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de Oliveira dos Santos AM, Duarte AE, Costa AR, da Silva AA, Rohde C, Silva DG, de Amorim ÉM, da Cruz Santos MH, Pereira MG, Deprá M, de Santana SL, da Silva Valente VL, Teixeira CS. Canavalia ensiformis lectin induced oxidative stress mediate both toxicity and genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2823-2832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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2
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Nascimento CO, Pedrosa Brandão Costa RM, Soares PA, Herculano PN, Porto TS, Nascimento TP, Lima CDA, Bezerra RP, Teixeira JA, Coelho LCBB, Dos Santos Correia MT, Carneiro-da-Cunha MDG, Porto ALF. Purification of a lectin from Cratylia mollis crude extract seed by a single step PEG/phosphate aqueous two-phase system. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:655-663. [PMID: 32068481 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1725771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The partitioning and purification of lectins from the crude extract of Cratylia mollis seeds (Cramoll 1,4) was investigated in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). A factorial design model (24) was used to evaluate the influence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molar mass (1500-8000 g/mol), PEG concentration (12.5-17.5% w/w), phosphate (10-15% w/w) concentration, and pH (6-8) on the differential partitioning, purification factor, and yield of the lectin. Polymer and salt concentration were the most important variables affecting partition of lectin and used to find optimum purification factor by experimental Box-Behnken design together with the response surface methodology (RSM). ATPS showed best conditions composed by 13.9% PEG1500, 15.3% phosphate buffer at pH 6, which ensured purification factor of 4.70. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single band of protein with 26.1 kDa. Furthermore, results demonstrated a thermostable lectin presenting activity until 60 °C and lost hemagglutinating activity at 80 °C. According to the obtained data it can be inferred that the ATPS optimization using RSM approach can be applied for recovery and purification of lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Antônio Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Polyanna Nunes Herculano
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Souza Porto
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns (UAG), Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Garanhuns, Brazil
| | - Thiago Pajeú Nascimento
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Pedrosa Bezerra
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Teixeira
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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3
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Overview of the role of kinetoplastid surface carbohydrates in infection and host cell invasion: prospects for therapeutic intervention. Parasitology 2019; 146:1743-1754. [PMID: 31603063 PMCID: PMC6939169 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019001355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Kinetoplastid parasites are responsible for serious diseases in humans and livestock such as Chagas disease and sleeping sickness (caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei, respectively), and the different forms of cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis (produced by Leishmania spp). The limited number of antiparasitic drugs available together with the emergence of resistance underscores the need for new therapeutic agents with novel mechanisms of action. The use of agents binding to surface glycans has been recently suggested as a new approach to antitrypanosomal design and a series of peptidic and non-peptidic carbohydrate-binding agents have been identified as antiparasitics showing efficacy in animal models of sleeping sickness. Here we provide an overview of the nature of surface glycans in three kinetoplastid parasites, T. cruzi, T. brucei and Leishmania. Their role in virulence and host cell invasion is highlighted with the aim of identifying specific glycan-lectin interactions and carbohydrate functions that may be the target of novel carbohydrate-binding agents with therapeutic applications.
