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Dong J, Bai T, Hu Y, Zhang X, Dai Y, Xu C, Fan J, Wang S, Li Z. Half-life determination of the ground state decay of 167Tm and 168Tm. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 209:111339. [PMID: 38718613 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Precise determination of half-lives of 167Tm and 168Tm are important for their application in nuclear medicine diagnostics, nuclear forensics, and other nuclear data measurements. We produced 167Tm and 168Tm sources using an α-particle beam bombarded 165Ho target and a series purification steps. A series of 173 measurements was performed over a period of 44 days using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector to track the count rate change as a function of time by following the 207.8 keV and 531.5 keV γ-lines to determine the radioactive decay half-life of 167Tm. The measurement of half-life of 168Tm ground state has been performed using the same HPGe γ-ray spectrometer to observe γ-lines at 198.3 keV, 816.0 keV, 184.3 keV, 741.4 keV and 914.9 keV. Weighted least-squares fits of exponential decay curves were performed for the dataset of each γ-ray emission, with final determined half-lives of 9.250(15) d and 93.41(12) d for 167Tm and 168Tm, respectively. The uncertainty budgets are presented and discussed in detail. Our result of 167Tm half-life is consistent with the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) recommended half-life of 9.25(2) d. The outcome of 168Tm half-life determination is longer than the ENSDF recommended half-life of 93.1(2) d. Further independent measurements would be ideal to resolve the discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangpeng Dong
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China.
| | - Tao Bai
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Yaowen Hu
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Yihua Dai
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Jinlong Fan
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
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2
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Pibida L, Bergeron DE, Collins SM, Ivanov P, Cessna JT, Fitzgerald RP, Mewburn-Crook J, Zimmerman BE, King L. Absolute emission intensities of the gamma rays from the decay of 224Ra and 212Pb progenies and the half-life of the 212 Pb decay. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 205:111171. [PMID: 38181577 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Absolute gamma-ray emission intensities for 36 characteristic gamma rays from the decay of 224Ra, 212Pb, and their progeny were determined by measuring sources calibrated for activity by means of primary methods based on well-defined high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors at both NIST and NPL. Results from the two laboratories agree with recent data evaluations, except for gamma rays with low emission intensities. The decay schemes have been re-balanced based on the new results. In addition, the half-life for 212Pb was measured using several HPGe detectors, ionization chambers, and a well-type NaI(Tl) detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pibida
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - D E Bergeron
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - P Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - J T Cessna
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - R P Fitzgerald
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - J Mewburn-Crook
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - B E Zimmerman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - L King
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
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3
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Marganiec-Gałązka J, Czudek M, Lech E, Listkowska A, Saganowski P, Tymiński Z, Ziemek T. Activity standardization and half-life measurement of 177Lu. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 197:110829. [PMID: 37119706 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The activity of the 177Lu solution has been measured by means of the CIEMAT/NIST efficiency tracing method. This result has been compared to the previous obtained results received from 4πβ(LS)-γ coincidence and anticoincidence counting. The activities determined with various methods have been found to be consistent. The decay curve of the 177Lu solution has been followed in the TDCR counter to determine the half-life of this isotope. The half-life has been separately determined for double and triple coincidence events. The arithmetic mean value of these two results has been found to be T1/2 = 6.6489(52) d.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marganiec-Gałązka
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland.
| | - M Czudek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - E Lech
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - A Listkowska
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - P Saganowski
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Z Tymiński
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - T Ziemek
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Radioisotope Centre POLATOM (POLATOM), Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
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4
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Dong J, Bai T, Dai Y, Zhang X, Fan J, Hu Y, Song X, Ma Y, Miao L, Shi Q, Li Z. Half-life determination of 111Ag. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 194:110689. [PMID: 36731389 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
111Ag is a radionuclide that can be generated by neutron capture on 110Pd and whose decay properties and production feasibility make it a potential therapeutic agent against arthritis. Due to the discrepancies of recent published values of the half-life of 111Ag with previous published works which are not thoroughly documented for detailed experiment procedures and uncertainty budgets evaluation, an independent redetermination of the 111Ag half-life value is required. In this work, a solid 111Ag source was prepared and repeatedly measured in a high purity Germanium (HPGe) detector to determine its half-life. In total, more than fifty measurements were performed over a period of 26.3 days, corresponding to ∼3.5 half-lives of 111Ag. The experimental method and corresponding uncertainty budget are presented. The result of 7.419(15) days is consistent with the recently published value, 7.423(13) days, by Collins et al. and deviates by 0.418% from the currently recommended value 7.45(1) days. A new recommend half-life value of 7.437(7) days was determined utilizing all available experimental values by a power-moderated mean (PMM) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangpeng Dong
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China.
