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Eklund R, Hjelmfors L, Nyquist S, Sveen J, Hultström M, Lipcsey M, Frithiof R, Wallin E, Larsson IM, Arnberg FK, Orwelius L. Surviving COVID-19: patients' experiences of care and path to recovery. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2301953. [PMID: 38184794 PMCID: PMC10773674 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2301953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine patients' experiences of receiving care on an ICU for COVID-19 and the subsequent rehabilitation process. METHODS An explorative and inductive design was used. Participants were recruited from two university hospitals in Sweden. Patients admitted to the ICU due to COVID-19 from March 2020 to April 2021, who enrolled in the ICU follow-up, and understood and spoke Swedish were invited to participate. In total, 20 participants completed a semi-structured interview, of whom 18 were included in the thematic analysis. RESULTS The analysis resulted in two themes: "An isolated world with silver linings" and "Recovery in the wake of the pandemic". Findings show that patients cared for on an ICU for COVID-19 during the pandemic felt safe but experienced a sense of vulnerability. After discharge, physical rehabilitation was a slow process with frustrating day-to-day fluctuations. Mentally, participants felt isolated, fatigued, and emotionally sensitive. Patients reported that love and support from family and friends were crucial for the recovery process. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the challenges of recovering from COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of continued support from health care, public services, family and friends. It provides important insights into patients' experiences and can inform future healthcare strategies and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakel Eklund
- National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Hjelmfors
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sophia Nyquist
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josefin Sveen
- National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michael Hultström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miklos Lipcsey
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Hedenstierna Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ewa Wallin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ing-Marie Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Filip K. Arnberg
- National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lotti Orwelius
- Department of Intensive Care, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
- Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Weststrate NM, Turner K, McLean KC. Intergenerational Storytelling as a Developmental Resource in LGBTQ+ Communities. J Homosex 2024; 71:1626-1651. [PMID: 37104778 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2023.2202295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
LGBTQ+ people continue to be threatened by systemic censorship and erasure in public spaces and discourses, making community-based resources for positive development crucial. In this study, we examined one such developmental resource-LGBTQ+ intergenerational storytelling about cultural-historical events. LGBTQ+ adults (N = 495) ranging in age from 17 to 80 years (M = 39.22, SD = 19.89) responded to an online survey about LGBTQ+ intergenerational storytelling and relationships. Results showed that although LGBTQ+ intergenerational storytelling was reported to occur infrequently, sharing stories across generations was considered important, and LGBTQ+ people desired even greater intergenerational connection. Intergenerational narratives reported by participants were primarily about cultural-historical events involving adversity and oppression (e.g. AIDS crisis), policy and legislation (e.g. marriage equality), and protest, resistance, and activism (e.g. Stonewall uprising). Stories were mostly told by older friends in private or social settings for the purpose of passing on LGBTQ+ history. Lessons learned through storytelling were diverse but tended to focus on appreciation and affirmation. Valuing intergenerational storytelling was associated with positive psychosocial identity. This study suggests that intergenerational storytelling may be an important developmental resource for LGBTQ+ people and other marginalized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nic M Weststrate
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kit Turner
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
| | - Kate C McLean
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA
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Cohen R, Ray GE, Deptula DP, Lubin AH. The social contexts of behaviors and relationships: The relation of classroom and cyber victimization to number of classroom and cyber friends. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 242:105887. [PMID: 38430870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Behaviors and relationships exist within a variety of social contexts. More specifically for the current research, victimization and friendships occur in classrooms and, increasingly, in online virtual contexts. The current research examined how the number of classroom friends and number of cyber friends related to the extent of classroom victimization and extent of cyber victimization. Research has demonstrated the importance of face-to-face friendships in relation to being a victim; much less is known about the role of cyber friends in relation to being a cyber victim or how these relationships may play a role in cross-context victimization. Participants were 350 children from Grades 3 through 5 (188 girls and 162 boys). Children indicated classroom friends on a classroom roster, reported the number of their cyber friends, and indicated the extent of their cyber victimization. Peers nominated classmates for classroom victimization behaviors. A path analysis revealed that number of classroom friends was negatively associated with both extent of classroom victimization and extent of cyber victimization. Number of cyber friends was positively associated with extent of cyber victimization and was negatively related to extent of classroom victimization. Discussion of results includes the construction, use, and adaptation of social skills within and between social contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Cohen
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| | - Glen E Ray
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, USA
| | - Daneen P Deptula
- Department of Psychological Science, Fitchburg State University, Fitchburg, MA 01420, USA
| | - Ava H Lubin
- College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
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Hunter SC, Seth R, Houghton S, Lawrence D, Zadow C, Rosenberg M, Wood L, Qualter P, Shilton T. Trajectories of Loneliness During Adolescence Predict Subsequent Symptoms of Depression and Positive Wellbeing. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1078-1090. [PMID: 38129340 PMCID: PMC10980621 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to identify the outcomes of changes in loneliness during adolescence, and to consider this within a multidimensional framework of loneliness. This study considered the effects of different trajectories of change in Isolation Loneliness and in Friendship Loneliness upon both positive wellbeing and symptoms of depression. To achieve this, 1782 (43% female; 12.92 years old at the start of the study, SD = 1.60) young people took part in a longitudinal study with four data points across 2 years. Four Isolation Loneliness trajectories and five Friendship Loneliness trajectories were identified. Youth who experienced low levels of Isolation Loneliness that subsequently increased appear to be at particular risk for poor outcomes. Similarly, initially high levels of Friendship Loneliness that decreased rapidly, or which began at a low level and only increased marginally, seem to also be a risk. Loneliness is a multi-dimensional construct and its development during adolescence impacts upon young people's depressive symptomatology and positive mental wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Hunter
- Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK.
