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Liu Y, Peng S, Wu X, Liu Z, Lian Z, Fan H, Kuang N, Gu X, Yang S, Hu Y, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Cheng W, Feng J, Sahakian BJ, Zhao X, Robbins TW, Becker B, Zhang J. Neural, cognitive and psychopathological signatures of a prosocial or delinquent peer environment during early adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2025; 73:101566. [PMID: 40359598 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2025.101566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2025] [Revised: 05/05/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for brain development, yet the impact of peer environments on brain structure, cognition, and psychopathology remains poorly understood. Here, we capitalized on data from 7806 adolescents (age = 12.02 ± 0.67) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, to determine associations between two distinct peer environments (proportion of prosocial or delinquent friends) and the structural and functional architecture of the brain, cognition, as well as behavioral and emotional dysregulation. A higher proportion of prosocial friends was associated with fewer behavioral problems and larger fronto-cingulate and striatal regions. In contrast, a higher proportion of delinquent friends was linked to increased behavioral problems, lower neurocognitive performance, and decreased functional connectivity in the default-mode and fronto-striato-limbic circuits, which spatially overlapped with external dopamine density maps. Moreover, the associations between prosocial friends and behaviors were mediated by brain volumes (e.g., pallidum), while the associations between delinquent friends and behaviors were primarily mediated by fronto-striato-limbic connectivity. Prosocial friends also attenuated the development of internalizing problems, whereas delinquent friends promoted externalizing symptoms. These findings underscore the profound influence of peer environments on adolescent brain development and mental health, highlighting the need for early interventions to promote resilience and healthy neuro-maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Songjun Peng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Wu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengxu Lian
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaxin Fan
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Nanyu Kuang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrui Gu
- Sino-European School of Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Senyou Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yechen Hu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Chinese language and literature, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xingming Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Becker
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
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Liu Y, Zou Q, Xie Y, Dou K. Exploring Shared and Unique Predictors of Positive and Negative Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Chinese Adolescents Through Machine-Learning Approaches: Discovering Gender and Age Variations. J Youth Adolesc 2025; 54:1109-1127. [PMID: 39661230 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive research on the impact of individual and environmental factors on negative risk-taking behaviors, the understanding of these factors' influence on positive risk-taking, and how it compares to negative risk taking, remains limited. This research employed machine-learning techniques to identify shared and unique predictors across individual, family, and peer domains. Participants (N = 1012; 44% girls; Mage = 14.60 years, SD = 1.16 years) were drawn from three public middle schools in a large city in southern China (with 49.2% in grade 7 and 50.8% in grade 11). The findings indicate that positive risk-taking is significantly associated with general risk propensity, self-control, and negative parenting by father, while negative risk-taking is correlated with self-control, deviant peer affiliations, and peer victimization. Paternal negative parenting triggered positive risk-taking in boys, whereas self-control had a greater impact on girls. For negative risk-taking, boys were more affected by peer victimization, while girls were more influenced by deviant peer affiliations. This study further demonstrates that as progress from junior to senior high school, peer influence grows more significant in predicting positive risk taking; deviant peer affiliations exert a persistent pivotal influence, future positive time perspective replaces life satisfaction, and paternal negative parenting becomes increasingly impactful in predicting negative risk taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifan Zou
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Sociology, School of Public Administration, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kai Dou
- Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
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Neeki MM, Dong F, Issagholian L, MacDowell S, Cerda M, Injijian N, Minezaki K, Neeki CC, Lay R, Ngo T, Peace C, Haga J, Parikh R, Borger RW, Tran L. Sustainability of Treatment Programs Utilizing Medications for Opioid Use Disorders in Incarcerated Young Adults. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2024; 30:374-382. [PMID: 39450468 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.23.02.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
The epidemic of opioid overdose brought a major health crisis to the front line of public health in the United States. Early efforts have focused on the prevention of production, distribution, and consumption of the drugs. However, there is little information about youth populations at risk for opioid overdose and their response to targeted treatment plans. The San Bernardino County Youth Opioid Response (SBCYOR) coalition in collaboration with the San Bernadino County (SBC) Probation Department organized a safety net system for at-risk youth by improving communication among county resources. This program mainly focused on individuals aged 12 to 24 years in the county's detention centers along with educational and prevention projects such as naloxone programs for first responders in the region. To describe the impact of the SBCYOR program on at-risk youth, we compare the frequencies of patients referred and treated with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) at the SBC Probation Department, which was responsible for individuals from age 12 to less than 18 years, with those from the West Valley Detention Center (WVDC), which was responsible for adults (18 to 24 years of age), from September 2020 through June 2022. Similar proportions of youths were referred for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) at the respective sites (3.7% SBC Probation Department, 3.6% WVDC). Of these, however, 78.0% were treated with MOUD at SBC Probation Department compared with only 7.1% at WVDC. SBCYOR coalition partners were able to transform their services into a comprehensive medical and behavioral health program for the incarcerated youth population at risk for OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Neeki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, USA
