1
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Mendes I, Vale N. How Can the Microbiome Induce Carcinogenesis and Modulate Drug Resistance in Cancer Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11855. [PMID: 37511612 PMCID: PMC10380870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, cancer has been affecting the lives of many people globally and it has become one of the most studied diseases. Despite the efforts to understand the cell mechanisms behind this complex disease, not every patient seems to respond to targeted therapies or immunotherapies. Drug resistance in cancer is one of the limiting factors contributing to unsuccessful therapies; therefore, understanding how cancer cells acquire this resistance is essential to help cure individuals affected by cancer. Recently, the altered microbiome was observed to be an important hallmark of cancer and therefore it represents a promising topic of cancer research. Our review aims to provide a global perspective of some cancer hallmarks, for instance how genetic and epigenetic modifications may be caused by an altered human microbiome. We also provide information on how an altered human microbiome can lead to cancer development as well as how the microbiome can influence drug resistance and ultimately targeted therapies. This may be useful to develop alternatives for cancer treatment, i.e., future personalized medicine that can help in cases where traditional cancer treatment is unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mendes
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Edifício de Geociências, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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2
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Phung HTT, Deenonpoe R, Suttiprapa S, Mairiang E, Edwards SW, Sripa B. Persistent advanced periductal fibrosis is associated with cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori infection in post-praziquantel treatment of opisthorchiasis. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12897. [PMID: 35527695 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini is associated with several hepatobiliary diseases including advanced periductal fibrosis (APF) and cholangiocarcinoma. Recently, we demonstrated a persistent APF in over one-third of opisthorchiasis patients after worm removal by praziquantel (PZQ) treatment. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of this phenomena is unclear. Given a co-infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) especially cagA-positive strain enhances APF, we hypothesized that H. pylori with CagA virulent factor contributes to persistent APF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five opisthorchiasis patients who underwent ultrasonography and treatment with PZQ were recruited in the 2-year follow-up study. Helicobacter and its cagA in the feces were examined by conventional and qPCR. Correlations between prevalence or bacterial loads of Helicobacter spp., H. pylori, and cagA-positive H. pylori before and after PZQ treatment were analyzed among resolved, slowly resolved, relapsed, and persistent APF groups. RESULTS Overall, prevalence of Helicobacter spp., H. pylori, and cagA-positive H. pylori declined after PZQ treatment. However, only the prevalence and bacterial loads of cagA-positive H. pylori detected at 2-year post-treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (p < .05). In addition, both prevalence and bacterial loads of cagA-positive H. pylori were significantly lower in the resolved APF group after PZQ treatment, while there were no significant changes in the slowly resolved, relapsed, and persistent APF groups. Among the APF subgroups, cagA-positive H. pylori prevalence in both relapsed and persistent APF groups were significantly higher than the resolved APF group. CONCLUSION The results support our hypothesis that H. pylori, especially cagA-positive strain, contributes to the relapsed and persistent APF. A supplementary antibiotic treatment for H. pylori to reduce persistent APF and eventually CCA is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Thi Thu Phung
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Raksawan Deenonpoe
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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3
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Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of disease demand a sound understanding of the underlying mechanisms, determining any Achilles' heel that can be targeted in effective therapies. Throughout history, this endeavour to decipher the origin and mechanism of transformation of a normal cell into cancer has led to various theories-from cancer as a curse to an understanding at the level of single-cell heterogeneity, meaning even among a single sub-type of cancer there are myriad molecular challenges to overcome. With increasing insight into cancer genetics and biology, the disease has become ever more complex to understand. The complexity of cancer as a disease was distilled into key traits by Hanahan and Weinberg in their seminal 'Hallmarks of Cancer' reviews. This lucid conceptualization of complex cancer biology is widely accepted and has helped advance cancer therapeutics by targeting the various hallmarks but, with the advancement in technologies, there is greater granularity in how we view cancer as a disease, and the additional understanding over the past decade requires us to revisit the hallmarks of cancer. Based on extensive study of the cancer research literature, we propose four novel hallmarks of cancer, namely, the ability of cells to regress from a specific specialized functional state, epigenetic changes that can affect gene expression, the role of microorganisms and neuronal signalling, to be included in the hallmark conceptualization along with evidence of various means to exploit them therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasi S. Senga