| | - Tao Bai
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Yihua Dai
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Jinlong Fan
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Yaowen Hu
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Liangliang Miao
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Quanlin Shi
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
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5
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Dong J, Bai T, Hu Y, Zhang X, Fan J, Dai Y, Miao L, Yu X, Li Z. Determination of the half-life of 161Tb. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 193:110647. [PMID: 36603457 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
161Tb has potential applications in targeted radionuclide therapy and nuclear forensic science. However, the half-lives of 161Tb in previous studies show a discrepancy. In this study, 161Tb samples were produced by irradiating 160Gd2O3 with thermal neutron flux. A series of procedures were applied to extract a pure 161Tb solution and three solid samples were prepared. The half-life of 161Tb has been measured with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The time-dependency of the 161Tb activity was followed by assessing the count rate of their characteristic gamma-ray emissions at 48.9 keV and 74.6 keV over a period of 33-43 days. The experiment and uncertainty budget are discussed in detail. Different uncertainty propagation equations were applied for random uncertainties, medium-frequency deviations and potential systematic errors. The result for the 161Tb half-life of 6.967 (11) d was determined by the weighted mean of half-lives from three samples, which confirms that the half-life is longer than the of the current evaluated half-life of 6.89 (2) d. From all available quoted experimental values, a recommended half-life of 6.934 (14) d was determined by the power-moderated method (PMM). Based on recent four published half-life values, a half-life of 161Tb of 6.9582 (33) d was determined by the PMM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangpeng Dong
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China.
| | - Tao Bai
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Yaowen Hu
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Xiangbo Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Jinlong Fan
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Yihua Dai
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Liangliang Miao
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Xiaoren Yu
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an, 710024, China
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6
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Half-life measurement of 44Sc and 44mSc. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 190:110507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Determination of the half-life of 91Sr in uranium sample bombarded by 14.8 MeV neutron. RADIATION DETECTION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41605-022-00332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Abstract
AbstractRadionuclides, whether naturally occurring or artificially produced, are readily detected through their particle and photon emissions following nuclear decay. Radioanalytical techniques use the radiation as a looking glass into the composition of materials, thus providing valuable information to various scientific disciplines. Absolute quantification of the measurand often relies on accurate knowledge of nuclear decay data and detector calibrations traceable to the SI units. Behind the scenes of the radioanalytical world, there is a small community of radionuclide metrologists who provide the vital tools to convert detection rates into activity values. They perform highly accurate primary standardisations of activity to establish the SI-derived unit becquerel for the most relevant radionuclides, and demonstrate international equivalence of their standards through key comparisons. The trustworthiness of their metrological work crucially depends on painstaking scrutiny of their methods and the elaboration of comprehensive uncertainty budgets. Through meticulous methodology, rigorous data analysis, performance of reference measurements, technological innovation, education and training, and organisation of proficiency tests, they help the user community to achieve confidence in measurements for policy support, science, and trade. The author dedicates the George Hevesy Medal Award 2020 to the current and previous generations of radionuclide metrologists who have devoted their professional lives to this noble endeavour.
