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Andersen IV, Bidesi NSR, Shalgunov V, Jørgensen JT, Gustavsson T, Strømgaard K, Ingemann Jensen AT, Kjær A, Herth MM. Investigation of imaging the somatostatin receptor by opening the blood-brain barrier with melittin - A feasibility study using positron emission tomography and [ 64Cu]Cu-DOTATATE. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 132-133:108905. [PMID: 38555651 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
DOTATATE is a somatostatin peptide analog used in the clinic to detect somatostatin receptors which are highly expressed on neuroendocrine tumors. Somatostatin receptors are found naturally in the intestines, pancreas, lungs, and brain (mainly cortex). In vivo measurement of the somatostatin receptors in the cortex has been challenging because available tracers cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to their intrinsic polarity. A peptide called melittin, a main component of honeybee venom, has been shown to disrupt plasma membranes and increase the permeability of biological membranes. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of using melittin to facilitate the passage of [64Cu]Cu-DOTATATE through the BBB and its binding to somatostatin receptors in the cortex. Evaluation included in vitro autoradiography on Long Evans rat brains to estimate the binding affinity of [64Cu]Cu-DOTATATE to the somatostatin receptors in the cortex and an in vivo evaluation of [64Cu]Cu-DOTATATE binding in NMRI mice after injection of melittin. This study found an in vitro Bmax = 89 ± 4 nM and KD = 4.5 ± 0.6 nM in the cortex, resulting in a theoretical binding potential (BP) calculated as Bmax/KD ≈ 20, which is believed suitable for in vivo brain PET imaging. However, the in vivo results showed no significant difference between the control and melittin injected mice, indicating that the honeybee venom failed to open the BBB. Additional experiments, potentially involving faster injection rates are required to verify that melittin can increase brain uptake of non-BBB permeable PET tracers. Furthermore, an evaluation of whether a venom with a narrow therapeutic range can be used for clinical purposes needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Vang Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natasha Shalina Rajani Bidesi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Tranekjær Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Strømgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas T Ingemann Jensen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Technology Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Ørsteds Plads 345C, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Warashina S, Zouda M, Mohri K, Wada Y, Maeda K, Watanabe Y, Mukai H. 64Cu-labeling of small extracellular vesicle surfaces via a cross-bridged macrocyclic chelator for pharmacokinetic study by positron emission tomography imaging. Int J Pharm 2022;:121968. [PMID: 35772573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We developed a method of labeling the surfaces of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with 64Cu using a cross-bridged, macrocyclic chelator (CB-TE1A1P) and applied to pharmacokinetics study with positron emission tomography (PET). After incubation in 20% plasma for 10 min, approximately a half of the 64Cu was desorbed from 64Cu-labeled sEVs purified by phosphate-buffered saline wash, suggesting partly weak interaction without coordinating to CB-TE1A1P. After subsequent purification with albumin, 64Cu desorption was greatly reduced, resulting in a radiochemical stability of 95.7%. Notably, labeling did not alter the physicochemical and biological properties of sEVs. After intravenous injection, 64Cu-labeled sEVs rapidly disappeared from the systemic blood circulation and accumulated mainly in the liver and spleen of macrophage-competent mice. In macrophage-depleted mice, 64Cu-labeled sEVs remained in the blood circulation for a longer period and gradually accumulated in the liver and spleen, suggesting mechanisms of hepatic and splenic accumulation other than macrophage-dependent phagocytosis. The comparison of tissue uptake clearance between macrophage-competent and macrophage-depleted mice suggests that macrophages contributed to 67% and 76% of sEV uptake in the liver and spleen, respectively. The application of this method in pharmacokinetics PET studies can be useful in preclinical and clinical research and the development of sEV treatment modalities.