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4
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Vercesi AE, Castilho RF, Kowaltowski AJ, de Oliveira HCF, de Souza-Pinto NC, Figueira TR, Busanello ENB. Mitochondrial calcium transport and the redox nature of the calcium-induced membrane permeability transition. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:1-24. [PMID: 30172747 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria possess a Ca2+ transport system composed of separate Ca2+ influx and efflux pathways. Intramitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations regulate oxidative phosphorylation, required for cell function and survival, and mitochondrial redox balance, that participates in a myriad of signaling and damaging pathways. The interaction between Ca2+ accumulation and redox imbalance regulates opening and closing of a highly regulated inner membrane pore, the membrane permeability transition pore (PTP). In this review, we discuss the regulation of the PTP by mitochondrial oxidants, reactive nitrogen species, and the interactions between these species and other PTP inducers. In addition, we discuss the involvement of mitochondrial redox imbalance and PTP in metabolic conditions such as atherogenesis, diabetes, obesity and in mtDNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal E Vercesi
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roger F Castilho
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena C F de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nadja C de Souza-Pinto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago R Figueira
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela N B Busanello
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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5
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Breitenbach Barroso Coelho LC, Marcelino Dos Santos Silva P, Felix de Oliveira W, de Moura MC, Viana Pontual E, Soares Gomes F, Guedes Paiva PM, Napoleão TH, Dos Santos Correia MT. Lectins as antimicrobial agents. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1238-1252. [PMID: 30053345 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The resistance of micro-organisms to antimicrobial agents has been a challenge to treat animal and human infections, and for environmental control. Lectins are natural proteins and some are potent antimicrobials through binding to carbohydrates on microbial surfaces. Oligomerization state of lectins can influence their biological activity and maximum binding capacity; the association among lectin polypeptide chains can alter the carbohydrate-lectin binding dissociation rate constants. Antimicrobial mechanisms of lectins include the pore formation ability, followed by changes in the cell permeability and latter, indicates interactions with the bacterial cell wall components. In addition, the antifungal activity of lectins is associated with the chitin-binding property, resulting in the disintegration of the cell wall or the arrest of de novo synthesis from the cell wall during fungal development or division. Quorum sensing is a cell-to-cell communication process that allows interspecies and interkingdom signalling which coordinate virulence genes; antiquorum-sensing therapies are described for animal and plant lectins. This review article, among other approaches, evaluates lectins as antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - W Felix de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - M C de Moura
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - E Viana Pontual
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - F Soares Gomes
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - P M Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - T H Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - M T Dos Santos Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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6
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Aranda-Souza MÂ, de Lorena VMB, Dos Santos Correia MT, de Figueiredo RCBQ. In vitro effect of Bothrops leucurus lectin (BLL) against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:431-439. [PMID: 30118767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis are the main causative agents of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) in Brazil. As intracellular parasites, the infection by Leishmania species is dependent on the host immune response and the immunotherapy could be promissory for the development of new strategies to combat ATL. In this work we investigated the leishmanicidal potential of a galactose-binding lectin from the snake venom of Bothrops leucurus (BLL) during the infection with L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. BLL inhibited the promastigote growth and viability of both species in a mechanism dependent on galactose and calcium. The treatment with BLL also decreases the survival of intracellular parasites for both species and induced profound ultrastructural changes on amastigotes without apparent damage to the host cells. The analysis of the cytokine profile revealed that BLL induced an increase in the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α by infected macrophages in both species, but differed in relation to IL-1β and IL-10 response. Future works using in vitro and in vivo models are necessary to support the use of these lectins as biotechnological tool in immunological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ângela Aranda-Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Patógenos, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Microbiologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Virginia Maria Barros de Lorena
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Imunologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil
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7
