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Terpe P, Ruhs S, Dubourg V, Bucher M, Gekle M. The synergism of cytosolic acidosis and reduced NAD +/NADH ratio is responsible for lactic acidosis-induced vascular smooth muscle cell impairment in sepsis. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:3. [PMID: 38195466 PMCID: PMC10775599 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During sepsis, serve vascular dysfunctions lead to life-threatening multiple organ failure, due to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) impairments, resulting in vasoplegia, hypotension and hypoperfusion. In addition, septic patients have an altered cell metabolism that leads to lactic acidosis. Septic patients suffering from lactic acidosis have a high risk of mortality. In addition, septic survivors are at risk of secondary vascular disease. The underlying mechanisms of whether and how lactic acidosis leads to the changes in VSMCs is not well understood. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the effect of lactic acidosis on VSMCs and additionally compare the effects with those induced by pure acidosis and sodium lactate. METHODS Primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) were treated for 48 h with lactic acidosis (LA_pH 6.8), hydrochloric acid (HCl_pH 6.8), sodium lactate (Na+-lactate_pH 7.4) and the respective controls (ctrl._pH 7.4; hyperosmolarity control: mannitol_pH 7.4) and comparatively analyzed for changes in (i) transcriptome, (ii) energy metabolism, and (iii) phenotype. RESULTS Both types of acidosis led to comparable and sustained intracellular acidification without affecting cell viability. RNA sequencing and detailed transcriptome analysis revealed more significant changes for lactic acidosis than for hydrochloric acidosis, with lactate being almost ineffective, suggesting qualitative and quantitative synergism of acidosis and lactate. Bioinformatic predictions in energy metabolism and phenotype were confirmed experimentally. Lactic acidosis resulted in strong inhibition of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and altered mitochondrial respiration which reduced cellular ATP content, likely due to increased TXNIP expression and altered NAD+/NADH ratio. Hydrochloric acidosis induced significantly smaller effects without changing the NAD+/NADH ratio, with the ATP content remaining constant. These metabolic changes led to osteo-/chondrogenic/senescent transdifferentiation of VSMCs, with the effect being more pronounced in lactic acidosis than in pure acidosis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, lactic acidosis exerted a much stronger effect on energy metabolism than pure acidosis, whereas lactate had almost no effect, reflecting the qualitative and quantitative synergism of acidosis and lactate. As a consequence, lactic acidosis may lead to acute functional impairments of VSMC, sustained perturbations of the transcriptome and cellular dedifferentiation. Moreover, these effects may contribute to the acute and prolonged vascular pathomechanisms in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Terpe
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefanie Ruhs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Virginie Dubourg
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Bucher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, University Hospital Halle (Saale), 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Chen L, Wang W, Peng X, Liu L, Zhang A, Li X, Ma K, Wang L. Alpha1-adrenoceptors activate NLRP3 inflammasome through downregulation of Kir2.1 in cardiac inflammation. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:589-600. [PMID: 35363405 DOI: 10.1113/ep090243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The mechanism of cardiac inflammation induced by α 1 -AR stimulation by NLRP3 inflammasome activation is unclear. What is the main finding and its importance? In the mechanism of cardiac inflammation induced by α1 -AR overreaction, Kir2.1 exerts cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome. ABSTRACT Overstimulated sympathetic nerves in cardiovascular diseases can lead to impaired cardiomyocyte function and potential heart failure, which activates not only β-AR but also α1 -AR. A previous report indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is involved in cardiac inflammation induced by the α1 -AR agonist phenylephrine, but the mechanism is still unknown. Here, we aimed to study whether Kir2.1 is involved in cardiac inflammation caused by phenylephrine. The results from in vitro experiments showed that phenylephrine upregulated the expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β and downregulated the expression level of Kir2.1 in H9C2 cells. The Kir2.1 agonist zacopride downregulated the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18, and the Kir2.1 inhibitor ML133 upregulated the expression of these genes. To further explore the mechanism, we found that zacopride downregulated the protein expression level of p-p65 and that ML133 upregulated it. Moreover, the NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor curcumenol reversed the expression of NLRP3 inflammasomes caused by phenylephrine in H9C2 cells. In vivo experiments, the protein expression level of Kir2.1 in the phenylephrine group was significantly decreased, and the activation of Kir2.1 by zacopride reduced cardiac inflammation. In short, Kir2.1 is related to α1 -AR overactivation, which induces cardiac inflammation, through the NF-κB signaling pathway, and activating Kir2.1 can downregulate NLRP3 inflammation and exert cardioprotective effects by zacopride. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- The 3rd Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence, Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- The 3rd Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence, Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Xiangyang Peng