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Zhou H, Zhang Q, Cheng Y, Xiang L, Shen G, Wu X, Cai H, Li D, Zhu H, Zhang R, Li L, Cheng Z. 64Cu-labeled melanin nanoparticles for PET/CT and radionuclide therapy of tumor. Nanomedicine 2020; 29:102248. [PMID: 32574686 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanin is a group of natural pigments found in living organism. It can be used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging due to its inherent chelating ability to radioactive cupric ion. This study was to prepare 64Cu-labeled PEGylated melanin nanoparticles (64Cu-PEG-MNPs), and to further take advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of radiolabeled nanoparticles to realize the integration of tumor diagnosis and treatment. We successfully synthesized PEG-MNPs. Saline and serum stability experiments demonstrated good stability. PET/CT showed high tumor aggregation. Moreover, 64Cu-PEG-MNPs resulted in a therapeutic effect on the A431 tumor-bearing mice in the treatment group. The pathological results further confirmed that the therapeutic doses of 64Cu-PEG-MNPs cause pathological changes of tumor tissues while showing minimal toxicity to normal tissues. Our data successfully demonstrate the good imaging performance of 64Cu-PEG-MNPs on A431 tumors and further proved its therapeutic effect, highlighting a great potential in targeted radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lili Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Forth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guohua Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoai Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huawei Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Daifeng Li
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- The Affiliated Shanxi Bethune Hospital of Shanxi Medical University; The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Greifenstein L, Grus T, Nagel J, Sinnes JP, Rösch F. Synthesis and labeling of a squaric acid containing PSMA-inhibitor coupled to AAZTA 5 for versatile labeling with 44Sc, 64Cu, 68Ga and 177Lu. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 156:108867. [PMID: 31883763 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Greifenstein
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz
| | - Tilmann Grus
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz
| | - Johannes Nagel
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz
| | - Jean Phillip Sinnes
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz
| | - Frank Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz.
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Mukai H, Hatanaka K, Yagi N, Warashina S, Zouda M, Takahashi M, Narushima K, Yabuuchi H, Iwano J, Kuboyama T, Enokizono J, Wada Y, Watanabe Y. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of liposomal nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleic acid drug: A combined study of dynamic PET imaging and LC/MS/MS analysis. J Control Release 2018; 294:185-194. [PMID: 30529725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In vivo biodistribution analyses, especially in tumors, of nucleic acids delivered with nanoparticles are important to develop drug delivery technologies for medical use. We previously developed wrapsome® (WS), an ~100 nm liposomal nanoparticle that can encapsulate siRNA, and reported that WS accumulates in tumors in vivo and inhibits their growth by an enhanced permeability and retention effect. In the present study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics of nucleic acid-containing nanoparticles by combining dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. An 18-mer phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), trabedersen, was used as a model drug and was encapsulated in WS. Dynamic PET imaging and time-activity curve analysis of WS-encapsulated 64Cu-labeled ODNs administered to mice with MIA PaCa-2 subcutaneous xenograft tumors showed tumor accumulation (~3% injected dose per gram (%ID/g)) and liver accumulation (~30 %ID/g) at 24 h. Under these conditions, LC/MS/MS analysis showed that the level of intact ODNs was 1.62 %ID/g in the tumor and 1.70 %ID/g in the liver. From these pharmacokinetic data, the intact/accumulated ODN ratios were calculated using the following equation: intact/accumulated ODN ratio (%) = %ID/g LC/MS/MS, tissue, mean/%ID/g PET, tissue, mean × 100. Interestingly, the ratios for the tumor and kidney were maintained at 20-50% over 48 h after administration of the WS-encapsulated form. In contrast, the ratio for the liver rapidly decreased at 24 h, showing the same pattern as that for naked ODN. These different patterns indicate that WS effectively protected the ODN in the tumor and kidney, but protected it less efficiently in the liver. A combined approach of dynamic PET imaging and LC/MS/MS analysis will assist the development of nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleic acid drugs, such as those using WSs, to determine their detailed pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Mukai
- Molecular Network Control Imaging Unit, Molecular Network Control Research Project, Center Director's Strategic Program, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Delivery and Imaging Technology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Hatanaka
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yagi
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Shota Warashina
- Molecular Network Control Imaging Unit, Molecular Network Control Research Project, Center Director's Strategic Program, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Delivery and Imaging Technology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Maki Zouda
- Molecular Network Control Imaging Unit, Molecular Network Control Research Project, Center Director's Strategic Program, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Delivery and Imaging Technology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Maiko Takahashi
- Molecular Network Control Imaging Unit, Molecular Network Control Research Project, Center Director's Strategic Program, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Molecular Delivery and Imaging Technology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuya Narushima
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Hayato Yabuuchi
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Junko Iwano
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuboyama
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan.
| | - Junichi Enokizono
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., 3-6-6, Asahi-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Wada
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.