- San Bernardino County Probation Department, San Bernardino, California, USA
- California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, California, USA
| | - Fanglong Dong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, USA
| | - Leo Issagholian
- California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, California, USA
| | - Samuel MacDowell
- California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, California, USA
| | - Melinda Cerda
- San Bernardino County Probation Department, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Natali Injijian
- San Bernardino County Probation Department, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Kaya Minezaki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, USA
| | - Cameron C Neeki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, USA
| | - Ryan Lay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, USA
| | - Thanh Ngo
- San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Carlos Peace
- San Bernardino County Probation Department, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haga
- San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Rishi Parikh
- San Bernardino Department of Behavioral Health, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Rodney W Borger
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, USA
- California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, California, USA
| | - Louis Tran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, California, USA
- California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, California, USA
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Suarez GL, Shaw DS, Wilson MN, Lemery-Chalfant K, Hyde LW. Inhibitory Control in Late Childhood as a Predictor of Antisocial Behavior in Adolescence and the Role of Social Context. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11121-024-01754-y. [PMID: 39562476 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-024-01754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the factors contributing to adolescent antisocial behavior is crucial for effective interventions. Protracted development of cognitive control systems supporting inhibitory control may be linked to increases in adolescent antisocial behavior, suggesting the promotion of inhibitory control as a potential preventative strategy. Concurrently, social contextual factors, including peer relationships, parent-child dynamics, and the neighborhood environment, may exacerbate or buffer the risk posed by low inhibitory control. In a large, longitudinal sample of youth from racially and ethnically diverse low-income families (N = 731), we examined the association between inhibitory control (age 10.5) and antisocial behavior (age 14) and explored contextual factors (neighborhood, peer relationships, parent-child relationship) as potential moderators. Lastly, we investigated whether a randomized controlled trial of the Family Check-Up (FCU) intervention started at age 2 predicted a decreased youth report of antisocial behavior in adolescence via increased inhibitory control in late childhood. We found that lower inhibitory control in late childhood predicted increased antisocial behavior in adolescence. For youth with low inhibitory control, living in a dangerous neighborhood or associating more with deviant peers increased the risk for adolescent antisocial behavior. Finally, the FCU intervention indirectly reduced youth-reported adolescent antisocial behavior via enhancing inhibitory control in late childhood, and the indirect effect was strongest for youth in risky contexts (e.g., low parental knowledge and control). Although risky contexts can exacerbate individual risks related to deficits in inhibitory control, greater inhibitory control may be a protective factor. Additionally, early childhood interventions can improve inhibitory skills and decrease the risk of adolescent antisocial behavior, particularly for youth within risky contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela L Suarez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Melvin N Wilson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22901, USA
| | | | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Survey Research Center at the Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Bamalan OA, AlSharit MA, Sabbagh KI, Abuzaid AH, Aljubran HJ, Alzahrani WA, Alosaimi NM, Menezes RG. School violence in Saudi Arabia: A scoping review. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2024; 64:224-235. [PMID: 38082558 DOI: 10.1177/00258024231216550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
School violence comprises a broad spectrum of physical, psychological, and sexual acts that impact children and adolescents physically, psychologically, and academically. The aim of this article is to provide a scoping review of school violence in Saudi Arabia. The adversities of school violence and related forensic, legal, and social aspects from a Saudi Arabian perspective are discussed. The articles were extracted through the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases in a comprehensive criteria-based search strategy using relevant MeSH terms to identify papers related to school violence in Saudi Arabia from inception to October 6, 2022, and a total of 14 studies have been extracted and discussed. There were indicates that male students tend to engage in physical violence while females tend to engage in verbal violence. The consequences included having a significant impact on students' mental wellbeing, followed by a decrease in academic performance. Therefore, this study will identify the risk factors and present the preventive methods that can guide local institutions to establish new policies to increase awareness and implement culturally acceptable, community-based programs against school violence in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Abdulqader Bamalan
- College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdulmohsen AlSharit
- College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil Ibrahim Sabbagh
- College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Haleem Abuzaid
- College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Jawad Aljubran
- College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Abdullah Alzahrani
- College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader Mohammed Alosaimi
- College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritesh G Menezes
