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Ayache J, Connor A, Marks S, Kuss DJ, Rhodes D, Sumich A, Heym N. Exploring the "Dark Matter" of Social Interaction: Systematic Review of a Decade of Research in Spontaneous Interpersonal Coordination. Front Psychol 2021; 12:718237. [PMID: 34707533 PMCID: PMC8542929 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.718237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal coordination is a research topic that has attracted considerable attention this last decade both due to a theoretical shift from intra-individual to inter-individual processes and due to the development of new methods for recording and analyzing movements in ecological settings. Encompassing spatiotemporal behavioral matching, interpersonal coordination is considered as "social glue" due to its capacity to foster social bonding. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are still unclear and recent findings suggest a complex picture. Goal-oriented joint action and spontaneous coordination are often conflated, making it difficult to disentangle the role of joint commitment from unconscious mutual attunement. Consequently, the goals of the present article are twofold: (1) to illustrate the rapid expansion of interpersonal coordination as a research topic and (2) to conduct a systematic review of spontaneous interpersonal coordination, summarizing its latest developments and current challenges this last decade. By applying Rapid Automatic Keyword Extraction and Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithms, keywords were extracted from PubMed and Scopus databases revealing the large diversity of research topics associated with spontaneous interpersonal coordination. Using the same databases and the keywords "behavioral matching," "interactional synchrony," and "interpersonal coordination," 1,213 articles were identified, extracted, and screened following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. A total of 19 articles were selected using the following inclusion criteria: (1) dynamic and spontaneous interactions between two unacquainted individuals (2) kinematic analyses, and (3) non-clinical and non-expert adult populations. The results of this systematic review stress the proliferation of various definitions and experimental paradigms that study perceptual and/or social influences on the emergence of spontaneous interpersonal coordination. As methods and indices used to quantify interpersonal coordination differ from one study to another, it becomes difficult to establish a coherent picture. This review highlights the need to reconsider interpersonal coordination not as the pinnacle of social interactions but as a complex dynamical process that requires cautious interpretation. An interdisciplinary approach is necessary for building bridges across scattered research fields through opening a dialogue between different theoretical frameworks and consequently provides a more ecological and holistic understanding of human social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ayache
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Connor
- School of Future Environments, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Marks
- School of Future Environments, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daria J. Kuss
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Sumich
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nadja Heym
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Erdös T, Ramseyer FT. Change Process in Coaching: Interplay of Nonverbal Synchrony, Working Alliance, Self-Regulation, and Goal Attainment. Front Psychol 2021; 12:580351. [PMID: 34248727 PMCID: PMC8260835 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.580351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Psychological literature emphasizes that self-regulation is important as goal intentions, goal setting, or implementation intention does not automatically result in effective results in coaching. The question which coaching strategies to apply to strengthening clients' self-regulatory capacities as prerequisites of effective change outcomes remains a black box in coaching. Method: This quantitative study explored clients' self-regulatory mechanisms by addressing how nonverbal synchrony influences clients' cognitive and emotional self-regulation across sessions. One hundred eighty-four coach–client pairs and their evolving change process were observed over 8 months. Video-recorded sessions were assessed with motion energy analysis to automatically capture coach and client nonverbal behavior and quantify nonverbal synchrony at the level of the dyad. Results: Synchrony was differentially associated with clients' post-session questionnaires on result-oriented problem-reflection and self-reflection, affect balance, and working alliance. Network analyses suggested that the association between synchrony and other process variables did not correspond to the previously found positive association between synchrony and positive aspects of alliance or outcome. Instead, this association depended on the level of perceived outcome. Discussion: Coaching success may be predicted by process variables assessed after each session: goal reflection, alliance, and mood all predict successful coaching. The assessment of nonverbal synchrony suggests a state-dependent effect of embodied processes on a coaching outcome that warrants further inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Erdös
- Department of Management and Organization, Amsterdam Business Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fabian T Ramseyer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Ramseyer F, Ebert A, Roser P, Edel M, Tschacher W, Brüne M. Exploring nonverbal synchrony in borderline personality disorder: A double‐blind placebo‐controlled study using oxytocin. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 59:186-207. [DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ramseyer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Institute of Psychology University of Bern Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ebert
- Division of Social Neuropsychiatry and Evolutionary Medicine Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine LWL University Hospital BochumRuhr‐University Bochum Germany
| | - Patrik Roser
- Centre for Addiction Disorders Psychiatric Hospital Königsfelden Psychiatric Services Aargau Academic Hospital of the University of Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Wolfgang Tschacher
- Department of Experimental Psychology University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Bern Switzerland
| | - Martin Brüne
- Division of Social Neuropsychiatry and Evolutionary Medicine Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine LWL University Hospital BochumRuhr‐University Bochum Germany
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Feniger-Schaal R, Warzager D. Getting synchronised in the mirror game: an exploratory study. BODY MOVEMENT AND DANCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17432979.2019.1694071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Feniger-Schaal
- The Center for the Study of Child Development, Graduate School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Danielle Warzager
