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Trapped in hope: the negative impact of hope on gambling decisions. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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King SM, Wasberg SMH, Wollmuth AK. Gambling problems, risk factors, community knowledge, and impact in a US Lao immigrant and refugee community sample. Public Health 2020; 184:17-21. [PMID: 32564910 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to examine gambling-related problems, risk factors, help-seeking attitudes, community perceptions, and correlates of problem gambling in a Lao sample of Southeast Asian refugees and immigrants and to discuss cultural implications for the treatment and prevention of gambling problems in Southeast Asian refugee and immigrant populations. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional, community-based interview study. METHODS Participants (N = 200, males = 51%, females = 49%) were recruited from a Lao community center in a major US metropolitan area (convenience sample; community center recruitment and peer nomination). Structured interviews on gambling and substance use were conducted by Lao center staff members in both English and Lao languages. RESULTS Gambling-related problems were measured using the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), gambling frequency, and quantity measures. In a previous study, we reported a substantial number of participants from the sample endorsed gambling-related harms and problems (SOGS score of five or more = 24%) and common methods of play were slots, house betting, cards at a casino, and sports betting. Among those endorsing five or more gambling problems, reasons for gambling included making money (68%), social life (31.3%), entertainment (58.3%), and reducing boredom (35.4%). Less commonly endorsed reasons were depression or stress (14.6%) and escape (10.4%). Many participants reported a family history of gambling problems. Those with problem gambling had twice the level of sibling problem gambling histories relative to those without problem gambling (35.4% vs. 11.1%). There were substantially more participants in the problem gambling group who had started gambling before the age of 13 years than in non-problem gamblers (P < .05). Many recognized gambling as a significant issue in the community and reported knowing several individuals affected by gambling-related problems. CONCLUSIONS Many participants recognized gambling as a significant issue in the Lao community. We include insights gleaned from a research partnership with a community organization. Although data cannot be generalized to the Lao community because of limitations in sampling methodology, participants viewed gambling as a culturally common social practice. Cultural norms affected where community members gamble, types of games, and betting practices. In this context, community members may view gambling-related harms as both a community-level and individual-level concern. These data suggest a significant need for rigorous research to inform policies and a culturally sensitive approach to public health prevention, intervention, and education. We discuss the challenges and cultural barriers to research and community engagement and offer suggestions for prevention and intervention ideas efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M King
- Department of Psychology, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Hamline University, United States.
| | - S M H Wasberg
- Department of Psychology, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Hamline University, United States
| | - A K Wollmuth
- Department of Psychology, Saint Paul, Minnesota, Hamline University, United States
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Perez-Cruzado D, Vera-Garcia E, Mayoral-Cleries F, Luciano JV, Cuesta-Vargas A. Adaptation and validation of a scale of self-efficacy and social support for physical activity in Spanish patients with severe mental disorders. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01510. [PMID: 31880097 PMCID: PMC7010581 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with severe mental disorders (SMDs) suffer problems of obesity, a sedentary life, and poor physical condition, mainly due to low levels of physical activity. Self-efficacy (SE) and social support (SS) are important components that influence participation in physical activity. METHODS This study adapted a scale to assess SE and SS in promoting physical activity in Spanish people with SMDs, as well as provide preliminary evidence of its validity. One hundred Spanish patients (23% female) with SMDs, between 26 and 61 years old, completed the SE/SS assessment for SMD (SE/SS-ASMD). RESULTS The instrument seemed to capture a four-factor structure in people with SMDs. Due to the lack of a gold standard, the scale was related to other instruments with which it might be expected to show a correlation, such as those for physical activity and its quality; however, the levels of correlation found were low (≈0.3). The Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) for the SE-ASMD, SS-ASMD staff, SS-ASMD peers, and SS-ASMD family scales were 0.76, 0.76, 0.80, and 0.80, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The psychometric analysis of the SE/SS-ASMD supported its suitability as a new tool for researchers in the area of physical activity among people with SMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perez-Cruzado