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9
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Kossert K, Nähle OJ, Honig A, Röttger S. Activity standardization by means of liquid scintillation counting and determination of the half-life of 89Zr. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 181:110078. [PMID: 34973514 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A89Zr solution was measured by means of liquid scintillation counting techniques in order to determine the activity concentration. Two methods were used: the CIEMAT/NIST efficiency tracing method with 3H as a tracer, and the triple-to-double coincidence ratio method. The counting efficiencies were computed with a stochastic model. The very detailed investigation showed that a few corrections are particularly important: Asymmetries in the photodetector responses as well as the backscattering of high-energy gamma rays must be taken into account. Corresponding corrections have therefore been applied. In addition, a detailed uncertainty analysis was carried out and the uncertainties compared with those determined by other research groups. The activity concentrations obtained from the two methods agree well and a combined result was used to establish calibration factors for ionization chambers, which are important secondary standardization instruments. The ionization chambers were combined with a new high-precision current measurement device to provide outstanding linearity. Measurement data from one chamber were used to determine the half-life, which was found to be T1/2=(78.373 ± 0.023) h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Kossert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Ole J Nähle
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anja Honig
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Röttger
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
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10
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11
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Kajan I, Pommé S, Pelczar K, Heinitz S. Measurement of the 145Sm half-life. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 178:109978. [PMID: 34653880 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The half-life of 145Sm has been measured by means of the reference source method with a HPGe detector. The long-lived radionuclide 44Ti was mixed into the source for reference. The time-dependency of the 145Sm/44Ti activity ratio was followed by assessing the count-rate ratio of their characteristic gamma-ray emissions at 61.2 keV (145Sm) and 67.9/78.3 keV (44Ti) in spectra recorded over periods of typically one day. In total, 220 measurements were performed over a period of 384 days or about one half-life period. The experiment and ensuing uncertainty budget are discussed in detail. Different error propagation is applied for random uncertainties, autocorrelated structures in the fit residuals, and potential systematic errors. The result for the 145Sm half-life, 345 (16) d, is compatible with the scarce literature values, however the experimental details of the old measurements were barely documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kajan
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - S Pommé
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - K Pelczar
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - S Heinitz
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
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12
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Massoud A, Derbalah A, El-Mehasseb I, Allah MS, Ahmed MS, Albrakati A, Elmahallawy EK. Photocatalytic Detoxification of Some Insecticides in Aqueous Media Using TiO 2 Nanocatalyst. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179278. [PMID: 34501865 PMCID: PMC8431621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to fabricate a titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocatalyst with proper characteristics for the removal of some insecticides (dimethoate and methomyl) from aqueous media. A TiO2 catalyst of regular (TiO2-commercial-/H2O2/UV) or nano (TiO2-synthesized-/H2O2/UV) size was employed as an advanced oxidation process by combining it with H2O2 under light. Moreover, the total detoxification of insecticides after treatment with the most effective system (TiO2(s)/H2O2/UV) was also investigated through exploring the biochemical alterations and histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys of the treated rats. Interestingly, the present study reported that degradation rates of the examined insecticides were faster using the TiO2 catalyst of nano size. Complete degradation of the tested insecticides (100%) was achieved under the TiO2(s)/H2O2/UV system after 320 min of irradiation. The half-life values of the tested insecticides under H2O2/TiO2(c)/UV were 43.86 and 36.28 for dimethoate and methomyl, respectively, whereas under the H2O2/TiO2(c)/UV system, the half-life values were 27.72 and 19.52 min for dimethoate and methomyl, respectively. On the other hand, no significant changes were observed in the biochemical and histopathological parameters of rats administrated with water treated with TiO2(s)/H2O2/UV compared to the control, indicating low toxicity of the TiO2 nanocatalyst-. Altogether, the advanced oxidation processes using TiO2 nanocatalyst can be considered as a promising and effective remediation technology for the complete detoxification of methomyl and dimethoate in water. However, further future research is needed to identify the possible breakdown products and to verify the safety of the used nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Massoud
- Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.M.); (A.D.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Aly Derbalah
- Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.M.); (A.D.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Ibrahim El-Mehasseb
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Moustafa Saad Allah
- Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; (A.M.); (A.D.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Mohamed S. Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leon, 24004 Leon, Spain
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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13
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Half-life determination of 88Kr based on rapid Kr–Xe separation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Durán MT, Juget F, Nedjadi Y, Bochud F, Talip Z, van der Meulen NP, Köster U, Duchemin C, Stora T, Bailat C. Ytterbium-175 half-life determination. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 176:109893. [PMID: 34425350 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
175Yb is a radionuclide that can be generated by neutron capture on 174Yb and whose decay properties make it useful for developing therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. As it happens with many of the emerging radionuclides for medical uses in recent years, its nuclear data were determined decades ago and are not thoroughly documented nor accurate enough for metrological purposes. The last documented reference for the 175Yb half-life value is 4.185(1) days and dates back to 1989, so a redetermination of the value was considered appropriate before standardization at the Institute of Radiation Physics (IRA, Lausanne, Switzerland) primary measurements laboratory. Three independent measurement methods were used to this purpose: reference ionization chamber (CIR, chambre d'ionization de référence), CeBr3 γ-ray detector with digital electronics and a second CeBr3 detector with analog electronics and single-channel analyzer (SCA) counting. The value obtained for the 175Yb half-life is 4.1615(30) days which shows a 0.56% relative deviation to the last nuclear reference value (ENSDF 2004) and is supported with a detailed calculation of the associated uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ulli Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, France