- University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Seth
- Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Stephen Houghton
- University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia
- University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond Street, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
| | - David Lawrence
- Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Corinne Zadow
- University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Lisa Wood
- University of Notre Dame, 23 High Street, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Pamela Qualter
- University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, England, UK
| | - Trevor Shilton
- Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
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Shao S, Heyman GD. Lying to recommend unqualified friends: Diverging implications for interpersonal and epistemic trust inferences. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105866. [PMID: 38367352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
When people are asked to recommend individuals they care about, they often grapple with conflicts regarding the level of honesty they should maintain when being truthful could potentially hinder those individuals' chances of receiving beneficial opportunities. In the current study, we examined how adolescents evaluate people based on how they respond to such dilemmas, with a focus on how it affects judgments of interpersonal and epistemic trustworthiness. We tested a sample of high school students in the southwestern United States (N = 78; Mage = 16.45 years), who were asked about a moral dilemma in which a story character needed to decide whether to recommend an unqualified friend. We experimentally manipulated whether the friend was very close to the standard (requiring a small exaggeration) or was far from the standard (requiring a large exaggeration) between participants. Across both exaggeration conditions, we observed a dissociation in judgments of epistemic and interpersonal trustworthiness: Lie-tellers were judged to be more interpersonally trustworthy than epistemically trustworthy, whereas truth-tellers were judged to be more epistemically trustworthy than interpersonally trustworthy. These results show that adolescents are capable of using information about an individual's lie-telling versus truth-telling decisions to make highly nuanced social inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Gail D Heyman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Uversky VN. Marc H. V. van Regenmortel, a virtual friend and a real colleague. J Mol Recognit 2024; 37:e3079. [PMID: 38419129 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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7
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Xiang Y, Zhou Y, Li X. The role of perceived social support from family, friends and significant others in the association between childhood maltreatment on sleep quality in adolescents: Evidence from a weekly diary study. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 151:106715. [PMID: 38461707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment is a common problem that can have lasting effects on the physical and mental health of adolescents who have experienced it, including sleep quality. OBJECTIVE This study will investigate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and sleep quality in adolescents using a weekly diary method. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING In this study, students from a middle school in central China were recruited as research subjects, and a total of 11 classes with 470 students were investigated. METHODS In order to fill in the gaps of previous studies, a weekly diary method was used to collect data. Subjects were required to complete three scales once a week for seven consecutive weeks, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale (PSQI). RESULTS Findings suggest that childhood maltreatment has a negative impact on adolescent's sleep quality at the weekly level (γ01c = -0.07, t = -5.71, p < .001) . The negative effect of childhood maltreatment on sleep quality was significantly reduced with the addition of perceived social support (γ01c' = -0.03, t = -2.83, p < .01). Notably, support from friends (γ01a*γ02b = -0.01) and significant others (γ01a*γ02b = -0.02) also played an important mediating role in child maltreatment and adolescent sleep quality, but family support remained the most important support in adolescents (γ01a*γ02b = -0.04). CONCLUSIONS The present study has confirmed the negative correlation between childhood maltreatment and sleep quality in adolescents. Furthermore, it has clarified the mechanism of perceived social support and the separate mediating roles of perceived family support, perceived friend support, and perceived significant other support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Xiang
- Teacher Education College, Hunan City University, Yiyang, China; Research Center for Mental Health Education of Hunan Province, Hunan Province, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Teacher Education College, Hunan City University, Yiyang, China; Research Center for Mental Health Education of Hunan Province, Hunan Province, China; Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Tao Xingzhi Research Institute, NanJing XiaoZhuang University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Wosko P, Pfabigan J, Trukeschitz B, Reitinger E, Pichler B, Pleschberger S. Nonkin Carers' Roles and Contributions to the Support of Older People Living Alone: An Analysis of Qualitative Data. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae008. [PMID: 38285494 PMCID: PMC10998341 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the Global North, the number of older people living alone who have little or no support from family members is increasing. However, little is known about older people living alone who have basic needs for support but do not have kin living nearby or a sustainable relationship to a relative they can rely on. Thus, this paper focuses on the role of nonkin carers and their contribution to the support arrangements of older people living alone. METHODS We conducted semistructured interviews with 32 older people living alone aged between 67 and 99 (Ø 84.2 years) in Austria, 23 women, and 9 men. The interviews were analyzed by applying a coding strategy based on grounded theory. In addition, sociograms were created to illustrate relevant relations in each support arrangement. RESULTS We identified and characterized 3 groups of nonkins involved in the support arrangements of older people living alone based on the origins of the relationships: (1) friends, (2) neighbors, and (3) acquaintances like members of various communities. The arrangements were classified according to the amount and quality of involvement of nonkin carers, namely manifold, scattered, and little nonkin involvement. DISCUSSION Our study highlights the diversity of nonkin support in the support arrangements of older people living alone. This heterogeneity should be considered by policy-makers when promoting informal care and designing policy measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wosko
- Austrian National Public Health Institute (Gesundheit Österreich GmbH), Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Pfabigan
- Austrian National Public Health Institute (Gesundheit Österreich GmbH), Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Trukeschitz
- Research Institute for Economics of Aging, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Pichler
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Pleschberger
- Austrian National Public Health Institute (Gesundheit Österreich GmbH), Vienna, Austria
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9
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Pagen DM, Hanssen DA, van Loo IH, Brinkhues S, den Heijer CD, Dukers-Muijrers NH, Hoebe CJ. The association between SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and cross-border mobility for visiting family or friends among Dutch residents of a Euregional province. Health Policy 2024; 143:105056. [PMID: 38537398 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Border measures were implemented in many countries as infection prevention measures to interrupt between-country COVID-19 transmission. Border closings impact border region residents, as their professional and social lives are often intertwined across national borders. We studied whether crossing borders to visit family/friends in neighbouring countries (cross-border mobility) was associated with SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Dutch Euregional residents. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 serostatus (negative/positive) was assessed (pre-vaccination) using laboratory testing to determine previous infection. Visiting Belgian or German family/friends in February-March 2020 was questioned. The association between cross-border mobility and seroprevalence was tested using logistic regression analysis, adjusted for previously identified exposure factors. RESULTS In 9,996 participants, 36.8 % (n = 3,677) reported cross-border family/friends. Of these, one-third (n = 1,306) visited their cross-border family/friends in February-March 2020. Multivariable analyses revealed no positive association between cross-border mobility and seropositivity, for both participants living in a border municipality (ORfamily/friends not visited=0.90 [95 % CI:0.78-1.04], ORfamily/friends visited=0.88 [95 % CI:0.73-1.05]), and for participants not living in a border municipality (ORfamily/friends not visited=0.91 [95 % CI:0.72-1.16], ORfamily/friends visited=0.62 [95 % CI:0.41-0.94]). CONCLUSIONS This study provided no evidence of cross-border mobility as an important exposure factor for SARS-CoV-2. The results of our unique real-world study suggest that cross-border mobility did not substantially contribute to cross-border SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Me Pagen
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Daniëlle At Hanssen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Hm van Loo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Brinkhues
- Department of Knowledge and Innovation, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Casper Dj den Heijer
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Htm Dukers-Muijrers
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Jpa Hoebe
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases, and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health, South Limburg Public Health Service, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, the Netherlands
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10
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Cao J, Yuan W, Xu X, Liu X. Reciprocal Links Between Friendship Quality and Peer Victimization Among Middle Adolescents. J Interpers Violence 2024; 39:2127-2147. [PMID: 38110332 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231218684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
There is a robust association between friendship quality and victimization in adolescence; yet, it remains unclear whether friendship quality may be linked causally with different forms of victimization in middle adolescence. To fill this gap, this study examines the bidirectional associations of friendship quality and relational/verbal victimization with data collected at two time points, 6 months apart, in a sample of 671 middle Chinese adolescents (Mage = 15.63, SDage = 0.73, 49% males). Cross-lagged panel analyses revealed a two-way relationship between friendship quality and victimization, which existed in both verbal and relational victimization. Multi-group panel analyses observed that the cross-lagged associations between friendship quality and relational/verbal victimization were only found for males, but not for females. This result suggests that adolescent males' victimization is both affected by and a predictor of friendship quality, with implications for youth prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cao
- Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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11
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Clarke DE. Navigating Friendship at 38 000 Feet: A Soaring Journey to Another Veterinary Conference. J Vet Dent 2024; 41:180. [PMID: 38462950 DOI: 10.1177/08987564241238122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
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12
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Shikarpurya S, Fogarty M, Gilson CB, Benzel M, Fletcher KE, Osburn C, Villarreal A, Tassin A. Peer perspectives on friendships among peers with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities: A pilot mixed methods study. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2024; 37:e13224. [PMID: 38504527 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The benefits of friendships among peers with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities are well supported by research. However, little is known about the nature of these inclusive friendships in inclusive college courses. METHOD We explored the perspectives of peers on the development of authentic friendships among peers with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities in inclusive college courses in the United States. We used a sequential, explanatory, transformative mixed methods-grounded theory research design. We integrated quantitative (N = 44) and qualitative (N = 8) findings using blended analysis to inform a preliminary grounded theory of inclusive and reciprocal friendships. RESULTS Quantitative findings suggest two relationships and one predictor of peers' perceived social engagement. Qualitative findings resulted in five themes that promote friendships. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the context for developing inclusive friendships could be fostered using the preparation and actions stages of the grounded theory model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Shikarpurya
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Melissa Fogarty
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Carly B Gilson
- Department of Educational Studies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan Benzel
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine E Fletcher
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Courtney Osburn
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Alexis Villarreal
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Abigail Tassin
- Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Venetis MK, Bontempo AC, Catona D, Buckley de Meritens A, Devine KA, Greene K. Dilemmas and Strategy When Companion Participation During Appointments Differs from Patient and Companion Expectations. Health Commun 2024; 39:876-887. [PMID: 36941532 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2190244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients often attend medical interactions with at least one companion. The degree to which companions participate varies, ranging from passive observer to active advocate. However, the structure of the medical interaction often promotes dyadic rather than triadic communication, creating ambiguity about to the degree to which companions can and should participate. Participants (N = 34, 16 dyads) included gynecologic cancer patients who were undergoing chemotherapy treatment (n = 18) and their companions (n = 16); all participants were separately interviewed. Interviews included discussion of dyadic communication patterns within medical interactions. The normative rhetorical theory (Goldsmith, 2019) was applied as a guiding framework. Patients discussed the dilemma they experience when companions are expected but absent. Patients and companions provided positive reports of companion communication when behavior aligned with expectations. Alternatively, patients and companions experience dilemmas when companions participate more than or differently from how patients and/or companions had expected. Companions provided one strategy for managing the dilemma of how to participate in medical interactions. Implications and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katie A Devine
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
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14
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Harkhoe MA, Offringa TM, Vermeiren RRJM, Nooteboom LA. [The impact of social media on youths with anorexia nervosa]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2024; 168:D8110. [PMID: 38630074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the impact of social media on youths with severe anorexia nervosa. DESIGN Qualitative study. METHOD Through semi-structured interviews with eleven youths diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, opinions and experiences surrounding the impact of social media on anorexia nervosa were collected, coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Social media are often used to compensate for social isolation or misunderstandings about anorexia nervosa from friends and family. Motivated youths experience recovery communities as helpful against social isolation and a good place to find motivation for recovery. Negative aspects of social media include the idealization of unhealthy body types, the competition to have the most severe anorexia and the ease with which pro-ana content is found online and imposes itself. CONCLUSION Preventive measures, including education about the dangers of social media can protect youths with anorexia nervosa in their social media use. Isolation from social media may lead to further social isolation.