- Department of Physiotherapy, Grupo de Investigacion de Clinimetria, IBIMA, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Departmen of Occupational Therapy, Catolic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elisa Vera-Garcia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Grupo de Investigacion de Clinimetria, IBIMA, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación de Salud Mental, IBIMA, Hospital Regional de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Fermin Mayoral-Cleries
- Grupo de Investigación de Salud Mental, IBIMA, Hospital Regional de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Luciano
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain.,Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuesta-Vargas
- Department of Physiotherapy, Grupo de Investigacion de Clinimetria, IBIMA, Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,School of Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Queensland University Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Abstract
This study examines the social contexts of gambling and analyzes social motivations for playing the lottery. We test three sociological approaches simultaneously: network effects, consumption theory, and strain theory. The data used (SOEP-IS, N = 5868 individuals) has several advantages beyond being a large-scale representative sample of the German population. With information on households, we can analyze social network effects while avoiding the problems of egocentric network data. Another benefit of the SOEP-IS is the panel structure. We use the panel structure to improve measurements of strain theory by using the decline in income over time as a measure for it. Our results suggest that the three theories explain different aspects of lottery play. Networks seem to have an influence on lottery play. Having another person in the household playing the lottery is positively associated with both the probability of playing (regularly) and expenditures on lottery tickets. Daydreams and the belief in good luck are positively associated with lottery play as well. Strain theory is confirmed insofar as we find that a decline in income is significantly related to expenditures but not to the probability of playing the lottery. Overall, this study suggests that people play the lottery depending on their social surroundings, their desire to participate in a world normally out of their reach, and the tensions they feel from the distance between their aspirations and their actual social position.
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Fong LHN, Lam D, Fong DKC. Controllable superstition and its relationship with enduring and behavioural involvement in gambling. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1378363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Hoc Nang Fong
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, China
| | - Desmond Lam
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, China
| | - Davis Ka Chio Fong
- Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, China
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Wilbertz G, Delgado MR, Tebartz Van Elst L, Maier S, Philipsen A, Blechert J. Neural response during anticipation of monetary loss is elevated in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:268-278. [PMID: 26508322 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Risky behaviour seriously impacts the life of adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Such behaviours have often been attributed to their exaggerated reward seeking, but dysfunctional anticipation of negative outcomes might also play a role. METHODS The present study compared adult patients with ADHD (n = 28) with matched healthy controls (n = 28) during anticipation of monetary losses versus gains while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and skin conductance recording. RESULTS Skin conductance was higher during anticipation of losses compared to gains in both groups. Affective ratings of predictive cues did not differ between groups. ADHD patients showed increased activity in bilateral amygdalae, left anterior insula (region of interest analysis) and left temporal pole (whole brain analysis) compared to healthy controls during loss versus gain anticipation. In the ADHD group higher insula and temporal pole activations went along with more negative affective ratings. CONCLUSIONS Neural correlates of loss anticipation are not blunted but rather increased in ADHD, possibly due to a life history of repeated failures and the respective environmental sanctions. Behavioural adaptations to such losses, however, might differentiate them from controls: future research should study whether negative affect might drive more risk seeking than risk avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Wilbertz
- a Department of Psychology , University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany.,b Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry , University Medical Centre Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany.,c Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Mauricio R Delgado
- d Department of Psychology , Rutgers University , Newark , NJ 07102 , USA
