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Skalski-Bednarz SB, Hillert A, Surzykiewicz J, Riedl E, Harder JP, Hillert SM, Adamczyk M, Uram P, Konaszewski K, Rydygel M, Maier K, Dobrakowski P. Longitudinal Impact of Disordered Eating Attitudes on Depression, Anxiety, and Somatization in Young Women with Anorexia and Bulimia. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5078. [PMID: 39274291 PMCID: PMC11395729 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Eating disorders, characterized by severe disturbances in eating behavior, are a public health concern, particularly among young women. This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the relationship between disordered eating attitudes and mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and somatization, among individuals with eating disorders. Methods: A total of 471 young German women hospitalized with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa participated in this study. Assessments were conducted at two points over a two-month interval using the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) and the Patient Health Questionnaire. Regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of depression, anxiety, and somatization. The study controlled for socio-demographic segmentation using Sinus-Milieus, a social classification system, as a covariate. Results: Regression analyses revealed that interpersonal distrust and impulse regulation were significant predictors of subsequent depression. Impulse regulation strongly predicted subsequent anxiety, while both impulse regulation and social insecurity were strong predictors of subsequent somatization. The Neo-Ecological Milieu emerged as the most prevalent socio-demographic group (34.4% of participants). The Sinus-Milieus segmentation, however, did not significantly impact the health outcomes, suggesting consistent mental health issues across socio-demographic groups. Conclusions: This study's findings underscored the role of disordered eating attitudes in predicting mental health outcomes among young women with eating disorders. Addressing these attitudes in therapeutic settings may help mitigate symptoms of not only the primary condition but also depression, anxiety, and somatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Binyamin Skalski-Bednarz
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, Humanitas University, 41200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Andreas Hillert
- Specialist Center for Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Schön Klinik Roseneck, 83209 Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | - Janusz Surzykiewicz
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
- Faculty of Education, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elisabeth Riedl
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Harder
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Sophia Magdalena Hillert
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Marta Adamczyk
- Institute of Psychology, Humanitas University, 41200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Patrycja Uram
- Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00378 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Konaszewski
- Faculty of Education, University of Białystok, 15328 Białystok, Poland
| | - Martin Rydygel
- Faculty of Education, University of Białystok, 15328 Białystok, Poland
| | - Kathrin Maier
- Department of Educational Psychology in Social Work, Catholic University of Applied Sciences Munich, 80335 Munich, Germany
| | - Paweł Dobrakowski
- Institute of Psychology, Humanitas University, 41200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Lakritz C, Iceta S, Duriez P, Makdassi M, Masetti V, Davidenko O, Lafraire J. Measuring implicit associations between food and body stimuli in anorexia nervosa: a Go/No-Go Association Task. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:93. [PMID: 37917374 PMCID: PMC10622378 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to explore the implicit associations between food and bodily stimuli in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and control subjects (HC). METHODS A Go/No-Go Association Task was administrated to 55 participants (28 AN and 27 HC), using food stimuli (low-calorie food vs. high-calorie food) and body stimuli (underweight vs. overweight bodies). RESULTS We evidenced an implicit association between food and body stimuli in the AN group, whereas the HC group only showed a tendency. AN and HC groups also exhibited different categorization strategies: the AN group tended to categorize stimuli as low-calorie foods and underweight bodies less than the HC group, and they tended to categorize stimuli as high-calorie foods and overweight bodies more than the HC group. CONCLUSION The present study revealed for the first time specificities of the AN population's implicit association between food and body stimuli in terms of association strength and categorization strategy. Furthermore, the results suggest that combining implicit methodologies with other methods could contribute to a better characterization of the physiopathology of AN. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lakritz
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Paul Bocuse, Ecully, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sylvain Iceta
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Philibert Duriez
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
- GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Makdassi
- GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France
| | | | - Olga Davidenko
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jérémie Lafraire
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Paul Bocuse, Ecully, France.
- Laboratoire CHArt, Cognitions Humaine et ARTificielle,, EPHE - PSL, École Pratique des Hautes Études - Paris Sciences Lettres, Campus Condorcet, Aubervilliers, France.
