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Yang Z, Li A, Roske C, Alexander N, Gabbay V. Personality traits as predictors of depression across the lifespan. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:274-283. [PMID: 38537757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major public health concern. A barrier for research has been the heterogeneous nature of depression, complicated by the categorical diagnosis of depression which is based on a cluster of symptoms, each with its own etiology. To address the multifactorial etiology of depression and its high comorbidity with anxiety, we aimed to examine the relations between personality traits, diverse behavioral, cognitive and physical measures, and depression and anxiety over the lifespan. METHOD Our sample was drawn from the NKI-RS, a community-based lifespan sample (N = 1494 participants aged 6 to 85). Analyses included multivariate approach and general linear models for group comparisons and dimensional analyses, respectively. A machine learning model was trained to predict depression using many factors including personality traits. RESULTS Depression and anxiety were both characterized by increased neuroticism and introversion, but did not differ between themselves. Comorbidity had an additive effect on personality vulnerability. Dimensionally, depression was only associated with personality in adolescence, where it was positively correlated with neuroticism, and negatively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The relationship between anxiety and personality changed over time, with neuroticism and conscientiousness being the most salient traits. Our machine learning model predicted depression with 70 % accuracy with neuroticism and extraversion contributing most. LIMITATIONS Due to the cross-sectional design, conclusions cannot be drawn about causal relationships between personality and depression. CONCLUSION These results underscore the impact of personality on depressive disorders and provide novel insights on how personality contributes to depression across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Allison Li
- Psychological and Behavioural Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Chloe Roske
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nolan Alexander
- Department of Systems Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Vilma Gabbay
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Sousa V, Silva PR, Romão AM, Coelho VA. Can an Universal School-Based Social Emotional Learning Program Reduce Adolescents' Social Withdrawal and Social Anxiety? J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:2404-2416. [PMID: 37592193 PMCID: PMC10495480 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of studies analyzing if universal school-based Social and Emotional Learning programs can reduce social withdrawal and social anxiety. This study analyzed the effectiveness of one such program on those variables, and the role of individual school climate perceptions. In this nationwide study, 704 seventh to eighth-grade Portuguese students (Mage = 12.96, SD = 1.09, 48% girls), of which 215 (30.6%) in the comparison group, were assessed at pretest, post-test, and follow-up seven months later. Analyses showed positive intervention results in self- and teacher-reported social withdrawal and social anxiety. Regarding school climate, intervention group students with more positive teacher-student relationships benefitted more from program participation in social anxiety. These results support the program's effectiveness for addressing social withdrawal and social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Sousa
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento, Universidade Lusíada Porto, Rua de Moçambique, 21 e 71, 4100-348, Porto, Portugal.
- Académico de Torres Vedras, Travessa do Quebra-Costas, 9, 2560-703, Torres Vedras, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Ribeiro Silva
- Académico de Torres Vedras, Travessa do Quebra-Costas, 9, 2560-703, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Romão
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento, Universidade Lusíada Porto, Rua de Moçambique, 21 e 71, 4100-348, Porto, Portugal
- Académico de Torres Vedras, Travessa do Quebra-Costas, 9, 2560-703, Torres Vedras, Portugal
| | - Vítor Alexandre Coelho
- Centro de Investigação em Psicologia para o Desenvolvimento, Universidade Lusíada Porto, Rua de Moçambique, 21 e 71, 4100-348, Porto, Portugal
- Académico de Torres Vedras, Travessa do Quebra-Costas, 9, 2560-703, Torres Vedras, Portugal
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3
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Cao X, Liu X. Understanding the Role of Parent‒Child Relationships in Conscientiousness and Neuroticism Development among Chinese Middle School Students: A Cross-Lagged Model. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:876. [PMID: 37887526 PMCID: PMC10604318 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The parent‒child relationship is a crucial factor in promoting adolescent mental health. However, the current evidence on the relationship between parent‒child relationships and adolescent conscientiousness and neuroticism, as well as the directionality of these relationships, remains limited. In particular, there is a lack of analysis focusing on Chinese middle school students. Based on a sample of 8437 students from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) database, this study empirically examined the bidirectional relationships between parent‒child relationships, conscientiousness and neuroticism among Chinese middle school students, with specific emphasis on the significant role of parent‒child relationships in the development of conscientiousness and neuroticism. Descriptive statistical results indicated that during the seventh and eighth grades of Chinese middle school students, the closeness of their parent‒child relationships with both parents decreased, while the level of conscientiousness showed a slight decrease, and neuroticism showed an increasing trend. Correlational results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between parent‒child relationships and conscientiousness and a significant negative correlation between parent‒child relationships and neuroticism. Further analysis using cross-lagged models revealed that parent‒child relationships significantly positively predicted subsequent conscientiousness development, and conscientiousness significantly positively predicted subsequent parent‒child relationships. Parent‒child relationships significantly negatively predicted subsequent neuroticism development, and neuroticism levels also significantly negatively predicted subsequent parent‒child relationships. Based on these findings, we believe that there is a need to strengthen parent‒child relationships and to recognize the important role that both mothers and fathers play in the healthy development of their children. Both parents should actively contribute to their children's upbringing and take responsibility for their family education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Cao
- Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinqiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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4
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Wang T, Li Q, Liu H, Shi Q, Yang F, Zhang B, Ahmed F, Jian W, Guo J. Gender difference in the relationship between personality traits and changes in depressive symptoms before and after the COVID-19 outbreak: A follow-up study among Chinese adults. J Affect Disord 2023; 326:49-56. [PMID: 36709830 PMCID: PMC9877321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing depressive symptoms have become an urgent public health concern worldwide. This study aims to explore the correlation between personality traits and changes in depressive symptoms before and after the COVID-19 outbreak and to examine the gender difference in this association further. METHODS Data were obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS, wave in 2018 and 2020). A total of 16,369 residents aged 18 and above were included in this study. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine whether personality traits were associated with changes in depressive symptoms. We also analyzed whether there was an interaction effect of gender and personality traits on depressive symptoms. RESULTS Conscientiousness, extroversion, and agreeableness are negatively associated with depressive symptoms, while neuroticism and openness are positively related. Gender moderates the relationship between personality traits and depressive symptoms. Compared to men, women have demonstrated a stronger association between neuroticism (OR = 0.79; 95 % CI = 0.66, 0.94), conscientiousness (OR = 1.40; 95 % CI = 1.15, 1.69), and persistent depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS Given its longitudinal study design, it is insufficient to draw a causal inference between personality traits and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Personality traits and their various dimensions are correlated with changes in depressive symptoms. Persistent depressive symptoms are positively related to neuroticism and negatively associated with conscientiousness. Women demonstrate a stronger association between personality traits and persistent depressive symptoms. Thus, in Chinese adults' mental health intervention and prevention programs, personality and gender-specific strategies should be considered, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaosheng Li
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoxin Shi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Farooq Ahmed
- Department of Anthropology, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Weiyan Jian
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Jeong S, Aymerich-Franch L, Arias K, Alghowinem S, Lapedriza A, Picard R, Park HW, Breazeal C. Deploying a robotic positive psychology coach to improve college students' psychological well-being. USER MODELING AND USER-ADAPTED INTERACTION 2023; 33:571-615. [PMID: 38737788 PMCID: PMC11086679 DOI: 10.1007/s11257-022-09337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Despite the increase in awareness and support for mental health, college students' mental health is reported to decline every year in many countries. Several interactive technologies for mental health have been proposed and are aiming to make therapeutic service more accessible, but most of them only provide one-way passive contents for their users, such as psycho-education, health monitoring, and clinical assessment. We present a robotic coach that not only delivers interactive positive psychology interventions but also provides other useful skills to build rapport with college students. Results from our on-campus housing deployment feasibility study showed that the robotic intervention showed significant association with increases in students' psychological well-being, mood, and motivation to change. We further found that students' personality traits were associated with the intervention