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Spann MN, Alleyne K, Holland CM, Davids A, Pierre-Louis A, Bang C, Oyeneye V, Kiflom R, Shea E, Cheng B, Peterson BS, Monk C, Scheinost D. The effects of experience of discrimination and acculturation during pregnancy on the developing offspring brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:476-485. [PMID: 37968451 PMCID: PMC10724278 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The experience of ethnic, racial, and structural inequalities is increasingly recognized as detrimental to health, and early studies suggest that its experience in pregnant mothers may affect the developing fetus. We characterized discrimination and acculturation experiences in a predominantly Hispanic sample of pregnant adolescent women and assessed their association with functional connectivity in their neonate's brain. We collected self-report measures of acculturation, discrimination, maternal distress (i.e., perceived stress, childhood trauma, and depressive symptoms), and socioeconomic status in 165 women. Then, we performed a data-driven clustering of acculturation, discrimination, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, trauma, and socioeconomic status variables during pregnancy to determine whether discrimination or acculturation clustered into distinct factors. Discrimination and acculturation styles loaded onto different factors from perceived stress, depressive symptoms, trauma, and socioeconomic status, suggesting that they were distinct from other factors in our sample. We associated these data-driven maternal phenotypes (discrimination and acculturation styles) with measures of resting-state functional MRI connectivity of the infant amygdala (n = 38). Higher maternal report of assimilation was associated with weaker connectivity between their neonate's amygdala and bilateral fusiform gyrus. Maternal experience of discrimination was associated with weaker connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex and stronger connectivity between the amygdala and fusiform of their neonate. Cautiously, the results may suggest a similarity to self-contained studies with adults, noting that the experience of discrimination and acculturation may influence amygdala circuitry across generations. Further prospective studies are essential that consider a more diverse population of minoritized individuals and with a comprehensive assessment of ethnic, racial, and structural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa N Spann
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kiarra Alleyne
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristin M Holland
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonette Davids
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arline Pierre-Louis
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire Bang
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Eileen Shea
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Cheng
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Monk
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Aqua JK, White K, Johnson DA. A systematic review of acculturation and sleep health among adult immigrants in the United States. Sleep Health 2023; 9:288-305. [PMID: 36849283 PMCID: PMC10293026 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The United States (US) has more immigrants than any other country in the world, with an estimated 44 million non-US-born individuals residing in the country as of 2018. Previous studies have linked US acculturation to both positive and negative health outcomes, including sleep. However, the relationship between US acculturation and sleep health is not well understood. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesize scientific studies on acculturation and sleep health among adult immigrants in the US. A systematic search of the literature was performed in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science in 2021 and 2022 with no date limiters. Quantitative studies published anytime in a peer-reviewed journal in English among an adult immigrant population with an explicit measure of acculturation and a sleep health dimension, sleep disorder, or daytime sleepiness measure were considered for inclusion. The initial literature search yielded 804 articles for review; after removing duplicates, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, and searching reference lists, 38 total articles were included. We found consistent evidence that acculturative stress was associated with worse sleep quality/continuity, daytime sleepiness, and sleep disorders. However, we discovered limited consensus on the association of acculturation scales and acculturation proxy measures with sleep. Our review demonstrated that compared to US-born adult populations, there is a high prevalence of adverse sleep health among immigrant populations, and acculturation likely plays an important role in shaping this disparity, particularly through acculturative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Ko Aqua
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Kaylin White
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dayna A Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Mitchell AM, Kowalsky JM, Christian LM, Belury MA, Cole RM. Perceived social support predicts self-reported and objective health and health behaviors among pregnant women. J Behav Med 2022; 45:589-602. [PMID: 35449357 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal health and health behaviors play a crucial role in maternal and neonatal health. Data examining psychosocial factors which predict self-reported health and health behaviors as well as objective indicators downstream of health behaviors among pregnant women are lacking. In this longitudinal study design with 131 pregnant women, perceived social support was examined as a predictor of self-rated health and average levels of sleep quality, health-promoting and health-impairing behaviors, and red blood cell (RBC) polyunsaturated fatty acids across early, mid, and late pregnancy. Participants provided a blood sample and fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography. Measures included the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Prenatal Health Behavior Scale. Regression models demonstrated that, after adjustment for income, race/ethnicity, age, relationship status, pre-pregnancy body mass index, greater social support was associated with better self-rated health (p = 0.001), greater sleep quality (p = 0.001), fewer health-impairing behaviors (p = 0.02), and higher RBC omega-3 fatty acids (p = 0.003). Associations among social support with health-promoting behaviors, RBC omega-6 fatty acids, or gestational weight gain were not significant. Findings underscore the benefits of perceived social support in the context of pregnancy. Examination of pathways that link social support with these outcomes will be meaningful in determining the ways in which perinatal psychosocial interventions may promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Mitchell
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, College of Education and Human Development, University of Louisville, Woodford and Harriett Porter Building, 1905 South 1st Street, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | | | - Lisa M Christian
- Department of Psychiatry &, Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Martha A Belury
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel M Cole
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Attachment Facilitates Acculturative Learning and Adversity Moderates: Validating the Theory of Epistemic Trust in a Natural Experiment. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020; 51:471-477. [PMID: 31981084 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-00958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acculturation has consequences for immigrant health, and provides a natural experimental context in which to test Fonagy and Allison's theory of epistemic trust. Their theory posits that secure attachment in the caregiver-youth dyad is a key mechanism for supporting, and exposure to childhood adversity and trauma is thought to block, the cultural learning process. The aim of this study was to validate the theory of epistemic trust by examining secure attachment as a predictor of acculturation across time and adverse childhood experiences as a moderator in 100 recently immigrated high school students followed for one year. Growth parameters were extracted and regressed on key study variables. Results indicated a significant main effect of maternal attachment on acculturation across time, as well an interaction in which the aforementioned link was blocked by adverse childhood experiences. In the context of acculturative learning, two tenets of the theory of epistemic trust were supported.