- The Center for the Study of Child Development, Graduate School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Nonverbal Synchrony of Facial Movements and Expressions Predict Therapeutic Alliance During a Structured Psychotherapeutic Interview. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10919-019-00319-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Objective: In this proof-of-principle study, a convenience sample of 55 dyadic psychotherapy sessions conducted by one therapist was analyzed. This study aimed at exploring physiological synchrony in naturalistic psychotherapy sessions and the association of such synchrony with self-report ratings. Methods: The electrocardiograms and respiration behavior of both therapist and client were monitored simultaneously. Four clients were included, and session outcome was documented by session reports in two clients. From electrocardiograms, heart rate and heart rate variability were derived in consecutive 15-second intervals throughout sessions. Entire sessions (average duration, 51 min) were assessed for physiological synchrony of therapist's and client's respiration, electrocardiogram, heart rate, and heart rate variability. Two methods of synchrony computation were applied to the time series: windowed cross-correlation and correlation of local slopes (concordance). Both methods included surrogate controls using segment-wise shuffling. Results: Significant synchrony of three measures, but not of electrocardiograms, was present in this dataset. In regression models, we found associations between synchronies and alliance ratings, and further self-report variables. Conclusions: Results support the existence of physiological synchrony in this collection of psychotherapy sessions, which speaks for the sympathetic and parasympathetic coupling between this therapist and her clients and its link with ratings of the therapy process. The feasibility of deriving signatures of synchrony of physiological signals with the described methodology was corroborated. The findings now await generalization by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Tschacher
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Meier
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Gaggioli A, Falletta EM, Ferrise F, Graziosi S, Gallace A, D’Ausilio A, Cipresso P, Riva G, Chirico A. Effects of Interpersonal Sensorimotor Synchronization on Dyadic Creativity: Gender Matters. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2604. [PMID: 30778324 PMCID: PMC6369364 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is noted that interpersonal sensorimotor coordination can influence several high-level socio-cognitive processes, its impact on creative collaboration is nearly unexplored. Here, we investigated the effects of a form of sensorimotor coordination, that is, sensorimotor synchronization, on a subsequent creative collaboration task. 60 pairs (n total = 120 participants) formed by previously unacquainted individuals performed a tower-building task either jointly or alone, followed by a dyadic creativity task. Tower building time in the joint condition was recorded through a sensorized platform and creativity performance was evaluated by two independent raters based on the quantity and quality of generated ideas. We controlled for gender composition and for the disposition to cooperate and to adopt a creative, analytical style. Results showed that male-male couples were more creative after the joint-action condition, whereas female-female and mixed-gender couples were more creative after the solo condition. Regression analyses of tower building time on creativity performance revealed that building time was a significant predictor of creativity dimensions in male-male and in mixed-gender couples but did not predict creative performance in female-female couples. Overall, these findings suggest that the manipulation of sensorimotor coordination can influence performance in a subsequent creative collaboration task, with the nature, and magnitude of this effect depending on the gender composition of the dyads. These results have potential implications for the design of sensorimotor-based strategies to enhance dyadic creative performance in several contexts, especially for the organizational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gaggioli
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Ferrise
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Graziosi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Gallace
- Department of Psychology and Milan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro D’Ausilio
- Center of Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC), Universitá di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Sezione di Fisiologia Umana, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Chirurgico Specialistiche, Universitá di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pietro Cipresso
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Riva
- Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Chirico
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Feniger-Schaal R, Hart Y, Lotan N, Koren-Karie N, Noy L. The Body Speaks: Using the Mirror Game to Link Attachment and Non-verbal Behavior. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1560. [PMID: 30190699 PMCID: PMC6115809 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mirror Game (MG) is a common exercise in dance/movement therapy and drama therapy. It is used to promote participants' ability to enter and remain in a state of togetherness. In spite of the wide use of the MG by practitioners, it is only recently that scientists begun to use the MG in research, examining its correlates, validity, and reliability. This study joins this effort by reporting on the identification of scale items to describe the non-verbal behavior expressed during the MG and its correlation to measures of attachment. Thus, we explored the application of the MG as a tool for assessing the embodiment of attachment in adulthood. Forty-eight participants (22 females, mean age = 33.2) played the MG with the same gender-matched expert players. All MG were videotaped. In addition, participants were evaluated on two central measurements of attachment in adulthood: The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and the Experience in Close Relationship questionnaire (ECR). To analyze the data, we developed the "MG scale" that coded the non-verbal behavior during the movement interaction, using 19 parameters. The sub-scales were reduced using factor analysis into two dimensions referred to as "together" and "free." The free factor was significantly correlated to both measurements of attachment: Participants classified as having secure attachment on the AAI, received higher scores on the MG free factor than participants classified as insecure [t(46) = 7.858, p = 0.000]. Participants, who were high on the avoidance dimension on the ECR, were low on the MG free factor [r(48) = -0.285, p = 0.007]. This is the first study to examine the MG as it is used by practitioners and its correlation to highly standardized measures. This exploratory study may be considered as part of the first steps of exploring the MG as a standardized assessment tool. The advantages of the MG as a simple, non-verbal movement interaction demonstrate some of the strengths of dance/movement and drama therapy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Feniger-Schaal
- The Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- The Graduate School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuval Hart
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Nava Lotan
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nina Koren-Karie
- The Center for the Study of Child Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lior Noy
- Arison School of Business, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
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