| | - Ludger Tebartz Van Elst
- b Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry , University Medical Centre Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Simon Maier
- b Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry , University Medical Centre Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- b Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section for Experimental Neuropsychiatry , University Medical Centre Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany.,e Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Psychiatry and Psychotherapy - University Hospital , Karl-Jaspers-Klinik, Bad Zwischenahn , Germany
| | - Jens Blechert
- f Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,g Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
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Subramaniam M, Chong SA, Browning C, Thomas S. Cognitive distortions among older adult gamblers in an Asian context. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178036. [PMID: 28542389 PMCID: PMC5436884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The study aims to describe the construct of cognitive distortions based on the narratives of older adult gamblers (aged 60 years and above) in Singapore. Methods Singapore residents (citizens or permanent residents) aged 60 years and above, who were current or past regular gamblers were included in the study. Participants were recruited using a combination of venue based approach, referrals from service providers as well as by snowball sampling. In all, 25 in-depth interviews were conducted with older adult gamblers. The six-step thematic network analysis methodology was adopted for data analysis. Results The mean age of the participants was 66.2 years. The majority were male (n = 18), of Chinese ethnicity (n = 16), with a mean age of gambling initiation at 24.5 years. Among older adult gamblers, cognitive distortions emerged as a significant global theme comprising three organizing themes–illusion of control, probability control and interpretive control. The organizing themes comprised nine basic themes: perception of gambling as a skill, near miss, concept of luck, superstitious beliefs, entrapment, gambler’s fallacy, chasing wins, chasing losses, and beliefs that wins are more than losses. Conclusions Cognitive distortions were endorsed by all gamblers in the current study and were shown to play a role in both maintaining and escalating the gambling behaviour. While the surface characteristics of the distortions had a culture-specific appearance, the deeper characteristics of the distortions may in fact be more universal than previously thought. Future research must include longitudinal studies to understand causal relationships between cognitive distortions and gambling as well as the role of culture-specific distortions both in the maintenance and treatment of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Colette Browning
- Royal District Nursing Service Limited, Melbourne, Australia
- International Primary Health Care Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shane Thomas
- International Primary Health Care Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Kim J(S, Ahlgren MB, Byun JW, Malek K. Gambling motivations and superstitious beliefs: a cross-cultural study with casino customers. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1182569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Papineau E, Lemétayer F, Barry AD, Biron JF. Lottery marketing in Québec and social deprivation: excessive exposure, insufficient protection? INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2014.1000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Superstitious Beliefs and Problem Gambling Among Thai Lottery Gamblers: The Mediation Effects of Number Search and Gambling Intensity. J Gambl Stud 2014; 31:1633-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-014-9517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kim J, Ahlgren M, Bernhard B. The mediating effect of depression between superstitious beliefs and problem gambling: a cross-cultural study of Chinese and Caucasians residing in the United States. JOURNAL OF GAMBLING ISSUES 2014. [DOI: 10.4309/jgi.2014.29.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to address the mediational role of depression in the association between superstitions and problem gambling and to test whether this mediating process is significantly different between Chinese and Caucasian Americans. Eight items assessing superstitious beliefs, the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the 20-item South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) were completed by 115 Chinese gamblers and 187 Caucasian gamblers residing in the United States, and the responses between tests and between groups compared. Path analysis results showed that superstitious beliefs had a significant effect on both Chinese and Caucasian gamblers' SOGS scores (i.e., problem gambling symptoms). In both groups, depression played a significant mediating role between the superstitious beliefs variable and the problem gambling variable. Future clinical research might use the findings of this study to develop specific prevention and treatment approaches focusing on a gambler's cognitive bias and negative mood.