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Hawkins M, Marcus B, Pekow P, Rosal MC, Tucker KL, Spencer RMC, Chasan-Taber L. Physical Activity and Sleep Quality and Duration During Pregnancy Among Hispanic Women: Estudio PARTO. Behav Sleep Med 2019; 17:804-817. [PMID: 30252507 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2018.1518225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective/Background: Poor sleep during pregnancy is common and is associated with pregnancy complications. Physical activity (PA) is associated with better sleep in nonpregnant populations. However, studies among pregnant women are sparse, conflicting, and none have been conducted among Hispanic women, who face a disproportionate burden of poor sleep and pregnancy complications. Therefore, our objective was to examine the relationship between intensity- and domain-specific PA, respectively, on sleep quality and duration among Hispanic pregnant women. Participants: We evaluated these associations among participants (n = 251) in Estudio PARTO, an ongoing randomized controlled trial aimed at reducing type 2 diabetes among women at high risk. Methods: We assessed the cross-sectional relationship between PA (via Pregnancy PA Questionnaire) and sleep quality and duration (via Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) using baseline data (26.5 ± 6.9 weeks gestation). Results: In multivariable logistic models, household and caregiving activities were associated with higher odds of very poor sleep quality (OR = 2.69; 95% CI = 1.04 to 7.04) and with short (vs. medium) sleep duration (OR = 2.85; 95% CI = 1.07 to 7.56). In contrast, occupational PA was associated with lower odds of very poor sleep quality (OR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.17 to 0.89). Light-intensity PA was associated with lower odds of long (vs. medium) sleep duration (OR = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.52). There were no statistically significant relationships between PA in any other domain and sleep. Conclusions: Prospective studies will be critical in evaluating the potential adverse impact of household and caregiving activities on poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquis Hawkins
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bess Marcus
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , Rhode Island, USA
| | - Penelope Pekow
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts, USA
| | - Milagros C Rosal
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester , Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell , Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca M C Spencer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Chasan-Taber
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts, USA
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Lara-Cinisomo S, Wood J, Fujimoto EM. A systematic review of cultural orientation and perinatal depression in Latina women: are acculturation, Marianismo, and religiosity risks or protective factors? Arch Womens Ment Health 2019; 22:557-567. [PMID: 30361781 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-018-0920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Latinas in the USA and Spanish-speaking countries experience elevated rates of perinatal depression (PND) because of high psychosocial stressors. Latinas are heterogeneous and have varying cultural practices. It is unclear whether specific cultural orientations have differential risks for PND. This systematic review aimed to determine whether degree of acculturation, Marianismo, and religiosity are risks or protective factors for PND in Latina women living in the USA, Latin America, and other countries. The review included PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), and Social Services Abstracts, and used Boolean combined keywords. English and Spanish language articles were considered. The review was conducted between July 2017 and February 2018, with no boundaries on publication dates. Ten studies were selected for inclusion. Of those, two studies were conducted in Mexico and most studies conducted in the USA included women of Mexican descent. Degree of acculturation (adoption of mainstream values) was inconsistently directly associated with PND; evidence suggest indirect associations. Marianismo, the traditional female role of virtue, passivity, and priority of others over oneself, was inconsistently correlated with risk for depression in pregnancy, but significantly and indirectly associated with postpartum depression. Two of three studies found religiosity to be protective postpartum. Further research on protective and risk factors of specific cultural orientations, particularly degree of acculturation and Marianismo, for PND in Latinas in the USA and abroad is needed. Attention to specific perinatal periods is necessary given the inconsistent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandraluz Lara-Cinisomo
- College of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 S. Fourth Street, Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - J Wood
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - E M Fujimoto
- Family Resiliency Center, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 904 W. Nevada St., Urbana, USA
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Preciado A, D'Anna-Hernandez K. Acculturative stress is associated with trajectory of anxiety symptoms during pregnancy in Mexican-American women. J Anxiety Disord 2017; 48:28-35. [PMID: 27780654 PMCID: PMC5737703 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Over half of pregnant women report anxiety symptoms and these symptoms may be precipitated by stressful experiences. Anxiety rates may be higher in Mexican-American women who experience sociocultural stressors, such as acculturation, acculturative stress and discrimination. However, the role of such stressors on the trajectory of anxiety symptoms across pregnancy is not yet known. Mexican-American women (n=151) completed surveys across pregnancy about acculturation, acculturative stress, perceived discrimination, and state anxiety. Multilevel modeling found that acculturation (Anglo orientation, b=0.050, SE=0.379, t (137.561)=0.134, p=0.894; Mexican orientation, b=0.775, SE=0.692, t (133.424)=1.121, p=0.264) and perceived discrimination (b=-1.259, SE=0.921, t (137.489)=-1.367, p=0.174) were not associated with the trajectory of anxiety symptoms. However, acculturative stress, even while controlling for perceived stress, was associated with high levels of anxiety symptoms that were elevated early in pregnancy (b=-0.045, SE=0.022, t (135.749)=-2, p=0.047). This work highlights the unique role of acculturative stress in risk for prenatal anxiety in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Preciado
- Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, United States.
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