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Graf MDC, McMahon Bullis M, Lopez AA, Snethen J, Silvestre E, Mkandawire-Valhmu L. A Qualitative Analysis of Latina Migrant Farmworkers' Perception of Mental Health: Voices From Wisconsin. J Transcult Nurs 2024; 35:11-20. [PMID: 37902599 DOI: 10.1177/10436596231207490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite evidence showing Latinos' high prevalence of mental health, little is known about Latina migrant farmworkers' mental health experiences, especially those working in Midwestern states. Considering the multiple vulnerabilities observed among Latina migrant farmworkers, it is necessary to gain insight from own accounts and perceptions of mental health and mental health-seeking experiences. METHOD A qualitative descriptive approach, using in-depth semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions, served to retrieve data from 34 Latina migrant farmworkers. This study was informed by Chicana, postcolonial, and Black feminist epistemologies. RESULTS Thematic analysis identified themes within the data. These findings pertained to the conceptualization of mental health within the contexts of family, capacities, stigma, denial, and faith. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate the need for health care providers to consider Latina migrant farmworkers' perceptions about mental health and apply those in designing and implementing culturally informed policy and practice.
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Gonzalez F, Benuto LT. ¡Yo no Estoy Loca! A Behavioral Health Telenovela Style Entertainment Education Video: Increasing Mental Health Literacy Among Latinas. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:850-861. [PMID: 34595695 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lack of knowledge and negative attitudes towards mental health is linked to low utilization of services among Latinxs. Entertainment-education videos have been effective at increasing literacy and reducing stigma across different health domains but Latinxs have not been a focus of research. We developed an E-E video aimed at reducing stigma and increasing mental health literacy. Focus groups (N = 28) and expert consultants (N = 2) were used to aid in the development of the video. After the video was developed, we conducted a randomized control trial (RCT) in which Latina participants (N = 111) were assigned to view the video or receive an informational brochure. Results indicated that participants in the video intervention condition experienced statistically significant increases in mental health literacy as compared to the participants in the flyer condition and that both the video and the flyer contributed to shifts in stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, MS 0296, Reno, NV, 89509, USA
| | - Lorraine T Benuto
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, MS 0296, Reno, NV, 89509, USA.
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Aghvinian M, Morris EP, Savin MJ, Summers AC, Crook CL, Stiver J, Gonzalez J, Byrd D, Rivera Mindt M. Health Locus of Control and Neurocognitive Function in Latinx and Non-Latinx White People Living With HIV: A Cross-sectional Study. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2022; 33:248-258. [PMID: 34265825 PMCID: PMC8741820 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Research suggests that health locus of control (HLOC) is related to important health and neurocognitive outcomes in people living with HIV. However, the role of ethnicity in these relationships remains poorly understood. This study explored the role of HLOC on neurocognition in a diverse sample of 134 people living with HIV (Latinx: n = 96; non-Latinx White: n = 38) who completed comprehensive neurocognitive evaluations and the Multidimensional HLOC Scale-Form C. Results indicate no ethnocultural differences in HLOC beliefs (ps > .05). External HLOC (i.e., chance and powerful others) related to worse neurocognition in the Latinx group and contributed to significant variance in global neurocognition and learning, memory, and verbal fluency, underscoring the role of external HLOC beliefs on neurocognition, particularly for Latinx individuals. Additional research is needed to better characterize the mechanistic relationship between HLOC beliefs and neurocognitive function and to further explore this relationship among other underrepresented populations also disproportionately affected by HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Aghvinian
- Maral Aghvinian, MA, is a Doctoral Student, Clinical Psychology Program, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA. Emily P. Morris, MS, is a Doctoral Student, Clinical Science Program, University of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA. Micah J. Savin, MA, Angela C. Summers, MA, Cara L. Crook, MA, and Jordan Stiver, MA, are Doctoral Students, Clinical Psychology Program, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA. Jairo Gonzalez, PsyD, is a Clinical Psychologist, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA. Desiree Byrd, PhD, ABPP, is a Board-Certified Clinical Neuropsychologist, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA, and is an Associate Professor, Queens College, Queens, New York, USA. Monica Rivera Mindt, PhD, ABPP, is a Board-Certified Clinical Neuropsychologist, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA, and is a Professor of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA