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen
Mary University of London, London EC1M
6BQ, UK
| | - Richard P. Grose
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen
Mary University of London, London EC1M
6BQ, UK
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4
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Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Role of vacuolating cytotoxin A in Helicobacter pylori infection and its impact on gastric pathogenesis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:987-996. [PMID: 32536287 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1782739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Helicobacter pylori causes, via the influence of several virulence factors, persistent infection of the stomach, which leads to severe complications. Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) is observed in almost all clinical strains of H. pylori; however, only some strains produce the toxigenic and pathogenic VacA, which is influenced by the gene sequence variations. VacA exerts its action by causing cell vacuolation and apoptosis. We performed a PubMed search to review the latest literatures published in English language. Areas covered Articles regarding H. pylori VacA and its genotypes, architecture, internalization, and role in gastric infection and pathogenicity are reviewed. We included the search for recently published literature until January 2020. Expert opinion H. pylori VacA plays a crucial role in severe gastric pathogenicity. In addition, VacA mediated in vivo bacterial survival leads to persistent infection and an enhanced bacterial evasion from the action of antibiotics and the innate host defense system, which leads to drug evasion. VacA as a co-stimulator for the CagA phosphorylation may exert a synergistic effect playing an important role in the CagA-mediated pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College , Bharatpur, Nepal
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine , Yufu, Oita, Japan.,Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health , Yufu, Oita, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA.,Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah , Kota Kinabaru, Malaysia
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5
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Khan M, Khan S, Ali A, Akbar H, Sayaf AM, Khan A, Wei DQ. Immunoinformatics approaches to explore Helicobacter Pylori proteome (Virulence Factors) to design B and T cell multi-epitope subunit vaccine. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13321. [PMID: 31527719 PMCID: PMC6746805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter Pylori is a known causal agent of gastric malignancies and peptic ulcers. The extremophile nature of this bacterium is protecting it from designing a potent drug against it. Therefore, the use of computational approaches to design antigenic, stable and safe vaccine against this pathogen could help to control the infections associated with it. Therefore, in this study, we used multiple immunoinformatics approaches along with other computational approaches to design a multi-epitopes subunit vaccine against H. Pylori. A total of 7 CTL and 12 HTL antigenic epitopes based on c-terminal cleavage and MHC binding scores were predicted from the four selected proteins (CagA, OipA, GroEL and cagA). The predicted epitopes were joined by AYY and GPGPG linkers. Β-defensins adjuvant was added to the N-terminus of the vaccine. For validation, immunogenicity, allergenicity and physiochemical analysis were conducted. The designed vaccine is likely antigenic in nature and produced robust and substantial interactions with Toll-like receptors (TLR-2, 4, 5, and 9). The vaccine developed was also subjected to an in silico cloning and immune response prediction model, which verified its efficiency of expression and the immune system provoking response. These analyses indicate that the suggested vaccine may produce particular immune responses against H. pylori, but laboratory validation is needed to verify the safety and immunogenicity status of the suggested vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Khan
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Asim Ali
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Hameed Akbar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Anhui Sheng, P.R. China
| | - Abrar Mohammad Sayaf
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abbas Khan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China.