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Collignon AM, Lesieur J, Anizan N, Azzouna RB, Poliard A, Gorin C, Letourneur D, Chaussain C, Rouzet F, Rochefort GY. Early angiogenesis detected by PET imaging with 64Cu-NODAGA-RGD is predictive of bone critical defect repair. Acta Biomater 2018; 82:111-121. [PMID: 30312778 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapies using stem cells may be applicable to all fields of regenerative medicine, including craniomaxillofacial surgery. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have demonstrated in vitro and in vivo osteogenic and proangiogenic properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether early angiogenesis investigated by nuclear imaging can predict bone formation within a mouse critical bone defect. Two symmetrical calvarial critical-sized defects were created. Defects were left empty or filled with i) DPSC-containing dense collagen scaffold, ii) 5% hypoxia-primed DPSC-containing dense collagen scaffold, iii) acellular dense collagen scaffold, or iv) left empty. Early angiogenesis assessed by PET using 64Cu-NODAGA-RGD as a tracer was found to be correlated with bone formation determined by micro-CT within the defects from day 30, and to be correlated to the late calcium apposition observed at day 90 using 18F-Na PET. These results suggest that nuclear imaging of angiogenesis, a technique applicable in clinical practice, is a promising approach for early prediction of bone grafting outcome, thus potentially allowing to anticipate alternative regenerative strategies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bone defects are a major concern in medicine. As life expectancy increases, the number of bone lesions grows, and occurring complications lead to a delay or even lack of consolidation. Therefore, to be able to predict healing or the absence of scarring at early times would be very interesting. This would not "waste time" for the patient. We report here that early nuclear imaging of angiogenesis, using 64Cu-NODAGA-RGD as a tracer, associated with nuclear imaging of mineralization, using 18F-Na as a tracer, is correlated to late bone healing objectivized by classical histology and microtomography. This nuclear imaging represents a promising approach for early prediction of bone grafting outcome in clinical practice, thus potentially allowing to anticipate alternative regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Margaux Collignon
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty, University Paris Descartes and Life Imaging Platform (PIV), Montrouge, France; University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Julie Lesieur
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty, University Paris Descartes and Life Imaging Platform (PIV), Montrouge, France
| | - Nadège Anizan
- Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale (FRIM), Inserm UMS-34, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Rana Ben Azzouna
- University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France; Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale (FRIM), Inserm UMS-34, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; INSERM U1148, Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, University Paris Diderot, University Paris 13, X Bichat Hospital, and Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) FIRE, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Anne Poliard
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty, University Paris Descartes and Life Imaging Platform (PIV), Montrouge, France
| | - Caroline Gorin
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty, University Paris Descartes and Life Imaging Platform (PIV), Montrouge, France; University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, University Paris Diderot, University Paris 13, X Bichat Hospital, and Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) FIRE, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty, University Paris Descartes and Life Imaging Platform (PIV), Montrouge, France; University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Francois Rouzet
- University Hospitals, AP-HP, Paris, France; Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodale (FRIM), Inserm UMS-34, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; INSERM U1148, Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, University Paris Diderot, University Paris 13, X Bichat Hospital, and Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) FIRE, F-75018 Paris, France.
| | - Gael Y Rochefort
- EA 2496 Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School Faculty, University Paris Descartes and Life Imaging Platform (PIV), Montrouge, France.
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7
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Karimi Z, Sadeghi M, Mataji-Kojouri N. 64Cu, a powerful positron emitter for immunoimaging and theranostic: Production via natZnO and natZnO-NPs. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 137:56-61. [PMID: 29571037 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
64Cu is one of the most beneficial radionuclide that can be used as a theranostic agent in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. In this current work, 64Cu was produced with zinc oxide nanoparticles (natZnONPs) and zinc oxide powder (natZnO) via the 64Zn(n,p)64Cu reaction in Tehran Research Reactor (TRR) and the activity values were compared with each other. The theoretical activity of 64Cu also was calculated with MCNPX-2.6 and the cross sections of this reaction were calculated by using TALYS-1.8, EMPIRE-3.2.2 and ALICE/ASH nuclear codes and were compared with experimental values. Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were used for samples characterizations. From these results, it's concluded that 64Cu activity value with nanoscale target was achieved more than the bulk state target and had a good adaptation with the MCNPX result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Karimi
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sadeghi
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, P.O. Box: 14155-6183, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Naimeddin Mataji-Kojouri
- Nuclear Science & Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Reactor and Nuclear Safety Research School, P.O. Box: 14395-836, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Pibida L, Zimmerman B, Bergeron DE, Fitzgerald R, Cessna JT, King L. Determination of photon emission probability for the main gamma ray and half-life measurements of 64Cu. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 129:6-12. [PMID: 28783614 PMCID: PMC6290464 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) performed new standardization measurements for 64Cu. As part of this work the photon emission probability for the main gamma-ray line and the half-life were determined using several high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors. Half-life determinations were also carried out with a NaI(Tl) well counter and two pressurized ionization chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pibida
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA.
