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Stanisic J, Koricanac G, Culafic T, Romic S, Stojiljkovic M, Kostic M, Ivkovic T, Tepavcevic S. The effects of low-intensity exercise on cardiac glycogenesis and glycolysis in male and ovariectomized female rats on a fructose-rich diet. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13930. [PMID: 34494282 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that low-intensity exercise prevented cardiac insulin resistance induced by a fructose-rich diet (FRD). To examine whether low-intensity exercise could prevent the disturbances of key molecules of cardiac glucose metabolism induced by FRD in male and ovariectomized (ovx) female rats, animals were exposed to 10% fructose solution (SF) or underwent both fructose diet and exercise (EF). Exercise prevented a decrease in cardiac GSK-3β phosphorylation induced by FRD in males (p < .001 vs. SF). It also prevented a decrease in PFK-2 phosphorylation in ovx females (p < .001 vs. SF) and increased the expression of PFK-2 in males (p < .05 vs. control). Exercise did not prevent a decrease in plasma membrane GLUT1 and GLUT4 levels in ovx females on FRD. The only effect of exercise on glucose transporters that could be indicated as beneficial is an augmented GLUT4 protein expression in males (p < .05 vs. control). Obtained results suggest that low-intensity exercise prevents harmful effects of FRD towards cardiac glycogenesis in males and glycolysis in ovx females. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Low-intensity exercise, equivalent to brisk walking, was able to prevent disturbances in cardiac glycolysis regulation in ovx female and the glycogen synthesis pathway in male rats. In terms of human health, although molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects of exercise on cardiac glucose metabolism vary between genders, low-intensity running may be a useful non-pharmacological approach in the prevention of cardiac metabolic disorders in both men and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stanisic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Koricanac
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Culafic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snjezana Romic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mojca Stojiljkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kostic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Ivkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snezana Tepavcevic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Maarman GJ, Mendham AE, Lamont K, George C. Review of a causal role of fructose-containing sugars in myocardial susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Nutr Res 2017. [PMID: 28633867 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In 2012, the World Health Organization Global Status Report on noncommunicable diseases showed that 7.4 million deaths were due to ischemic heart disease. Consequently, cardiovascular disease is a significant health burden, especially when partnered with comorbidities such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Of note, these diseases can all be induced or exacerbated by diet. Carbohydrates, in particular, fructose and glucose, generally form the largest part of the human diet. Accumulating evidence from animal studies suggests that if large amounts of fructose are consumed either in isolation or in combination with glucose (fructose-containing sugars), myocardial susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury increases. However, the underlying mechanisms that predisposes the myocardium to I/R injury in the fructose model are not elucidated, and no single mechanistic pathway has been described. Based on all available data on this topic, this review describes previously investigated mechanisms and highlights 3 main mechanistic pathways whereby fructose has shown to increase myocardial susceptibility to I/R injury. These pathways include (1) increased reactive oxygen species, resulting in reduced nitric oxide synthase and coronary flow; (2) elevated plasma fatty acids and insulin, leading to increased cardiac triglyceride content and lipotoxicity; and (3) disrupted myocardial calcium handling/homeostasis. Moreover, we highlight various factors that should be taken into account when the fructose animal model is used, such as rat strain, treatment periods, and doses. We argue that failure to do so would result in erratic inferences drawn from the existing body of evidence on fructose animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Maarman
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, 7725, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Amy E Mendham
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, 7725, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Kim Lamont
- Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, 3Q05, 7 York Rd, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Cindy George
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Delbridge LMD, Benson VL, Ritchie RH, Mellor KM. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Case for a Role of Fructose in Disease Etiology. Diabetes 2016; 65:3521-3528. [PMID: 27879401 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A link between excess dietary sugar and cardiac disease is clearly evident and has been largely attributed to systemic metabolic dysregulation. Now a new paradigm is emerging, and a compelling case can be made that fructose-associated heart injury may be attributed to the direct actions of fructose on cardiomyocytes. Plasma and cardiac fructose levels are elevated in patients with diabetes, and evidence suggests that some unique properties of fructose (vs. glucose) have specific cardiomyocyte consequences. Investigations to date have demonstrated that cardiomyocytes have the capacity to transport and utilize fructose and express all of the necessary proteins for fructose metabolism. When dietary fructose intake is elevated and myocardial glucose uptake compromised by insulin resistance, increased cardiomyocyte fructose flux represents a hazard involving unregulated glycolysis and oxidative stress. The high reactivity of fructose supports the contention that fructose accelerates subcellular hexose sugar-related protein modifications, such as O-GlcNAcylation and advanced glycation end product formation. Exciting recent discoveries link heart failure to induction of the specific high-affinity fructose-metabolizing enzyme, fructokinase, in an experimental setting. In this Perspective, we review key recent findings to synthesize a novel view of fructose as a cardiopathogenic agent in diabetes and to identify important knowledge gaps for urgent research focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicky L Benson
