The Relationship Between Cultural Variables and Gambling Behavior Among Chinese Residing in Australia

Relationship Between Social Isolation, Cultural Adaptation, and Sports Gambling Addiction Among Korean Chinese Sports club Participants

This study aims to verify the relationship between social isolation, cultural adaptation, and gambling addiction tendency among Korean Chinese sports club participants living in Korea. This will be helpful in identifying the sports gambling tendencies of Korean Chinese sports club participants living in Korea and provide basic data for the development and implementation of preventive measures and treatments. This study recruited 340 sports club participants in Seoul and Incheon, Gyeonggi province in South Korea, using a convenience sampling method. A survey was conducted by visiting the places where the subjects were taking part in sports activities and explaining the contents and purpose of the survey. The survey was a self-administered questionnaire that the participants were to complete themselves. Of the original 340 participants, 314 questionnaires were included in the data analysis, with 26 questionnaires excluded for insincere responses or omissions. analysis result, First, considering the effect of social isolation of Korean Chinese sports club participants on cultural adaptation, the results show that emotional isolation had a negative effect on all subfactors of cultural adaptation, and social alienation had a negative effect on work adaptation, among the subfactors of cultural adaptation. Second, examining the effect of social isolation of Korean Chinese sports club participants on sports gambling addiction tendency, among the subfactors of social isolation, we find that emotional isolation had the most positive effect on sports gambling addiction tendency, followed by social alienation. Third, we examined the effect of the cultural adaptation of Korean Chinese sports club participants on sports gambling addiction tendency; among the subfactors of cultural adaptation, work adaptation had a negative effect on sports gambling addiction tendency.

Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Gamblers of East Asian Descent in Australia: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence

As a country with one of the highest per capita gambling losses per year in the world, and an evolving multicultural profile, Australia has become an important setting in which to examine the harms and benefits related to gambling. The Australian population includes people from East Asian cultural backgrounds who are a key demographic of interest for gambling operators planning to grow revenue. However, Australian gambling research has concentrated primarily on those belonging to the dominant cultural group. Most of the previous and limited number of studies to examine gambling among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) residents have focused on people of Chinese descent, and much of the literature is now becoming relatively old. This review examines the current evidence around cultural variations in gambling prevalence, motivations, beliefs, behaviours, and help service utilisation, focusing on gamblers with an East Asian cultural background. Numerous domains in which gambling motivations and behaviours vary across cultural groups are identified, and methodological considerations related to ethnographic gambling research are discussed. This review found that while barriers and predictors to help-seeking for CALD gamblers have been studied extensively, contemporary evidence of help service utilisation and effectiveness in Australia is lacking. Further research providing an accurate assessment of the impacts of gambling for CALD gamblers is needed to ensure that harm minimisation resources are effective for those most vulnerable to harm.

Effects of Asian cultural values on parenting style and young children’s perceived competence: A cross-sectional study

Authoritarian parenting has long been associated with Western individualism and improved child development. This study examined the relationship between cultural values, parenting styles, and children’s perceived competence in Hong Kong. A total of 48 parents from local Chinese families, 49 parents from South Asian families, and 105 children (24 local Chinese and 81 South Asian) aged 5–6 years participated in the study. Self-report questionnaires on adherence to Asian cultural values and parenting style were administered to parents. The Pictorial Survey on Children’s Perceived Competence was administered to children by trained research assistants. The results contradicted two long-standing assumptions on Asian cultural values and parenting styles. First, higher adherence to Asian cultural values increased the likelihood of having an authoritarian parenting style. Second, authoritative parenting practices were more likely be associated with improved social–emotional competence in children. Multiple regression analyzes revealed a strong positive correlation between Asian cultural values and authoritative parenting style (R² = 0.597). There was no association between parenting style and the development of competence in young children. However, a positive correlation was found between Asian cultural values and young children’s perceived competence. This study showed that components of collectivism and humility in Asian cultural values could have functional values that are essential for developing competencies in South Asian young children but not in local Chinese young children. This study discussed the implications of cultural values sin the terms of contextualization, functional relevance of cultural values for ethnic minorities, and ideal parenting practices.

Empirical Evidence Relating to the Relative Riskiness of Scratch-Card Gambling

Scratch cards (SCs) or tickets are lottery-based games which are played by scratching to reveal numbers, letters or symbols to win prizes. Such activities have sometimes been likened to paper-based slot-machines, but relatively little systematic analyses have been conducted to examine the risk or harm associated with these activities. In this paper, we provide a narrative review of the peer-reviewed literature relating to the potential association between SCs and problem gambling and what is known from publically available data sources (e.g., prevalence studies and treatment data). Evidence is analysed within the context of the Bradford Hill Criteria. Both prevalence and peer reviewed literature suggest that SCs are less strongly associated with problem gambling than most other gambling activities. We argue that this difference is due to the nature of the products. SC gambling differs from slot-machine gambling in a number of structural ways; it is less continuous; has a slower event frequency; and, emerging literature suggests that near-miss design features are unlikely to have a significant impact upon behaviour. Thus, in our view, and based on the empirical evidence, it appears that earlier parallels between SCs and slot-machines now appear more tenuous. Nevertheless, we encourage further investigation into the potential impact of new and emerging online lottery products because of the more immersive, faster and more technology-based nature of these products.