outcomes as well as their working alliance with the robot and their satisfaction with the interventions. Also, students' working alliance with the robot was shown to be associated with their pre-to-post change in motivation for better well-being. Analyses on students' behavioral cues showed that several verbal and nonverbal behaviors were associated with the change in self-reported intervention outcomes. The qualitative analyses on the post-study interview suggest that the robotic coach's companionship made a positive impression on students, but also revealed areas for improvement in the design of the robotic coach. Results from our feasibility study give insight into how learning users' traits and recognizing behavioral cues can help an AI agent provide personalized intervention experiences for better mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sharifa Alghowinem
- MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer and Information Sciences College at Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Agata Lapedriza
- MIT Media Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Estudis d’Informàtica, Multimèdia i Telecomunicacióat Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Lan X, Wang C, Cui G. Peer Relationship Profiles among Early Adolescents from Low-Income Families: The Unique and Combined Effects of Attachment to Mothers and Conscientiousness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4349. [PMID: 36901358 PMCID: PMC10002007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Using research data gathered from multiple sources, the current study explored positive aspects of peer relationship profiles (indexed by peer-nominated acceptance and self-reported friendships) in a person-centered approach among early adolescents from low-income families. Moreover, this study investigated the unique and combined associations of adolescents' attachment to mothers and parent-rated conscientiousness with emerging peer relationship profiles. A total of 295 early adolescents (42.7% girls; Mage = 10.94, SD = 0.80) were involved in this study. Latent profile analysis identified three empirically derived peer relationship profiles: "isolated" (14.6%), "socially competent" (16.3%), and "average" (69.1%). Moderation analyses further showed that adolescents with secure attachment to mothers tend to have group memberships in socially competent and average profiles than the isolated profile. Such an association pattern was more heightened for those with higher conscientiousness (versus lower conscientiousness).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lan
- Promenta Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Chen Wang
- Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Guanyu Cui
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Research Center for Psychology and Behavior, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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7
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Аврамчук О. РОЛЬ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ВІДСТОРОНЕННЯ ТА ВІДКИНЕННЯ У ПАТОГЕНЕЗІ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ТРИВОЖНОГО РОЗЛАДУ: ОГЛЯД ЗАКОРДОННОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ. PSYCHOLOGICAL PROSPECTS JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.29038/2227-1376-2022-40-avr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Мета: теоретично проаналізувати роль соціального відсторонення та відкинення у патогенезі соціального тривожного розладу як модифікуючих факторів вразливості.
Методи. Пошук попередніх досліджень здійснювався за допомогою сервісів PubMed, Web-of-Science та Research Gate за наступними критеріями: дослідження стосувалися осіб, які мали встановлений діагноз соціальний тривожний розлад або належали до субклінічної групи; була проведена первинна оцінка чи аналіз впливу соціального відсторонення та відкинення; фокусом уваги досліджень соціальна фобія та/чи соціальне відсторонення/відкинення.
Результати. Опрацьовуючи дану проблематику було проаналізовано понад 214 наукових статей, з яких переважна частина опубліковані після 2017 року. У відповідності до критеріїв було обрано 30 статей. За результатами аналізу даних встановлено, що засвоєння соціального травматичного досвіду та підвищений рівень нейротизму сприяють формуванню непродуктивних когнітивних стратегій оцінювання («передбачення катастрофи») соціальних ситуацій й себе в них та відповідних їх змісту поведінкових стратегій уникнення через страх соціального відкинення, що безпосередньо знижує соціальну ефективність особи. Недостатня усвідомленість власних емоцій та викривлені переконання навколо них, стимулюючи уникнення й соціальне відсторонення як запобіжний засіб, обумовлюють високі показники соціальної тривожності, посилюють сприйняття соціальної загрози й зменшують сприйняття контролю над нею, та як наслідок актуалізують патерни травматичного досвіду, який особа намагалася уникнути. Опанування суб’єктивного емоційного досвіду за умов обмежених ресурсів життєвих обставин (як пандемія, проблемні стосунки, тривала ситуація невизначеності тощо) підсилюють вразливість до соціального тривожного розладу як непродуктивної копінг стратегії.
Висновки. Уникнення емоційного досвіду та підтримання не коригуючого досвіду стосунків через страх бути відкинутим може закріплювати дисфункційний цикл когнітивних переконань щодо себе й світу у патогенезі соціальної фобії й знаходити свій прояв у соціальній відстороненості.
Ключові слова: уникаюча поведінка, соціальна травма, ранні дисфункційні схеми, стигма, COVID-19.