- The 3rd Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence, Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Luqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence, Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Aimei Zhang
- The 3rd Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence, Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence, Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Ketao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence, Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,Department of Physiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Li Wang
- The 3rd Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence, Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
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Koch V, Weber C, Riffel JH, Buchner K, Buss SJ, Hein S, Mereles D, Hagenmueller M, Erbel C, März W, Booz C, Albrecht MH, Vogl TJ, Frey N, Hardt SE, Ochs M. Impact of Homoarginine on Myocardial Function and Remodeling in a Rat Model of Chronic Renal Failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2022; 27:10742484211054620. [PMID: 34994208 DOI: 10.1177/10742484211054620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low plasma concentrations of the amino acid homoarginine (HA) have been shown to correlate with adverse cardiovascular outcome, particularly in patients with chronic kidney disease. The present study sought to investigate the effect of HA treatment on cardiac remodeling in rats undergoing artificially induced renal insufficiency by 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx). METHODS A total of 33 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham and 5/6 Nx groups, receiving either placebo treatment or 400 mg·kg-1·day-1 HA over a 4-week period. RESULTS 5/6 Nx per se resulted in adverse myocardial remodeling with aggravated cardiac function and associated cardiac overload as the most obvious alteration (-23% ejection fraction, P < 0.0001), as well as increased myocardial fibrosis (+80%, P = 0.0005) compared to placebo treated sham animals. HA treatment of 5/6 Nx rats has led to an improvement of ejection fraction (+24%, P = 0.0003) and fractional shortening (+21%, P = 0.0126), as well as a decrease of collagen deposition (-32%, P = 0.0041), left ventricular weight (-14%, P = 0.0468), and myocyte cross-sectional area (-12%, P < 0.0001). These changes were accompanied by a downregulation of atrial natriuretic factor (-65% P < 0.0001) and collagen type V alpha 1 chain (-44%, P = 0.0006). Sham animals revealed no significant changes in cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, or any of the aforementioned molecular changes after drug treatment. CONCLUSION Dietary HA supplementation appears to have the potential of preventing cardiac remodeling and improving heart function in the setting of chronic kidney disease. Our findings shed new light on HA as a possible new therapeutic agent for patients at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Koch
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christophe Weber
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes H Riffel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Buchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Section for Developmental Genetics, 27178University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Buss
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Selina Hein
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Derliz Mereles
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Hagenmueller
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Erbel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christian Booz
- 9173Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Thomas J Vogl
- 9173Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan E Hardt
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Ochs
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pulmonology, 27178Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Samanta J, Mondal A, Das S, Chakraborty S, Sengupta A. Induction of cardiomyocyte calcification is dependent on FoxO1/NFATc3/Runx2 signaling. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:973-986. [PMID: 34845564 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders (CAVDs) being a major concern over the past several years due to the huge number of morbidity and mortality worldwide, a number of studies have been done on the various aspects of cardiac problems. One of the various CAVDs is cardiovascular calcification. A number of investigations and research work have been done previously on the molecular mechanism of vascular and heart valve calcification but the mechanism of myocardial and cardiomyocyte calcification has remained uninvestigated. A number of case studies have shown the presence of calcific deposits in the myocardial/ventricular region of the heart in fetal condition as well as in individuals of different ages but no detailed studies have been done yet. In this study, we have mainly investigated the role of Forkhead box transcription factor FoxO1 and nuclear factor of activated T-cells NFATc3 in cardiomyocyte calcification. Our studies in H9c2 cardiomyocytes show that calcific deposition in cardiomyocytes does not occur in 15 d but upon osteogenic induction for 1 mo where FoxO1 expression gets reduced thereby increasing the expression of its downstream target NFATc3, thus increasing the expression of the osteogenic marker Runx2. Detailed studies on the molecular mechanism of cardiomyocyte calcification will help in finding out therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cardiac calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Samanta
