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An B, Zhou L, Liu S, Zheng Y, Li C, Cui F, Yue C, Liu H, Sui Y, Ji C, Yan J, Li Y. Radical Homopolymerization of Linear α-Olefins Enabled by 1,4-Cyano Group Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402511. [PMID: 38634323 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
α-Olefins are valued and abundant building blocks from fossil resources. They are widely used to provide small-molecule or polymeric products. Despite numerous advantages of radical polymerization, it has been well-documented as textbook knowledge that α-olefins and their functionalized derivatives cannot be radically homopolymerized because of the degradative chain transfer side reactions. Herein, we report our studies on the homopolymerization of thiocyanate functionalized α-olefins enabled by 1,4-cyano group migration under radical conditions. By this approach, a library of ABC sequence-controlled polymers with high molecular weights can be prepared. We can also extend this strategy to the homopolymerization of α-substituted styrenic and acylate monomers which are known to be challenging to achieve. Overall, the demonstrated functional group migration radical polymerization could provide new possibilities to synthesize polymers with unprecedented main chain sequences and structures. These polymers are promising candidates for novel polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang An
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Litao Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yaxin Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Changhu Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Feichen Cui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chaowei Yue
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hua Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yang Sui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chonglei Ji
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yifan Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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2
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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Hou G, Wu H, Fu L, Bockstaller MR, Qin X, Zhang L, Matyjaszewski K. Synthesis of Mechanically Robust Very High Molecular Weight Polyisoprene Particle Brushes by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:415-422. [PMID: 38526986 PMCID: PMC11025114 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Linear polyisoprene (PI) and SiO2-g-PI particle brushes were synthesized by both conventional and activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The morphology and solution state study on the particle brushes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirmed the successful grafting of PI ligands on the silica surface. The presence of nanoparticle clusters suggests low grafting density (associated with the limited initiation efficiency of ARGET for PI). Nevertheless, particle brushes with very high molecular weights, Mn > 300,000, were prepared, which significantly improved the dispersion of silica nanoparticles and also contributed to excellent mechanical performance. The reinforcing effects of SiO2 nanofillers and very high molecular weight PI ligands were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) as well as computational simulation for the cured linear PI homopolymer/SiO2-g-PI particle brush bulk films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Guanyi Hou
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 33th Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hanshu Wu
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liye Fu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xuan Qin
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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3
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Altorbaq AS, Alkhodairi H, Mendez NF, Schadler LS, Müller AJ, Kumar SK. Crystallization Kinetics and Mechanical Properties of Miscible Polymer Blend Nanocomposites: Linear versus Grafted Systems. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S. Altorbaq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Husam Alkhodairi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nicholas F. Mendez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Linda S. Schadler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Basque Country University UPV/EHU, Paseo Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque - Basque Science Foundation, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sanat K. Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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4
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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Yu C, Wu H, Olszewski M, Yin R, Zhai Y, Liu T, Coronado A, Matyjaszewski K, Bockstaller MR. Topologically Induced Heterogeneity in Gradient Copolymer Brush Particle Materials. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chenxi Yu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hanshu Wu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Amy Coronado
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Yuan M, Huang D, Zhao Y. Development of Synthesis and Application of High Molecular Weight Poly(Methyl Methacrylate). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132632. [PMID: 35808676 PMCID: PMC9269080 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used in aviation, architecture, medical treatment, optical instruments and other fields because of its good transparency, chemical stability and electrical insulation. However, the application of PMMA largely depends on its physical properties. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, fracture surface energy, shear modulus and Young’s modulus are increased with the increase in molecular weight. Consequently, it is of great significance to synthesize high molecular weight PMMA. In this article, we review the application of conventional free radical polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and coordination polymerization for preparing high molecular weight PMMA. The mechanisms of these polymerizations are discussed. In addition, applications of PMMA are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yuan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0578-2271-458