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Cunha CR, Andrade CG, Pereira MI, Cabral Filho PE, Carvalho LB, Coelho LC, Santos BS, Fontes A, Correia MT. Quantum dot–Cramoll lectin as novel conjugates to glycobiology. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 178:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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de Andrade Luz L, Rossato FA, Costa RAPE, Napoleão TH, Paiva PMG, Coelho LCBB. Cytotoxicity of the coagulant Moringa oleifera lectin (cMoL) to B16-F10 melanoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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de Oliveira Figueirôa E, Aranda-Souza MÂ, Varejão N, Rossato FA, Costa RAP, Figueira TR, da Silva LCN, Castilho RF, Vercesi AE, dos Santos Correia MT. pCramoll and rCramoll lectins induce cell death in human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cells by impairment of mitochondrial homeostasis. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 43:40-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Palharini JG, Richter AC, Silva MF, Ferreira FB, Pirovani CP, Naves KSC, Goulart VA, Mineo TWP, Silva MJB, Santiago FM. Eutirucallin: A Lectin with Antitumor and Antimicrobial Properties. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:136. [PMID: 28487845 PMCID: PMC5403948 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eutirucallin is a lectin isolated from the latex of Euphorbia tirucalli, a plant known for its medical properties. The present study explores various characteristics of Eutirucallin including stability, cytotoxicity against tumor cells, antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities. Eutirucallin was stable from 2 to 40 days at 4°C, maintained hemagglutinating activity within a restricted range, and showed optimal activity at pH 7.0–8.0. Eutirucallin presented antiproliferative activity for HeLa, PC3, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 tumor cells but was not cytotoxic for non-tumorigenic cells such as macrophages and fibroblasts. Eutirucallin inhibited the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo and it was also observed that Eutirucallin inhibited 62.5% of Escherichia coli growth. Also, Eutirucallin showed to be effective when tested directly against Toxoplasma gondii infection in vitro. Therefore, this study sheds perspectives for pharmacological applications of Eutirucallin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio G Palharini
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Aline C Richter
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Mariana F Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Flavia B Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Carlos P Pirovani
- Biological Sciences Department, State University of Santa CruzIlhéus, Brazil
| | - Karinne S C Naves
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Vivian A Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Tiago W P Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo J B Silva
- Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Santiago
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Brazil
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11
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Albuquerque PB, Silva CS, Soares PA, Barros W, Correia MT, Coelho LC, Teixeira JA, Carneiro-da-Cunha MG. Investigating a galactomannan gel obtained from Cassia grandis seeds as immobilizing matrix for Cramoll lectin. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 86:454-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Campos JKL, Araújo CSF, Araújo TFS, Santos AFS, Teixeira JA, Lima VLM, Coelho LCBB. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Bauhinia monandra leaf lectin. BIOCHIMIE OPEN 2016; 2:62-68. [PMID: 29632839 PMCID: PMC5889483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A galactose-specific lectin from Bauhinia monandra leaves (BmoLL) has been purified through ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by guar gel affinity chromatography column. This study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of pure BmoLL in mice. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by 1% carrageenan-induced inflammation in mice treated with BmoLL. Acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing and hot plate methods evaluated antinociceptive activity. BmoLL significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced paw edema by 47% (30 mg/kg) and 60.5% (60 mg/kg); acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 100 mg/kg) showed inhibition of 70.5%, in comparison to controls. Leukocyte migration, an immune response to the inflammation process, was significantly reduced in presence of BmoLL; in mice treated with ASA the decrease in leukocyte migration was similar to 15 mg/kg of the lectin. BmoLL at doses of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of animal contortions by 43.1, 50.1 and 71.3%, respectively. BmoLL leukocyte migration was significantly reduced; in mice treated with ASA the decrease in leukocyte migration was similar to 15 mg/kg of the lectin. BmoLL at doses of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of animal contortions by 43.1, 50.1 and 71.3%, respectively. The lectin (30 and 60 mg/kg) showed a significant effect in the hot plate assay. BmoLL anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects were dose-dependent. The search for new and natural compounds, with minimal side effects, to control pain and inflammation, is constantly increasing. BmoLL has great potential as a natural anti-inflammatory product that can be explored for pharmacological purposes. BmoLL inhibited the carrageenan-induced paw edema. BmoLL significantly reduced the number of animal contortions. BmoLL anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína K L Campos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Chrisjacele S F Araújo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tiago F S Araújo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Andréa F S Santos