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunima Mondal
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Shreya Das
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Chakraborty
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Lee J, Park H, Moon S, Do JT, Hong K, Choi Y. Expression and Regulation of CD73 during the Estrous Cycle in Mouse Uterus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179403. [PMID: 34502315 PMCID: PMC8431015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73, also known as ecto-5′-nucleotidase) is an enzyme that converts AMP into adenosine. CD73 is a surface enzyme bound to the outside of the plasma membrane expressed in several cells and regulates immunity and inflammation. In particular, it is known to inhibit T cell-mediated immune responses. However, the regulation of CD73 expression by hormones in the uterus is not yet clearly known. In this study, we investigated the expression of CD73 in ovariectomized mice treated with estrogen or progesterone and its regulation in the mouse uterus during the estrous cycle. The level of CD73 expression was dynamically regulated in the uterus during the estrous cycle. CD73 protein expression was high in proestrus, estrus, and diestrus, whereas it was relatively low in the metestrus stage. Immunofluorescence revealed that CD73 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of the luminal and glandular epithelium and the stroma of the endometrium. The expression of CD73 in ovariectomized mice was gradually increased by progesterone treatment. However, estrogen injection did not affect its expression. Moreover, CD73 expression was increased when estrogen and progesterone were co-administered and was inhibited by the pretreatment of the progesterone receptor antagonist RU486. These findings suggest that the expression of CD73 is dynamically regulated by estrogen and progesterone in the uterine environment, and that there may be a synergistic effect of estrogen and progesterone.
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Jablonska P, Kutryb‐Zajac B, Mierzejewska P, Jasztal A, Bocian B, Lango R, Rogowski J, Chlopicki S, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. The new insight into extracellular NAD + degradation-the contribution of CD38 and CD73 in calcific aortic valve disease. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5884-5898. [PMID: 34142751 PMCID: PMC8256368 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is crucial for cell energy metabolism and many signalling processes. Recently, we proved the role of ecto-enzymes in controlling adenine nucleotide-dependent pathways during calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). This study aimed to investigate extracellular hydrolysis of NAD+ and mononucleotide nicotinamide (NMN) in aortic valves and aorta fragments of CAVD patients and on the inner aortic surface of ecto-5'-nucleotidase knockout mice (CD73-/-). Human non-stenotic valves (n = 10) actively converted NAD+ and NMN via both CD73 and NAD+ -glycohydrolase (CD38) according to our analysis with RP-HPLC and immunofluorescence. In stenotic valves (n = 50), due to reduced CD73 activity, NAD+ was degraded predominantly by CD38 and additionally by ALP and eNPP1. CAVD patients had significantly higher hydrolytic rates of NAD+ (0.81 ± 0.07 vs 0.56 ± 0.10) and NMN (1.12 ± 0.10 vs 0.71 ± 0.08 nmol/min/cm2 ) compared with controls. CD38 was also primarily engaged in human vascular NAD+ metabolism. Studies using specific ecto-enzyme inhibitors and CD73-/- mice confirmed that CD73 is not the only enzyme involved in NAD+ and NMN hydrolysis and that CD38 had a significant contribution to these pathways. Modifications of extracellular NAD+ and NMN metabolism in aortic valve cells may be particularly important in valve pathology and could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental TherapeuticsJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Barbara Bocian
- Department of Cardiac & Vascular SurgeryMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland
| | - Romuald Lango
- Department of Cardiac AnaesthesiologyMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland
| | - Jan Rogowski
- Department of Cardiac & Vascular SurgeryMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental TherapeuticsJagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | | | - Ewa M. Slominska
- Department of BiochemistryMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland
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Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), disturbance of several metabolic regulatory mechanisms cause premature ageing, accelerated cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality. Single-target interventions have repeatedly failed to improve the prognosis for CKD patients. Epigenetic interventions have the potential to modulate several pathogenetic processes simultaneously. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a robust predictor of CVD and all-cause mortality and implicated in pathogenic processes associated with CVD in CKD.