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Pabayo R, Benny C, Liu SY, Grinshteyn E, Muennig P. Financial Barriers to Mental Healthcare Services and Depressive Symptoms among Residents of Washington Heights, New York City. HISPANIC HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL 2021; 20:184-194. [PMID: 34894792 PMCID: PMC9315193 DOI: 10.1177/15404153211057563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: In the United States, Hispanics are more likely to
experience financial barriers to mental health care than non-Hispanics. We used
a unique survey to study the effect of these financial barriers on the severity
of depressive symptoms among Hispanics who had previously been diagnosed as
having depression. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data
from the 2015 Washington Heights Community Survey, administered to 2,489
households in Manhattan, New York City. Multiple regression models and
propensity score matching were used to estimate the association between
financial barriers to mental health care and depressive symptoms and the
likelihood of being clinically depressed. Results: Among those
diagnosed with depression, those with financial barriers to mental health
services or counseling had significantly higher (β = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.70)
depressive symptoms. When propensity score matching was utilized, those with
financial barriers to mental health services had significantly greater
depressive symptoms (β = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.37, 0.89) and were significantly more
likely to be currently depressed (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.46, 3.89), in comparison
to those who had access. Conclusions: Making mental health care
more affordable and therefore more accessible to Hispanics is one step toward
mitigating the burden on mental illness and decreasing health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pabayo
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claire Benny
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sze Yan Liu
- 8087Montclair State University, Public Health Department, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Erin Grinshteyn
- 16152University of San Francisco, Health Professions Department, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter Muennig
- 33638Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, NY, USA
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Castro-Hostetler M, Greenwald AE, Lewon M. Increasing Access and Quality of Behavior-Analytic Services for the Latinx Population. BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ISSUES 2021; 30:13-38. [PMID: 38624718 PMCID: PMC8437337 DOI: 10.1007/s42822-021-00064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Latinxs are the largest minority group in the United States, making up approximately 18% of the total population. Although there is a critical need for the behavioral health care system, including behavior analysts, to provide services to support the needs of the Latinx community, access to quality behavioral and mental health services continues to be lacking for the Black, Indigenous, and people of color populations. This article highlights some of the cultural and language factors that should be considered by behavior-analytic providers who have a shared responsibility to make culturally and linguistically appropriate services available to this population. Additionally, recommendations for systemic action across service providers, professional organizations, behavior-analytic training programs, and researchers are suggested to address these barriers. Recommendations for bringing about this systemic change are suggested across three domains: (a) increasing diversity in the behavior-analytic workforce, (b) enhancing training in cultural- and language-related issues, and (c) conducting research on cultural and language adaptations to behavior-analytic evidence-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Castro-Hostetler
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, MS 296, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557 USA
| | | | - Matthew Lewon
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, MS 296, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557 USA
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Hispanic Ethnicity as a Predictor of Voice Therapy Adherence. J Voice 2021; 35:329.e1-329.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mendez SEA, Mendez-Luck CA, Nylund-Gibson K, Ng B. Mental Health Attribution for Mexican-Origin Latinx and Non-Latinx Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis. Innov Aging 2020; 4:igaa028. [PMID: 34136663 PMCID: PMC8202504 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Providing appropriate and culturally sensitive care to the rapidly growing number of
U.S. Latinx older adults with psychiatric conditions presents a major public health
challenge. We know little about older Latinx adults’ perceived causes of mental health
problems, offering clinicians limited insight to guide successful and culturally
congruent treatment. Moreover, there is a paucity of mental health research examining
heterogeneity in how Latinx individuals may attribute mental health symptoms. The
present study sought to identify how Latinx and non-Latinx older adults attributed the
sources of their mental health problems and how these types of attributions differ by
ethnicity. Research Design and Methods This study analyzed data collected from a retrospective chart review and survey of 673
adults aged 55–95 years (430 Mexican origin and 244 non-Latinx) from a rural psychiatric
outpatient clinic near the California–Mexico border. We conducted stratified latent
class analysis (LCA) by race/ethnicity to explore the mental health attribution beliefs
of Mexican-origin and non-Latinx clinic patients. Results Different LCA patterns for Mexican-origin Latinx versus non-Latinx groups were found.