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Vera L M Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luana C B B Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Volpato H, Desoti VC, Valdez RH, Ueda-Nakamura T, Silva SDO, Sarragiotto MH, Nakamura CV. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by N-Butyl-1-(4-Dimethylamino)Phenyl-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-β-Carboline-3-Carboxamide Is Required for Cell Death of Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130652. [PMID: 26086449 PMCID: PMC4472351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas' disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and affects thousands of people worldwide. The available treatments are unsatisfactory, and new drugs must be developed. Our group recently reported the trypanocidal activity of the synthetic compound N-butyl-1-(4-dimethylamino)phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxamide (C4), but the mechanism of action of this compound was unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated the mechanism of action of C4 against epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi. The results showed alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential, alterations in cell membrane integrity, an increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species, phosphatidylserine exposure, a reduction of cell volume, DNA fragmentation, and the formation of lipid inclusions. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE These finding suggest that mitochondria are a target of C4, the dysfunction of which can lead to different pathways of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélito Volpato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas—Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vânia Cristina Desoti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sueli de Oliveira Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas—Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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14
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Mantilla BS, Paes LS, Pral EMF, Martil DE, Thiemann OH, Fernández-Silva P, Bastos EL, Silber AM. Role of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase supports mitochondrial metabolism and host-cell invasion of Trypanosoma cruzi. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7767-90. [PMID: 25623067 PMCID: PMC4367278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.574525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Proline is crucial for energizing critical events throughout the life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. The proline breakdown pathway consists of two oxidation steps, both of which produce reducing equivalents as follows: the conversion of proline to Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), and the subsequent conversion of P5C to glutamate. We have identified and characterized the Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase from T. cruzi (TcP5CDH) and report here on how this enzyme contributes to a central metabolic pathway in this parasite. Size-exclusion chromatography, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and small angle x-ray scattering analysis of TcP5CDH revealed an oligomeric state composed of two subunits of six protomers. TcP5CDH was found to complement a yeast strain deficient in PUT2 activity, confirming the enzyme's functional role; and the biochemical parameters (Km, kcat, and kcat/Km) of the recombinant TcP5CDH were determined, exhibiting values comparable with those from T. cruzi lysates. In addition, TcP5CDH exhibited mitochondrial staining during the main stages of the T. cruzi life cycle. mRNA and enzymatic activity levels indicated the up-regulation (6-fold change) of TcP5CDH during the infective stages of the parasite. The participation of P5C as an energy source was also demonstrated. Overall, we propose that this enzymatic step is crucial for the viability of both replicative and infective forms of T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Mantilla
- From the Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisvane S Paes
- From the Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth M F Pral
- From the Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daiana E Martil
- the Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, and
| | - Otavio H Thiemann
- the Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, and
| | - Patricio Fernández-Silva
- the Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Erick L Bastos
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-590 São Paulo, Brazil, and
| | - Ariel M Silber
- From the Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil,
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Docampo R, Vercesi AE, Huang G. Mitochondrial calcium transport in trypanosomes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2014; 196:108-16. [PMID: 25218432 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical peculiarities of trypanosomes were fundamental for the recent molecular identification of the long-sought channel involved in mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake, the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter or MCU. This discovery led to the finding of numerous regulators of the channel, which form a high molecular weight complex with MCU. Some of these regulators have been bioinformatically identified in trypanosomes, which are the first eukaryotic organisms described for which MCU is essential. In trypanosomes MCU is important for buffering cytosolic Ca(2+) changes and for activation of the bioenergetics of the cells. Future work on this pathway in trypanosomes promises further insight into the biology of these fascinating eukaryotes, as well as the potential for novel target discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Docampo
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083, SP, Brazil.