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Wang Y, Copeland J, Shin M, Chang Y, Venton BJ. CD73 or CD39 Deletion Reveals Different Mechanisms of Formation for Spontaneous and Mechanically Stimulated Adenosine and Sex Specific Compensations in ATP Degradation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:919-928. [PMID: 32083837 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is important for local neuromodulation, and rapid adenosine signaling can occur spontaneously or after mechanical stimulation, but little is known about how adenosine is formed in the extracellular space for those stimulations. Here, we studied mechanically stimulated and spontaneous adenosine to determine if rapid adenosine is formed by extracellular breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using mice globally deficient in extracellular breakdown enzymes, either CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, NTPDase1) or CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase). CD39 knockout (KO) mice have a lower frequency of spontaneous adenosine events than wild-type (WT, C57BL/6). Surprisingly, CD73KO mice demonstrate sex differences in spontaneous adenosine; males maintain similar event frequencies as WT, but females have significantly fewer events and lower concentrations. Examining the mRNA expression of other enzymes that metabolize ATP revealed tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) was upregulated in male CD73KO mice, but not secreted prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) or transmembrane PAP. Thus, TNAP upregulation compensates for CD73 loss in males but not in females. These sex differences highlight that spontaneous adenosine is formed by metabolism of extracellular ATP by many enzymes. For mechanically stimulated adenosine, CD39KO or CD73KO did not change stimulation frequency, concentration, or t1/2. Thus, the mechanism of formation for mechanically stimulated adenosine is likely direct release of adenosine, different than spontaneous adenosine. Understanding these different mechanisms of rapid adenosine formation will help to develop pharmacological treatments that differentially target modes of rapid adenosine signaling, and all treatments should be studied in both sexes, given possible differences in extracellular ATP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jeffrey Copeland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department of Biology, Eastern Mennonite University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22802, United States
| | - Mimi Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Yuanyu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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9
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Kutryb-Zajac B, Jablonska P, Serocki M, Bulinska A, Mierzejewska P, Friebe D, Alter C, Jasztal A, Lango R, Rogowski J, Bartoszewski R, Slominska EM, Chlopicki S, Schrader J, Yacoub MH, Smolenski RT. Nucleotide ecto-enzyme metabolic pattern and spatial distribution in calcific aortic valve disease; its relation to pathological changes and clinical presentation. Clin Res Cardiol 2020; 109:137-160. [PMID: 31144065 PMCID: PMC6989624 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-019-01495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular nucleotide metabolism contributes to chronic inflammation, cell differentiation, and tissue mineralization by controlling nucleotide and adenosine concentrations and hence its purinergic effects. This study investigated location-specific changes of extracellular nucleotide metabolism in aortic valves of patients with calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Individual ecto-enzymes and adenosine receptors involved were analyzed together with correlation with CAVD severity and risk factors. RESULTS Nucleotide and adenosine degradation rates were adversely modified on the aortic surface of stenotic valve as compared to ventricular side, including decreased ATP removal (1.25 ± 0.35 vs. 2.24 ± 0.61 nmol/min/cm2) and adenosine production (1.32 ± 0.12 vs. 2.49 ± 0.28 nmol/min/cm2) as well as increased adenosine deamination (1.28 ± 0.31 vs. 0.67 ± 0.11 nmol/min/cm2). The rates of nucleotide to adenosine conversions were lower, while adenosine deamination was higher on the aortic sides of stenotic vs. non-stenotic valve. There were no differences in extracellular nucleotide metabolism between aortic and ventricular sides of non-stenotic valves. Furthermore, nucleotide degradation rates, measured on aortic side in CAVD (n = 62), negatively correlated with echocardiographic and biochemical parameters of disease severity (aortic jet velocity vs. ATP hydrolysis: r = - 0.30, p < 0.05; vs. AMP hydrolysis: r = - 0.44, p < 0.001; valvular phosphate concentration vs. ATP hydrolysis: r = - 0.26, p < 0.05; vs. AMP hydrolysis: r = - 0.25, p = 0.05) while adenosine deamination showed positive correlation trend with valvular phosphate deposits (r = 0.23, p = 0.07). Nucleotide and adenosine conversion rates also correlated with CAVD risk factors, including hyperlipidemia (AMP hydrolysis vs. serum LDL cholesterol: r = - 0.28, p = 0.05; adenosine deamination vs. total cholesterol: r = 0.25, p = 0.05; LDL cholesterol: r = 0.28, p < 0.05; triglycerides: r = 0.32, p < 0.05), hypertension (adenosine deamination vs. systolic blood pressure: r = 0.28, p < 0.05) and thrombosis (ATP hydrolysis vs. prothrombin time: r = - 0.35, p < 0.01). Functional assays as well as histological and immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and RT-PCR studies identified all major ecto-enzymes engaged in nucleotide metabolism in aortic valves that included ecto-nucleotidases, alkaline phosphatase, and ecto-adenosine deaminase. We have shown that changes in nucleotide-converting ecto-enzymes were derived from their altered activities on valve cells and immune cell infiltrate. We have also demonstrated a presence of A1, A2a and A2b adenosine receptors with diminished expression of A2a and A2b in stenotic vs. non-stenotic valves. Finally, we revealed that augmenting adenosine effects by blocking adenosine deamination with deoxycoformycin decreased aortic valve thickness and reduced markers of calcification via adenosine-dependent pathways in a mouse model of CAVD. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights profound changes in extracellular nucleotide and adenosine metabolism in CAVD. Altered extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis and degradation of adenosine in stenotic valves may affect purinergic responses to support a pro-stenotic milieu and valve calcification. This emphasizes a potential mechanism and target for prevention and therapy. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Jablonska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Serocki