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Alkhodairi H, Kumar SK. Fracture Toughness of Polymer Interfaces Compatibilized with Nanoparticle Brushes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Husam Alkhodairi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sanat K. Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Kurka DW, Niehues M, Kudruk S, Gerke V, Ravoo BJ. Polythiolactone-Decorated Silica Particles: A Versatile Approach for Surface Functionalization, Catalysis and Encapsulation. Chemistry 2021; 27:7667-7676. [PMID: 33788322 PMCID: PMC8252643 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The surface chemistry of colloidal silica has tremendous effects on its properties and applications. Commonly the design of silica particles is based on their de novo synthesis followed by surface functionalization leading to tailormade properties for a specific purpose. Here, the design of robust "precursor" polymer-decorated silica nano- and microparticles is demonstrated, which allows for easy post-modification by polymer embedded thiolactone chemistry. To obtain this organic-inorganic hybrid material, silica particles (SiO2 P) were functionalized via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) with poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA)-poly(thiolactone acrylamide (PThlAm) co-polymer brushes. Exploiting the versatility of thiolactone post-modification, a system was developed that could be used in three exemplary applications: 1) the straightforward molecular post-functionalization to tune the surface polarity, and therefore the dispersibility in various solvents; 2) the immobilization of metal nanoparticles into the polymer brushes via the in situ formation of free thiols that preserved catalytic activity in a model reaction; 3) the formation of redox-responsive, permeable polymer capsules by crosslinking the thiolactone moieties with cystamine dihydrochloride (CDH) followed by dissolution of the silica core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Werner Kurka
- Organic Chemistry Institute/Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149Münster
- Busso-Peus-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
| | - Maximilian Niehues
- Organic Chemistry Institute/Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149Münster
- Busso-Peus-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
| | - Sergej Kudruk
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of InflammationWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterVon-Esmarch-Straße 5648149 MünsterGermany
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biology of InflammationWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterVon-Esmarch-Straße 5648149 MünsterGermany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute/Center for Soft NanoscienceWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149Münster
- Busso-Peus-Straße 1048149MünsterGermany
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Yin R, Wang Z, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Tuning dispersity of linear polymers and polymeric brushes grown from nanoparticles by atom transfer radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular weight distribution imposes considerable influence on the properties of polymers, making it an important parameter, impacting morphology and structural behavior of polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Słowikowska M, Chajec K, Michalski A, Zapotoczny S, Wolski K. Surface-Initiated Photoinduced Iron-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with ppm Concentration of FeBr 3 under Visible Light. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5139. [PMID: 33202639 PMCID: PMC7697009 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reversible deactivation radical polymerizations with reduced amount of organometallic catalyst are currently a field of interest of many applications. One of the very promising techniques is photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) that is mainly studied for copper catalysts in the solution. Recently, advantageous iron-catalyzed photo-ATRP (photo-Fe-ATRP) compatible with high demanding biological applications was presented. In response to that, we developed surface-initiated photo-Fe-ATRP (SI-photo-Fe-ATRP) that was used for facile synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) brushes with the presence of only 200 ppm of FeBr3/tetrabutylammonium bromide catalyst (FeBr3/TBABr) under visible light irradiation (wavelength: 450 nm). The kinetics of both SI-photo-Fe-ATRP and photo-Fe-ATRP in solution were compared and followed by 1H NMR, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Brush grafting densities were determined using two methodologies. The influence of the sacrificial initiator on the kinetics of brush growth was studied. It was found that SI-photo-Fe-ATRP could be effectively controlled even without any sacrificial initiators thanks to in situ production of ATRP initiator in solution as a result of reaction between the monomer and Br radicals generated in photoreduction of FeBr3/TBABr. The optimized and simplified reaction setup allowed synthesis of very thick (up to 110 nm) PMMA brushes at room temperature, under visible light with only 200 ppm of iron-based catalyst. The same reaction conditions, but with the presence of sacrificial initiator, enabled formation of much thinner layers (18 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Słowikowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Kamila Chajec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Adam Michalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Karol Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.)
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Preparation and Performance of Silica-di-Block Polymer Hybrids for BSA-Resistance Coatings. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163478. [PMID: 32784566 PMCID: PMC7475825 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of tem-responsive and protein-resistance property silica-di-block polymers SiO2-g-PMMA-b-P(PEGMA) hybrids are synthesized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) by the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The morphology in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution, lower critical solution temperature (LCST), surface morphology, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-resistance property, and thermal stability of nanoparticles were analyzed. The results of 1H-NMR, GPC, and TEM prove that the silica-di-block hybrids have been obtained. The silica-di-block hybrids shows the LCST (52–64 °C) in aqueous solution. The hybrid films casted by THF present distributed uniform granular bulges and the film surface is relatively smooth (Ra = 15.4 nm ~ 10.5 nm). The results of QCM-D showed that only a small amount of BSA protein(△f = 18.6 ~ 11.8 Hz) was adsorbed on the surface of the films. The result of XPS also demonstrated that only a small amount of BSA protein was absorbed onto the surface of the film (N% = 1.86). The TGA analyses indicate that the thermal decomposition temperature of hybrids is 288 °C. Thus, it is suggested that the hybrids are served as a suitable coating with BSA resistance property and thermal stability.
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