| | - B Zimmerman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
| | - D E Bergeron
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
| | - R Fitzgerald
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
| | - J T Cessna
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
| | - L King
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, MS 8462, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8462, USA
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Zimmerman BE, Bergeron DE, Edgerton JP. Assessing the absolute quantitative accuracy of Positron Emission Tomography for Cu-64 using traceable calibrated phantoms. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 134:68-73. [PMID: 28974328 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using uniform cylindrical phantoms containing calibrated solutions of 18F and 64Cu, we evaluated for the first time the accuracy with which the activity concentration of 64Cu can be quantified on an absolute basis using Positron Emission Tomography (with X-ray Computed Tomography, PET-CT). The scanner was first calibrated for 18F using the manufacturer's calibration protocol and a phantom with an activity concentration value traceable to the U.S. National standard. By using a similarly calibrated 18F solution phantom, we were able to determine a correction factor that can be applied to the 64Cu imaging data that gave a result that is consistent with 100% recovery with a combined standard uncertainty of 2%. We also demonstrate how a calibrated, solid phantom containing 68Ge as a long-lived 18F surrogate can be used to monitor and transfer the correction factor to other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Zimmerman
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8462, USA.
| | - D E Bergeron
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8462, USA
| | - J P Edgerton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
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10
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Dolley SG, Steyn GF, van Rooyen TJ, Szelecsényi F, Kovács Z, Vermeulen C, van der Meulen NP. Concurrent spectrometry of annihilation radiation and characteristic gamma-rays for activity assessment of selected positron emitters. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 129:76-86. [PMID: 28822886 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A method is described to determine the activity of non-pure positron emitters in a radionuclide production environment by assessing the 511keV annihilation radiation concurrently with selected γ-lines, using a single High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. Liquid sources of 22Na, 52Fe, 52mMn, 61Cu, 64Cu, 65Zn, 66Ga, 68Ga, 82Rb, 88Y, 89Zr and 132Cs were prepared specifically for this study. Acrylic absorbers surrounding the sources ensured that the emitted β+-particles could not escape and annihilate away from the source region. The absorber thickness was matched to the maximum β+ energy for each radionuclide. The effect on the 511keV detection efficiency by the non-homogeneous distribution of annihilation sites inside the source and absorber materials was investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. It was found that no self-absorption corrections other than those implicit to the detector calibration procedure needed to be applied. The medically important radionuclide, 64Cu, is of particular interest as its strongest characteristic γ-ray has an intensity of less than 0.5%. In spite of the weakness of its emission intensity, the 1346keV γ-line is shown to be suitable for quantifying the 64Cu production yield after chemical separation from the target matrix has been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Dolley
- iThemba LABS, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - G F Steyn
- iThemba LABS, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa.