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15
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Carter GG. Modeling the evolution and formation of animal friendship. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403318121. [PMID: 38547080 PMCID: PMC11009671 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403318121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald G. Carter
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute0843-03092Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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16
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Lotun S, Lamarche VM, Matran-Fernandez A, Sandstrom GM. People perceive parasocial relationships to be effective at fulfilling emotional needs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8185. [PMID: 38589428 PMCID: PMC11002006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
People regularly form one-sided, "parasocial" relationships (PSRs) with targets incapable of returning the sentiment. Past work has shown that people engage with PSRs to support complex psychological needs (e.g., feeling less lonely after watching a favorite movie). However, we do not know how people rate these relationships relative to traditional two-sided relationships in terms of their effectiveness in supporting psychological needs. The current research (Ntotal = 3085) examined how PSRs help people fulfil emotion regulation needs. In Studies 1 and 2, participants felt that both their YouTube creator and non-YouTube creator PSRs were more effective at fulfilling their emotional needs than in-person acquaintances, albeit less effective than close others. In Study 3, people with high self-esteem thought PSRs would be responsive to their needs when their sociometer was activated, just as they do with two-sided relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaba Lotun
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Veronica M Lamarche
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | | | - Gillian M Sandstrom
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9RH, UK
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17
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Haizel-Cobbina J, Boumi AE, Chung E, Sobboh J, Rose JM, Mwangi E, Johnson R, Oni RB, Wanduragala D, Stauffer Iii WM. Leveraging community advisory boards within travel medicine to help reduce malaria incidence in refugees, immigrants and migrants visiting friends and relatives abroad: reflections from the Minnesota Malaria Community Advisory Board on patient-provider interactions. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taae018. [PMID: 38307519 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Refugees, immigrants and migrants often have barriers to travel medicine. Community Advisory Boards (CAB) are a vital but underutilized tool for understanding and meeting healthcare needs and challenges, providing communities with a voice, and finding solutions. The paper discusses a malaria prevention community-based participatory research project informed by a CAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseline Haizel-Cobbina
- Malaria Community Advisory Board, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ama Eli Boumi
- Malaria Community Advisory Board, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA
- Minnesota Department of Human Services, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Erica Chung
- Minnesota Department of Health, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - James Sobboh
- Malaria Community Advisory Board, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA
- Hennepin County Human Services and Public Health Department, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan M Rose
- Malaria Community Advisory Board, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA
| | - Esther Mwangi
- Malaria Community Advisory Board, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA
| | - Rebecca Johnson
- Malaria Community Advisory Board, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA
- Minnesota Department of Human Services, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Richard B Oni
- Malaria Community Advisory Board, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, MN 55164, USA
- Progressive Individual Resources Inc, St Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - William M Stauffer Iii
- Department of Medicine, Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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18
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Diallo S, Borentain P, Motte A, Gautret P, Colson P. Liver transplantation due to fulminant hepatitis A in a traveller visiting friends and relatives in Comoros. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taad153. [PMID: 38079524 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
An unvaccinated adult migrant from Comoros to France presented with fulminant hepatitis A after a 5-month-stay in Comoros visiting friends and relatives. People who have lived in hepatitis A endemic areas should be tested for hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgG before travelling to an HAV hyperendemic country to assess the benefit of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiétou Diallo
- Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Departments, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Borentain
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Motte
- Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Departments, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Gautret
- Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Departments, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 19-21, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Colson
- Laboratory and Infectious Diseases Departments, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, MEPHI, 19-21, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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19
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Sequeira AN, O'Keefe IP, Katju V, Bergthorsson U. Friend turned foe: selfish behavior of a spontaneously arising mitochondrial deletion in an experimentally evolved Caenorhabditis elegans population. G3 (Bethesda) 2024; 14:jkae018. [PMID: 38261394 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Selfish mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are variants that can proliferate within cells and enjoy a replication or transmission bias without fitness benefits for the host. mtDNA deletions in Caenorhabditis elegans can reach high heteroplasmic frequencies despite significantly reducing fitness, illustrating how new mtDNA variants can give rise to genetic conflict between different levels of selection and between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. During a mutation accumulation experiment in C. elegans, a 1,034-bp deletion originated spontaneously and reached an 81.7% frequency within an experimental evolution line. This heteroplasmic mtDNA deletion, designated as meuDf1, eliminated portions of 2 protein-coding genes (coxIII and nd4) and tRNA-thr in entirety. mtDNA copy number in meuDf1 heteroplasmic individuals was 35% higher than in individuals with wild-type mitochondria. After backcrossing into a common genetic background, the meuDf1 mitotype was associated with reduction in several fitness traits and independent competition experiments found a 40% reduction in composite fitness. Experiments that relaxed individual selection by single individual bottlenecks demonstrated that the deletion-bearing mtDNA possessed a strong transmission bias, thereby qualifying it as a novel selfish mitotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail N Sequeira
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 402 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX 77845, USA
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ian P O'Keefe
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 402 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX 77845, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Vaishali Katju
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 402 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX 77845, USA
- Program in Evolutionary Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Evolutionsbiologiskt centrum, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulfar Bergthorsson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, 402 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX 77845, USA
- Program in Evolutionary Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics (IEG), Evolutionsbiologiskt centrum, Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Zhou Z. Association of Childhood Friendship Experience and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults: A Causal Mediation Approach. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae019. [PMID: 38366367 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies to date have investigated the potential mechanisms linking childhood friendship experiences to late-life depressive symptoms. This study examines the association of childhood friendship experiences with depressive symptoms among older adults and the mediating effects of social disconnectedness and cognitive function. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using longitudinal data from a sample of 8,745 participants aged 60 years and above in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2013 to 2018. The causal association of childhood friendship experiences with depressive symptoms and the mediating roles of social disconnectedness and cognitive function were estimated using marginal structural models and the inverse odds ratio weighting method. Mediation proportions and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a bootstrap resampling method. RESULTS Respondents with greater childhood friendship deficits were more likely to have depressive symptoms (odds ratio: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.26) than those with more favorable friendship experiences during childhood. The causal mediation analysis revealed that social disconnectedness, cognitive function, and their combination partially mediated the association of childhood friendship experiences with depressive symptoms by 15.70% (95% CI: 8.66%-24.17%), 17.18 % (95% CI: 7.61%-30.00%), 28.35% (95% CI: 17.75%-42.56%), respectively. DISCUSSION Friendship experiences during childhood were related to the risk of depressive symptoms in older Chinese adults; more importantly, social disconnectedness and cognitive function partially mediated this association. Thus, improving social engagement and cognitive function in older adults could alleviate the accumulated disadvantages due to childhood friendship deficits and help to improve their psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Zhou
- School of Public Affairs, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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21