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Loo JMY, Tsai JS, Raylu N, Oei TPS. Gratitude, hope, mindfulness and personal-growth initiative: buffers or risk factors for problem gambling? PLoS One 2014; 9:e83889. [PMID: 24523854 PMCID: PMC3921109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of prevention and intervention research in problem gambling (PG) has focused on identifying negative risk factors. However, not all at-risk individuals go on to develop anticipated disorders and many thrive in spite of them. In healthcare settings, PG and other disorders are typically conceptualized from the biomedical perspective that frame disorders as something negative residing within the individual and reduction in negativity is seen as success. Indeed, this problem-focused conceptualization may be adequate in many cases as reducing PG behaviour is undoubtedly an important outcome, but the focus on negativity alone is too narrow to capture the complexity of human behaviour. Hence, this study attempts to bridge the gap in literature by providing an evaluation of the predictive ability of the positive dispositions on problem gambling severity, gambling-related cognitions, and gambling urges. The positive psychological dispositions examined were curiosity, gratitude, hope, personal growth initiative, and mindfulness. Participants consisted of 801 Taiwanese Chinese students and community individuals (Mean age = 25.36 years). Higher levels of gratitude and hope have been found to predict lower PG, gambling-related cognitions, or gambling urges. Meanwhile, higher mindfulness predicted lower PG, but only among Chinese males. However, lower personal growth initiative predicted lower PG, gambling-related cognitions, and gambling urges. These analyses have small to medium effect sizes with significant predictions. Findings of this study have essential implications in understanding and treating Chinese problem gamblers. These positive dispositions should be addressed by mental health professionals in preventative and treatment programs among Chinese individuals. Further implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M Y Loo
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jung-Shun Tsai
- Yuhing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Namrata Raylu
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tian P S Oei
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
This paper presents an exhaustive review of the literature on lottery gambling involving numbers games, lotto, and scratch cards. Results provide tentative answers to the question why people buy lotteries, and support the theory of judgment under uncertainty, cognitive theory of gambling, and theory of demand for gambles. Results also indicate some potential addictiveness of this form of gambling. Youths buy different forms of lotteries and the best predictor of their lottery purchases is their parents' lottery participation. Contrary to the myth that a big lottery win will ruin the winners' lives, lottery winners tend to be well-adjusted and their life quality seems to improve. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ariyabuddhiphongs
- Graduate School, Bangkok University, Rama 4 Road, Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
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Law P. Gaming outcome of accountants and human capital theory: Macau evidence. MANAGEMENT RESEARCH REVIEW 2010. [DOI: 10.1108/01409171011092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeMacau is a major gambling city in Asia, with many tourists and customers visiting its casinos every day. These visitors include not only recreational and pathological gamblers, but also professional people such as accountants. Although, past studies have been carried out on the gambling behavior of various individuals, no research has examined the actual gambling outcome of accountants. The rationale for this research is that accountants may be more confident in their ability to predict or calculate gambling outcomes than other individuals because of their numerical competency. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis study is ought to be the first to use data on professional accountants to examine the actual gambling outcomes for accountants against the background of human capital theory. The data are taken from an on‐site survey of 203 professional accounting professionals visiting a casino in Macau.FindingsThe results of the logistic regressions indicate that the variables of “age” and “previous win” have no significant influence on the actual gaming outcome for accountants, but that certified public accountants (CPA) status, self‐confidence, temper, and luck may positively affect the outcome. Further, female accounting professionals are less likely to win than male accounting professionals. The results support the validity of human capital theory, which asserts that the market compensates the cost of education. Although table games are based on casino mathematics, probability, and luck, it is interesting to note that human capital theory also applies in the gaming industries.Originality/valueThe results extend the theoretical development of human capital theory and broaden its application from business sectors to the gaming industry. Further research is recommended to validate the findings.
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Turner NE, Ferentzy PL. The natural life history of a lottery: the importance of large wins in the establishment and survival of a lottery. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/14459790903437492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Near miss, gambler's fallacy and entrapment: their influence on lottery gamblers in Thailand. J Gambl Stud 2008; 24:295-305. [PMID: 18512133 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-008-9098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Near miss, gambler's fallacy and entrapment are hypothesized to influence gambling behavior but their individual impact on gambling behavior and their relationships have not been investigated. This study examines the direct and mediated effects of near miss, gambler's fallacy and entrapment on lottery gambling among Thai lottery gamblers. Two groups of 200 lottery gamblers participated in the study. One group used superstitious methods to search for lottery numbers to bet, whereas the other group simply bought their tickets from lottery stalls. The superstitious group shows higher levels of near miss, gambler's fallacy, entrapment and lottery gambling. Three models of relationships among near miss, gambler's fallacy, entrapment and lottery gambling were constructed using LISREL program. The model that shows a direct effect of near miss, and one that shows a mediated effect of near miss fit the data equally. The results confirm a gambler's fallacy and entrapment as starting points in the theory of cognitive psychology of lottery gambling and the generalization of near miss in gambling motivation.
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