| | - T J van Rooyen
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), P.O. Box 582, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - F Szelecsényi
- Cyclotron Application Department, ATOMKI, P.O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Z Kovács
- Cyclotron Application Department, ATOMKI, P.O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - C Vermeulen
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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11
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Tripathi SK, Kumar P, Trabulsi EJ, Kim S, McCue PA, Intenzo C, Berger A, Gomella L, Thakur ML. VPAC1 Targeted 64Cu-TP3805 kit preparation and its evaluation. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 51:55-61. [PMID: 28577428 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previously, our laboratory has shown that 64Cu-TP3805 can specifically target VPAC1 receptors and be used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of breast (BC) and prostate cancer (PC) in humans. Present work is aimed at the formulation of a freeze-dried diaminedithiol-peptide (N2S2-TP3805) kit and it's evaluation for the preparation of 64Cu labeled TP3805. Parameters such as pH, temperature and incubation time were examined that influenced the radiolabeling efficiency and stability of the product. METHODS Kits were prepared under different conditions and radiolabeling efficiency of TP3805 kit was evaluated for a range of pH3.5-8.5, after addition of 64Cu in 30μl, 0.1M HCl. Incubation temperature (37-90°C) and time (30-120min.) were also investigated. Kits were stored at -10°C and their long term stability was determined as a function of their radiolabeling efficiency. Further, stability of 64Cu-TP3805 complex was evaluated in presence of fetal bovine serum and bovine serum albumin by using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Kits were then used for PET imaging of BC and PC following eIND (101550) and institutional approvals. Specificity of 64Cu-TP3805 for VPAC1 was examined with digital autoradiography (DAR) of prostate tissues obtained after prostatectomy, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue, and benign and malignant lymph nodes. Results were compared with corresponding tissue histology. RESULTS Radiolabeling efficiency was ≥95% at final pH ~7.2 when incubated at 50°C for 90min. Kits were stable up to 18months when stored at -10°C, and 64Cu-TP3805 complex exhibited excellent stability for up to 4h at room temperature. 64Cu-TP3805 complex did not show any transchelation even after 2h incubation at 37°C in 10% FBS as well as in BSA as determined by SDS PAGE analysis. DAR identified ≥95% of malignant lesions 11 new PC lesions, 20 high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, 2/2 ejaculatory ducts and 5/5 urethra verumontanum not previously identified The malignant lymph nodes were correctly identified by DAR and for 3/3 BPH patients, and 5/5 cysts, DAR was negative. In human BC (n=19) and PC (n=26) were imaged with 100% sensitivity. CONCLUSION Availability of ready to use N2S2-peptide kits for 64Cu labeling is convenient and eliminates possible day to day variation during its routine preparation for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Radiology
| | | | - Sung Kim
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Radiology
| | - Peter A McCue
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Pathology
| | | | - Adam Berger
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Surgery
| | - Leonard Gomella
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Urology; The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
| | - Mathew L Thakur
- Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Radiology; The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center.
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12
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Jung KO, Youn H, Kim SH, Kim YH, Kang KW, Chung JK. A new fluorescence/PET probe for targeting intracellular human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) using Tat peptide-conjugated IgM. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:483-9. [PMID: 27317485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite an increasing need for methods to visualize intracellular proteins in vivo, the majority of antibody-based imaging methods available can only detect membrane proteins. The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is an intracellular target of great interest because of its high expression in several types of cancer. In this study, we developed a new probe for hTERT using the Tat peptide. An hTERT antibody (IgG or IgM) was conjugated with the Tat peptide, a fluorescence dye and (64)Cu. HT29 (hTERT+) and U2OS (hTERT-) were used to visualize the intracellular hTERT. The hTERT was detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Fluorescence signals for hTERT were obtained by confocal microscopy, live cell imaging, and analyzed by Tissue-FAXS. In nude mice, tumors were visualized using the fluorescence imaging devices Maestro™ and PETBOX. In RT-PCR and western blot, the expression of hTERT was detected in HT29 cells, but not in U2OS cells. Fluorescence signals were clearly observed in HT29 cells and in U2OS cells after 1 h of treatment, but signals were only detected in HT29 cells after 24 h. Confocal microscopy showed that 9.65% of U2OS and 78.54% of HT29 cells had positive hTERT signals. 3D animation images showed that the probe could target intranuclear hTERT in the nucleus. In mice models, fluorescence and PET imaging showed that hTERT in HT29 tumors could be efficiently visualized. In summary, we developed a new method to visualize intracellular and intranuclear proteins both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Oh Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, South Korea; Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Seung Hoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea; Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University, South Korea.