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Dugré JR, Giguère CÉ, Potvin S. The company you keep: The neglected role of affiliating with delinquent friends in the development of the cannabis-violence link. Addict Behav 2024; 151:107939. [PMID: 38141319 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests a potential role of cannabis use on aggressive behaviors. In literature on adolescents, the lack of consideration of important confounders, such as adolescent's affiliation with delinquent peers, limits the possibility to determine whether there might be a direct or indirect link between cannabis use and aggression. Therefore, we sought to examine the effect of delinquent peers on the association between cannabis use and violence. We re-analyzed data from 850 ninth graders who were followed from mid-adolescence to early adulthood. Generalized Estimations Equations (GEE) were conducted to examine whether affiliation with delinquent peers may mediate the relationship between cannabis use and violence. Cross-Lagged Panel Models were also conducted to estimate the directionality of these relationships over time. We additionally tested whether similar relationships may be identifiable when examining rule-breaking behaviors and/or alcohol use. GEE models revealed that both cannabis use and affiliation with delinquent peers were statistically associated with aggressive behaviors. Cannabis use, alcohol use and delinquent peers also predicted rule-breaking behaviors. More precisely, cross-lagged models showed that affiliation with delinquent peers played a partially mediating role in the cannabis-aggression link, and that similar cross-lagged estimates were observed when examining rule-breaking behaviors instead of aggression. Our results indicate that cannabis use may be associated with aggression as well as rule-breaking behaviors, suggesting a broader effect on conduct problems. More importantly, our study highlights the non-negligible role of affiliating with delinquent peers during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules R Dugré
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Charles-Édouard Giguère
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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22
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Forbes PA, Chaliani I, Schilbach L, Kalenscher T. Autistic adults show enhanced generosity to socially distant others. Autism 2024; 28:999-1009. [PMID: 37606240 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231190674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autistic people show differences in their social behaviour. But how autism affects decisions to share resources, an important part of cooperation, was previously unclear. In our study, participants made decisions about how to share money with different people, including people they felt close to, such as a friend, and people they felt less close to, such as a stranger. We found that compared to a group of non-autistic participants, autistic adults shared more money overall and this was driven by greater generosity to strangers. The results suggest that autistic adults were more generous because they made fair decisions (an equal split of the money) more consistently regardless of how close they felt to the person they were sharing with. By showing that autistic adults display greater generosity, our results could help to change public perceptions of autism and potentially improve opportunities for autistic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ag Forbes
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irini Chaliani
- LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonhard Schilbach
- LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Tobias Kalenscher
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
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23
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Huang Z, Denti P, Mistry H, Kloprogge F. Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in PK-PD Modeling: Fad, Friend, or Foe? Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 115:652-654. [PMID: 38179832 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Huang
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Denti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hitesh Mistry
- Division of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Frank Kloprogge
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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24
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Moorman SM, Pai M. Social Support From Family and Friends, Educational Attainment, and Cognitive Function. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:396-401. [PMID: 37859405 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231203840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the extent to which associations between perceived and received social support from family and friends and changes in older adults' cognitive function were moderated by educational attainment. Sibling pairs in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) (N = 4,297) completed a survey about social support in 2011 and a cognitive battery in 2011 and 2020. Participants' mean age in 2020 was 80.2 years old. Multilevel linear regressions indicated that perceived, but not received, support from friends was associated with better cognitive function 9 years later. Perceived family support was cognitively advantageous for older adults at most levels of educational attainment. However, among postgraduates, perceived family support was unrelated to cognitive function. That the association between perceived support and cognitive function differs based on educational attainment gives interventionists additional information needed to identify groups of older adults most susceptible to cognitive impairment.
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25
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Driggers A, Kennedy RE, Williams BR, Brown CJ, Buys DR. Changes in Life-Space Mobility With Loss of Relatives and Friends Among Older Adults: Results From the UAB Study of Aging. Gerontologist 2024; 64:gnad116. [PMID: 37638853 PMCID: PMC10943496 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Increasing age brings a greater risk of death of friends and family (hereafter referred to as loss) potentially impacting individuals' life-space mobility (LSM) trajectory. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using the UAB study of aging, we examined differences in LSM trajectories of 1,000 community-dwelling older Alabamians (65 + years) with and without loss over 8.5 years. We measured LSM using UAB's Life-Space Assessment (LSA), a validated instrument assessing movement through zones ranging from their bedroom to out of town. We assessed loss every 6 months using a standard bereavement questionnaire capturing spousal, other relative, or friend loss. We used piecewise linear mixed-effects models to compare LSA trajectories. RESULTS At baseline, those who later experienced loss, compared with those who did not were younger, more likely to be female, and overall in better health. Those without loss had a baseline mean LSA score of 49.5 and a decline of 0.08 points per year (p < .001). Those with loss had a baseline LSA score of 60 and declined by 1.0 point per year before loss (p < .001), accelerating to 1.8 points per year after loss (p < .001). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Those with loss do not experience acute decline postloss but do have an acceleration of the preexisting decline. Although additional research may explain the impact of loss on LSM; this finding suggests that more interventions such as social, mental, or health care services, may be needed for those who experience loss. Specifically, bereaved individuals may benefit from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Driggers
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Richard E Kennedy
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Beverly Rosa Williams
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Cynthia J Brown
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - David R Buys
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
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26
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Spiekerman AM, Rose AJ. Associations between adolescent friends' responses during problem talk and depressive symptoms. Dev Psychol 2024; 60:778-790. [PMID: 38190214 PMCID: PMC10963158 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The present study examined how friends' responses to each other during problem talk predicted depressive symptoms over time. Participants included 271 adolescent friend dyads (69 female and 69 male early adolescent dyads; 72 female and 61 male middle adolescent dyads; 66.4% White and 26.6% Black). The adolescents were observed discussing a problem with the friend and reported on depressive symptoms at the time of observation and 9 months later. Friends' responses were coded into one of nine response type categories (i.e., four positive/engaged response types, one neutral response type, and four negative/disengaged response types). Actor-partner interdependence models revealed significant actor and partner effects for both positive and negative responses. Notably, receiving and/or producing positive/engaged responses, including saying something supportive, sharing related experiences, and asking questions, were associated with lower depressive symptoms over time. Receiving and/or producing negative/disengaged responses, including sharing one's own experience in a distracting way, changing the subject, saying something unsupportive or minimizing the problem, and saying nothing at all heightened risk for depressive symptoms. Additionally, significant Actor × Partner interactions revealed that greater differences between the friends in the degree to which they produced supportive responses were associated with increased depressive symptoms and that both friends saying nothing at all was associated with increased depressive symptoms. When gender and grade differences were found, the associations typically were particularly strong for middle-adolescent girls. These results highlight the importance of attending to friends' specific behaviors in social support contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda J Rose
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
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27
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Szwedo DE, Davis AA, Fowler C, Mikami AY, Allen JP. Social Media Posts from Friends during Late Adolescence as Predictors of Young Adult Physical Health. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:784-798. [PMID: 38285161 PMCID: PMC10879299 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Although an increasing body of literature has linked social experiences to physical health, research has yet to consider how specific aspects of social experiences taking place on social media during late adolescence may predict future physical health outcomes. This study thus examined qualities of social media posts received from peers at age 21 as predictors of participants' physical health (e.g., Interleukin-6 (inflammation), sleep problems, problems with physical functioning, and BMI) at age 28. Participants included 138 youth (59 men and 79 women); 57% of participants identified as White, 30% as Black/African American, and 13% as from other or mixed racial/ethnic groups. Posts from friends and participants at age 21 characterized by social ties predicted lower levels of future physical health problems, whereas socially inappropriate "faux pas" posts that deviated from peer norms by friends predicted higher levels of physical health problems at age 28. These associations were found after accounting for factors typically associated with physical health outcomes, including participants' baseline social competence, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, alcohol use, observed physical attractiveness, and history of prior hospitalizations. The results of this study suggest the importance of both achieving social integration with peers online and adhering to peer norms in the online domain as key predictors of future physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Szwedo
- Department of Graduate Psychology, James Madison University, 70 Alumnae Dr./MSC 7401, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA.