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Gil M, Kim SS, Min EJ. Machine learning models for predicting risk of depression in Korean college students: Identifying family and individual factors. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1023010. [PMID: 36466485 PMCID: PMC9714606 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1023010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses among college students worldwide. Using the family triad dataset, this study investigated machine learning (ML) models to predict the risk of depression in college students and identify important family and individual factors. Methods This study predicted college students at risk of depression and identified significant family and individual factors in 171 family data (171 fathers, mothers, and college students). The prediction accuracy of three ML models, sparse logistic regression (SLR), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), was compared. Results The three ML models showed excellent prediction capabilities. The RF model showed the best performance. It revealed five significant factors responsible for depression: self-perceived mental health of college students, neuroticism, fearful-avoidant attachment, family cohesion, and mother's depression. Additionally, the logistic regression model identified five factors responsible for depression: the severity of cancer in the father, the severity of respiratory diseases in the mother, the self-perceived mental health of college students, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. Discussion These findings demonstrated the ability of ML models to accurately predict the risk of depression and identify family and individual factors related to depression among Korean college students. With recent developments and ML applications, our study can improve intelligent mental healthcare systems to detect early depressive symptoms and increase access to mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Gil
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suk-Sun Kim
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea,Ewha Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Suk-Sun Kim
| | - Eun Jeong Min
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea,Eun Jeong Min
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9
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Ho CSH, Chua J, Tay GWN. The diagnostic and predictive potential of personality traits and coping styles in major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:301. [PMID: 35484526 PMCID: PMC9047339 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global public health concern that is notably underdiagnosed and undertreated due to its complexity and subjective diagnostic methods. A holistic diagnostic procedure, which sufficiently considers all possible contributors to MDD symptoms, would improve MDD diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to explore whether personality and coping styles can predict MDD status and differentiate between depressed patients and healthy individuals. METHODS Seventy healthy controls (N = 54 females) were matched to 70 MDD patients for age, sex, ethnicity, and years of education. MDD severity was measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, while personality traits and coping styles were measured by the Ten-Item Personality (TIPI) and Brief COPE questionnaires, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the diagnostic and predictive potential of personality and coping styles. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were also conducted to examine their discriminative ability to distinguish between depressed and healthy individuals. RESULTS Introversion, lack of organisation skills, and neuroticism were statistically significant in predicting MDD status. Dysfunctional coping strategies, such as denial and self-blame, were also shown to significantly predict MDD status. ROC analyses found both the TIPI questionnaire (AUC = 0.90), and dysfunctional coping (as measured by Brief COPE) (AUC = 0.90) to be excellent predictors of MDD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the diagnostic and predictive potential of personality and coping styles for MDD in the clinical setting. They also demonstrate the remarkable ability of personality and coping styles to differentiate between depressed patients and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus S. H. Ho
- grid.410759.e0000 0004 0451 6143Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J. Chua
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gabrielle W. N. Tay
- grid.410759.e0000 0004 0451 6143Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Grella ON, Dunlap A, Nicholson AM, Stevens K, Pittman B, Corbera S, Diefenbach G, Pearlson G, Assaf M. Personality as a mediator of autistic traits and internalizing symptoms in two community samples. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:81. [PMID: 35346350 PMCID: PMC8962582 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social functioning and is comorbid with internalizing disorders and symptoms. While personality is associated with these symptoms and social functioning in non-ASD samples, its role mediating the relationship between ASD traits and internalizing symptoms is not clear. Methods We studied the mediating effect of personality on the correlations between ASD traits and internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress) in two samples. Additionally, we explored the moderating effect of gender. Analyses were applied to a small (Study 1; N = 101) undergraduate sample. A broader sample recruited via an online crowdsourcing platform (Study 2; N = 371) was used to validate the results. Results Study 1’s mediation analyses revealed that neuroticism was the only significant mediator. Study 2 replicated these results by finding extraversion to be an additional mediator for anxiety and extraversion, openness, and agreeableness as additional mediators for stress. Moderation analyses revealed that gender was never a significant moderator. Conclusions These results support the effects of personality on the relationship between autism traits and internalizing symptoms. Future research should explore these effects in clinical samples to better understand the role of personality in symptomatology and the need to address it as part of intervention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-022-00774-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia N Grella
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 061016, USA.