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberley M Mellor
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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van den Brom CE, Bulte CS, Loer SA, Bouwman RA, Boer C. Diabetes, perioperative ischaemia and volatile anaesthetics: consequences of derangements in myocardial substrate metabolism. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2013; 12:42. [PMID: 23452502 PMCID: PMC3599199 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-12-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile anaesthetics exert protective effects on the heart against perioperative ischaemic injury. However, there is growing evidence that these cardioprotective properties are reduced in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A strong predictor of postoperative cardiac function is myocardial substrate metabolism. In the type 2 diabetic heart, substrate metabolism is shifted from glucose utilisation to fatty acid oxidation, resulting in metabolic inflexibility and cardiac dysfunction. The ischaemic heart also loses its metabolic flexibility and can switch to glucose or fatty acid oxidation as its preferential state, which may deteriorate cardiac function even further in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Recent experimental studies suggest that the cardioprotective properties of volatile anaesthetics partly rely on changing myocardial substrate metabolism. Interventions that target at restoration of metabolic derangements, like lifestyle and pharmacological interventions, may therefore be an interesting candidate to reduce perioperative complications. This review will focus on the current knowledge regarding myocardial substrate metabolism during volatile anaesthesia in the obese and type 2 diabetic heart during perioperative ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charissa E van den Brom
- Department of Anesthesiology, Experimental Laboratory for VItal Signs, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Huang JV, Lu L, Ye S, Bergman BC, Sparagna GC, Sarraf M, Reusch JEB, Greyson CR, Schwartz GG. Impaired contractile recovery after low-flow myocardial ischemia in a porcine model of metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H861-73. [PMID: 23335793 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00535.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Clinical metabolic syndrome conveys a poor prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome, not fully accounted for by the extent of coronary atherosclerosis. To explain this observation, we determined whether postischemic myocardial contractile and metabolic function are impaired in a porcine dietary model of metabolic syndrome without atherosclerosis. Micropigs (n = 28) were assigned to a control diet (low fat, no added sugars) or an intervention diet (high saturated fat and simple sugars, no added cholesterol) for 7 mo. The intervention diet produced obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance, but not atherosclerosis. Under open-chest, anesthetized conditions, pigs underwent 45 min of low-flow myocardial ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. In both diet groups, contractile function was similar at baseline and declined similarly during ischemia. However, after 120 min of reperfusion, regional work recovered to 21 ± 12% of baseline in metabolic syndrome pigs compared with 61 ± 13% in control pigs (P = 0.01). Ischemia-reperfusion caused a progressive decline in mechanical/metabolic efficiency (regional work/O2 consumption) in metabolic syndrome hearts, but not in control hearts. Metabolic syndrome hearts demonstrated altered fatty acyl composition of cardiolipin and increased Akt phosphorylation in both ischemic and nonischemic regions, suggesting tonic activation. Metabolic syndrome hearts used more fatty acid than control hearts (P = 0.03). When fatty acid availability was restricted by prior insulin exposure, differences between groups in postischemic contractile recovery and mechanical/metabolic efficiency were eliminated. In conclusion, pigs with characteristics of metabolic syndrome demonstrate impaired contractile and metabolic recovery after low-flow myocardial ischemia. Contributory mechanisms may include remodeling of cardiolipin, abnormal activation of Akt, and excessive utilization of fatty acid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice V Huang
- Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO 80220, USA
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Montessuit C, Lerch R. Regulation and dysregulation of glucose transport in cardiomyocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:848-56. [PMID: 22967513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the heart muscle to derive energy from a wide variety of substrates provides the myocardium with remarkable capacity to adapt to the ever-changing metabolic environment depending on factors including nutritional state and physical activity. There is increasing evidence that loss of metabolic flexibility of the myocardium contributes to cardiac dysfunction in disease conditions such as diabetes, ischemic heart disease and heart failure. At the level of glucose metabolism reduced metabolic adaptation in most cases is characterized by impaired stimulation of transarcolemmal glucose transport in the cardiomyocytes in response to insulin, referred to as insulin resistance, or to other stimuli such as energy deficiency. This review discusses cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes and their potential implication in impairment of stimulation of glucose transport under disease conditions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Cardiac Pathways of Differentiation, Metabolism and Contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Montessuit
- Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Leguisamo NM, Lehnen AM, Machado UF, Okamoto MM, Markoski MM, Pinto GH, Schaan BD. GLUT4 content decreases along with insulin resistance and high levels of inflammatory markers in rats with metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:100. [PMID: 22897936 PMCID: PMC3439702 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance, which is closely related to GLUT4 content in insulin-sensitive tissues. Thus, we evaluated the GLUT4 expression, insulin resistance and inflammation, characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, in an experimental model. Methods Spontaneously hypertensive neonate rats (18/group) were treated with monosodium glutamate (MetS) during 9 days, and compared with Wistar-Kyoto (C) and saline-treated SHR (H). Blood pressure (BP) and lipid levels, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), TNF-α and adiponectin were evaluated. GLUT4 protein was analysed in the heart, white adipose tissue and gastrocnemius. Studies were performed at 3 (3-mo), 6 (6-mo) and 9 (9-mo) months of age. Results MetS rats were more insulin resistant (p<0.001, all ages) and had higher BP (3-mo: p<0.001, 6-mo: p = 0.001, 9-mo: p = 0.015) as compared to C. At 6 months, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α were higher (p<0.001, all comparisons) in MetS rats vs H, but adiponectin was lower in MetS at 9 months (MetS: 32 ± 2, H: 42 ± 2, C: 45 ± 2 pg/mL; p<0.001). GLUT4 protein was reduced in MetS as compared to C rats at 3, 6 and 9-mo, respectively (Heart: 54%, 50% and 57%; Gastrocnemius: 37%, 56% and 50%; Adipose tissue: 69%, 61% and 69%). Conclusions MSG-treated SHR presented all metabolic syndrome characteristics, as well as reduced GLUT4 content, which must play a key role in the impaired glycemic homeostasis of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Leguisamo
- Laboratório de Experimentação Animal e Laboratório de Cardiologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação, Universitária de Cardiologia, Bairro Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Atorvastatin Protects against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Fructose-Induced Insulin Resistant Rats. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2011; 25:285-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-011-6312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Nduhirabandi F, Du Toit EF, Blackhurst D, Marais D, Lochner A. Chronic melatonin consumption prevents obesity-related metabolic abnormalities and protects the heart against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in a prediabetic model of diet-induced obesity. J Pineal Res 2011; 50:171-82. [PMID: 21073520 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease, is associated with increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant status. Melatonin, a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant, has powerful cardioprotective effects in lean animals but its efficacy in obesity is unknown. We investigated the effects of chronic melatonin administration on the development of the metabolic syndrome as well as ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Male Wistar rats received a control diet, a control diet with melatonin, a high-calorie diet, or a high-calorie diet with melatonin (DM). Melatonin (4 mg/kg/day) was administered in the drinking water. After 16 wk, biometric and blood metabolic parameters were measured. Hearts were perfused ex vivo for the evaluation of myocardial function, infarct size (IFS) and biochemical changes [activation of PKB/Akt, ERK, p38 MAPK, AMPK, and glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 expression). The high-calorie diet caused increases in body weight (BW), visceral adiposity, serum insulin and triglycerides (TRIG), with no change in glucose levels. Melatonin treatment reduced the BW gain, visceral adiposity, blood TRIG, serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment index and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the DIO group. Melatonin reduced IFS in DIO and control groups and increased percentage recovery of functional performance of DIO hearts. During reperfusion, hearts from melatonin-treated rats had increased activation of PKB/Akt, ERK42/44 and reduced p38 MAPK activation. Chronic melatonin treatment prevented the metabolic abnormalities induced by DIO and protected the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. These beneficial effects were associated with activation of the reperfusion injury salvage kinases pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Nduhirabandi
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Abstract
A regulação da homeostasia intra e extra-celular da glicose está diretamente relacionada ao controle preciso da expressão dos genes que codificam as diferentes isoformas de proteínas transportadoras de glicose, as quais se expressam de maneira tecido-específica, em conseqüência do padrão de ativação dos fatores transcricionais reguladores de cada gene, em cada tipo celular. A síndrome metabólica (SM) abrange uma grande variedade de alterações fisiopatológicas, todas de repercussões sistêmicas, acometendo os mais distintos territórios do organismo, nos quais alterações nos transportadores de glicose presentes são observadas em maior ou menor grau. A presente revisão abordará as alterações na expressão de transportadores de glicose claramente demonstradas na literatura, cujas repercussões nos fluxos territoriais de glicose auxiliam na compreensão de mecanismos fisiopatológicos da SM, assim como dos tratamentos propostos para esta entidade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubiratan Fabres Machado
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP.
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