| | - Alida A Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, P.O Box 400400, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Caroline Fowler
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, P.O Box 400400, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Amori Yee Mikami
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Joseph P Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, P.O Box 400400, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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28
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Kiltie JT, Satchell LP, Childs MJ, Daniels M, Gould CS, Sparrowe K, Hudson CA, Husted M. The relationship between change in routine and student mental wellbeing during a nationwide lockdown. J Gen Psychol 2024; 151:155-172. [PMID: 37571969 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2241949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During March 2020, the UK entered a national lockdown, causing a sudden change in undergraduate students' routines. This study uses this event to investigate the impact routine change had on students' mental wellbeing; in particular looking at depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and eating behaviors. METHOD Participants reported their daily routine timings (waking, breakfast, lunch, evening meal and bedtime) and activities (e.g. exercise amount, time with friends, time studying, etc) on a typical Monday, Wednesday and Saturday during term time and lockdown. Additionally they completed the PROMIS measures of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance, and the Eating Pathology Symptom Inventory. RESULTS Lockdown saw small but significant shifts in routine timing (on average 1.5 h) However, there was no clear overall pattern of relationships between mental wellbeing and routine structure or magnitude of routine change. There was some evidence of changes in amount of exercise relating to reported anxiety. DISCUSSION These findings are consistent with the current literature reporting lockdown effects on behavior. Routine timings shifted, but this change was small and largely did not affect the mental wellbeing reported by undergraduate students. The change in amount of exercise posed by lockdown did appear to be an important factor in wellbeing, and more research should focus on the wellbeing implications of closing places for exercise.
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Manczak EM, Millwood SN, Waxman M. A healthy balance: the ratio of social support-to-demands is associated with metabolic syndrome. J Behav Med 2024; 47:348-354. [PMID: 37946025 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk for negative health events, decrements in quality of life, and greater health costs. The current study sought to identify whether the ratio of social support to social demands across multiple relationship types (spouse, friends, children, or other family members) were associated with concurrent metabolic syndrome in a nationally representative sample of US adults ages 32-40. Results indicate that the ratio of total social support to social demands was associated with a greater likelihood of meeting criteria for metabolic syndrome, even after statistically controlling for the effects of race, ethnicity, sex, age, income, and prior metabolic syndrome. When considering the relative contributions of each relationship type, greater support relative to demands from friends was the only relationship type that was significantly independently associated with lower likelihood of metabolic syndrome. Although not statistically significant, a trend-level negative association with spousal support/demands emerged, as did a trend-level positive association with support/demands from children. Taken together, the current study reaffirms the relevance of considering social support and demands with regards to metabolic syndrome and highlights the ways in which specific relationships may differentially relate to health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Manczak
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 Race St., Denver, CO, 80208, USA.
| | - Summer N Millwood
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 Race St., Denver, CO, 80208, USA
| | - Megan Waxman
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 Race St., Denver, CO, 80208, USA
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Brauer K, Sendatzki R, Proyer RT. Exploring the acquaintanceship effect for the accuracy of judgments of traits and profiles of adult playfulness. J Pers 2024; 92:495-514. [PMID: 37041675 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to extend the research on the interpersonal perception of adult playfulness (global and facets: Other-directed, Lighthearted, Intellectual, and Whimsical [OLIW]) by testing whether judgmental accuracy relates to indicators of acquaintanceship. BACKGROUND Playfulness has been found to contribute to social relationships. METHOD Using data from 658 dyads (1,318 participants) who had been acquainted for 1 month to 62.2 years, we computed measurement invariance analyses and self-other agreement (SOA) for the facets and profiles of playfulness. We operationalized acquaintanceship as length of acquaintanceship, relationship type (friends, family, and partners), and intensity of acquaintanceship. We tested acquaintanceship effects with multigroup latent analyses and response surface analyses. RESULTS Self- and other ratings of playfulness showed scalar measurement invariance and robust SOA in traits and distinctive profiles (≥ .37). There was only minor evidence for acquaintanceship effects for relationship duration (only Intellectual playfulness), and group comparisons showed that friends yielded lower SOA in profiles than dyads of family members and couples. CONCLUSION Considering that playfulness can be accurately perceived even at zero acquaintance, we discuss whether playfulness is a "good trait" (high trait visibility) in which acquaintanceship plays a minor role. We also discuss methodological considerations for detecting acquaintanceship effects during relationship formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Brauer
- Department of Psychology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Rebekka Sendatzki
- Department of Psychology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - René T Proyer
- Department of Psychology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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31
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Apostolou M, Prodromou A. Strategies for meeting prospective mates: An explorative analysis in the Greek cultural context. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:284-290. [PMID: 37874203 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Most people strive toward establishing long-term romantic relationships, and the majority eventually succeed in doing so, which raises the question of how people meet prospective mates. In the current research, we used in-depth interviews and open-ended questionnaires in a sample of 218 Greek-speaking participants, and we identified 44 acts that people perform in order to meet prospective mates, and 17 categories indicating where people met their current or previous mates. In addition, we used quantitative research methods in a sample of 821 Greek-speaking participants, and we classified these acts into eight broader strategies. The most frequently adopted ones, included demonstrating active interest to prospective mates, going out to bars, clubs and cafés, improving one's looks and asking friends to introduce one to available individuals. For several strategies, we found significant sex and age effects. Furthermore, most participants indicated that they met their current and previous partners from friends and acquaintances, in school or university, on social media, and on a night out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andri Prodromou
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Schucan Bird K, Stokes N, Rivas C, Tomlinson M, Delve M, Gordon L, Gregory A, Lawrence K, O’Reilly N. Training Informal Supporters to Improve Responses to Victim-Survivors of Domestic Violence and Abuse: A Systematic Review. Trauma Violence Abuse 2024; 25:1568-1584. [PMID: 37649408 PMCID: PMC10913311 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231189191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Informal supporters (friends, family, colleagues, and community members) play a crucial role in societal-wide responses to victim-survivors of domestic violence and abuse. Familial and social networks, however, report a sense of helplessness and difficulties in knowing how to respond. This mixed method systematic review examines the effectiveness, and perceived effectiveness, of training informal supporters to improve their responses to victim-survivors. A novel conceptual framework was developed to underpin the review. A systematic search of four electronic databases, specialist repositories, and websites were used to identify empirical research (in academic or gray literature). Eleven included studies examined educational interventions that aimed to improve responses from informal supporters. Quality appraisal was undertaken, and studies were judged to be "good enough" for synthesis. The studies in the review indicated that informal supporters recognized the value of training for building understanding and equipping them with the skills to respond to victim-survivors. The synthesis identified statistically significant improvements in the knowledge and attitudes of informal supporters in the immediate and short-term following training. Using a behavior change model to frame the evidence, the review found that training/educational activities prime informal supporters to respond to victim-survivors, as well as enhancing their capacity and motivation to do so. This increases the likelihood that informal supporters will take action to support victim-survivors of abuse. We don't know, however, what type of support they will provide and/or whether it would be judged to be helpful by victim-survivors.