| | - Charlotte Duchemin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern-en stralingsfysica (IKS), B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Stora
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claude Bailat
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Takács MP, Kossert K. Half-life determination of short-lived nuclear levels in 237Np (59.54 keV), 233Pa (86.47 keV) and 227Ac (27.37 keV). Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 176:109858. [PMID: 34332426 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
New half-life values for isomeric states in 237Np, 233Pa and 227Ac were measured by means of 4πα(LS)-γ coincidence counting with digital data acquisition. A careful assessment of uncertainties was carried out, and the new results are found to be much more precise than any previous measurement result. The half-lives were found to be T1/2Np237,E=59.54keV=67.86±0.09ns, T1/2Pa233,E=86.47keV=36.44±0.10ns and T1/2Ac227,E=27.37keV=38.56±0.15ns, respectively. A comprehensive study of literature data was undertaken for a new data evaluation that includes the results from this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell P Takács
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Karsten Kossert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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16
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Half-life determination of 88Rb using the 4πβ and 4πβγ-coincidence methods. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 166:109366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Jun Z, Yingzeng Z, Youjin G, Fei L, Qingpei X, Yongchun X, Fanhua H. High-precision half-life measurement of 123Xe and 125Xe for fuel areal density diagnosing in inertial confinement fusion. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 168:109511. [PMID: 33246790 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The half-lives of 123Xe and 125Xe are important to diagnose deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel areal density in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). In this work, those two half-lives have been measured with HPGe γ-ray spectrometers using the reference source method. Data have been recorded over seven half-lives with three independent measurements for 123Xe and two for 125Xe. New values of 123Xe (2.040 ± 0.009) h and 125Xe (17.048 ± 0.032) h have been determined with significant reduction of the uncertainty compared to the currently recommended value of (2.08 ± 0.02) and (16.9 ± 0.2) h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Jun
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Zhang Yingzeng
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China.
| | - Gong Youjin
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Luo Fei
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Xiang Qingpei
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Xiang Yongchun
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Hao Fanhua
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
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18
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Pibida L, Bergeron DE, Zimmerman B, Fitzgerald R, Cessna JT, King L. Determination of the half-life and the absolute photon emission intensities for the main gamma-ray energies of 124I. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 167:109455. [PMID: 33039762 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) performed new standardization measurements for 124I. As part of this work the absolute photon emission intensity for the main gamma-rays of 124I were determined using several high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors. In addition, the half-life for 124I was also determined using an HPGe detector. Ionization chamber measurements were performed for additional sources, but it was not possible to obtain a precise half-life value.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pibida
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - D E Bergeron
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
| | - B Zimmerman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
| | - R Fitzgerald
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
| | - J T Cessna
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
| | - L King
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
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19
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Fenwick AJ, Collins SM, Evans WD, Ferreira KM, Paisey SJ, Robinson AP, Marshall C. Absolute standardisation and determination of the half-life and gamma emission intensities of 89Zr. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 166:109294. [PMID: 32977243 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An absolute standardisation of 89Zr was performed alongside determination of gamma emission intensities and half-life. The collected data were evaluated alongside complementary works from previous publications and new recommended nuclear data values are presented including a new evaluated T1/2 = 78.361(25) h and new absolute intensities for gamma transitions resulting from its decay to 89Y. Dial settings for commercially available radionuclide calibrators are also presented and show a relative difference of approximately 3% compared to previously published values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Fenwick
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, UK; Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Sean M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, UK; The University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - William D Evans
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Wales Research and Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Stephen J Paisey
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Wales Research and Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew P Robinson
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, UK; The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Marshall
- Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Wales Research and Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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20
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Fitzgerald R, Bergeron DE, Giblin SP, Jarrett DG, Judge SM, Michotte C, Scherer H, Zimmerman NM. The next generation of current measurement for ionization chambers. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 163:109216. [PMID: 32561054 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Re-entrant ionization chambers (ICs) are essential to radionuclide metrology and nuclear medicine for maintaining standards and measuring half-lives. The requirements of top-level metrology demand that systems must be precise and stable to 0.1 % over many years, and linear from 10-14 A to 10-8 A. Thus, laboratories depend on bespoke current measurement systems and often rely on sealed sources to generate reference currents. To maintain and improve present capabilities, metrologists need to overcome two looming challenges: ageing electronics and decreasing availability of sealed sources. Possible solutions using Ultrastable Low-Noise Current Amplifiers (ULCAs), resistive-feedback electrometers, and (quantum) single-electron pumps are reviewed. Broader discussions of IC design and methodology are discussed. ULCAs show promise and resistive-feedback systems which take advantage of standard resistor calibrations offer an alternative.