- College of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Burrow-Sánchez JJ, R Ratcliff B. The Influence of Risk and Protective Factors on Adolescent Alcohol, Cannabis, and Electronic Cigarette Use. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2022; 43:801-821. [PMID: 36301450 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-022-00700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The misuse of substances by adolescents is a serious public health concern in the United States, and the three most used substances by adolescents are alcohol, cannabis, and electronic cigarettes. In accordance with the Social Development Model, a better understanding of the risk and protective factors across these three substances can assist in predicting potential substance use as well as strategies for prevention. The purpose of the current study is to examine the similar or differential influence that a specific set of risk and protective factors (i.e., favorable attitudes toward substance use, perceived risk of harm, peer substance use, interaction with prosocial peers, parental favorable attitudes toward substance use, family management, perceived availability substances, and rewards for prosocial involvement) have on past 30-day alcohol, cannabis, and e-cigarette use by adolescents. The present study is based on a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Prevention Needs Assessment Survey, which is administered every two years in the State of Utah to a large sample of students in grades 6, 8, 10, and 12 grades. A subsample of students (n = 44,728) was included in the present analysis. Logistic regression was used to examine the predictive relation for the set of four risk and four protective factors on past 30-day use of alcohol, cannabis, and e-cigarette use. In general, the results indicated that endorsement of the four risk factors predicted increases in the use of each substance whereas endorsement of the four protective factors predicted decreases in use. Implications of these findings suggest that there may be more similarities in risk and protective factors across alcohol, cannabis, and electronic cigarettes than between them. In addition, this study adds to the budding literature on the risk and protective factors associated with adolescent e-cigarette use.
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Cho S, Lacey B. The Impact of Life Domains on Developmental Trajectories of Peer Delinquency among Korean Adolescents: A Partial Test of Agnew's General Theory of Crime and Delinquency with a Group-Based Trajectory Modeling Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2022; 66:1387-1414. [PMID: 34027697 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x211016326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agnew introduced a new integrated theory; the General Theory of Crime and Delinquency, in which he attempted to corral the most influential predictors of criminal behavior into more parsimonious propositions of multiple life domains-self, family, peer, school, and work-as well as constraints against crime and motivations for it. This study presents a partial test of the theory using longitudinal data of 2,351 Korean adolescents. A group-based modeling approach (latent class growth analysis) was run to examine direct effects of life domains on peer delinquency as well as mediating effects of constraints and motivation on their relationships. The study identified three subgroups: early onset/decreasing (3.2%), moderate (12.4%), and low/none (84.4%). The findings revealed that the self and peer domains exhibited a positive impact on the early onset/decreasing trajectory group compared to the low/none group with the constraint exhibiting a negative impact. The moderate trajectory group demonstrated that the self-domain was significant but was not rendered insignificant after controlling for constraints and motivations. The study provided moderate support for life domains within Agnew's new theory for peer delinquency in nonwestern countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Cho
- Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, USA
| | - Brett Lacey
- Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, USA
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O'Donnell AW, Stuart J, Jose PE, Homel J. Trajectories of Substance Use and Well-being in Early and Middle Adolescence Shaped by Social Connectedness. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:769-784. [PMID: 33961313 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing substance use and decreasing well-being are typical in adolescence, yet how social contexts shape disparate development during this time is less well-understood. A latent growth class analysis was conducted that identified groups of early (N = 706; Agem = 12.20) and middle (N = 666; Agem = 14.38) adolescents distinguished by rates of substance use and well-being over three years. In both cohorts, the largest group reported low substance use and high well-being, with a smaller group exhibiting maladaptive trajectories for both substance use and well-being. Two additional groups were identified during middle adolescence characterized by either low well-being or high substance use. Family connectedness was a protective factor, while high peer connectedness was a risk factor for substance-use groups and low peer connectedness for languishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W O'Donnell
- College of Business, Government, & Law, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jaimee Stuart
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University,, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul E Jose
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline Homel
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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Zhao Q, Huang Y, Li C. Does adolescents’ Internet addiction trigger depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior, or vice versa? The moderating roles of peer relationships and gender. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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“Every Sinner Has a Future”: Religiosity, Future Orientation, Self-Control, and Marijuana Use. RELIGIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rel13020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Based on previous research, I hypothesize that religious adolescents living in the United States are more likely to have a future orientation (i.e., they are more likely to think about the future), which in turn contributes to their greater self-control. I also hypothesize that a future orientation and self-control mediate the effect of religious service attendance and importance of religion on adolescent marijuana use. Based on the second wave of the National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR), I find partial support for these hypotheses. Adolescents who believe that religion is important are more likely to think about the future, and adolescents who attend religious services frequently are less likely to use marijuana. Contrary to expectations, however, adolescents who think more about the future have lower self-control and thinking about the future and self-control do not explain the relationship between religious service attendance and marijuana use. The results also suggest that adolescents who identify as spiritual but not religious have lower self-control, and use marijuana more frequently compared to adolescents who do not identify as spiritual but not religious.