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13
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Wooten AL, Lewis BC, Szatkowski DJ, Sultan DH, Abdin KI, Voller TF, Liu Y, Lapi SE. Calibration setting numbers for dose calibrators for the PET isotopes (52)Mn, (64)Cu, (76)Br, (86)Y, (89)Zr, (124)I. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 113:89-95. [PMID: 27152914 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
For PET radionuclides, the radioactivity of a sample can be conveniently measured by a dose calibrator. These devices depend on a "calibration setting number", but many recommended settings from manuals were interpolated based on standard sources of other radionuclide(s). We conducted HPGe gamma-ray spectroscopy, resulting in a reference for determining settings in two types of vessels containing one of several PET radionuclides. Our results reiterate the notion that in-house, experimental calibrations are recommended for different radionuclides and vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lake Wooten
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Campus Box 1097, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Benjamin C Lewis
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Physics, Washington University in Saint Louis, United States
| | - Daniel J Szatkowski
- Radiation Safety Office, Washington University in Saint Louis, Campus Box 8053, United States
| | - Deborah H Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Kinda I Abdin
- Radiation Safety Office, Washington University in Saint Louis, Campus Box 8053, United States
| | - Thomas F Voller
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, 4540 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8225, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Campus Box 1097, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Wallace Tumor Institute 310F, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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14
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Bunka M, Müller C, Vermeulen C, Haller S, Türler A, Schibli R, van der Meulen NP. Imaging quality of (44)Sc in comparison with five other PET radionuclides using Derenzo phantoms and preclinical PET. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 110:129-133. [PMID: 26774390 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PET is the favored nuclear imaging technique because of the high sensitivity and resolution it provides, as well as the possibility for quantification of accumulated radioactivity. (44)Sc (T1/2=3.97h, Eβ(+)=632keV) was recently proposed as a potentially interesting radionuclide for PET. The aim of this study was to investigate the image quality, which can be obtained with (44)Sc, and compare it with five other, frequently employed PET nuclides using Derenzo phantoms and a small-animal PET scanner. The radionuclides were produced at the medical cyclotron at CRS, ETH Zurich ((11)C, (18)F), at the Injector II research cyclotron at CRS, PSI ((64)Cu, (89)Zr, (44)Sc), as well as via a generator system ((68)Ga). Derenzo phantoms, containing solutions of each of these radionuclides, were scanned using a GE Healthcare eXplore VISTA small-animal PET scanner. The image resolution was determined for each nuclide by analysis of the intensity signal using the reconstructed PET data of a hole diameter of 1.3mm. The image quality of (44)Sc was compared to five frequently-used PET radionuclides. In agreement with the positron range, an increasing relative resolution was determined in the sequence of (68)Ga<(44)Sc<(89)Zr<(11)C<(64)Cu<(18)F. The performance of (44)Sc was in agreement with the theoretical expectations based on the energy of the emitted positrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruta Bunka
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Christiaan Vermeulen
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Haller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Türler
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas P van der Meulen
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
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15
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Ishizu H, Yamada T. Practical correction method for impurities on activity measurements using isotope calibrators. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 109:257-260. [PMID: 26712412 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Radioactive impurities might cause significant error in the activity determination of a target nuclide using ionization chambers. In the present study, an impurity correction technique for (201)Tl sources was performed by applying two different responses of an IG12A20 and IG11N20 ionization chamber. This technique can be extended to another method in which an attenuation filter made of tin was used to obtain different responses of an argon filled IG12A20. The results obtained with these techniques were very consistent with each other and with the reference value within their uncertainty after making the impurity correction. Examples of (64)Cu activity determination were also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishizu
- Japan Radioisotope Association, 28-45, Honkomagome 2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8941, Japan.
| | - T Yamada
- Japan Radioisotope Association, 28-45, Honkomagome 2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8941, Japan
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16