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21
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Derivation of an uncertainty propagation factor for half-life determinations. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 158:109046. [PMID: 32174372 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An analytical equation is derived for the uncertainty propagation factor for a half-life determination from a least-squares fit to equidistant activity measurements performed with identical relative uncertainties. The obtained formula applies to a purely random statistical uncertainty component. It is equivalent to the solution published by Parker in Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 286, 502. A more general equation for weighted least-squares fitting is derived and presented in a compact manner. It is used as a benchmark to verify the applicability of Parker's solution to non-equidistant data with unequal uncertainties.
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22
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Durán MT, Juget F, Nedjadi Y, Bochud F, Grundler PV, Gracheva N, Müller C, Talip Z, van der Meulen NP, Bailat C. Determination of 161Tb half-life by three measurement methods. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 159:109085. [PMID: 32250758 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The radiolanthanide 161Tb is being studied as an alternative to 177Lu for targeted radionuclide tumor therapy. Both β--particle emitters show similar chemical behavior and decay characteristics, but 161Tb delivers additional conversion and Auger electron emissions that may enhance the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, the half-life of 161Tb was determined by a combination of three independent measurement systems: reference ionization chamber (CIR, chambre d'ionization de référence), portable ionization chamber (TCIR) and a CeBr3 γ-emission detector with digital electronics. The half-life determined for 161Tb is 6.953(2) days, showing a significant improvement in the uncertainty, which is one order of magnitude lower, with a deviation of 0.91% from the last nuclear data reference value. The previous large uncertainty of the half-life had a direct impact on activity measurements. Now it is no more an obstacle to a primary standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pascal V Grundler
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nadezda Gracheva
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Talip
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Claude Bailat
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Kossert K, Takács MP, Nähle O. Determination of the activity of 225Ac and of the half-lives of 213Po and 225Ac. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 156:109020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.109020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Jun Z, Youjin G, Xiaofeng G, Qingpei X, Fanhua H, Yongchun X, Changfan Z. Half-life determination of 77Kr using the reference source method. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 152:101-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Takács MP, Kossert K, Nähle OJ. Standardisation of 85Sr with digital anticoincidence counting and half-life determination of the 514 keV level of 85Rb. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 153:108799. [PMID: 31326792 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The activity of a 85Sr solution was determined by means of fully digital 4πβ(LS)-γ anticoincidence counting. The measurements were carried out in a custom-built, combined TDCR / 4πβ(LS)-γ coincidence system, utilising a commercially available CAEN N6751C digitizer. The analysis of the experimental data, collected in list-mode format, was performed off-line by using the SoftKAM computer code developed at PTB. The data were also used to determine the half-life of the 514 keV level of 85Rb which was found to be (1020.2 ± 6.0) ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell P Takács
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Karsten Kossert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ole J Nähle
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
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26
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Pommé S, Stroh H, Van Ammel R. The 55Fe half-life measured with a pressurised proportional counter. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 148:27-34. [PMID: 30917331 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The half-life of 55Fe has been measured accurately by following the decay curve of three sources with a large pressurised proportional counter. An argon(90%)-methane(10%) mixture was used as counter gas, at atmospheric pressure (∼1 × 105 Pa) and at enhanced pressures of 5 × 105 Pa and 8 × 105 Pa (for 1 source), respectively. The first measurements were performed in 2001, but the experiment was executed more systematically between 2005 and 2018, covering a period of about 5 half-lives. The residuals from an exponential decay curve were of the order of 0.1% to 0.2% at 1 × 105 Pa, and 0.03% at 5 × 105 Pa and 8 × 105 Pa. The gain of stability with increased gas pressure was due to asymptotically reaching the maximum counting efficiency, resulting in lower sensitivity to pressure variations. The deduced half-life value of T1/2(55Fe) = 1006.70 (15) d or 2.7563 (4) a is more accurate than other data in literature, which are mutually discrepant. It is consistent with previous measurements at JRC with an X-ray defined solid angle counter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pommé
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Retieseweg 111, B-2440, Geel, Belgium.