For non-Latinx adults, there was a class of individuals who attributed their mental
health issues to social and financial problems. For Mexican-origin adults, there was a
class of individuals who attributed their mental health issues to spiritual and/or
supernatural factors, unaffected by acculturation level, depressive symptom severity,
and time spent in the United States, but differing by gender. We found within-group
heterogeneity: Not all Mexican-origin or non-Latinx older adults were alike in how they
conceptualized their mental health. Discussion and Implications Mexican-origin Latinx and non-Latinx older adults attributed their mental health issues
to different causes. More Mexican-origin older adults attributed their symptoms to
spiritual causes, even after controlling for contextual factors. Further research is
needed to determine whether attribution beliefs are affected by specific mental health
diagnoses and other cultural factors not measured in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E A Mendez
- University of Southern California, University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Bernardo Ng
- Sun Valley Behavioral Research Center, Imperial, California
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Rodriguez A, Ratanasiripong P, Hardaway K, Barron L, Toyama S. Latinx College Students: How Schemas and Attachments Impact Depression and Relationship Satisfaction. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0739986320910165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Latinx college students face challenges regarding depression. The relationships between early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and attachment style on depression and relationship satisfaction were investigated among 236 Latinx college student participants. The Young Schema Questionnaire–Short Form (YSQ-S3) total score was utilized to identify overall schema. Significant correlations were found. Overall schema, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and depression were all positively correlated, while attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and depression were negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction. In multiple regression analyses, Model 1, overall schema and attachment anxiety significantly predicted depression. In Model 2, overall schema, attachment anxiety, and attachment avoidance significantly predicted relationship satisfaction, with EMS acting as a positive predictor. Results suggest that Latinx college students with EMS and anxious attachment style endorse more depression, while the influence of EMS and attachment style on relationship satisfaction needs to be further investigated. Considerations for the use of schema therapy and future research are discussed.
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Zahodne LB, Sol K, Kraal Z. Psychosocial Pathways to Racial/Ethnic Inequalities in Late-Life Memory Trajectories. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 74:409-418. [PMID: 28958051 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Blacks and Hispanics are at increased risk for dementia, even after socioeconomic and vascular factors are taken into account. This study tests a comprehensive model of psychosocial pathways leading to differences in longitudinal cognitive outcomes among older blacks and Hispanics, compared to non-Hispanic whites. METHODS Using data from 10,173 participants aged 65 and older in the Health and Retirement Study, structural equation models tested associations among race/ethnicity, perceived discrimination, depressive symptoms, external locus of control, and 6-year memory trajectories, controlling for age, sex, educational attainment, income, wealth, and chronic diseases. RESULTS Greater perceived discrimination among blacks was associated with lower initial memory level via depressive symptoms and external locus of control, and with faster memory decline directly. Greater depressive symptoms and external locus of control among Hispanics were each independently associated with lower initial memory, but there were no pathways from Hispanic ethnicity to memory decline. DISCUSSION Depression and external locus of control partially mediate racial/ethnic differences in memory trajectories. Perceived discrimination is a major driver of these psychosocial pathways for blacks, but not Hispanics. These results can inform the development of policies and interventions to reduce cognitive morbidity among racially/ethnically diverse older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ketlyne Sol
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Zarina Kraal