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Carlo G, Knight GP, Davis AN. Kindness towards all: Prosocial behaviors to address U.S. Latinx youth social inequities. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 63:129-148. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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May NG, Ballard SC, Siperstein GN. It's right, but risky too: Inclusive behavior as a positive risk in adolescence. J Adolesc 2021; 89:41-54. [PMID: 33866134 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although adolescent risk-taking is often characterized as negative, more recent work focuses on risk as a spectrum of negative to positive behaviors. We propose inclusive behavior as a new category of positive risk-taking focused on helping and facilitating social belonging for those who are marginalized or excluded. We use a qualitative approach to explore adolescents' perceptions of the risks involved in inclusive behavior and the factors that motivate acting inclusively at school. METHODS 30 focus groups were conducted at 16 middle and high schools across the United States. The cross-sectional sample consisted of 194 students in grades 6-12 (11-19 years old). Students were majority female (61%) and self-identified as white (68%). Data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS Students often perceived the decision to act inclusively as risky because it involved weighing uncertain outcomes, including potential costs (e.g. peer rejection) and rewards (e.g. friendship). Students primarily focused on the role of peer group influence, but also discussed how school norms, the identity of the peer they were trying to include, and their own motivations affected the perceived risk involved in acting inclusively. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an exploratory look at adolescents' experiences of inclusive behavior. Findings support the current conceptualization of positive risk-taking behavior and suggest a multi-level framework for inclusive risks. Exploring the factors that make inclusive behavior differentially risky across individuals and contexts is a first step towards understanding how inclusive behavior fits within the positive risk-taking framework and designing interventions to reduce the risks involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie G May
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Center for Social Development and Education, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
| | - Staci C Ballard
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Center for Social Development and Education, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
| | - Gary N Siperstein
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Center for Social Development and Education, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
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Boswinkel N, van Horn JE. The Forensic Symptoms Inventory-Youth Version-Revised: Development and Age Invariance Testing of a Broad-Spectrum Questionnaire for Forensic Assessment. Psychol Rep 2020; 124:1956-1987. [PMID: 32854593 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120953559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering both individual and neuropsychological factors, the Forensic Symptom Inventory-Youth Version-Revised (FSI-YV-R) is the first broad spectrum questionnaire for adolescents in forensic care, measuring several deficits, such as executive dysfunctions, anger, and inadequate coping to enhance treatment goals and evaluate interventions. In this study, both the factor structure and the measurement and structural invariance of the FSI-YV-R were investigated. The sample consisted of 159 forensic juvenile outpatients (79.9% males and 20.1% females) aged 12 to 19 with a mean age of 16.07 (SD = 1.57). Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analyses identified a second-order model (measuring executive functioning) and proved measurement and structural invariant across age groups (younger adolescents, 12-15 years and older adolescents, 16-18 years). Contrary to the expectations none of the FSI-YV-R subscales differentiated between younger adolescents (N = 74) and older adolescents (N = 85). These results and implications for both theory and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Boswinkel
- de Waag, Centre for Outpatient Forensic Mental Health, the Netherlands
| | - Joan E van Horn
- de Waag, Centre for Outpatient Forensic Mental Health, the Netherlands
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Walters GD. Positive Peers-The Neglected Stepchildren of Social Influence Theories of Crime. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:719-732. [PMID: 32140902 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite being one of the least studied components of social influence, positive peer associations have much to offer social learning theories of crime. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether positive peer associations moderate the peer influence effect central to social learning theory. Data provided by 3869 (1970 boys, 1899 girls) members of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) were used to test the hypothesis that positive peer associations interact with components of peer influence to protect adolescents against future delinquency. A simple mediation analysis confirmed the existence of a significant indirect effect running from peer delinquency, to low empathy, to participant delinquency. When positive peer associations were added to the model as moderators, they achieved a significant negative moderating effect on the peer delinquency-low empathy path and a significant positive moderating effect on the low empathy-participant delinquency path. In this study, positive peer associations increased empathy in children with fewer delinquent peer associations and decreased offending in children with lower levels of empathy. Given evidence of their ability to inhibit negative peer influence and promote empathy in the service of reduced delinquency, positive peer associations deserve more attention from social learning theories of crime than they have thus far received.
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