| | - H Stroh
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Retieseweg 111, B-2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - R Van Ammel
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Retieseweg 111, B-2440, Geel, Belgium
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27
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New measurement of the 238U decay constant with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Pommé S, Paepen J, Van Ammel R. Linearity check of an ionisation chamber through 99 mTc half-life measurements. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 140:171-178. [PMID: 30029094 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The half-life of 99 mTc was measured at the JRC using the ionisation chamber 'IC1' (type Centronic IG12). The result, T1/2(99 mTc) = 6.00660 (18) h, is in good agreement with literature data. One experiment was performed in IC1's default set-up with the ionisation current being integrated over an air capacitor and read out as a voltage increase over time. This ensured excellent linearity and precision throughout the dynamic range, but the maximum current was limited to 2 nA. In a second test, the current was directly read out with a Keithley 6517 A electrometer. Applying correction factors for the automatic range switching of the electrometer, an acceptable linearity was demonstrated over a range of 12 half-life periods starting at 20 nA. Range switching and autocorrelation of the current readout increase the systematic and random error propagation factors. Piecewise fitting of the decay curve over periods of 6 h yields the same 99 mTc half-life value within 0.04% (0.0025 h) standard deviation over an activity range spanning at least 10 half-life periods (3 orders of magnitude).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pommé
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium.
| | - J Paepen
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - R Van Ammel
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
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29
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Standardisation and half-life of 89 Zr. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 134:421-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Bergeron DE, Cessna JT, Zimmerman BE. Two determinations of the Ge-68 half-life. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 134:416-420. [PMID: 29100721 PMCID: PMC6236682 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In nuclear medicine, 68Ge is used to generate 68Ga for imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) and sealed sources containing 68Ge/68Ga in equilibrium have been adopted as long-lived calibration surrogates for the more common PET nuclide, 18F. We prepared several 68Ge sources for measurement on a NaI(Tl) well counter and a pressurized ionization chamber, following their decay for 110 weeks (≈ 2.8 half-lives). We determined values for the 68Ge half-life of T1/2 = 271.14(15) d and T1/2 = 271.07(12) d from the NaI(Tl) well counter and ionization chamber measurements, respectively. These are in accord with the current Decay Data Evaluation Project (DDEP) recommended value of T1/2 = 270.95(26) d and we discuss the expected impact of our measurements on this value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E Bergeron
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Jeffrey T Cessna
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Brian E Zimmerman
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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31
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Pibida L, Zimmerman B, Bergeron DE, Fitzgerald R, Cessna JT, King L. Determination of photon emission probability for the main gamma ray and half-life measurements of 64Cu. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 129:6-12. [PMID: 28783614 PMCID: PMC6290464 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) performed new standardization measurements for 64Cu. As part of this work the photon emission probability for the main gamma-ray line and the half-life were determined using several high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors. Half-life determinations were also carried out with a NaI(Tl) well counter and two pressurized ionization chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pibida
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - B Zimmerman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
| | - D E Bergeron
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
| | - R Fitzgerald
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
| | - J T Cessna
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
| | - L King
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
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32
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Uncertainty Analysis in the Calibration of an Emission Tomography System for Quantitative Imaging. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9830386. [PMID: 29312467 PMCID: PMC5660760 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9830386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is generally acknowledged that calibration of the imaging system (be it a SPECT or a PET scanner) is one of the critical components associated with in vivo activity quantification in nuclear medicine. The system calibration is generally performed through the acquisition of a source with a known amount of radioactivity. The decay-corrected calibration factor is the “output” quantity in a measurement model for the process. This quantity is a function of a number of “input” variables, including total counts in the volume of interest (VOI), radionuclide activity concentration, source volume, acquisition duration, radionuclide half-life, and calibration time of the radionuclide. Uncertainties in the input variables propagate through the calculation to the “combined” uncertainty in the output quantity. In the present study, using the general formula given in the GUM (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) for aggregating uncertainty components, we derive a practical relation to assess the combined standard uncertainty for the calibration factor of an emission tomography system. At a time of increasing need for accuracy in quantification studies, the proposed approach has the potential to be easily implemented in clinical practice.