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Mony TJ, Kwon HS, Won MK, Kang YM, Lee SH, Kim SY, Baek DY, Elahi F. Anti-urease immunoglobulin (IgY) from egg yolk prevents Helicobacter pylori infection in a mouse model. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1617251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyuck-Se Kwon
- Research Institute, ADBiotech CO., LTD, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Won
- Research Institute, ADBiotech CO., LTD, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Kang
- Research Institute, ADBiotech CO., LTD, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Su-Hee Lee
- Research Institute, ADBiotech CO., LTD, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeun Kim
- Research Institute, ADBiotech CO., LTD, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Doo-Yeon Baek
- Research Institute, ADBiotech CO., LTD, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
| | - Fazle Elahi
- Research Institute, ADBiotech CO., LTD, Chuncheon, Gangwon, South Korea
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7
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Immunohistochemical Expression of Xenophagy Proteins in Helicobacter pylori and None Helicobacter pylori Gastritis. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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8
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Bakhti SZ, Latifi-Navid S, Zahri S, Bakhti FS, Hajavi N, Yazdanbod A. Are Helicobacter pylori highly cytotoxic genotypes and cardia gastric adenocarcinoma linked? Lessons from Iran. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:235-246. [PMID: 29036792 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the most extensive studies revealed the role of H. pylori VacA and CagA toxins in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma, the magnitude of this association and the correlations of vacA mosaicism and cagA status with cardia gastric adenocarcinoma (CGA) still remain controversial. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the linkage of H. pylori highly cytotoxic genotypes to CGA in Iranian populations as a model. METHODS A total of 601 Iranian patients were enrolled. Biopsies were cultured, genotyped, and anatomically and histologically classified. RESULTS The vacA c1 genotype, but not cagA status, showed a strong association with the risk of both CGA and non-cardia adenocarcinoma (NCGA), whether the controls were non-tumors, as those with either non-atrophic gastritis or peptic ulcerations, (the OR (95%CI) was 14.11 (4.91-40.52) and 9.59 (4.06-22.65), respectively) or those with NAG (the OR (95%CI) was 10.71 (3.49-32.82) and 8.11 (3.26-20.16), respectively). The vacA c1/cagA+ genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of NCGA, whether the controls were non-tumors or those with NAG; the adjusted risk was 4.706 (1.41-15.67) and 4.85 (1.42-16.51), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The H. pylori vacA c1 genotype, but not cagA status, might be the first important bacterial biomarker for predicting the cardia adenocarcinoma risk in male patients aged ⩾ 55 in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Bakhti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran.,Biosciences and Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin 56318-51167, Iran
| | - Saber Zahri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Bakhti
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 48471-16548, Iran
| | - Naser Hajavi
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189-53141, Iran
| | - Abbas Yazdanbod
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189-53141, Iran.,Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189-53141, Iran
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9
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Zhang SH, Zhu X, Li BM, Li H. The effect of virulence genotypes of Helicobacter pylori on eradication therapy in children. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:249-254. [PMID: 29652033 PMCID: PMC6080151 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_579_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM It is important to eradicate Helicobacter pylori at an early stage in patients during childhood to potentially prevent the development of H. pylori-related diseases. Studies have demonstrated that the virulence genotype of H. pylori influences the efficacy of eradication therapy. The efficacy of triple therapy has decreased significantly, which has seriously affected the clinical outcome of children with H. pylori infection. In this study we aimed to investigate the influence of virulence genotypes of H. pylori on triple eradication therapy in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS H. pylori strains were isolated from the gastric antrum mucosa in children with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to determine the H. pylori cagA, vacA, and iceA genotypes. All patients with H. pylori infection were administered 14-day triple therapy. After drug withdrawal for at least 4 weeks, the 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) was used to observe the therapeutic effect of H. pylori eradication. The eradication rates were evaluated by intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. RESULTS A total of 107 patients were enrolled in this study. Nine patients were lost to follow-up, and 98 patients were administered eradication therapy. Based on ITT and PP analyses, the H. pylori eradication rate was 64.5% (69/107) and 70.4% (69/98), respectively. Among the successful eradication groups, the cagA-positive, vacA s1a, vacA s1c, vacA m1, vacA m2, iceA 1, and iceA 2 genes were identified in 72.8%, 68.1%, 76.9%, 60.0%, 74.6%, 71.8%, and 75.0% of strains, respectively. Of the unsuccessful eradication groups, the cagA-positive, vacA s1a, vacA s1c, vacA m1, vacA m2, iceA 1, and iceA 2 genes were identified in 27.2%, 31.9%, 23.1%, 40.0%, 25.4%, 28.2%, and 25.0% of strains, respectively. No statistically significant differences were noted in the detection rate of the H. pylori genotypes between the H. pylori successful and unsuccessful eradication groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The cagA, vacA, and iceA genotypes of H. pylori are not associated with the efficacy of omeprazole-based triple therapy on the eradication of H. pylori infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Xuan Zhu, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, - 330006, Jiangxi Province, China. E-mail:
| | - Bi-Min Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hong Li
- Central Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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10