| | - Amanda Dunlap
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 061016, USA
| | - Alycia M Nicholson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 061016, USA
| | - Kimberly Stevens
- Anxiety Disorders Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Brian Pittman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Silvia Corbera
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 061016, USA.,Department of Psychological Science, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, USA
| | - Gretchen Diefenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Anxiety Disorders Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 061016, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michal Assaf
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT, 061016, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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11
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Edler JS, Manz K, Rojas-Perilla N, Baumeister H, Cohrdes C. The role of personality traits and social support in relations of health-related behaviours and depressive symptoms. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:52. [PMID: 35065643 PMCID: PMC8784003 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence has suggested that physically inactive individuals and extensive media users are at high risk for experiencing depressive symptoms. We examined personality traits and perceived social support as potential moderators of this association. Personality and perceived social support were included as two of the most frequently considered variables when determining predispositioning factors for media use phenomena also discussed in relation to physical activity. METHODS We analysed cross-sectional data from 1402 adults (18-31 years old) who participated in a national health survey in Germany (KiGGS, Study on the health of children and adolescents in Germany, wave 2). The data included one-week accelerometer assessments as objective indicators of physical activity, self-reported media use, depressive symptoms, perceived social support and Big 5 personality traits. An elastic net regression model was fit with depressive symptoms as outcome. Ten-fold cross-validation was implemented. RESULTS Amongst the main effects, we found that high media use was positively correlated with depressive symptoms, whereas physical activity was not correlated. Looking at support and individual differences as moderators, revealed that PC use was more strongly correlated with depressive symptoms in cases of low levels of perceived social support. Positive associations of social media use with depressive symptoms were more pronounced, whereas negative associations of moderate to vigorous physical activity with depressive symptoms were less pronounced in extraverts than they were in introverts. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of considering individual factors for deriving more valid recommendations on protective health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna-Sophie Edler
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Unit 26 Mental Health, PO Box 650261, 13302, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kristin Manz
- Physical Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Rojas-Perilla
- Department of Analytics in the Digital Era, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Caroline Cohrdes
- Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Unit 26 Mental Health, PO Box 650261, 13302, Berlin, Germany
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Sureda-Garcia I, Valera-Pozo M, Sanchez-Azanza V, Adrover-Roig D, Aguilar-Mediavilla E. Associations Between Self, Peer, and Teacher Reports of Victimization and Social Skills in School in Children With Language Disorders. Front Psychol 2021; 12:718110. [PMID: 34867596 PMCID: PMC8634164 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.718110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that teachers and parents of children with language disorders report them to have higher victimization scores, a heightened risk of low-quality friendships and social difficulties, and may be more vulnerable to peer rejection than control peers. However, there are few studies of bullying in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and reading difficulties (RD), and none has considered the mutual relationships between teacher reports, the perceptions of classmates, and children's self-reports. We analyzed the experiences of bullying and peer relationships in primary school students with DLD and RD as compared to their age-matched peers using teacher reports, peer reports, and self-reports on victimization. Additionally, we explored how these three perspectives are associated. Results indicated lower levels of peer-rated prosocial skills in DLD and RD students compared to their peers, as well as higher levels of victimization as assessed by peers for students with DLD. In the same line, the teachers' ratings showed that students with DLD presented poorer social skills, less adaptability, and more withdrawal in social interaction. Contrastingly, self-reports informed of similar rates of interpersonal relationships, social stress, and peer victimization between the three groups. Consequently, we found significant correlations between measures of peer reports and teacher reports that contrasted with the lack of correlations between self and other agents' reports. These findings stress the importance of using self-reports, peer reports, and teacher reports at the same time to detect bullying situations that might go unnoticed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Adrover-Roig
- Department of Applied Pedagogy and Educational Psychology, Institute of Research and Innovation in Education, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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13
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The social withdrawal and social anxiety feedback loop and the role of peer victimization and acceptance in the pathways. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 32:1402-1417. [PMID: 31668152 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Social withdrawal and social anxiety are believed to have a bidirectional influence on one another, but it is unknown if their relationship is bidirectional, especially within person, and if peer experiences influence this relationship. We investigated temporal sequencing and the strength of effects between social withdrawal and social anxiety, and the roles of peer victimization and acceptance in the pathways. Participants were 2,772 adolescents from the population-based and clinically referred cohorts of the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey. Self- and parent-reported withdrawal, and self-reported social anxiety, peer victimization, and perceived peer acceptance were assessed at 11, 13, and 16 years. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to investigate within-person associations between these variables. There was no feedback loop between withdrawal and social anxiety. Social withdrawal did not predict social anxiety at any age. Social anxiety at 11 years predicted increased self-reported withdrawal at 13 years. Negative peer experiences predicted increased self- and parent-reported withdrawal at 13 years and increased parent-reported withdrawal at 16 years. In turn, self-reported withdrawal at 13 years predicted negative peer experiences at 16 years. In conclusion, adolescents became more withdrawn when they became more socially anxious or experienced greater peer problems, and increasing withdrawal predicted greater victimization and lower acceptance.