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33
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Collé R, Collé AM. On the 209Po half-life error and its confirmation: a critique. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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García-Toraño E, Peyrés V, Roteta M, Sánchez-Cabezudo A, Romero E, Martínez Ortega A. Standardisation and precise determination of the half-life of 44 Sc. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 109:314-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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35
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Pommé S, Benedik L. On the 209Po half-life error and its confirmation: an answer to the critique. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015; 309:931-940. [PMID: 27453618 PMCID: PMC4939164 DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pommé et al. published a paper claiming that the 209Po half-life is 20 % higher than the erroneous value of 102 (5) a used for 50 years. Collé and Collé published a critique saying that 'this claim cannot withstand critical scrutiny'. In this work, counterarguments are presented to the critique. The experiment has been continued and a new intermediate half-life value of 122.7 (27) a was obtained. A brief review is made of the 209Po half-life value by Collé et al. and a recommended value of 122.9 (23) a is derived from both experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan Pommé
- />European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
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36
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Collins S, Pommé S, Jerome S, Ferreira K, Regan P, Pearce A. The half-life of 227Th by direct and indirect measurements. Appl Radiat Isot 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Bergeron DE, Fitzgerald R. Two determinations of the (223)Ra half-life. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 102:74-80. [PMID: 25997112 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ra-223 is an alpha-emitter that is being used as a bone-seeking radiotherapeutic agent. The relatively large uncertainty on its evaluated half-life (0.26%, Bé et al., 2011) is an impediment to precision activity assays, which often involve measurements by various methods over time spans of days or weeks. We have performed two series of measurements using an ionization chamber (IC) and a NaI(Tl) well counter (γ-wc) to determine new, precise values for the (223)Ra half-life. We have endeavored to realistically assess the uncertainties on the derived half-lives, looking beyond the fit uncertainties to identify uncertainty components acting on multiple timescales. We recovered respective values of 11.447(6)d and 11.445(13)d from the IC and γ-wc measurements. Our values are in accord with the evaluated value of 11.43(3)d, but with smaller combined uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E Bergeron
- Radiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Ryan Fitzgerald
- Radiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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38
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Collins S, Pearce A, Ferreira K, Fenwick A, Regan P, Keightley J. Direct measurement of the half-life of 223Ra. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 99:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pommé S, Stroh H, Benedik L. Confirmation of 20% error in the (209)Po half-life. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 97:84-86. [PMID: 25569198 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
First results of a half-life measurement of (209)Po show 20% discrepancy with the formerly recommended value of 102 (5) years, which was based on a single experiment performed in 1956. After one year of measurement, a statistical uncertainty on T1/2 of 3.5% has been reached and effects of long-term instability are assumed to be less than 5%. The preliminary half-life value obtained in this work, 120 (6) years, supports the newly determined value of 125.2 (33) years by Collé et al. (2014). The 20% error in the half-life has an impact on numerous measurements in which aged (209)Po solutions were used as a tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pommé
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium.