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107 Street, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alicja Bulinska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Mierzejewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Daniela Friebe
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Alter
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzyńskiego 14 Street, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Romuald Lango
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jan Rogowski
- Chair and Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107 Street, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Bobrzyńskiego 14 Street, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Magdi H Yacoub
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College of London at Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1 Street, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
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10
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Lai Q, Yuan G, Wang H, Liu Z, Kou J, Yu B, Li F. Metabolomic profiling of metoprolol-induced cardioprotection in a murine model of acute myocardial ischemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109820. [PMID: 31972362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metoprolol (Met) is widely applied in the treatment of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease in clinic. However, the metabolic network in vivo affected by Met manipulation is still unclear and it's therapeutic molecular mechanisms were remained to be furthered elucidated except β1 adrenergic receptor. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by permanent CAL for 24 h in ICR mice. Myocardial infarct size, biochemical indicators such as creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive Protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cardiac troponin I(cTn-I), cardiac function and myocardial pathological changes were detected to ensure the improvement of Met on MI. Subsequently, the significantly changed endogenous metabolites and the network in both serum and urine were screened and constructed through metabolomics by using HPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Finally, the potential regulatory enzymes that could be the possible new therapeutic targets of Met were selected and validated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry based on the screened differential metabolites and the enrichment analysis. Met effectively reduced the infarct size of myocardial infarction mice, improved the biochemical indicators, and ameliorated the cardiac function and pathological conditions. Our study further found that Met could regulate the pathways of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism under the pathological conditions of MI. Moreover, several regulatory enzymes involved GATM, CSE and NT5E were demonstrated to be regulated by Met. This study constructed the regulatory metabolic network map of Met, elucidated the endogenous metabolic pathway regulated by Met, and validated the new potential therapeutic targets of Met in MI, which might provide a further reference for the clinical application of Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Guangying Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zeliang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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11
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Minor M, Alcedo KP, Battaglia RA, Snider NT. Cell type- and tissue-specific functions of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1079-C1092. [PMID: 31461341 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00285.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase [cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73)] is a ubiquitously expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that converts extracellular adenosine 5'-monophosphate to adenosine. Anti-CD73 inhibitory antibodies are currently undergoing clinical testing for cancer immunotherapy. However, many protective physiological functions of CD73 need to be taken into account for new targeted therapies. This review examines CD73 functions in multiple organ systems and cell types, with a particular focus on novel findings from the last 5 years. Missense loss-of-function mutations in the CD73-encoding gene NT5E cause the rare disease "arterial calcifications due to deficiency of CD73." Aside from direct human disease involvement, cellular and animal model studies have revealed key functions of CD73 in tissue homeostasis and pathology across multiple organ systems. In the context of the central nervous system, CD73 is antinociceptive and protects against inflammatory damage, while also contributing to age-dependent decline in cortical plasticity. CD73 preserves barrier function in multiple tissues, a role that is most evident in the respiratory system, where it inhibits endothelial permeability in an adenosine-dependent manner. CD73 has important cardioprotective functions during myocardial infarction and heart failure. Under ischemia-reperfusion injury conditions, rapid and sustained induction of CD73 confers protection in the liver and kidney. In some cases, the mechanism by which CD73 mediates tissue injury is less clear. For example, CD73 has a promoting role in liver fibrosis but is protective in lung fibrosis. Future studies that integrate CD73 regulation and function at the cellular level with physiological responses will improve its utility as a disease target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marquet Minor
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Karel P Alcedo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rachel A Battaglia
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Natasha T Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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12