Gambling habits, gambling norms, and problem gambling in foreign born and native populations in Denmark - A general population survey

Background

Being foreign born, i.e. not born in the reception country or belonging to an ethnic minority, has been described as a risk factor of problem gambling, although research so far has been inconclusive. Also, there is limited knowledge about whether this association is caused by differing gambling norms. The present study aimed to study whether foreign origin is associated with problem gambling, when controlling for several potential risk factors, gambling frequency and beliefs about peer gambling, i.e. gambling norms.

Methods

Cross-sectional web survey including 1970 adult individuals from the general population in Denmark (50% female), in April 2018. Binary analyses and hierarchical logistic regression with respect to associations between foreign origin, relevant co-factors and problem gambling.

Results

Problem gambling was more common in individuals with foreign origin (15 vs 10%, p = 0.01). In logistic regression, problem gambling was associated with male sex, gambling frequency, foreign origin, psychological distress, smoking, and number of gambling types used. Beliefs about peer gambling did not differ with respect to foreign origin, but were associated with problem gambling until one's own gambling frequency was entered into the model.

Conclusions

When controlling for a number of relevant risk factors, foreign origin still appears to predict problem gambling. Gambling patterns or gambling norms are unlikely to be the sole explanation of the increased prevalence. The findings have implications for preventive work in the foreign born population, and gambling norms may be targeted in screening for at-risk gamblers.

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In the population, problem gambling was more common in first or second generation immigrants.

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The association with problem gambling was not explained by increased gambling norms in the immigrant population instead demonstrated lower beliefs about peer gambling.

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Instead, immigrants demonstrated lower beliefs about peer gambling

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Beliefs about peer gambling were associated with own's problem gambling risk

The Role of Cultural Factors in Differentiating Pathological Gamblers

It is recognised that cultural factors play a role in the onset and continuation of several mental health problems. However, there is a significant lack of empirical studies investigating the relationships between cultural factors and gambling behavior. This study assessed whether the subjective cultures through which subjects interpret and enact their experience of the social environment play a major role in increasing (or decreasing) the probability of pathological gambling. Participants, recruited in three different contexts (public health services for the treatment of addiction, casino, undergraduate course) were subjected to the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) (Lesieur and Blume in Am J Psychiatry 144(9):1184-1188, 1987), in order to identify a group of pathological gamblers-and with the Questionnaire on the Interpretation of the Social Environment (QUISE) (Mossi and Salvatore in Eur J Educ Psychol 4(2):153-169, 2011)-in order to detect their subjective cultures. The study compares pathological group (scoring >5 on SOGS, n = 34) and a healthy control group (scoring <1 on SOGS, n = 35). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare groups on QUISE scores of subjective culture. Moreover, a logistic regression was applied in order to esteem the capability of the QUISE scores to differentiate between pathological gamblers and control. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that pathological group expresses different subjective cultures compared with no gambler subjects. The theoretical and clinical implications of the results are discussed.

Low self-control and co-occurrence of gambling with substance use and delinquency among Chinese adolescents

Relatively little is known about gambling co-morbidity in Asian youth populations. The role of trait self-control in co-morbidity also remains under-explored in the gambling literature. This study examined the association between gambling, substance use and delinquency among Chinese adolescents, and the extent to which these forms of risk behavior are commonly predicted by low self-control. Data from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of a stratified, random sample of 4,734 high school students aged 12-23 years in Hong Kong were analyzed. The prevalence of gambling pathology, frequency and attitudes showed statistically significant, positive and consistent relationships with tobacco use, alcohol use, and delinquent acts at the p < .001 level. Further analyses revealed that low self-control significantly (p < .001) predicts at-risk/probable pathological gambling, frequent gambling, strong permissiveness toward gambling, heavy use of tobacco and alcohol, and delinquent involvement, even after controlling for the potential shared correlates of socioeconomic characteristics, parental monitoring and peer delinquency. Hence, the concept that gambling problems and strong receptivity to gambling are likely to be part of a general problem behavior syndrome is evinced cross-culturally among young people in a Chinese context. It may also be cost-effective to increase intervention efforts to improve the self-control deficit in adolescents, as this should reduce their gambling and concurrent problem behavior.

Surveying the traumatic stress literature: the effective use of bibliographic databases in preparing reviews and meta-analyses

The value of a systematic review or meta-analysis depends upon the care with which it is designed and conducted. A major factor in this is the literature search that identifies the articles to be reviewed. Careful selection of bibliographic databases and the use of well-designed search strategies based on the controlled vocabularies contained in published thesauri are essential to ensure retrieval of all relevant articles. This commentary offers suggestions for identifying the literature to be searched, designing a suitable search strategy, using a controlled vocabulary, and describing the bibliographic methodology underlying a systematic review or meta-analysis.