| | - Anibal E Vercesi
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083, SP, Brazil
| | - Guozhong Huang
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Fernandes MP, Leite ACR, Araújo FFB, Saad STO, Baratti MO, Correia MTS, Coelho LCBB, Gadelha FR, Vercesi AE. The Cratylia mollis
Seed Lectin Induces Membrane Permeability Transition in Isolated Rat Liver Mitochondria and a Cyclosporine A-Insensitive Permeability Transition in Trypanosoma cruzi
Mitochondria. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2014; 61:381-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P. Fernandes
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - Ana C. R. Leite
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - Flavia F. B. Araújo
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife Brazil
| | - Sara T. O. Saad
- Departamento de Clínica Médica; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - M. O. Baratti
- Departamento de Clínica Médica; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - M. T. S. Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife Brazil
| | - Luana C. B. B. Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Centro de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife Brazil
| | - Fernanda R. Gadelha
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - Anibal E. Vercesi
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Campinas Brazil
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A lectin from Bothrops leucurus snake venom raises cytosolic calcium levels and promotes B16-F10 melanoma necrotic cell death via mitochondrial permeability transition. Toxicon 2014; 82:97-103. [PMID: 24593964 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BlL, a galactose-binding C-type lectin purified from Bothrops leucurus snake venom, exhibits anticancer activity. The current study was designed to elucidate the cellular mechanisms by which BlL induces melanoma cell death. The viabilities of B16-F10 melanoma cells and HaCaT keratinocytes treated with BlL were evaluated. Necrotic and apoptotic cell death, cytosolic Ca(2+) levels, mitochondrial Ca(2+) transport and superoxide levels were assessed in B16-F10 melanoma cells exposed to BlL. We found that treatment with BlL caused dose-dependent necrotic cell death in B16-F10 melanoma cells. Conversely, the viability of non-tumorigenic HaCaT cells was not affected by similar doses of BlL. BlL-induced B16-F10 necrosis was preceded by a significant (2-fold) increase in cytosolic calcium concentrations and a significant (3-fold) increase in mitochondrial superoxide generation. It is likely that BlL treatment triggers B16-F10 cell death via mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore opening because the pharmacological MPT inhibitors bongkrekic acid and Debio 025 greatly attenuated BlL-induced cell death. Experiments evaluating mitochondrial Ca(2+) transport in permeabilized B16-F10 cells strongly supported the hypothesis that BlL rapidly stimulates cyclosporine A-sensitive Ca(2+)-induced MPT pore opening. We therefore conclude that BlL causes selective B16-F10 melanoma cell death via dysregulation of cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and Ca(2+)-induced opening of MPT pore.
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Soulamarin isolated from Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae) induces plasma membrane permeabilization of Trypanosoma cruzi and mytochondrial dysfunction. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2556. [PMID: 24340110 PMCID: PMC3854968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It has high mortality as well as morbidity rates and usually affects the poorer sections of the population. The development of new, less harmful and more effective drugs is a promising research target, since current standard treatments are highly toxic and administered for long periods. Fractioning of methanol (MeOH) extract of the stem bark of Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae) resulted in the isolation of the coumarin soulamarin, which was characterized by one- and two-dimensional 1H- and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as ESI mass spectrometry. All data obtained were consistent with a structure of 6-hydroxy-4-propyl-5-(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-6″,6″-dimethylpyrane-[2″,3″:8,7]-benzopyran-2-one for soulamarin. Colorimetric MTT assays showed that soulamarin induces trypanocidal effects, and is also active against trypomastigotes. Hemolytic activity tests showed that soulamarin is unable to induce any observable damage to erythrocytes (cmax. = 1,300 µM). The lethal action of soulamarin against T. cruzi was investigated by using amino(4-(6-(amino(iminio)methyl)-1H-indol-2-yl)phenyl)methaniminium chloride (SYTOX Green and 1H,5H,11H,15H-Xantheno[2,3,4-ij:5,6,7-i′j′]diquinolizin-18-ium, 9-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]-2,3,6,7,12,13,16,17-octahydro-chloride (MitoTracker Red) as fluorimetric probes. With the former, soulamarin showed dose-dependent permeability of the plasma membrane, relative to fully permeable Triton X-100-treated parasites. Spectrofluorimetric and fluorescence microscopy with the latter revealed that soulamarin also induced a strong depolarization (ca. 97%) of the mitochondrial membrane potential. These data demonstrate that the lethal action of soulamarin towards T. cruzi involves damages to the plasma membrane of the parasite and mitochondrial dysfunction without the additional generation of reactive oxygen species, which may have also contributed to the death of the parasites. Considering the unique mitochondrion of T. cruzi, secondary metabolites of plants affecting the bioenergetic system as soulamarin may contribute as scaffolds for the design of novel and selective drug candidates for neglected diseases, mainly Chagas disease. Chagas disease is a parasitic protozoan that affects the poorest population in the world, causing a high mortality and morbidity. As a result of highly toxic and long-term treatments, the discovery of novel, safe and more efficacious drugs is essential. Natural products isolated from plants are commonly used as drug prototypes or precursors to treat parasitic diseases. As part of our investigation of bioactive compounds from Brazilian flora, the present study was undertaken in order to determine the antitrypanosomal effects of the soulamarin, a coumarin isolated from the stem bark of Callophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae), against Trypanossoma cruzi. This study moreover investigated the lethal action of soulamarin towards the parasite. Considering the obtained results, secondary metabolites of plants affecting the bioenergetic system as soulamarin may contribute as scaffolds for the design of novel and selective drug candidates for neglected diseases, mainly Chagas disease.