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Comprehension and acceptance of the Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy with a Puerto Rican patient diagnosed with advanced cancer: A case study. Palliat Support Care 2019; 18:103-109. [PMID: 31771680 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951519000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP) is a structured psychotherapeutic intervention that aims to improve existential and spiritual well-being in patients with advanced cancer. To validate it, several efficacy studies with predominantly non-Hispanic white patients have been done. Puerto Ricans residing on the island are a largely overlooked segment of the US Latinx population. They have a strong national identity and are embedded in a collectivist culture which shares the Spanish language, cultural traditions, and an emphasis on familism, a cultural factor that values the role of the family in ensuring the well-being of its members. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to present a case study focused on a Puerto Rican advanced cancer patient who underwent MCP to assess the comprehension and acceptance of the MCP intervention. METHOD We used a mixed-methods study design that included the taking of ethnographic notes, and pre- and post-test assessments of the scores the patient received on all the measures (using validated scales). The ethnographic notes were analyzed to determine the participant's comprehension and acceptance of the MCP intervention. Content analysis was performed on the ethnographic notes by three independent coders using a deductive coding approach. Pre- and post-interview assessments were conducted to explore changes in distress, spiritual well-being, and self-perceived quality of life. RESULTS A Latino patient with stage III cancer, low income, and low literacy skills showed low comprehension of the concepts of meaning, the finite, legacy, and moderate comprehension and acceptance of the concepts of the search for hope, purpose in life, connecting with life, courage, life's limitations, and sources of meaning. However, the patient showed high comprehension of death and dying (i.e., meaningful death). The patient showed low acceptance of death and dying concepts and high acceptance of the integration of family members into the therapy. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS Additional studies are needed to address cultural themes and to improve the comprehensibility and acceptance of the manual's content and the central MCP concepts. The findings suggest that MCP has the potential of being a feasible form of psychotherapy for Latinx patients suffering from distress, low spiritual well-being, and low self-perceived QOL.
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Benuto LT, Gonzalez F, Reinosa-Segovia F, Duckworth M. Mental Health Literacy, Stigma, and Behavioral Health Service Use: the Case of Latinx and Non-Latinx Whites. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2019; 6:1122-1130. [DOI: 10.1007/s40615-019-00614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Latino Family Participation in Youth Mental Health Services: Treatment Retention, Engagement, and Response. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2018; 19:329-351. [PMID: 27585812 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-016-0213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although researchers have identified a multitude of factors that contribute to family participation in mental health services, few studies have examined them specifically for Latino youth and their families in the U.S., a population that continues to experience significant disparities related to the availability, accessibility, and quality of mental health services. Latino youth and their families are at greater risk of dropping out of treatment prematurely and demonstrating poor treatment engagement, both of which have subsequent negative effects on treatment response outcomes. In order to help to guide efforts to improve the accessibility and quality of mental health services for Latino youth and their families, the current paper integrates modern conceptualization of family participation in youth mental health services and provides a summary of contextual factors within an ecological framework (Bronfenbrenner in The ecology of human development: experiments by nature and design, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1979). The current review aims to integrate empirical research on the impact of various contextual factors across multiple levels (i.e., culture, community, mental health system, family, parent/caregiver, and child/adolescent) on Latino family participation in youth mental health services, including treatment retention, engagement, and response. Clinical implications will be discussed, and an integrated, conceptual model will be presented. Not only does this model help to demonstrate the way in which existing literature is conceptually linked, but it also helps to highlight factors and underlying processes that health care providers, administrators, and policy makers must consider in working to improve mental health services for Latino youth and their families living in the U.S.