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14
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Levine SM, Alahäivälä ALI, Wechsler TF, Wackerle A, Rupprecht R, Schwarzbach JV. Linking Personality Traits to Individual Differences in Affective Spaces. Front Psychol 2020; 11:448. [PMID: 32231631 PMCID: PMC7082752 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Different individuals respond differently to emotional stimuli in their environment. Therefore, to understand how emotions are represented mentally will ultimately require investigations into individual-level information. Here we tasked participants with freely arranging emotionally charged images on a computer screen according to their subjective emotional similarity (yielding a unique affective space for each participant) and subsequently sought external validity of the layout of the individuals’ affective spaces through the five-factor personality model (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) assessed via the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Applying agglomerative hierarchical clustering to the group-level affective space revealed a set of underlying affective clusters whose within-cluster dissimilarity, per individual, was then correlated with individuals’ personality scores. These cluster-based analyses predominantly revealed that the dispersion of the negative cluster showed a positive relationship with Neuroticism and a negative relationship with Conscientiousness, a finding that would be predicted by prior work. Such results demonstrate the non-spurious structure of individualized emotion information revealed by data-driven analyses of a behavioral task (and validated by incorporating psychological measures of personality) and corroborate prior knowledge of the interaction between affect and personality. Future investigations can similarly combine hypothesis- and data-driven methods to extend such findings, potentially yielding new perspectives on underlying cognitive processes, disease susceptibility, or even diagnostic/prognostic markers for mental disorders involving emotion dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Levine
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aino L I Alahäivälä
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Theresa F Wechsler
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja Wackerle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jens V Schwarzbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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15
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Zhang X, Wu Y, Liu S. Exploring short-form video application addiction: Socio-technical and attachment perspectives. TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2019.101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Freitas M, Santos AJ, Ribeiro O, Daniel JR, Rubin KH. Prosocial Behavior and Friendship Quality as Moderators of the Association Between Anxious Withdrawal and Peer Experiences in Portuguese Young Adolescents. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2783. [PMID: 30687206 PMCID: PMC6336729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxious withdrawal has been associated consistently with adverse peer experiences. However, research has also shown that there is significant heterogeneity among anxiously withdrawn youth. Further, extant research has focused primarily on negative peer experiences and outcomes; little is known about the more successful social experiences of anxiously withdrawn youth. We explored the possibility that the association between anxious withdrawal and group-level peer outcomes (exclusion, victimization, and popularity) might be moderated by peer-valued behaviors (prosocial behavior), friendship relational attributes, and sex, even after accounting for the effects of being involved in a reciprocal best friendship. Peer nominations of psychosocial functioning, and self-reports of best friendships and friendship quality were collected in a community sample of 684 Portuguese young adolescents. Regression analyses revealed that more anxious withdrawn adolescents showed worst group-level peer outcomes, but that: (a) prosocial behavior buffered the positive association between anxious-withdrawal and peer exclusion, particularly for boys; (b) higher friendship quality was associated with lower risk of peer victimization for more anxious-withdrawn girls, but with a higher risk for more anxious withdrawn boys; and (c) higher friendship conflict buffered the positive association between anxious withdrawal and peer exclusion for boys. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of peer-valued characteristics on the peer group experiences of anxiously withdrawn young adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Freitas
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António J Santos
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Olívia Ribeiro
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João R Daniel
- William James Center for Research, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kenneth H Rubin
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
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