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Arnò B, Galli F, Roostalu U, Aldeiri BM, Miyake T, Albertini A, Bragg L, Prehar S, McDermott JC, Cartwright EJ, Cossu G. TNAP limits TGF-β-dependent cardiac and skeletal muscle fibrosis by inactivating the SMAD2/3 transcription factors. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.234948. [PMID: 31289197 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is associated with almost all forms of chronic cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases. The accumulation of extracellular matrix impairs the contractility of muscle cells contributing to organ failure. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays a pivotal role in fibrosis, activating pro-fibrotic gene programmes via phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 transcription factors. However, the mechanisms that control de-phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 (SMAD2/3) have remained poorly characterized. Here, we show that tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP, also known as ALPL) is highly upregulated in hypertrophic hearts and in dystrophic skeletal muscles, and that the abrogation of TGF-β signalling in TNAP-positive cells reduces vascular and interstitial fibrosis. We show that TNAP colocalizes and interacts with SMAD2. The TNAP inhibitor MLS-0038949 increases SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, while TNAP overexpression reduces SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and the expression of downstream fibrotic genes. Overall our data demonstrate that TNAP negatively regulates TGF-β signalling and likely represents a mechanism to limit fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Arnò
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Medicines Discovery Catapult, Mereside, Alderley Edge SK104TG, UK
| | - Francesco Galli
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Urmas Roostalu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Gubra Hørsholm Kongevej 11B 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Bashar M Aldeiri
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Tetsuaki Miyake
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Alessandra Albertini
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,TIGET-HSR, Ospedale San Raffele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Laricia Bragg
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sukhpal Prehar
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - John C McDermott
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Cartwright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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13
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Weber A, Barth M, Selig JI, Raschke S, Dakaras K, Hof A, Hesse J, Schrader J, Lichtenberg A, Akhyari P. Enzymes of the purinergic signaling system exhibit diverse effects on the degeneration of valvular interstitial cells in a 3-D microenvironment. FASEB J 2018; 32:4356-4369. [PMID: 29558203 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701326r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease is an active disease process with lipoprotein deposition, chronic inflammation, and progressive leaflet degeneration. Expression of ectonucleotidases, a group of membrane-bound enzymes that regulate the metabolism of ATP and its metabolites, may coregulate the degeneration process of valvular interstitial cells (VICs). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the enzymes of the purinergic system in the degeneration process of VICs. Ovine VICs were cultivated in vitro under different prodegenerative conditions and treated with inhibitors of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39)/ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), and 5'-nucleotidase (CD73), as well as with adenosine and adenosine receptor agonists. Experiments were performed both in 2-dimensional (2-D) and 3-dimensional (3-D) cell-culture models. Our main findings were that VICs continuously release ATP. Inhibition of ATP hydrolyzing enzymes (CD39 and ENPP1) resulted in profound prodegenerative effects with a vigorous up-regulation of CD39, ENPP1, and CD73, as well as TGF-β1 and osteopontin at the gene level. In our 3-D model, the effect was more pronounced than in 2-D monolayers. Increasing adenosine levels, as well as stimulating the adenosine receptors A2A and A2B, exhibited strong prodegenerative effects, whereas conversely, lowering adenosine levels by inhibition of CD73 resulted in protective effects against degeneration. Dysregulation of any one of these enzymes plays an important role in the degeneration process of VICs. Stimulation of ATP and adenosine has prodegenerative effects, whereas lowering the adenosine levels exerts a protective effect.-Weber, A., Barth, M., Selig, J. I., Raschke, S., Dakaras, K., Hof, A., Hesse, J., Schrader, J., Lichtenberg, A., Akhyari, P. Enzymes of the purinergic signaling system exhibit diverse effects on the degeneration of valvular interstitial cells in a 3-D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Weber
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Mareike Barth
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica Isabel Selig
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Silja Raschke
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Dakaras
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Hof
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Hesse
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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14