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Yang Q. Understanding the Associations Between Adolescents' Exposure to E-Cigarette Information and Vaping Behavior Through the Theory of Planned Behavior. Health Commun 2024; 39:641-651. [PMID: 36823032 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2179715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents have actively looked for and passively scanned information about electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) from a variety of media and interpersonal sources. Despite the evidence that exposure to e-cigarette information is associated with youth's increased vaping intention, there is a paucity of scholarship that differentiates the sources where adolescents obtain e-cigarette information in their investigation, which limits our understanding of the unique association between vaping intention and e-cigarette information acquisition from specific sources. In addition, few studies have systematically examined the mechanism of the aforementioned associations. To fill the gap, an online national survey on a panel of adolescents between 13 to 17 years old was conducted. After controlling for potential confounders, several significant indirect effects were observed. Specifically, adolescents' vaping intention was negatively associated with e-cigarette information seeking from health professionals but positively with e-cigarette information exposure from family and friends, outdoors advertisements, social media, and other online channels, with the theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs mediating these relationships. The findings not only contribute to the body of scholarship on TPB but also provide important suggestions for regulating outdoor and online e-cigarette information and designing persuasive interventions and campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yang
- Department of Communication Studies, Bob Schieffer College of Communication, Texas Christian University
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Fowler NR, Johnson RL, Peterson R, Schroeder MW, Omeragic F, DiGuiseppi C, Han SD, Hill L, Betz ME. Relationship of Decisional Conflict About Driving Habits Between Older Adult Drivers and Their Family Members and Close Friends. J Appl Gerontol 2024; 43:454-464. [PMID: 38087851 PMCID: PMC10922263 DOI: 10.1177/07334648231211742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the relationship of decisional conflict about driving habits between older adult drivers (≥70 years old) and their family members and close friends. This secondary analysis utilizes data originating from a multi-site randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of a driving decision aid (DDA) intervention. Decisional conflict about stopping or changing driving habits for drivers was measured with the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS). Dyadic associations between drivers' and study partners' (SPs') DCS scores were analyzed using an actor-partner interdependence model. Among 228 driver-SP dyads, Dyadic DCS was correlated at baseline (r = .18, p < .01), and pre-intervention DCS was associated with post-intervention DCS (p < .001 for SPs [β = .73] and drivers [β = .73]). Drivers' baseline DCS and SPs' post-intervention DCS were slighly correlated (β = .10; p = .036). Higher decisional conflict about driving among older drivers is frequently shared by their SPs. Shared decisional conflict may persist beyond intervening to support decision-making about driving cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rachel L. Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ryan Peterson
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Faris Omeragic
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Carolyn DiGuiseppi
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - S. Duke Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda Hill
- School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marian E. Betz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- VA Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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Kirschner GK. How to identify close friends: mapping organelle membrane proximity proteomes. Plant J 2024; 118:5-6. [PMID: 38552103 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
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36
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Dietz A. Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen, liebe Freunde der LRO,. Laryngorhinootologie 2024; 103:240-241. [PMID: 38565101 DOI: 10.1055/a-2255-8026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
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Guevara Beltran D, Shiota MN, Aktipis A. Empathic concern motivates willingness to help in the absence of interdependence. Emotion 2024; 24:628-647. [PMID: 37707483 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that empathic concern selectively promotes motivation to help those with whom we typically have interdependent relationships, such as friends or siblings, rather than strangers or acquaintances. In a sample of U.S. participants (collected between 2018 and 2020), our studies not only confirmed the finding that empathic concern is directed somewhat more strongly toward interdependent relationship partners, but also showed cross-sectionally (Studies 1a-1b), and when manipulating target distress experimentally (Study 2), that empathic concern predicts higher willingness to help only when people perceive low interdependence in their relationship with the target. In Study 3, we manipulated perceived interdependence with an acquaintance via shared fate, and found that empathic concern only predicted helping motivation when we reduced shared fate, but not when we increased shared fate. These results suggest that when people perceive high interdependence in their relationships, shared fate is the driving force behind their desire to help, whereas when people perceive low interdependence with someone in need, empathic concern motivates them to help. A relationship-building perspective on empathic concern provides avenues for testing additional moderators, including those related to target-specific characteristics and culture and ecology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Schön SM, Daseking M. [Externalizing problem behavior with friends in adolescence: What role do factors of callous-unemotional traits play?]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2024; 67:392-399. [PMID: 38478024 PMCID: PMC10995071 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-024-03850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Affective impairments/disorders are one explanation as to why adolescents exhibit externalizing problem behavior (rule-breaking and dissocial behavior). Impaired affect is a core feature of callous-unemotional traits (CU traits). CU traits are composed of three factors: Callousness (lack of empathy and remorse), Uncaring (indifferent attitude toward task performance and the feelings of others), and Unemotional (superficial or flattened affect). Externalizing problem behaviors mostly occur in groups during adolescence. Therefore, it is important to consider the relationship between CU traits and externalizing problem behaviors that are exhibited explicitly in collaboration with or in the presence of friends. This perspective has been lacking in research on CU traits. The present study aims to fill this research gap. METHODS Self-report data were collected between June 2021 and March 2023 from N = 169 adolescents (54% female; M = 14.95 years) using a set of questionnaires that could be completed online or as a paper-pencil version. In addition to CU traits (ICU) the set of questionnaires included assessments of rule-breaking and dissocial behavior with friends (CBCL: YSR 11-18 R). RESULTS Only the subscale Callousness contributes to the explanation of externalizing problem behaviors with friends (6% variance explained). DISCUSSION The results indicate that the three factors of CU-traits should be considered separately. In addition, when examining externalizing problem behavior, one should consider whether it is exhibited alone or together with or in the presence of friends. Limitations of the study, ideas for further research, and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara-Marie Schön
- Professur für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, Helmut-Schmidt-Universität/Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Am Stadtrand 50, 22159, Hamburg, Deutschland.