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López-Roberts MC, de Queiroz LP, van den Berg C. Development of microsatellite markers in Cratylia mollis and their transferability to C. argentea (Fabaceae). APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2013; 1:apps1300015. [PMID: 25202484 PMCID: PMC4103464 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY This work aimed to develop microsatellite markers for Cratylia mollis as tools to assess its genetic diversity and structure and to evaluate their potential cross-amplification in related species. • METHODS AND RESULTS Microsatellite markers were developed using a microsatellite-enriched library and an intersimple sequence repeat library. From a set of 19 markers, 12 microsatellite loci were polymorphic and presented considerable variation in allele number (2-11), expected heterozygosity (0.226-0.883), and polymorphism information content per locus (0.212-0.870). Cross-amplification in C. argentea was successful in 16 loci, 12 of which were polymorphic (2-10 alleles). • CONCLUSIONS The polymorphism of this set of microsatellite markers for C. mollis, as well as their successful cross-amplification in C. intermedia and C. bahiensis and their transferability to C. argentea, supports their use in future comparative studies to understand the mechanism involved in population divergence and speciation in the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Cristina López-Roberts
- Departamento Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Av. Transnordestina s.n., 44036-900 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz
- Departamento Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Av. Transnordestina s.n., 44036-900 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cássio van den Berg
- Departamento Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Av. Transnordestina s.n., 44036-900 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
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20
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Lazarin-Bidóia D, Desoti VC, Ueda-Nakamura T, Dias Filho BP, Nakamura CV, Silva SO. Further evidence of the trypanocidal action of eupomatenoid-5: confirmation of involvement of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria owing to a reduction in trypanothione reductase activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 60:17-28. [PMID: 23376033 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our group assays natural products that are less toxic and more effective than available nitroheterocycles as promising therapeutic options for patients with Chagas disease. Our previous study reported the trypanocidal activity of eupomatenoid-5, a neolignan isolated from the leaves of Piper regnellii var. pallescens, against the three main parasitic forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. The present study further characterizes the biochemical and morphological alterations induced by this compound to elucidate the mechanisms of action involved in the cell death of T. cruzi. We show that eupomatenoid-5 induced oxidative imbalance in the three parasitic forms, especially trypomastigotes, reflected by a decrease in the activity of trypanothione reductase and increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential was then triggered, further impairing the cell redox system through the production of more ROS and reactive nitrogen species. Altogether, these effects led to oxidative stress, reflected by lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation. These alterations are key events in the induction of parasite death through various pathways, including apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lazarin-Bidóia
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Eupomatenoid-5 Isolated from Leaves of Piper regnellii Induces Apoptosis in Leishmania amazonensis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:940531. [PMID: 23573160 PMCID: PMC3618946 DOI: 10.1155/2013/940531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania spp. are protozoa responsible for leishmaniasis, a neglected disease that kills up to 50,000 people every year. Current therapies mainly rely on antimonial drugs that are inadequate because of their poor efficacy and safety and increased drug resistance. An urgent need exists to find new and more affordable drugs. Our previous study demonstrated the antileishmanial activity of eupomatenoid-5, a neolignan obtained from leaves of Piper regnellii var. pallescens. The aim of the present study was to clarify the mode of action of eupomatenoid-5 against L. amazonensis. We used biochemical and morphological techniques and demonstrated that eupomatenoid-5 induced cell death in L. amazonensis promastigotes, sharing some phenotypic features observed in metazoan apoptosis, including increased reactive oxygen species production, hypopolarization of mitochondrial potential, phosphatidylserine exposure, decreased cell volume, and G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest.