| | - H Stroh
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - L Benedik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Uncertainty propagation in nuclear forensics. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 89:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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García-Toraño E, Peyrés Medina V, Romero E, Roteta M. Measurement of the half-life of ⁶⁸Ga. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 87:122-5. [PMID: 24342557 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The half-life of the positron-emitter (68)Ga has been measured by following the decay rate with two systems based on ionization chamber and Ge detectors. The decay rate was measured for periods of time up to 10 half-lives. The combination of the 6 results obtained with both systems gives a value of T1/2=67.845(18) min, in good agreement with recommended data and with an uncertainty lower than any other previously reported value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García-Toraño
- Laboratorio de Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes, CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Virginia Peyrés Medina
- Laboratorio de Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes, CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Eduardo Romero
- Unidad de Aplicaciones Biomédicas y Farmacocinética, CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Miguel Roteta
- Laboratorio de Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes, CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 40, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Suliman G, Pommé S, Marouli M, Van Ammel R, Stroh H, Jobbágy V, Paepen J, Dirican A, Bruchertseifer F, Apostolidis C, Morgenstern A. Half-lives of 221Fr, 217At, 213Bi, 213Po and 209Pb from the 225Ac decay series. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 77:32-7. [PMID: 23511775 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The half-lives of (221)Fr, (217)At, (213)Bi, (213)Po, and (209)Pb were measured by means of an ion-implanted planar Si detector for alpha and beta particles emitted from weak (225)Ac sources or from recoil sources, which were placed in a quasi-2π counting geometry. Recoil sources were prepared by collecting atoms from an open (225)Ac source onto a glass substrate. The (221)Fr and (213)Bi half-lives were determined by following the alpha particle emission rate of recoil sources as a function of time. Similarly, the (209)Pb half-life was determined from the beta particle count rate. The shorter half-lives of (217)At and (213)Po were deduced from delayed coincidence measurements on weak (225)Ac sources using digital data acquisition in list mode. The resulting values: T1/2((221)Fr)=4.806 (6) min, T1/2((217)At)=32.8 (3)ms, T1/2((213)Bi)=45.62 (6)min, T1/2((213)Po)=3.708 (8) μs, and T1/2((209)Pb)=3.232 (5)h were in agreement only with the best literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Suliman
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
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Marouli M, Suliman G, Pommé S, Ammel RV, Jobbágy V, Stroh H, Dikmen H, Paepen J, Dirican A, Bruchertseifer F, Apostolidis C, Morgenstern A. Decay data measurements on 213Bi using recoil atoms. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 74:123-7. [PMID: 23416406 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, (213)Bi has been separated from an open (225)Ac source by collecting recoil atoms onto a glass plate in vacuum. The activity of such recoil sources has been measured as a function of time, using an ion-implanted planar Si detector in quasi-2π geometry. From these measurements, a new half-life value of T1/2((213)Bi)=45.62 (6)min was derived. Additionally, high-resolution alpha-spectrometry measurements were performed at a solid angle of 0.4% of 4πsr, to verify the energies and emission probabilities of the α-emissions from (213)Bi. Using (225)Ac, (221)Fr, (217)At and (213)Po peaks as reference peaks, the measured (213)Bi α-peak energies at Eα,0=5878 (4)keV and Eα,1=5560 (4)keV were about 10keV higher than validated data. The relative α-particle emission probabilities of (213)Bi, Pα,0=0.9155 (11) and Pα,1=0.0845 (11), and the (213)Bi alpha branching factor, Pα=1-Pβ=2.140 (10)%, are compatible with recommended values, but have a higher accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marouli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
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Pommé S, Suliman G, Marouli M, Van Ammel R, Jobbágy V, Paepen J, Stroh H, Apostolidis C, Abbas K, Morgenstern A. Measurement of the 226Th and 222Ra half-lives. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:1913-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.02.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Suliman G, Pommé S, Marouli M, Van Ammel R, Jobbágy V, Paepen J, Stroh H, Apostolidis C, Abbas K, Morgenstern A. Measurements of the half-life of 214Po and 218Rn using digital electronics. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:1907-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pommé S, Marouli M, Suliman G, Dikmen H, Van Ammel R, Jobbágy V, Dirican A, Stroh H, Paepen J, Bruchertseifer F, Apostolidis C, Morgenstern A. Measurement of the 225Ac half-life. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:2608-14. [PMID: 22940415 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The (225)Ac half-life was determined by measuring the activity of (225)Ac sources as a function of time, using various detection techniques: α-particle counting with a planar silicon detector at a defined small solid angle and in a nearly-2π geometry, 4πα+β counting with a windowless CsI sandwich spectrometer and with a pressurised proportional counter, gamma-ray spectrometry with a HPGe detector and with a NaI(Tl) well detector. Depending on the technique, the decay was followed for 59-141 d, which is about 6-14 times the (225)Ac half-life. The six measurement results were in good mutual agreement and their mean value is T(1/2)((225)Ac)=9.920 (3)d. This half-life value is more precise and better documented than the currently recommended value of 10.0 d, based on two old measurements lacking uncertainty evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pommé
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium.
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Pommé S, Paepen J, Altzitzoglou T, Van Ammel R, Yeltepe E. Measurement of the 177Lu half-life. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:1267-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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