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Knowledge and Preferences Regarding Antidepressant Medication Among Depressed Latino Patients in Primary Care. J Nerv Ment Dis 2017; 205:952-959. [PMID: 29076955 PMCID: PMC5718964 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
US Latinos are less likely to utilize mental health services than non-Latino whites and to take antidepressant medications. This mixed-method study followed a subset (N = 28) of a research sample of depressed Latino immigrant primary care patients, who took depression medication, with a telephone interview to study their knowledge about and experiences with antidepressant medications. Most (82%) reported taking medication for 2 months or more, and 75% reported feeling better, whereas more than half reported side effects. Most (61%) agreed that antidepressants are generally safe and helpful in treating depression (68%); however, many believed they could be addictive (39%). Fifty percent of patients who discontinued their medication did not inform their providers. Twelve of the 28 patients also participated in focus groups about interactions with providers and made suggestions for conveying information about antidepressants. Patients suggested videos as a format to disseminate medication information because they do not require written comprehension. Other patient recommendations are presented.
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Rosales R, Calvo R. "Si Dios Quiere": Fatalismo and use of mental health services among Latinos with a history of depression. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2017; 56:748-764. [PMID: 28696860 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2017.1339760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Latinos are less likely to seek professional mental health care than other groups in the United States. While fatalismo has long been hypothesized to be responsible for this behavior, there is little evidence on this assumption. Using an adapted version of the Behavioral Model of Health Service Use (BMHSU), and a nationally representative sample, this study examined the association between fatalismo and mental health service use among Latinos with a history of depression. Participants (n = 703) were drawn from the 2007 Pew Hispanic Healthcare survey. Results showed that fatalismo was significantly associated with the use of psychiatric care, even after controlling for traditional deterrents of health care access and utilization. The findings underscore the importance of fatalismo in predicting Latinos' use of psychiatric care. Implications for practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rosales
- a Boston College School of Social Work , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Rocío Calvo
- a Boston College School of Social Work , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts , USA
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Pappadis MR, Sander AM, Łukaszewska B, Struchen MA, Leung P, Smith DW. Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention on Reducing Misconceptions Among Ethnic Minorities With Complicated Mild to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 98:751-758. [PMID: 28007444 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention designed to reduce traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related misconceptions among blacks and Latinos with complicated mild to severe TBI. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial with masked 1-month follow-up. SETTING Community. PARTICIPANTS Persons (N=52) with complicated mild to severe TBI (mean best day 1 Glasgow Coma Scale score, 11.27±3.89) were randomly recruited from 141 eligible participants (mean age, 37.71±13.88y; age range, 19-66y; mean months postinjury, 24.69±11.50); 25 participants (48.1%) of participants were black and 27 (51.9%) were Hispanic/Latino. Of the Hispanic/Latino participants, 18 (66.7%) were non-U.S. born and 12 (44.4%) spoke Spanish as their primary language. Twenty-seven individuals were randomized to the educational intervention group and 25 were randomized to the wait-list control group. INTERVENTIONS Single-session educational intervention with written materials provided in English or Spanish. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Forty-item Common Misconceptions about Traumatic Brain Injury Questionnaire administered at baseline and 1-month follow-up. RESULTS After controlling for ethnic and language differences, a significant between-group main effect (P=.010) and a significant time-group interaction for the Common Misconceptions about Traumatic Brain Injury Questionnaire were noted (Wilks Λ=.89; F1,46=6.00; P=.02). The intervention group showed a decrease in TBI misconception percentages, whereas the wait-list control group maintained similar percentages. At 1-month follow-up, the wait-list control group reported more misconceptions than did the intervention group (P=.019). CONCLUSIONS An educational intervention developed to address the recovery process, common symptoms, and ways to handle the symptoms provides promise as a tool to decrease TBI misconceptions among persons from ethnically and educationally diverse backgrounds. The effects of therapist characteristics and the client-therapist relation on outcomes should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique R Pappadis
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX; Brain Injury Research Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX; Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX.
| | - Angelle M Sander
- Brain Injury Research Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann, Houston, TX; Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation & Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Harris Health System, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Center for Neurotrauma Rehabilitation, Houston, TX
| | - Beata Łukaszewska
- Division of Clinical Neuropsychology and Psychology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Patrick Leung
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Dennis W Smith
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX
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