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Yuan L, Du Y, Gao Y, Wang W, Wang J, Wang Y, Yang J, Wang X, Li H. The role of parenting stress and perceived social support in affecting family function among families of patients with cleft lip and/or palate: a path analysis based on the family adjustment and adaptation response model. BMC Oral Health 2025; 25:454. [PMID: 40158081 PMCID: PMC11955121 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-025-05846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2025] [Indexed: 04/01/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Family function is important for the normal operation of the family and the development of children. However, existing studies have limited explorations on family function among families of patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). This study aims to validate a hypothesized model of family function based on the family adjustment and adaptation response model, and identify key variables affecting family function among families of patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cross-sectional study enrolled 248 families with CL/P patients from two centers in China. The demographic, clinical, family function, resilience, hope, perceived social support, optimism, parenting stress, and coping data were collected. Path analysis was used to investigate the key variables of the family function. RESULTS Family functions among families of CL/P patients were higher than the Chinese norm in conflict, moral-religious-emphasis, and control. Furthermore, they were lower in expressiveness, independence, achievement orientation, intellectual, cultural orientation, active recreational orientation, and organization. The fitness of the modified path model was evaluated using various measures, including CMIN/DF = 1.954, GFI = 0.914, RFI = 0.801; IFI = 0.919;TLI = 0.909; CFI = 0.917; RMSEA = 0.065. The path analysis showed that perceived social support and parenting stress have a direct positive effect (β = 0.186) and negative effect (β = -0.384), respectively. Hope, optimism, perceived social support, coping, and resilience indirectly affect family function. The effects from highest to lowest are hope (β = 0.260), optimism (β = 0.203), perceived social support (β = 0.085), coping (β = 0.055), and resilience (β = 0.009). The overall effects of different variables on the family function are as follows: parenting stress (β = -0.384), perceived social support (β = 0.271), hope (β = 0.260), optimism (β = 0.203), coping (β = 0.055), and resilience (β = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS The family functions of families with CL/P patients are worthy of attention in China. This study showed that parenting stress and perceived social support are key factors that directly affect family function. Coping, hope, resilience, and optimism could indirectly affect family function through parenting stress and perceived social support. Therefore, strategies targeting these two key factors should be implemented to facilitate family function among families with CL/P patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yuan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Du
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuqin Gao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Weiren Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junyan Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jinrong Yang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Hongjun Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Rhodes RE, Banik A, Szczuka Z, Aulbach MB, DeSmet A, Durand H, Gatting L, Green J, Hillison EZ, Masaryk R, Radtke T, Rigby BP, Schenkel K, Warner LM, Jones CM, Luszczynska A. Extending Our Understanding of the Social Determinants of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Families: A Systems Mapping Approach. J Phys Act Health 2025; 22:53-68. [PMID: 39536742 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2024-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The social environment is important to consider for effective promotion of movement behaviors like increased physical activity (PA) and reduced sedentary behavior (SB); yet, it is less often considered than individual and built environments. One way to advance social environment research is to develop system maps, an innovative, participatory, action-oriented research process that actively engages stakeholders to visualize system structures and explore how systems "work." The purpose of this research was to develop PA and SB system maps of the social environment embedded within the core/nuclear family system. METHODS The development process began with a 2-day multicountry, 16-researcher, in-person participatory workshop in August 2023, followed by multiple online follow-up consultations. Attendees contributed to the creation of the maps through shared development of critical determinants and their causal pathways. The structure of the final maps was analyzed using network analysis methods to identify indicators of centrality, and key feedback loops and areas for potential intervention were explored. RESULTS Key central determinants that were likely critical targets for systems intervention to produce changes in PA and SB and featured prominently in most of the reinforcing and balancing feedback loops included shared family interests, values and priorities, family logistical support, family cohesion/organization, and shared experiences. The maps also highlighted key determinants of the broader social environment external to the family. CONCLUSIONS These system maps support current evidence on movement behaviors in family systems and socioecological theories and have the utility to galvanize future research and policy to promote PA and reduce SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Banik
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Szczuka
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Matthias Burkard Aulbach
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ann DeSmet
- Faculty of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Speech Therapy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hannah Durand
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Gatting
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Green
- School of Allied Health and Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Radomír Masaryk
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Theda Radtke
- Institute of Psychology, Health Psychology and Applied Diagnostics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Benjamin P Rigby
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin Schenkel
- Department of Psychology, Applied Social and Health Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Marie Warner
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher M Jones