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Lee H, Zheng J, Gaddy D, Orcutt KD, Leonard S, Geretti E, Hesterman J, Harwell C, Hoppin J, Jaffray DA, Wickham T, Hendriks BS, Kirpotin D. A gradient-loadable (64)Cu-chelator for quantifying tumor deposition kinetics of nanoliposomal therapeutics by positron emission tomography. Nanomedicine 2014; 11:155-65. [PMID: 25200610 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective drug delivery to tumors is a barrier to treatment with nanomedicines. Non-invasively tracking liposome biodistribution and tumor deposition in patients may provide insight into identifying patients that are well-suited for liposomal therapies. We describe a novel gradient-loadable chelator, 4-DEAP-ATSC, for incorporating (64)Cu into liposomal therapeutics for positron emission tomographic (PET). (64)Cu chelated to 4-DEAP-ATSC (>94%) was loaded into PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and HER2-targeted PLD (MM-302) with efficiencies >90%. (64)Cu-MM-302 was stable in human plasma for at least 48h. PET/CT imaging of xenografts injected with (64)Cu-MM-302 revealed biodistribution profiles that were quantitatively consistent with tissue-based analysis, and tumor (64)Cu positively correlated with liposomal drug deposition. This loading technique transforms liposomal therapeutics into theranostics and is currently being applied in a clinical trial (NCT01304797) to non-invasively quantify MM-302 tumor deposition, and evaluate its potential as a prognostic tool for predicting treatment outcome of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Lee
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jinzi Zheng
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A Jaffray
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Webster WD, Parks GT, Titov D, Beasley P. The production of radionuclides for nuclear medicine from a compact, low-energy accelerator system. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41 Suppl:e7-15. [PMID: 24434013 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The field of nuclear medicine is reliant on radionuclides for medical imaging procedures and radioimmunotherapy (RIT). The recent shut-downs of key radionuclide producers have highlighted the fragility of the current radionuclide supply network, however. To ensure that nuclear medicine can continue to grow, adding new diagnostic and therapy options to healthcare, novel and reliable production methods are required. Siemens are developing a low-energy, high-current - up to 10 MeV and 1 mA respectively - accelerator. The capability of this low-cost, compact system for radionuclide production, for use in nuclear medicine procedures, has been considered. METHODOLOGY The production of three medically important radionuclides - (89)Zr, (64)Cu, and (103)Pd - has been considered, via the (89)Y(p,n), (64)Ni(p,n) and (103)Rh(p,n) reactions, respectively. Theoretical cross-sections were generated using TALYS and compared to experimental data available from EXFOR. Stopping power values generated by SRIM have been used, with the TALYS-generated excitation functions, to calculate potential yields and isotopic purity in different irradiation regimes. RESULTS The TALYS excitation functions were found to have a good agreement with the experimental data available from the EXFOR database. It was found that both (89)Zr and (64)Cu could be produced with high isotopic purity (over 99%), with activity yields suitable for medical diagnostics and therapy, at a proton energy of 10MeV. At 10MeV, the irradiation of (103)Rh produced appreciable quantities of (102)Pd, reducing the isotopic purity. A reduction in beam energy to 9.5MeV increased the radioisotopic purity to 99% with only a small reduction in activity yield. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates that the low-energy, compact accelerator system under development by Siemens would be capable of providing sufficient quantities of (89)Zr, (64)Cu, and (103)Pd for use in medical diagnostics and therapy. It is suggested that the system could be used to produce many other isotopes currently useful to nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Webster
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Geoffrey T Parks
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
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18
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Sin I, Kang CS, Bandara N, Sun X, Zhong Y, Rogers BE, Chong HS. Novel hexadentate and pentadentate chelators for ⁶⁴Cu-based targeted PET imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2553-62. [PMID: 24657050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of new hexadentate and pentadentate chelators were designed and synthesized as chelators of (64)Cu. The new pentadentate and hexadentate chelators contain different types of donor groups and are expected to form neutral complexes with Cu(II). The new chelators were evaluated for complex kinetics and stability with (64)Cu. The new chelators instantly bound to (64)Cu with high labeling efficiency and maximum specific activity. All (64)Cu-radiolabeled complexes in human serum remained intact for 2 days. The (64)Cu-radiolabeled complexes were further challenged by EDTA in a 100-fold molar excess. Among the (64)Cu-radiolabeled complexes evaluated, (64)Cu-complex of the new chelator E was well tolerated with a minimal transfer of (64)Cu to EDTA. (64)Cu-radiolabeled complex of the new chelator E was further evaluated for biodistribution studies using mice and displayed rapid blood clearance and low organ uptake. (64)Cu-chelator E produced a favorable in vitro and in vivo complex stability profiles comparable to (64)Cu complex of the known hexadentate NOTA chelator. The in vitro and in vivo data highlight strong potential of the new chelator E for targeted PET imaging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseok Sin
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Chi Soo Kang
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Nilantha Bandara
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Xiang Sun
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Yongliang Zhong
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Hyun-Soon Chong
- Chemistry Division, Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, United States.