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Lakritz C, Tournayre L, Ouellet M, Iceta S, Duriez P, Masetti V, Lafraire J. Sinful Foods: Measuring Implicit Associations Between Food Categories and Moral Attributes in Anorexic, Orthorexic, and Healthy Subjects. Front Nutr 2022; 9:884003. [PMID: 35769379 PMCID: PMC9234570 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.884003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, neurocognitive studies have shown that food categorization is sensitive to both the properties of the food stimuli (e.g., calorie content) and the individual characteristics of subjects (e.g., BMI, eating disorders) asked to categorize these stimuli. Furthermore, groups of patients with eating disorders (ED) were described as relying more on moral criteria to form food categories than were control subjects. The present studies built on these seminal articles and aimed to determine whether certain food properties might trigger moral categories preferentially in subjects suffering from ED and in the general population. Using a Go/No-Go Association Task, Study 1 focused on the extent to which food categories are laden with moral attributes in ED patients compared to control subjects. Study 2 was a follow-up with a different design (an Implicit Association Test), another food variable (calorie content), and two non-clinical subgroups (orthorexic and healthy control subjects). Results revealed for the first time implicit associations between food variables cueing for energy density and moral attributes in the general population, the population suffering from anorexia nervosa, and subjects suffering from disordered eating such as orthorexia nervosa. These findings suggest that moralization of food is a pervasive phenomenon that can be measured with methods reputed to be less vulnerable to self-presentation or social desirability biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lakritz
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Paul Bocuse, Lyon, France
- Laboratoire Parcours Santé Systémique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Lola Tournayre
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Paul Bocuse, Lyon, France
- GR2TCA-Loricorps, Groupe de Recherche Transdisciplinaire des Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal (CR-IUSMM—CIUSSS Est de Montréal), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marilou Ouellet
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Paul Bocuse, Lyon, France
- GR2TCA-Loricorps, Groupe de Recherche Transdisciplinaire des Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Iceta
- Centre Référent pour les TCA, Centre Intégré de l’Obésité, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Philibert Duriez
- GHU Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Clinic of Mental Illnesses and Brain Disorders, Paris, France
- INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), University of Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Jérémie Lafraire
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Paul Bocuse, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Jérémie Lafraire,
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" eLoriCorps Immersive Body Rating Scale": Exploring the Assessment of Body Image Disturbances from Allocentric and Egocentric Perspectives. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092926. [PMID: 32927847 PMCID: PMC7564525 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The first objective of this study was to test the convergent and discriminant validity between the “eLoriCorps Immersive Body Rating Scale” and the traditional paper-based figure rating scale (FRS). The second objective was to explore the contribution of the egocentric virtual reality (VR) perspective of eLoriCorps to understanding body image disturbances (BIDs). The sample consisted of 53 female and 13 male adults. Body size dissatisfaction, body size distortion, perceived body size, and ideal body size were assessed. Overall, outcomes showed good agreement between allocentric perspectives as measured via VR and the FRS. The egocentric VR perspective produced different results compared to both the allocentric VR perspective and the FRS. This difference revealed discriminant validity and suggested that eLoricorps’ egocentric VR perspective might assess something different from the traditional conception of body dissatisfaction, which an allocentric VR perspective generally assesses. Finally, the egocentric VR perspective in assessing BIDs deserves to be studied more extensively to explore the possibility of finding two types of body image distortion: (a) an egocentric perceptual body distortion, referring to internal body sensation affected by intra-individual changes, and (b) an allocentric perceptual body distortion, referring to external body benchmarks constructed by inter-individual comparison occurring in a given cultural context.
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Décamps G, Gana K, Hagger M, Bruchon-Schweitzer ML, Boujut E. Étude des liens entre la fréquence de pratique sportive et la santé des étudiants : mesure des effets de genre sur les troubles alimentaires et les consommations de substances. PSYCHOLOGIE FRANCAISE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psfr.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Naor-Ziv R, Glicksohn J. Investigating Cognitive Deficits as Risk Factors for Developing Eating Disorders During Adolescence. Dev Neuropsychol 2016; 41:107-24. [PMID: 27135707 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2016.1170129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with eating disorders (ED) suffer from deficits in executive functions and "theory of mind." It is unclear whether these indicate state or trait characteristics. We examined cognitive functioning in 150 adolescents, comparing those at high risk and those not at risk for ED. Deficits in set shifting and in theory of mind were found in all high-risk groups. Adolescents at high risk for bulimia were found to be higher in impulsivity and in theory of mind deficits, compared to adolescents at high risk for anorexia. These are trait characteristics rather than state vulnerabilities and preexist the development of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Naor-Ziv
- a Department of Criminology , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan , Israel
| | - Joseph Glicksohn
- a Department of Criminology , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan , Israel
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Lombardo C, Battagliese G, Venezia C, Salvemini V. Persistence of poor sleep predicts the severity of the clinical condition after 6months of standard treatment in patients with eating disorders. Eat Behav 2015; 18:16-9. [PMID: 25845312 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that eating disorder (ED) patients experience poor sleep even if they rarely complain of it. However, direct empirical evidence supporting this relationship is still sparse. In order to provide direct evidence, poor sleep, severity of the ED symptoms and depression were obtained in 562 ED patients at treatment admission (T0). For 271 patients out of them, data were also available after 6months of standard treatment (T1). Results evidence that at T0 poor sleep predicts severity of ED symptoms through the mediation of depression. Persistence of poor sleep at T1 directly predicts the severity of the ED symptoms both directly and through the mediation of depression. These findings suggest that the treatment of ED may benefit from addressing poor sleep since its presence and persistence increase comorbidity and attrition to the standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gemma Battagliese
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carmela Venezia
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vito Salvemini
- Multidisciplinary Section for Eating Disorders, Traumatological and Orthopaedic Hospital "Andrea Alesini", Via San Nemesio 21, 00144 Rome, Italy.
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Maïano C, Morin AJS, Lanfranchi MC, Therme P. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 revisited using exploratory structural equation modeling. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 41:775-88. [PMID: 23344702 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most previous studies have failed to replicate the original factor structure of the 26-item version of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) among community samples of adolescents. The main objective of the present series of four studies (n = 2178) was to revisit the factor structure of this instrument among mixed gender community samples of adolescents using both exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). First, results from the ESEM analyses provided satisfactory goodness-of-fit statistics and reliability coefficients for a six-factor model of the EAT with 18 items (EAT-18) closely corresponding to the original seven-factor structure proposed for the 40-item version of the EAT. Second, these analyses were satisfactorily replicated among a new sample of community adolescents using CFA. The results confirmed the factor loading and intercept invariance of this model across gender and age groups (i.e., early and late adolescence), as well as the complete invariance of the EAT-18 measurement model between ethnicities (i.e., European versus African origins) and across weight categories (i.e., underweight, normal weight and overweight). Finally, the last study provided support for convergent validity of the EAT-18 with the Eating Disorder Inventory and with instruments measuring global self-esteem, physical appearance, social physique anxiety and fear of negative appearance evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maïano
- Cyberpsychology Laboratory, Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, QC, Canada.
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