Intergenerational Transmission of Work Values: A Meta-Analytic Review

Cultural adaptation to aging: a study on digital cultural adaptation needs of Chinese older adults based on KANO model

Introduction

With the rapid advancement of digitalization and an aging population, China faces unprecedented challenges in older adults' digital cultural adaptation. The "54th Statistical Report on China's Internet Development" reveals that individuals aged 60 and above constitute 14.3% of total internet users. However, significant barriers persist in their digital participation, necessitating a deeper understanding of their adaptation process and needs.

Methods

This study employs the KANO model to assess older adults' digital cultural adaptation. A total of 205 respondents participated in a questionnaire survey, with data analyzed using the highest frequency method and the Better-Worse coefficient. The study categorizes digital cultural needs into three dimensions: must-be requirements, one-dimensional requirements, and attractive requirements.

Results

The findings indicate that: 1. Older adults' digital cultural needs comprise must-be requirements (basic functional design, 47.8%), one-dimensional requirements (social participation, 36.1%), and attractive requirements (innovative experiences, 66.8%). 2. Intergenerational cultural cognitive differences, digital skill levels, and the urban-rural digital divide significantly impact their adaptation process. 3. While respondents positively evaluate digital life satisfaction, personal adaptation, and digital content diversity, they express dissatisfaction and expectations regarding family guidance, age-friendly digital services, and the role of digital content in improving life quality.

Discussion

The results highlight the need for targeted strategies in technical support, content design, and service provision to enhance older adults' digital cultural adaptation. Addressing group-specific needs and preferences through coordinated measures can improve digital inclusion, foster intergenerational cultural integration, and optimize digital cultural service systems. This study offers valuable theoretical insights and practical implications for advancing policies and initiatives that support older adults in the digital era.

Career self-efficacy as a mediator between career-specific parental behaviors and school career support on career doubt

This study evaluates whether career-specific parental behaviors and school career supports predict career doubt via the mediation of career self-efficacy. 227 participants aged between 18 and 25 completed an online questionnaire. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis showed that school career support was significantly related to career doubt via the mediation of career self-efficacy. However, the hypothesized mediation of career self-efficacy between career-specific parental behaviors and career doubt was not supported. Limitation and implications are discussed.

Gender typicality of occupational aspirations among immigrant and native youth: the role of gender ideology, educational aspirations, and work values

The gender typicality of adolescents' occupational aspirations helps sustain occupational segregation, ultimately contributing to maintain gender stratification. According to sociological and psychological perspectives, adolescents develop occupational aspirations by drawing on their gender beliefs and work-related values. Yet few empirical studies have examined the contribution of these value orientations specifically to the gender typicality of occupational aspirations. Moreover, although children from immigrant backgrounds make up an ever-increasing share of school-age students, there is scant evidence on the gender typicality of their occupational aspirations relative to those of their majority peers. This study investigates variations in the gender typicality of occupational aspirations among adolescents from immigrant and non-immigrant backgrounds at around age 16. It also explores how the gender typicality of different groups' aspired occupations relates to differences in gender ideologies, in educational aspirations, and in the importance attributed to three work values: the possibility to earn high income, to help others, and to think and solve problems. Drawing on a harmonized survey from England, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden, the analysis uses a sample of 8,574 adolescents, including 1,510 girls and 1,336 boys from immigrant backgrounds. Multinomial logistic regressions estimated the associations with aspired occupations, classified as masculine, integrated, feminine or ultrafeminine based on the proportion of women working in them. Results indicate that boys and girls of immigrant origin aspired to somewhat less gender-typical occupations than their majority peers. Among girls, these differences would be even larger if they were not suppressed by the more traditional gender ideologies held by girls from immigrant backgrounds. In terms of mediating mechanisms, our findings suggest that more ambitious educational aspirations may partly explain these differences. These findings indicate that distinguishing between multiple dimensions of adolescents' work-related values hint at different underlying mechanisms in the formation of adolescents' occupational aspirations.