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Hao W, Yang R, Yang Y, Jin S, Li Y, Yuan F, Guo Q, Xiao L, Wang X, Wang F, Wu Y, Teng X. Stellate ganglion block ameliorates vascular calcification by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Life Sci 2018; 193:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Zukowska P, Kutryb-Zajac B, Jasztal A, Toczek M, Zabielska M, Borkowski T, Khalpey Z, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. Deletion of CD73 in mice leads to aortic valve dysfunction. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1464-1472. [PMID: 28192180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aortic stenosis is known to involve inflammation and thrombosis. Changes in activity of extracellular enzyme - ecto-5'-nucleotidase (referred also as CD73) can alter inflammatory and thrombotic responses. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CD73 deletion in mice on development of aortic valve dysfunction and to compare it to the effect of high-fat diet. Four groups of mice (normal-diet Wild Type (WT), high-fat diet WT, normal diet CD73-/-, high-fat diet CD73-/-) were maintained for 15weeks followed by echocardiographic analysis of aortic valve function, measurement of aortic surface activities of nucleotide catabolism enzymes as well as alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral composition and histology of aortic valve leaflets. CD73-/- knock out led to an increase in peak aortic flow (1.06±0.26m/s) compared to WT (0.79±0.26m/s) indicating obstruction. Highest values of peak aortic flow (1.26±0.31m/s) were observed in high-fat diet CD73-/- mice. Histological analysis showed morphological changes in CD73-/- including thickening and accumulation of dark deposits, proved to be melanin. Concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and PO43- in valve leaflets were elevated in CD73-/- mice. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was enhanced after ATP treatment and reduced after adenosine treatment in aortas incubated in osteogenic medium. AMP hydrolysis in CD73-/- was below 10% of WT. Activity of ecto-adenosine deaminase (eADA), responsible for adenosine deamination, in the CD73-/- was 40% lower when compared to WT. Deletion of CD73 in mice leads to aortic valve dysfunction similar to that induced by high-fat diet suggesting important role of this surface protein in maintaining heart valve integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zukowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - B Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - A Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Toczek
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - M Zabielska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - T Borkowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Z Khalpey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tuscon, United States
| | - R T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - E M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
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16
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Jin H, St Hilaire C, Huang Y, Yang D, Dmitrieva NI, Negro A, Schwartzbeck R, Liu Y, Yu Z, Walts A, Davaine JM, Lee DY, Donahue D, Hsu KS, Chen J, Cheng T, Gahl W, Chen G, Boehm M. Increased activity of TNAP compensates for reduced adenosine production and promotes ectopic calcification in the genetic disease ACDC. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra121. [PMID: 27965423 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf9109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ACDC (arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73) is an autosomal recessive disease resulting from loss-of-function mutations in NT5E, which encodes CD73, a 5'-ectonucleotidase that converts extracellular adenosine monophosphate to adenosine. ACDC patients display progressive calcification of lower extremity arteries, causing limb ischemia. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), which converts pyrophosphate (PPi) to inorganic phosphate (Pi), and extracellular purine metabolism play important roles in other inherited forms of vascular calcification. Compared to cells from healthy subjects, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (iMSCs) from ACDC patients displayed accelerated calcification and increased TNAP activity when cultured under conditions that promote osteogenesis. TNAP activity generated adenosine in iMSCs derived from ACDC patients but not in iMSCs from control subjects, which have CD73. In response to osteogenic stimulation, ACDC patient-derived iMSCs had decreased amounts of the TNAP substrate PPi, an inhibitor of extracellular matrix calcification, and exhibited increased activation of AKT, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), a pathway that promotes calcification. In vivo, teratomas derived from ACDC patient cells showed extensive calcification and increased TNAP activity. Treating mice bearing these teratomas with an A2b adenosine receptor agonist, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, or the bisphosphonate etidronate reduced calcification. These results show that an increase of TNAP activity in ACDC contributes to ectopic calcification by disrupting the extracellular balance of PPi and Pi and identify potential therapeutic targets for ACDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuting Huang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dan Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natalia I Dmitrieva
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alejandra Negro
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robin Schwartzbeck
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yangtengyu Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhen Yu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Avram Walts
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Davaine
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Duck-Yeon Lee
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Biochemistry Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Danielle Donahue
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Mouse Imaging Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin S Hsu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 10C103, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jessica Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - William Gahl
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Building 10, Room 10C103, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guibin Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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17