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Elomaa VV, Jurttila J, Rajander J, Solin O. Automation of (64)Cu production at Turku PET Centre. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 89:74-8. [PMID: 24607531 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
At Turku PET Centre automation for handling solid targets for the production of (64)Cu has been built. The system consists of a module for moving the target from the irradiation position into a lead transport shield and a robotic-arm assisted setup for moving the target within radiochemistry laboratory. The main motivation for designing automation arises from radiation hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viki-Veikko Elomaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Jori Jurttila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Olof Solin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, PO Box 52, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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Oxboel J, Brandt-Larsen M, Schjoeth-Eskesen C, Myschetzky R, El-Ali HH, Madsen J, Kjaer A. Comparison of two new angiogenesis PET tracers 68Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2 and (64)Cu-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)]2; in vivo imaging studies in human xenograft tumors. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 41:259-67. [PMID: 24417983 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to synthesize and perform a side-by-side comparison of two new tumor-angiogenesis PET tracers (68)Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)](2) and (64)Cu-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)](2) in vivo using human xenograft tumors in mice. Human radiation burden was estimated to evaluate potential for future use as clinical PET tracers for imaging of neo-angiogenesis. METHODS A (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator was used for the synthesis of (68)Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)](2). (68)Ga and (64)Cu labeled NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)](2) tracers were administrated in nude mice bearing either human glioblastoma (U87MG) or human neuroendocrine (H727) xenograft tumors. PET/CT scans at 3 time points were used for calculating the tracer uptake in tumors (%ID/g), integrin αVβ3 target specificity was shown by blocking with cold NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)](2), and biodistribution in normal organs were also examined. From biodistribution data in mice human radiation-absorbed doses were estimated using OLINDA/EXM software. RESULTS (68)Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)](2) was synthesized with a radiochemical purity of 89%-99% and a specific activity (SA) of 16-153 MBq/nmol. (64)Cu-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)](2) had a purity of 92%-99% and an SA of 64-78 MBq/nmol. Both tracers showed similar uptake in xenograft tumors 1h after injection (U87MG: 2.23 vs. 2.31%ID/g; H727: 1.53 vs. 1.48%ID/g). Both RGD dimers showed similar tracer uptake in non-tumoral tissues and a human radiation burden of less than 10 mSv with an administered dose of 200 MBq was estimated. CONCLUSION (68)Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)](2) and (64)Cu-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)](2) can be easily synthesized and are both promising candidates for PET imaging of integrin αVβ3 positive tumor cells. (68)Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)](2) showed slightly more stable tumor retention. With the advantage of in-house commercially (68)Ge/(68)Ga generators, (68)Ga-NODAGA-E[c(RGDyK)](2) may be the best choice for future clinical PET imaging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jytte Oxboel
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Malene Brandt-Larsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Rebecca Myschetzky
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik H El-Ali
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jacob Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhou Y, Baidoo KE, Brechbiel MW. Mapping biological behaviors by application of longer-lived positron emitting radionuclides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1098-111. [PMID: 23123291 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the technological development of positron emission tomography (PET) and the advent of novel antibody-directed drug delivery systems, longer-lived positron-emitting radionuclides are moving to the forefront to take important roles in tracking the distribution of biotherapeutics such as antibodies, and for monitoring biological processes and responses. Longer half-life radionuclides possess advantages of convenient on-site preparation procedures for both clinical and non-clinical applications. The suitability of the long half-life radionuclides for imaging intact monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their respective fragments, which have inherently long biological half-lives, has attracted increased interest in recent years. In this review, we provide a survey of the recent literature as it applies to the development of nine-selected longer-lived positron emitters with half-lives of 9-140h (e.g., (124)I, (64)Cu, (86)Y and (89)Zr), and describe the biological behaviors of radionuclide-labeled mAbs with respect to distribution and targeting characteristics, potential toxicities, biological applications, and clinical translation potentials.
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Key Words
- (124)I
- (64)Cu
- (86)Y
- (89)Zr
- 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N″′-tetraacetic acid
- 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N′,N″-1,4,7-triacetic acid
- 1-N-(4-aminobenzyl)-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]eicosane-1,8-diamine
- 1-oxa-4,7,1-tetraazacyclododecane-5-S-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-4,7,10-triacetic acid
- 3,6,9,15-tetraazabicyclo[9.3.1]-pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene-4-S-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-3,6,9-triacetic acid
- CHX-A″-DTPA
- DOTA
- DOTA-DPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide
- DOTATOC
- DTPA
- HPMA
- Immuno-PET
- Monoclonal antibodies
- N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide
- N-[R-2-amino-3-(p-isothiocyanato-phenyl)propyl]-trans-(S,S)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentaacetic acid
- NOTA
- Oncology
- PIB
- PIP
- Radioimmunoimaging
- SATA
- SarAr
- bispecific monoclonal antibody
- bsMAb
- diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
- p-SCN-Bn-PCTA
- p-SCN-Bn-oxo-DO3A
- p-iodobenzoate
- para-iodophenyl
- succinimidyl acetylthioacetate
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