Like parent, like offspring: Intergenerational association of parental scarcity mindset with offspring's cooperative behaviors

A sense of resource availability creates a scarcity mindset, leading people to behave in a more competitive way instead of in a collaborative way. This study aims to examine the relationship between scarcity mindset and cooperative behaviors among parents and offspring, and to explore whether parents' scarcity mindset is related to their offspring's scarcity mindset and cooperative behaviors. We collected 239 parent-offspring pairs from several universities in northwest China. They completed the scarcity mindset scale and a one-shot public good game (PGG). A path model analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between scarcity mindset and cooperative behaviors for offspring and their parents, respectively. The relationship between parental scarcity mindset and offspring's cooperative behaviors was also examined. The results showed that there was a high correlation of scarcity mindset between parents and their offspring. Scarcity mindset was negatively related to cooperative behaviors among both parents and offspring. In addition, both parents' cooperative behaviors and offspring's scarcity mindset mediated the relationship between the parental scarcity mindset and offspring's cooperative behaviors. Our results supported the idea that scarcity mindset triggers competitive rather than cooperative orientation. The present findings reveal an intergenerational relationship between scarcity mindset and cooperative behaviors by highlighting the impacts of parental scarcity mindset on that of their offspring's and its additional effects on offspring's cooperative behaviors.

Within-family influences on compliance with social-distancing measures during COVID-19 lockdowns in the United Kingdom

The compliance of adolescents, who are often unfairly portrayed as spreaders of COVID-19, with public health measures is essential for containing diseases. But does adolescents' compliance develop independently from their parents? Using nationally representative longitudinal data and cross-lagged structural equation panel models, here I study compliance with social-distancing measures of 6,752 triplets that comprise the adolescent child (age 19), their mother and their father during two national lockdowns in the United Kingdom. The results show that adolescents have the lowest and their mothers have the highest levels of compliance, and compliance generally drops over time. Moreover, mothers, whether the child lives at home or not, and fathers, when the child lives at home, have significant influence on their adolescent child's compliance. The child also influences their fathers' compliance. The parental influence on adolescents' compliance documented here suggests that family dynamics play a role in compliance with social-distancing guidelines, which may be useful for informing future health policy.

Generational differences in work values in the Korean Government sector

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to compare the perceptions of work values among different generational groups (Boomers, Generation 386, Generation X and Millennials) in the Korean Government sector.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 1,084 employees working in the Korean Government sector, this study compared generational differences in work values with seven dimensions: detail, aggressiveness, team orientation, outcome orientation, people orientation, innovation and organization orientation.

Findings

This study found that Millennials had the most significant differences in aggression, team-orientation, innovation and organization-focus, compared to Generation 386. Millennials were less aggressive and more team-oriented and innovative than Generation 386. Millennials also put less value on the organization compared to Generation X and Generation 386, indicating that Millennials are less willing than other generations to sacrifice their individual needs for the needs of the organization. Generation X had higher values in supportiveness, fairness and respect for individuals than Generation 386.

Originality/value

This study adds to the current literature by empirically examining how employees’ work values are influenced by the generational differences of the workers.

Identities: A developmental social-psychological perspective

In this contribution, we review research that uses a cross-fertilisation approach to integrate developmental and social-psychological perspectives on how identities are formed and changed over time and how identity processes are genuinely social, being embedded in social contexts and fed by social contents. First, we outline the three-factor identity model as a parsimonious approach to understanding the dynamics of identity development. Second, we review empirical studies with longitudinal approaches to shed light on how identity processes are embedded in key contexts such as family, friendships and society at large through behaviours such as civic engagement. Third, we discuss the interplay between personal and social identities. We conclude by highlighting how adopting a cross-fertilisation approach that combines social-psychological and developmental perspective can significantly advance the theoretical understanding of identity dynamics. Finally, we address similarities and differences between personal identity and social identity approaches, and we provide an agenda for future research.