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22
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de Oliveira PSS, Rêgo MJBDM, da Silva RR, Cavalcanti MB, Galdino SL, Correia MTDS, Coelho LCBB, Pitta MGDR. Cratylia mollis 1, 4 lectin: a new biotechnological tool in IL-6, IL-17A, IL-22, and IL-23 induction and generation of immunological memory. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:263968. [PMID: 23586026 PMCID: PMC3613062 DOI: 10.1155/2013/263968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cratylia mollis lectin has already established cytokine induction in Th1 and Th2 pathways. Thereby, this study aimed to evaluate Cramoll 1, 4 in IL-6, IL-17A, IL-22, and IL-23 induction as well as analyze immunologic memory mechanism by reinducing lymphocyte stimulation. Initially we performed a screening in cultured splenocytes where Cramoll 1, 4 stimulated IL-6 production 5x more than ConA (P < 0.05). The same behavior was observed with IL-22 where the increase was greater than 4x. Nevertheless, IL-17A induction was similar for both lectins. In PBMCs, the same splenocytes course was observed for IL-6 and IL-17A. Concerning the stimulation of IL-22 and IL-23 Cramoll 1, 4 was more efficient than ConA in cytokines stimulation mainly in IL-23 (P < 0.01). Analyzing reinduced lymphocyte stimulation, IL-17A production was higher (P < 0.001) when the first stimulus was realized with Cramoll 1, 4 at 1 μ g/mL and the second at 5 μ g/mL. IL-22 shows significant differences (P < 0.01) at the same condition. Nevertheless, IL-23 revels the best response when the first stimuli was realized with Cramoll1, 4 at 100 ng/mL and the second with 5 μ g/mL. We conclude that the Cramoll 1, 4 is able to induce IL-6, IL-17A, IL-22, and IL-23 cytokines in vitro better than Concavalin A, besides immunologic memory generation, being a potential biotechnological tool in Th17 pathway studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rêgo 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rêgo
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rêgo 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ramos da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rêgo 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brayner Cavalcanti
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rêgo 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Suely Lins Galdino
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rêgo 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia
- Laboratório de Glicoproteínas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rêgo 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho
- Laboratório de Glicoproteínas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rêgo 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas (LINAT), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rêgo 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Kessler RL, Soares MJ, Probst CM, Krieger MA. Trypanosoma cruzi response to sterol biosynthesis inhibitors: morphophysiological alterations leading to cell death. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55497. [PMID: 23383204 PMCID: PMC3561218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi displays similarities to fungi in terms of its sterol lipid biosynthesis, as ergosterol and other 24-alkylated sterols are its principal endogenous sterols. The sterol pathway is thus a potential drug target for the treatment of Chagas disease. We describe here a comparative study of the growth inhibition, ultrastructural and physiological changes leading to the death of T. cruzi cells following treatment with the sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBIs) ketoconazole and lovastatin. We first calculated the drug concentration inhibiting epimastigote growth by 50% (EC(50)/72 h) or killing all cells within 24 hours (EC(100)/24 h). Incubation with inhibitors at the EC(50)/72 h resulted in interesting morphological changes: intense proliferation of the inner mitochondrial membrane, which was corroborated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy of the parasites stained with rhodamine 123, and strong swelling of the reservosomes, which was confirmed by acridine orange staining. These changes to the mitochondria and reservosomes may reflect the involvement of these organelles in ergosterol biosynthesis or the progressive autophagic process culminating in cell lysis after 6 to 7 days of treatment with SBIs at the EC(50)/72 h. By contrast, treatment with SBIs at the EC(100)/24 h resulted in rapid cell death with a necrotic phenotype: time-dependent cytosolic calcium overload, mitochondrial depolarization and reservosome membrane permeabilization (RMP), culminating in cell lysis after a few hours of drug exposure. We provide the first demonstration that RMP constitutes the "point of no return" in the cell death cascade, and propose a model for the necrotic cell death of T. cruzi. Thus, SBIs trigger cell death by different mechanisms, depending on the dose used, in T. cruzi. These findings shed new light on ergosterol biosynthesis and the mechanisms of programmed cell death in this ancient protozoan parasite.