| | - Monika Daseking
- Professur für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie, Helmut-Schmidt-Universität/Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Am Stadtrand 50, 22159, Hamburg, Deutschland
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Chadha S, Ha T, Wood A. Thinking you're different matters more for belonging than being different. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7574. [PMID: 38555409 PMCID: PMC10981754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Belonging to a community is essential for wellbeing, but potentially unattainable for those dissimilar from a group. In the present work, we ask whether belongingness is better predicted by acting and thinking like peers or believing you act and think like peers. Students (N = 1181) reported their belonging and how much they, their friends, and an "average student" endorsed local behavioral norms and general values. We calculated difference scores for behaviors and values capturing perceived similarity to the average, actual similarity to the average, and accuracy around the norm. Key results indicate that perceived behavioral similarity to the average, when controlling for other differences, predicts belonging and most robustly mediates between identity and belonging. Using social network analysis, we find behavioral differences from friends are meaningfully linked to network density and racial homophily. Efficient interventions for enhanced belonging could highlight similarities between students and their peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareena Chadha
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
| | - Tiffany Ha
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Adrienne Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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40
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Hill B. The importance of belongingness and friendships within the nursing community. Br J Nurs 2024; 33:310. [PMID: 38512782 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2024.33.6.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry Hill
- Associate Professor of Nursing and Critical Care, Northumbria University
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Ingebretsen SMH, Stubberud J, Kirmess M. Family members' and friends' reports after standard and intensive group treatment for social communication difficulties following acquired brain injury - a mixed method approach. Brain Inj 2024; 38:304-315. [PMID: 38318845 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2024.2311345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine family members/friends' perception of change following standard and intensive group interactive structured treatment (GIST) for persons with social communication difficulties (SCDs). METHODS A parallel mixed methods design combining data from questionnaires, the Goal Attainment Scale, and interviews. PARTICIPANTS Forty-nine adult (>18 years) family members/friends (69.4% female) of persons with SCDs and acquired brain injury (ABI) (cohabitating partner, 53.1%; other relatives, 30.6%; friends, 16.3%). INTERVENTION Standard GIST consisted of 12 weekly outpatient sessions (2.5 h). Intensive GIST consisted of 4 weeks of inpatient rehabilitation (2 × 3 days/week, 2 × 4 days/week). Both treatments included 3- and 6-month follow-ups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quantitative measures (n = 49) included the following informant reports: Latrobe Communication Questionnaire (LCQ), Social Communication Skills Questionnaire-Adapted (SCSQ-A), Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Functions-Adult version (BRIEF-A), and Goal Attainment Scale. The qualitative measure (n=9) was an interview performed at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS Converging results were found, suggesting a perceived positive change over time for both standard and intensive GIST, with no substantial differences reported between the treatments. CONCLUSIONS Family members/friends reported improved social communication skills of the persons with SCDs following standard and intensive GIST. However, the integration of data showed the complexity of assessing SCDs and the need for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Merethe Hansen Ingebretsen
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research department, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Jan Stubberud
- Department of Research, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Melanie Kirmess
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Bailey ER, White MW, Iyengar SS, Akinola M. Americans misperceive the frequency and format of political debate. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5565. [PMID: 38448516 PMCID: PMC10918165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Disagreement over divergent viewpoints seems like an ever-present feature of American life-but how common is debate and with whom do debates most often occur? In the present research, we theorize that the landscape of debate is distorted by social media and the salience of negativity present in high-profile spats. To understand the true landscape of debate, we conducted three studies (N = 2985) across online and lab samples. In contrast to the high-profile nature of negative debates with strangers, we found that people most commonly debate close contacts, namely family members and good friends. In addition, they often report feeling positive after engaging in debate. We then directly measured misperceptions regarding debate in a representative sample of Americans (N = 1991). We found that Americans systematically overestimated how often others engage in debate. This overestimation extended across debate partners (family members, good friends, acquaintances, coworkers, and strangers) and contexts (in-person and online; p's < 0.001, d's > 0.98), most strongly overestimating how often Americans debate strangers online. This misprediction may be psychologically costly: overestimating how often Americans debate strangers online significantly predicted greater hopelessness in the future of America. Together, our findings suggest that Americans may experience a false reality about the landscape of debate which can unnecessarily undermine their hope about the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael W White
- Columbia University, Columbia Business School, New York, USA
| | | | - Modupe Akinola
- Columbia University, Columbia Business School, New York, USA
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Savoie C, Voyer P, Lavallière M, Bouchard S. Transition from driving to driving-cessation: experience of older persons and caregivers: a descriptive qualitative design. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:219. [PMID: 38438995 PMCID: PMC10910833 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For some older persons, driving is essential to maintain their daily activities and engagement with society. Unfortunately, some will have to stop driving, as they age. Driving-cessation is an important transition for older persons and caregivers, well known to cause significant challenges and consequences. This study aimed to describe the experience of older persons and caregivers in the transition from driving to ceasing to drive. METHODS Within a descriptive qualitative design, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with older persons (n = 8) and caregivers (n = 6) from the city of Québec (Quebec, Canada), from November 2020 to March 2021. Using an inductive approach, the qualitative data was analyzed with the content analysis method. RESULTS Some older persons had never thought they might someday lose their driver's license. The process of legislative assessment was unknown by almost all older persons and caregivers. The process was therefore very stressful for the research participants. Driving-cessation is a difficult transition that is associated with loss of independence, freedom, spontaneity, and autonomy. Qualitative analysis of data showed different factors that positively or negatively influence the experience of ceasing to drive, such as the older person's ownership of the decision, the presence of a network of friends and family, and self-criticism. There was significant impact related to driving-cessation for caregivers, such as assuming the entire burden of travel, psychologically supporting older persons in their grief, and navigating the driver's licensing system. CONCLUSIONS These study results could help organizations and healthcare professionals to better accompany and support older drivers and caregivers in the transition from driving to driving-cessation. TRIAL REGISTRATION None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Savoie
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Laval University, 1050 Rue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6, Québec (Québec), Canada.
| | - Philippe Voyer
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Laval University, 1050 Rue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6, Québec (Québec), Canada
| | - Martin Lavallière
- Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, G7H 2B1, Chicoutimi (Québec), Canada
| | - Suzanne Bouchard
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Laval University, 1050 Rue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6, Québec (Québec), Canada
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Silke C, Brady B, Dolan P, Boylan C. Empathy rules, maps and paths: A qualitative exploration of the factors that facilitate or inhibit empathy and prosocial responding among youth. J Community Psychol 2024; 52:326-343. [PMID: 38235840 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore young people's perspectives on the factors that facilitate or inhibit empathy and prosocial responding among youth. Qualitative focus groups (n = 29) were undertaken with Irish young people aged 13-17 years relating to their views on the factors that facilitate or inhibit the expression of empathy. Parents, friends, and social media were found to be key influences, whereas barriers identified included societal norms, gender norms, lack of skill, or knowledge and target characteristics. This research provides important insights into adolescents' perceptions of the social correlates of empathy. Concepts from the sociology of empathy, such as empathy maps and paths, are helpful in drawing out the implications for future research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Silke
- UNESCO Child & Family Research Centre, School of Political Science & Sociology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bernadine Brady
- UNESCO Child & Family Research Centre, School of Political Science & Sociology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pat Dolan
- UNESCO Child & Family Research Centre, School of Political Science & Sociology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciara Boylan
- UNESCO Child & Family Research Centre, School of Political Science & Sociology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Nguyen L, Jack SM, Davis H, Bellefeuille S, Arafeh D, Di Rezze B, Ketelaar M, Gorter JW. Being a sibling of a youth with a neurodisability: A qualitative study about the roles and responsibilities during the transition to adulthood. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13241. [PMID: 38445673 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the transition to adulthood, a common challenge that youth with a neurodisability may experience is learning how to navigate services in the adult care system. During this transition youth may rely on their families, including siblings, for support. However, delineation of sibling roles and responsibilities during this transition period are unclear. This study aims to identify the roles and responsibilities that siblings perceive to have with their sibling with a neurodisability during the transition to adulthood, and describe the decision-making process of how siblings chose these roles. METHODS In this descriptive qualitative case study, siblings were eligible to participate if they were between 14 to 40 years old, had a sibling between 14 to 21 years with a childhood-onset neurodisability and spoke English. Semi-structured interviews augmented by techniques of photo elicitation and relational maps were conducted. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to identify sibling roles, as well as the emotional and decision-making process associated with these roles. Our team partnered with siblings with lived experience in all study phases. RESULTS Nineteen participants (median age = 19 years, range = 14 to 33 years) from 16 unique families were interviewed. Six unique roles were described: friend, role model/mentor, protector, advocate, supporter, or caregiver. The emotions that siblings experienced with each role, also known as emotional responsibility, were categorized into levels of low, medium or high. Siblings also described a four-phase decision-making process for their roles: (1) acquiring knowledge; (2) preparing plans; (3) making adjustments; and (4) seeking support. Intrapersonal characteristics, including personal identity, values and experiences, influenced roles assumed by siblings. CONCLUSIONS Siblings identified needing support as they process their decisions and emotional responsibility in their roles when their sibling with a neurodisability is transitioning to adulthood. Resources should be developed or further enhanced to support siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nguyen