Predictors of organizational commitment among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic

AIM

To investigate organizational commitment among Chinese nurses and analyze factors influencing organizational commitment during COVID-19.

BACKGROUND

Organizational commitment is the most important link between nurses and the organization because it is effective in work retention and the motivation of nurses, especially when addressing the COVID-19 crisis. However, there has been no empirical study conducted to predict organizational commitment in the field of nursing by combining work values with professional practice environments.

METHODS

A cross-sectional predictive study was done with 362 nurses recruited from two tertiary hospitals in China. The Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, the Work Values Scale, and the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index were used to collect data. Two factors related to the organizational commitment of nurses were investigated by using binary logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS

Increased work values and a professional practice environment were associated with an increased likelihood of higher organizational commitment.

DISCUSSION

The COVID-19 crisis became the utmost challenge to global healthcare systems and professional organizational commitment. Nurses' organizational commitment was directly influenced by the professional practice environment and work values, especially intrinsic work values, in which the spirit of collectivism was consequential. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FIELD OF NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: Study results provide information for global hospital administrators to promote these organizational commitment predictive factors, including work values and a professional practice environment in nursing practice. This helped foster a stronger organizational commitment among nurses to reduce nurse resource flow during COVID-19.

Mainstreaming the Gender: Measuring the Job Attributes and Gender Differences across Selected EU Member States

In our research article, we expect that the job attitudes of men and women should converge, and their declared different preferences for job attributes should decrease. We also expect that the preference for job attributes aimed at comfortable working conditions should be closer between men and women due to the growing balance of men’s and women’s role distribution within the household. Therefore, the main goal of the research, using quantitative research methods and using data from the European Values Study (EVS), is to identify the gender differences, if any, in the preferences for external and internal job attributes across selected EU member states. In particular, we focus on the importance of work for men and women; gender differences in job attributes; the preference for external and internal job attributes; the inclination of gender stereotypes and attitudes toward gender roles division; and the comparison of gender equality and job attribute preference in the selected EU countries. Our conclusions confirmed parallels between gender stereotypes and equality among the Western, Eastern, and Southern EU member states.

Intergenerationally penalized? The long-term wage consequences of parental joblessness

Studies of intergenerational stratification and mobility have long called for investigation of the joint role of mothers and fathers in affecting labor market outcomes of children. However, long-term effects of parental joblessness-where no co-residing parent is employed at a given time-are not well understood. Using longitudinal data (covering 9942 person-year observations from 2281 children) from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, this study investigates the long-term association between parental joblessness and children's wages during early adulthood. It examines whether these associations are mediated by family income during childhood and adolescence, educational attainment, and subsequent employment inactivity of the child, and whether exposure at earlier ages is associated with more detrimental effects. Multilevel mixed-effects models regressing hourly wages in early adulthood (observed over 2008-2018) on the proportion of time spent living in a household where no parent is employed (observed over 2001-2007) reveal two major findings. First, exposure to parental joblessness during childhood and adolescence is correlated with adverse wage outcomes during early adulthood in addition to previously documented employment penalties, with similar estimates across age groups. Second, mediation analyses indicate that household income, children's educational attainment, and children's own inactivity reduce the magnitude of this wage penalty, but do not completely offset it.

Semelhanças e diferenças intergeneracionais entre mães e filhas trabalhadoras rurais: características sociodemográficas e reprodutivas