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Figueira TR, Melo DR, Vercesi AE, Castilho RF. Safranine as a fluorescent probe for the evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential in isolated organelles and permeabilized cells. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 810:103-117. [PMID: 22057563 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-382-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial electrical membrane potential (Δψ) is the main component of the proton motive force (Δp) generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane during electron flow through the respiratory chain. Among the techniques available to assess Δψ, methods that rely on the spectrophotofluorometric responses of dyes are widely employed for whole suspensions of isolated mitochondria or permeabilized cells. Safranine is one of the dyes currently used most often for this purpose. Safranine is a lipophilic cationic dye that undergoes optical shifts upon its potential-dependent distribution between the external medium and the intramitochondrial compartment and on its stacking to inner mitochondrial membrane anionic sites. The association between the optical changes of safranine and the membrane potential allows unknown Δψ values to be estimated from an equation describing their relationship. Here, we describe the use of safranine as a fluorescent indicator of Δψ in isolated mitochondria and digitonin-permeabilized cells. We present suitable conditions to employ safranine as a Δψ indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago R Figueira
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
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25
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Oliveira MD, Andrade CA, Correia MT, Coelho LC, Singh PR, Zeng X. Impedimetric biosensor based on self-assembled hybrid cystein-gold nanoparticles and CramoLL lectin for bacterial lipopolysaccharide recognition. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 362:194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Varejão N, Correia MTS, Foguel D. Characterization of the Unfolding Process of the Tetrameric and Dimeric Forms of Cratylia mollis Seed Lectin (CRAMOLL 1): Effects of Natural Fragmentation on Protein Stability. Biochemistry 2011; 50:7330-40. [DOI: 10.1021/bi200320x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Varejão
- Instituto
de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biologia Estrutural,
Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de
Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio
de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza S. Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Laboratório de Glicoproteínas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife,
Pernambuco, PE, Brazil
| | - Debora Foguel
- Instituto
de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biologia Estrutural,
Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de
Macromoléculas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902, Rio
de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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27
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Lam SK, Ng TB. Apoptosis of human breast cancer cells induced by hemagglutinin from Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Legumi secchi. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Melo CMLD, de Lima ALR, Beltrão EIC, Cavalcanti CCB, de Melo-Júnior MR, Montenegro SML, Coelho LCBB, Correia MTDS, Carneiro-Leão AMDA. Potential effects of Cramoll 1,4 lectin on murine Schistosomiasis mansoni. Acta Trop 2011; 118:152-8. [PMID: 21333623 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cratylia mollis is a natural forage plant from the Northeast of Brazil. C. mollis seed lectin (Cramoll) containing molecular forms 1 and 4 (Cramoll 1,4) has shown anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activities. This work analyzed the effect of Cramoll 1,4 on experimental schistosomiasis in mice. Experimental groups (n=15/group) were composed of female albino Swiss mice, which were subcutaneously and caudally infected with Schistosoma mansoni (BH strain, 100 cercariae/mouse) and were treated with an intraperitoneal dose after infection as follows: (1) Cramoll 1,4 (50 mg kg(-1) single dose - after 40 days of infection), (2) Cramoll 1,4 (7 mg kg(-1) daily dose - for 7 days after infection) and control (untreated mice). Mice were sacrificed 8 weeks after infection and adult worms were recovered from the portal-hepatic system. Livers were fixed in 10% (v/v) formaldehyde/0.15M NaCl and tissue sections were processed for haematoxilin and Masson's trichrome stainings. Mice infected subcutaneously harboured no or very few worms and hence the effect of Cramoll 1,4 could not be assessed. Results (P≤0.05) were obtained with Cramoll 1,4 using the two treatments, with reduction of: egg excretion (79 and 80%), adult worm recovery (71 and 79%) and liver granulomas (40 and 73.5%) in relation to control. This study showed the potential anti-helminthic activity of Cramoll 1,4 when tested against Schistosomiasis mansoni infection in mice.
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