- Division of Prevention, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Rhodes RE, Hollman H, Sui W. Family-based physical activity interventions and family functioning: A systematic review. FAMILY PROCESS 2024; 63:392-413. [PMID: 36748347 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Family physical activity (PA) can confer multiple health benefits, yet whether PA interventions affect general family functioning has not been appraised. The purpose of this review was to evaluate studies that have examined the effect of family PA interventions, where child PA was the focus of the intervention, on constructs of family functioning. Literature searches were concluded on January 11, 2022 using seven common databases. Eligible studies were in English, utilized a family PA intervention, and assessed a measure of family functioning as a study outcome. The initial search yielded 8413 hits, which was reduced to 20 independent PA interventions of mixed quality after screening for eligibility criteria. There was mixed evidence for whether family PA interventions affected overall family functioning; however, analyses of subdomains indicated that family cohesion is improved by PA interventions when children are in the early school years (aged 5-12). High-quality studies also showed an impact of family PA interventions on family organization. Targeted interventions at specific family subsystems (e.g., father-son, mother-daughter), characteristics (low-income, clinical populations, girls), and broad multibehavioral interventions may have the most reliable effects. Overall, the findings show that family PA interventions can promote family cohesion and organization, particularly among families with children in the early school years. Higher quality research, employing randomized trial designs and targeting specific intervention and sample characteristics (e.g., different clinical conditions, specific parent-child dyads), is recommended in order to better ascertain the effectiveness of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Wuyou Sui
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Bhide S, Efron D, Ukoumunne OC, Anderson V, Nicholson JM, Silk T, Hazell P, Gulenc A, Sciberras E. Family Functioning in Children With ADHD and Subthreshold ADHD: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:480-492. [PMID: 38084374 PMCID: PMC10838481 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231217089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare family functioning over time for elementary school children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; N = 179) and subthreshold ADHD (ST-ADHD; N = 86), to children without ADHD (Control; N = 212). METHOD ADHD was assessed using the Conners 3 ADHD Index and Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children IV. At baseline, 18-month follow-up and 36-month follow-up, parents completed measures assessing a range of family functioning domains. RESULTS At baseline, the ADHD group reported higher psychological distress, less parenting self-efficacy, less parenting consistency, and more stressful life events; and both groups reported poorer family quality of life (QoL) and greater parenting anger. Trajectories were largely similar to controls (i.e., stable over time), but unlike controls, ADHD and ST-ADHD groups showed lessening parent-partner support and parenting warmth, respectively; and both groups showed worsening aspects of family QoL. CONCLUSION Families of children with ADHD and ST-ADHD report persistently poor or worsening family functioning; highlighting a need for tailored psycho-social supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Bhide
- School of Pychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Allied Health - Psychology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Daryl Efron
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Obioha C Ukoumunne
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Vicki Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan M Nicholson
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim Silk
- School of Pychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip Hazell
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Alisha Gulenc
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- School of Pychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Gardiner E, Wong V, Lin G, Miller AR. Terminology and descriptions of navigation and related practices for children with neurodisability and their families: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:214. [PMID: 35177039 PMCID: PMC8851781 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with neurodisability (ND) represent a significant population with a demonstrated need for coordinated support. Patient navigation has a primary focus on: facilitating access to and connection amongst fragmented systems; as well as the provision of educational and emotional support. Given the distinct needs of children with ND and their families, programs built upon such core concepts could be of great benefit. The diversity of terminology encompassing navigation-related concepts and activities (e.g., care coordination, case management, family support), however, presents challenges to both practice and research. This scoping review examined the terminology and descriptions provided within published articles on navigation-type models for children with ND and their families. METHODS The scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. A preliminary search was completed on PubMed (NCBI), MEDLINE (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCO) to identify initial search terms, upon which a full search strategy was developed and executed in MEDLINE (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCO). After screening records according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, a full-text review of relevant articles was conducted and data extracted using a researcher-developed tool. Under close supervision by the research team, study selection was primarily performed by one author. RESULTS Of the 2597 papers identified, 33 were included in the final review. From the included papers, a total of 49 terms were extracted, 20 of which were unique. Across the diversity of terminology observed, articles provided detailed and rich descriptions characterized by four central domains, namely: (i) what navigation-related resources, supports and services aim to facilitate and (ii) provide; (iii) descriptions of their intended outcomes; as well as (iv) guiding principles. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review addresses a gap in our knowledge related to the specification of patient navigation and related supports as applied to the specific context of children with ND and their families. Given the particular needs of this population, we propose an empirically-informed integrative model that synthesizes the findings from this scoping review. We suggest that this framework can be used as a guide to the mindful characterization of how supports aiming to connect children and families to needed service are termed and described within future research and in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gardiner
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada.