RESUMO Objetivo analisar as semelhanças e diferenças intergeracionais envolvendo características sociodemográficas e reprodutivas entre mães e filhas trabalhadoras rurais. Método estudo analítico e quantitativo desenvolvido em fevereiro de 2018 com 21 díades, mães e filhas trabalhadoras rurais, em idade reprodutiva cadastradas no Programa Chapéu de Palha Mulher − Pernambuco. Utilizou-se o questionário da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde para verificar as características sociodemográficas e reprodutivas. Resultados Mães e filhas não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas para estado conjugal (p = 1,00), grau de instrução (p = 0,053), cor/raça (p = 1,00), religião (p = 1,00), idade que começou a trabalhar (p = 0,433) e horas de trabalho por semana (p = 1,00), participação em grupo de planejamento familiar (p = 0,344), uso de método contraceptivo (p = 0,065), aborto espontâneo (p = 1,00) e parto cesáreo (p = 0,459). Conclusão e implicações para a prática Os resultados sugerem que ocorreu o processo de modelação em diversos aspectos, ou seja, a mãe serviu de figura de referência para as suas filhas na tomada de atitudes e comportamentos, o que necessita maior entendimento sobre relação intergeracional, inclusive entre profissionais de saúde para melhor qualificação na assistência, a exemplo, no cuidado reprodutivo.

Determinants of Job-Finding Intentions Among Young Adults from 11 European Countries

In this study we investigate the impact of individual, parental and social factors on young adults' job-finding intentions across countries and overall. We test our hypotheses by conducting binary logistic regressions on the basis of an original dataset that comprises responses from more than 5200 young adults and their parents from 11 European countries. Our findings show that individual factors are most decisive in shaping the job-finding intentions of young adults. Most importantly, being enrolled in education does not prevent young adults from lowering their aspirations with respect to anticipated earnings or finding more sophisticated jobs. Social factors, in terms of being socially involved or having more friends in employment, lead to stronger mobility intentions as well as to stronger intentions to improve skills or develop new ones. At the country level, and compared to Italian participants, who go through a longer school-to-work transition, participants from Northern or Central European countries, as well as from the United Kingdom, show weaker mobility intentions. In many of these countries, young adults are also more willing than their Italian counterparts to lower income aspirations, while being less inclined to lower their aspirations in terms of finding more sophisticated jobs. In a last step, we reflect on education as a means of improving professional aspirations and the need to offer adequate on-the-ground services to help young people through the school-to-work transition, especially in Southern European countries.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11205-022-02941-6.

Intergenerational similarities and differences between rural working mothers and daughters: socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze similarities and differences involving socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics between rural working mothers and daughters. Method An analytical and quantitative study was developed in February 2018 with 21 dyads, rural working mothers and daughters, of reproductive age registered in the Chapéu de Palha Mulher Program in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The National Health Survey questionnaire was adopted to verify socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics. Results Mothers and daughters did not show statistical differences for marital status (p = 1.00), education level (p = 0.053), skin color/race (p = 1.00), religion (p = 1.00), age when started working (p = 0.433) and working hours per week (p = 1.00), participation in a family planning group (p = 0.344), use of contraceptive methods (p = 0.065), miscarriage (p = 1.00), and cesarean childbirth (p = 0.459). Conclusion and implications for practice The results suggest that the modeling process took place in numerous aspects, meaning these mothers fulfilled a reference role for their daughters in decision-making and behaviors. It requires a greater understanding of intergenerational relationships, especially amongst health professionals, for them to provide a better qualification in assistance, such as in reproductive care.

Intergenerational transmission of cultural socialization and effects on young children's developmental competencies among Mexican-origin families

The current 3-generation (N = 204 families), 3-year longitudinal study examined the intergenerational transmission of cultural socialization among Mexican-origin young mothers and their own mothers (i.e., children's grandmothers) and, in turn, whether young mothers' cultural socialization informed their children's developmental competencies (i.e., interactive play with peers, receptive language, and internalizing and externalizing problem behavior) one year later. Results indicated that mediation was significant, such that grandmother-mother cultural socialization, when children were 3 years old, informed greater mother-child cultural socialization when children were 4 years old, which, in turn, informed children's greater receptive language and interactive play with peers when children were 5 years old. Findings highlight the importance of intergenerational cultural socialization on young children's developmental competencies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).