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Yegutkin GG. Enzymes involved in metabolism of extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides: functional implications and measurement of activities. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 49:473-97. [PMID: 25418535 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.953627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides mediate diverse signaling effects in virtually all organs and tissues. Most models of purinergic signaling depend on functional interactions between distinct processes, including (i) the release of endogenous ATP and other nucleotides, (ii) triggering of signaling events via a series of nucleotide-selective ligand-gated P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors as well as adenosine receptors and (iii) ectoenzymatic interconversion of purinergic agonists. The duration and magnitude of purinergic signaling is governed by a network of ectoenzymes, including the enzymes of the nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) family, the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) family, ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and other alkaline and acid phosphatases, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Along with "classical" inactivating ectoenzymes, recent data provide evidence for the co-existence of a counteracting ATP-regenerating pathway comprising the enzymes of the adenylate kinase (AK) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK/NME/NM23) families and ATP synthase. This review describes recent advances in this field, with special emphasis on purine-converting ectoenzymes as a complex and integrated network regulating purinergic signaling in such (patho)physiological states as immunomodulation, inflammation, tumorigenesis, arterial calcification and other diseases. The second part of this review provides a comprehensive overview and basic principles of major approaches employed for studying purinergic activities, including spectrophotometric Pi-liberating assays, high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) analyses of purine substrates and metabolites, capillary electrophoresis, bioluminescent, fluorometric and electrochemical enzyme-coupled assays, histochemical staining, and further emphasizes their advantages, drawbacks and suitability for assaying a particular catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady G Yegutkin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku , Turku , Finland
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18
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Calcification of joints and arteries: second report with novel NT5E mutations and expansion of the phenotype. J Hum Genet 2015; 60:561-4. [PMID: 26178434 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Calcification of joints and arteries (CALJA; MIM 211800) is an extremely rare mendelian disorder of isolated calcification that is characterized by late onset calcification of the extremity arteries and hand and foot joint capsules. Mutations of NT5E, encoding cluster of differentiation 73, have been implicated in CALJA. Here we report on a Chinese family with CALJA and novel compound heterozygous mutations (c.1360G>A (p.Gly454Arg) and c.1387C>T (p.Arg463X)) in NT5E. Our study represents the second report on patients with CALJA associated with NT5E mutations. The clinical features expand the previously reported phenotype of NT5E mutations. The propositus has calcification of the lower extremity arteries and hand and foot joint capsules similar to those previously reported patients. However, he also has calcification of the upper extremity arteries. By protein structural modeling, we found the mutation p.Gly454Arg may disrupt the folding of β-pleated sheet and destabilize the protein structure. Our findings will provide clues to the phenotype-genotype relations and may assist not only in the clinical diagnosis but also in the interpretation of genetic information used for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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19
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Schuetze KB, McKinsey TA. TNAP: a new player in cardiac fibrosis? Focus on "Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase as a target of sFRP2 in cardiac fibroblasts". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C137-8. [PMID: 26108666 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00167.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Schuetze
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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20
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Zukowska P, Kutryb-Zajac B, Toczek M, Smolenski RT, Slominska EM. The role of ecto-5'-nucleotidase in endothelial dysfunction and vascular pathologies. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:675-81. [PMID: 26321267 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (e5NT, CD73) is an enzyme that is highly expressed in endothelium and is involved in the extracellular nucleotide catabolism. CD73 converts AMP to adenosine that via specific subtypes of P1 receptor mediates cytoprotection involving diverse mechanisms such as vasodilatation, suppression of inflammation, inhibition of thrombosis and anti-adrenergic effect. Physiological intravascular concentration of adenosine is in nanomolar range, but could become micromolar in response to various forms of stress. Endothelium is a major site for both CD73 mediated production of adenosine and its cytoprotective effect. Nucleotides (predominantly ATP or ADP) that could be released from different cells via controlled specific of unspecific mechanisms constitute a major source of substrate for adenosine production via CD73. Direct effects of extracellular nucleotides (mediated by P2 receptors) are typically opposite to adenosine P1 mediated activities. Retention of nucleotides and decreased adenosine production due to loss of CD73 function may have negative implications and could be important cause of various pathologies. Protective role of CD73 was indicated in ectopic calcification, atherosclerosis, rejection after xenotransplantation and thrombosis. Reduced activity of CD73 due to lymphocyte contact with endothelium increases its permeability that leads to enhanced leukocyte transmigration. Upregulation of endothelial CD73 may therefore be protective in a number of cardiovascular pathologies. Such effect has been confirmed for some common drugs such as statins and it could be part of its pleiotropic portfolio. Activation of CD73 could be a new target for specific treatment strategy that in particular will enhance endothelial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Zukowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Marta Toczek
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Ewa M Slominska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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