Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
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