| | - Vivian Wong
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
- Sunny Hill Health Centre at BC Children's Hospital, 4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Grace Lin
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, 15 Arch Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Anton R Miller
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada
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Kleve L, Vårdal L, Elgen IB. The Nurse Role in the Management of ADHD in Children and Adolescent: A Literature Review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:676528. [PMID: 35273525 PMCID: PMC8902137 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.676528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review literature regarding existing and recommended roles for nurses in the management of children with ADHD. METHODS MEDLINE and CINAHL were searched from 2010 to the end of 2019 with the following keywords: ADHD, nurse, child, and inclusion criteria published in an English journal. RESULTS Forty-three records were found. However, only five articles scientifically evaluated the nurse role. The nurse role in ADHD management seemed to vary across countries with nurses working independently or as part of a team with delegated responsibility. CONCLUSION The literature review gave information to suggest that nurses can have a significant role in providing a range of medical and non-medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Kleve
- Division of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lisa Vårdal
- Division of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Irene Bircow Elgen
- Division of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Nuri C, Akçamete G, Direktör C. The trial support program for empowerment of parents of children with ADHD. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:676-685. [PMID: 34477037 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1975786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the Family Empowerment Program, which aims to reduce the stress level of parents with a child diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and to increase their quality of life. In the research, experimental design with pre-test and post-test control group was used. The research group included volunteer parents with children diagnosed with ADHD who are currently enrolled at one of the preschool or primary school institutions of the Ministry of National Education in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The study was carried out with 65 participants who were divided into two groups. Namely, the experiment group (n = 33) and the control group (N = 32). Random assignment method was used in the distribution of parents to groups. Perceived Stress Level and Beach Center Family Life Quality Scale were applied to parents. In the study, the period of each session was determined as 60 minutes and consisted of 17 sessions (three sessions per a week) at a support education room of a private psychotherapy center. The impact size at the stress level for the experimental group was determined as 12.2%. The results of the study reveal that the psycho-educational empowerment program is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cahit Nuri
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus
| | - Gönül Akçamete
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus
| | - Cemaliye Direktör
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Art and Science, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus
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Chou CC, Liaw JJ, Chen CC, Liou YM, Wang CJ. Effects of a Case Management Program for Women With Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension. J Nurs Res 2021; 29:e169. [PMID: 34432727 DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Although case management programs have been proposed to improve maternal and fetal outcomes in high-risk pregnancies, limited data are available regarding the effect of case management on women with PIH. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an antepartum case management program on stress, anxiety, and pregnancy outcomes in women with PIH. METHODS A quasi-experimental research design was employed. A convenience sample of women diagnosed with PIH, including preeclampsia, was recruited from outpatient clinics at a medical center in southern Taiwan. Sixty-two women were assigned randomly to either the experimental group (n = 31) or the control group (n = 31). The experimental group received case management for 8 weeks, and the control group received routine clinical care. Descriptive statistics, independent t or Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, paired t test, and generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The average age of the participants was 35.1 years (SD = 4.5). No significant demographic or clinical differences were found between the control and experimental groups. The results of the generalized estimating equations showed significantly larger decreases in stress and anxiety in the experimental group than in the control group. No significant differences were identified between the two groups with respect to infant birth weeks, infant birth weight, average number of medical visits, or frequency of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The nurse-led case management program was shown to have short-term positive effects on the psychosocial outcomes of a population of Taiwanese patients with PIH. These results have important clinical implications for the healthcare administered to pregnant women, particularly in terms of improving the outcomes in those with PIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chen Chou
- PhD, RN, Assistant Professor, Institute of Community Health Care, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Jiuan Liaw
- PhD, RN, Professor, School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chuan Chen
- BSN, RN, Case Manager, Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yiing-Mei Liou
- PhD, RN, Distinguished Professor, Institute of Community Health Care, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jane Wang
- PhD, RN, Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, and National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Gümüs F, Ergün G, Dikeç G. Effect of Psychoeducation on Stress in Parents of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2020; 58:34-41. [PMID: 32396205 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20200506-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current experimental pre-/posttest study sought to determine the effect of psychoeducation on the stress levels of parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A total of 172 parents participated and were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 86) and control (n = 86) groups. There was no significant difference between mean pretest scores of parents in the experimental and control groups on the Caregiver Stress Scale (p > 0.005); however, significant differences were found between pre- and posttest scores in the experimental group after psychoeducation and at 6-month follow up (p < 0.001). There were also significant differences between pre- and posttest scores and pretest scores and 6-month follow-up scores in the experimental group (p < 0.05). In the light of the findings, psychiatric nurses can use psychoeducation programs to support families of children with ADHD to reduce their stress levels. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(7), 34-41.].
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Navab M, Dehghani A, Salehi M. Effect of compassion‐focused group therapy on psychological symptoms in mothers of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder children: A pilot study. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Navab
- Department of Clinical PsychologyNajafabad BranchIslamic Azad University Najafabad, Isfahan Iran
| | - Akram Dehghani
- Department of Clinical PsychologyNajafabad BranchIslamic Azad University Najafabad, Isfahan Iran
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