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan M Jack
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanae Davis
- Sibling Youth Advisory Council, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dana Arafeh
- Sibling Youth Advisory Council, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Briano Di Rezze
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marjolijn Ketelaar
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Gorter
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University and McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Radó MK, Kisfalusi D, Laverty AA, van Lenthe FJ, Been JV, Takács K. Socio-economic inequalities in smoking and drinking in adolescence: Assessment of social network dynamics. Addiction 2024; 119:488-498. [PMID: 37994195 DOI: 10.1111/add.16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated whether (1) adolescents selected friends with a similar socio-economic status (SES), (2) smoking and alcohol consumption spread in networks and (3) the exclusion of non-smokers or non-drinkers differed between SES groups. DESIGN This was a longitudinal study using stochastic actor-oriented models to analyze complete social network data over three waves. SETTING Eight Hungarian secondary schools with socio-economically diverse classes took part. PARTICIPANTS This study comprised 232 adolescents aged between 14 and 15 years in the first wave. MEASUREMENTS Self-reported smoking behavior, alcohol consumption behavior and friendship ties were measured. SES was measured based upon entitlement to an income-tested regular child protection benefit. FINDINGS Non-low-SES adolescents were most likely to form friendships with peers from their own SES group [odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.11]. Adolescents adjusted their smoking behavior (OR = 24.05, 95% CI = 1.27-454.86) but not their alcohol consumption (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 0.62-4.39) to follow the behavior of their friends. Smokers did not differ from non-smokers in the likelihood of receiving a friendship nomination (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.87-1.10), regardless of their SES. Alcohol consumers received significantly more friendship nominations than non-consumers (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.01-1.33), but this association was not significantly different according to SES. CONCLUSIONS Hungarian adolescents appear to prefer friendships within their own socio-economic status group, and smoking and alcohol consumption spread within those friendship networks. Socio-economic groups do not differ in the extent to which they encourage smoking or alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta K Radó
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Institute for Analytical Sociology, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorottya Kisfalusi
- HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Computational Social Science-Research Center for Educational and Network Studies (CSS - RECENS), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anthony A Laverty
- Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Frank J van Lenthe
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper V Been
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Károly Takács
- Institute for Analytical Sociology, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Computational Social Science-Research Center for Educational and Network Studies (CSS - RECENS), Budapest, Hungary
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Green HD, Pescosolido BA. Social pathways to care: how community-based network ties shape the health care response of individuals with mental health problems. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:431-442. [PMID: 37072564 PMCID: PMC10113125 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental health research has powerfully documented inequities related to characteristics, such as ethnicity and gender. Yet how and where disparities like unmet need occur have been more elusive. Drawing from a now modest body of research that deployed the Network Episode Model (NEM), we examine how individuals create patterns of response to mental health problems, influenced by the culture and resources embedded in their social networks. METHODS The Person-to-Person Health Interview Study (P2P; N ~ 2,700, 2018-2021) provides representative, community-based, NEM-tailored data. Both descriptive, latent class and multinomial regression analyses mark mental health care-seeking patterns, including individuals consulted and activities used, as well as the influence of the structure and cultural content of social networks. RESULTS Latent class analysis detected five pathways with good fit statistics. The Networked General Care Path (37.0%) and The Kin General Care Path (14.5%) differ only in whether friends are activated in using the general care sector. The Networked Multi-Sector Care Path (32.5%) and The Saturated Path (12.6%) involve family, friends, and both general and specialty care with only the latter expanding consultation to coworkers and clergy. The Null Path (3.3%), or no contacts, is not used as perceived problem severity increases. Network size and strength are associated with the more complex pathways that activate ties, respectively. Trust in doctors is associated with pathways that include specialty providers but not others at work or church. Race, age, and rural residence have specific pathway effects, while gender has no significant impact. CONCLUSIONS Social networks propel individuals with mental health problems into action. Tie strength and trust produce care responses that are fuller and more targeted. Considering the nature of homophily, results also suggest that majority status and college education are clearly implicated in networked pathways. Overall, findings support community-targeted rather than individually based efforts to increase service use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold D Green
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health and the Irsay Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Bernice A Pescosolido
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts & Sciences and the Irsay Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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48
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Bensimon M. Creating a Benevolent World: Exploration of a Music-Based Rehabilitation Program for Formerly Incarcerated Individuals. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2024; 68:317-335. [PMID: 35670201 PMCID: PMC10868146 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x221102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many studies discuss the impact of music programs on prison inmates. However, few studies have investigated the impact of music programs on formerly incarcerated individuals (FIIs), and none of them have focused on the programs' characteristics. This phenomenological study explores the characteristics of a music-based rehabilitation program for FIIs. Five FIIs and three staff members who participated in a group music program were interviewed. The following four themes emerged: Continuity-the importance of the FIIs' previous positive acquaintance with the program while still being in prison. Egalitarian approach-the importance of the staff treating the FIIs with understanding, tolerance, non-judgmentalism, and the use of an eye-level approach. Cultural sensitivity-the staff members' sensitivity to the FIIs' different backgrounds to form a connection. Playfulness-the program's ability to break free from a "fight-or-flight" mode and experience a counter mode of playfulness. The findings are discussed through the perspective of positive criminology.
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Ogmen BE, Ince N, Aksoy Altınboga A, Akdogan L, Polat SB, Genc B, Menekse E, Aydin C, Topaloglu O, Ersoy R, Cakir B. An old friend, a new insight: Calcitonin measurement in serum and aspiration needle washout fluids significantly increases the early and accurate detection of medullary thyroid cancer. Cancer Cytopathol 2024; 132:161-168. [PMID: 37950525 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sensitivity of cytological (CY) evaluation after fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for detecting medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a subject of controversy. The routine use of serum calcitonin (CT) in patients with thyroid nodules is not universally adopted. The authors conducted CT screening of FNA washout fluid (FNA-CT) to address the diagnostic challenges. The objective was to assess the contributions of serum CT, FNA cytology (FNA-CY), and FNA-CT to the diagnosis. METHODS Between February 2019 and June 2022 (group 1), the authors prospectively screened the CT of patients with thyroid nodules. Both FNA-CY and FNA-CT were performed for patients with persistently elevated CT values. The sensitivity of FNA-CY, serum CT, and FNA-CT for accurate diagnosis was evaluated. Additionally, the authors retrospectively examined data from patients with thyroid nodules before CT screening (2008-2019) (group 2). They compared the characteristics of MTC patients in groups 1 and 2. RESULTS MTC was identified in 30 patients (0.25%) in group 1 and 19 (0.07%) in group 2. A FNA-CT cutoff value of 4085.5 pg/mL detected MTC with a sensitivity of 96.8%, and a serum CT cutoff value of 28.3 pg/mL detected MTC with a sensitivity of 86.7%. In contrast, FNA-CY detected MTC with a sensitivity of 42.4%. In group 1, 18 patients (60%) with MTC were diagnosed with microcarcinoma, whereas only two patients (10.5%) in group 2 had microcarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS This study detected MTC earlier by routinely measuring serum CT in all patients with nodular thyroid disease and performing FNA-CT in those with elevated values. FNA-CT and serum CT sensitivities were significantly higher than those of FNA-CY. This study revealed different FNA-CT cutoff values compared to other studies, emphasizing the need for determining clinic-specific cutoff values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Evranos Ogmen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Ince
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Aksoy Altınboga
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leyla Akdogan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sefika Burcak Polat
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Birgul Genc
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Health Sciences Institute, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Menekse
- Department of Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cevdet Aydin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oya Topaloglu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Ersoy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Cakir
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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50
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Gill T, McColl K, Lobstein T, Finer N, Coutinho W, Caterson I. W.P.T (Philip) James, born June 27, 1938 and died October 5, 2023 - Tributes from friends and colleagues. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13728. [PMID: 38409669 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gill
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Nick Finer
- National Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention and Outcomes, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, UK
| | - Walmir Coutinho
- Department of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ian Caterson
- SoLES, Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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