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Hong KS, Ki MR, Ullah HMA, Lee EJ, Kim YD, Chung MJ, Elfadl AK, Park JK, Jeong KS. Preventive effect of anti-VacA egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) on Helicobacter pylori-infected mice. Vaccine 2017; 36:371-380. [PMID: 29223485 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative bacterium, is the causative agent of gastric disorders and gastric cancer in the human stomach. Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) is among the multi-effect protein toxins released by H. pylori that enables its persistence in the human stomach. METHODS To evaluate the effect of anti-VacA egg yolk immunoglobulin (anti-VacA IgY) on H. pylori infection, a highly specific anti-VacA IgY was produced from egg yolks of hens immunized with a mixture of two purified recombinant VacAs. Female C57BL/6 mice were supplemented anti-VacA IgY daily with drinking water for 2 weeks before and 4 weeks after H. pylori ATCC 43504 inoculation. Anti-VacA IgY recognized both native and denatured structures of VacA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting analyses, respectively. RESULTS Oral administration of anti-VacA IgYs significantly (p < .05) reduced the serum levels of anti-H. pylori antibodies compared to those in the H. pylori-infected, untreated group. The reduction in the immune response was accompanied by a significant (p < .05) decrease in eosinophilic infiltration of the stomach in anti-VacA IgY treated group compared to other groups. Concomitantly, H. pylori-induced histological changes and H. pylori antigen-positivity in gastric tissues were decreased significantly (p < .05) in anti-VacA IgY treated group similar to the control group. CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of anti-VacA IgY is correlated with a protective effect against H. pylori colonization and induced histological changes in gastric tissues. Our experimental study has proved that it is expected to be a new drug candidate of Hp infection by further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Sook Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Ki
- Industrial Technology, Korea University, 30019 Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - H M Arif Ullah
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deuk Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Chung
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed K Elfadl
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Chang CH, Wu JB, Yang JS, Lai YJ, Su CH, Lu CC, Hsu YM. The Suppressive Effects of Geniposide and Genipin on Helicobacter pylori
Infections In Vitro
and In Vivo. J Food Sci 2017; 82:3021-3028. [PMID: 29135040 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Hung Chang
- Dept. of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tainan Municipal Hospital; Tainan Taiwan
- Dept. of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Taichung Veterans General Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical Univ.; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Dept. of Medical Research, China Medical Univ. Hospital; China Medical Univ.; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Lai
- Dept. of Biological Science and Technology; China Medical Univ.; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Hsian Su
- Dept. of Biological Science and Technology; China Medical Univ.; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Dept. of Pharmacy; Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital; Hualien Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Dept. of Biological Science and Technology; China Medical Univ.; Taichung Taiwan
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12
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Dzutsev A, Badger JH, Perez-Chanona E, Roy S, Salcedo R, Smith CK, Trinchieri G. Microbes and Cancer. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 35:199-228. [PMID: 28142322 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Commensal microorganisms (the microbiota) live on all the surface barriers of our body and are particularly abundant and diverse in the distal gut. The microbiota and its larger host represent a metaorganism in which the cross talk between microbes and host cells is necessary for health, survival, and regulation of physiological functions locally, at the barrier level, and systemically. The ancestral molecular and cellular mechanisms stemming from the earliest interactions between prokaryotes and eukaryotes have evolved to mediate microbe-dependent host physiology and tissue homeostasis, including innate and adaptive resistance to infections and tissue repair. Mostly because of its effects on metabolism, cellular proliferation, inflammation, and immunity, the microbiota regulates cancer at the level of predisposing conditions, initiation, genetic instability, susceptibility to host immune response, progression, comorbidity, and response to therapy. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the interaction of the microbiota with cancer and the evidence suggesting that the microbiota could be targeted to improve therapy while attenuating adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiran Dzutsev
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Jonathan H Badger
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Ernesto Perez-Chanona
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Soumen Roy
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Rosalba Salcedo
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Carolyne K Smith
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
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13
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Szkaradkiewicz A, Karpiński TM, Linke K, Majewski P, Rożkiewicz D, Goślińska-Kuźniarek O. Expression of cagA, virB/D Complex and/or vacA Genes in Helicobacter pylori Strains Originating from Patients with Gastric Diseases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148936. [PMID: 26866365 PMCID: PMC4750868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to better understand pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori, particularly in the context of its carcinogenic activity, we analysed expression of virulence genes: cagA, virB/D complex (virB4, virB7, virB8, virB9, virB10, virB11, virD4) and vacA in strains of the pathogen originating from persons with gastric diseases. The studies were conducted on 42 strains of H. pylori isolated from patients with histological diagnosis of non-atrophic gastritis—NAG (group 1, including subgroup 1 containing cagA+ isolates and subgroup 2 containing cagA- strains), multifocal atrophic gastritis—MAG (group 2) and gastric adenocarcinoma—GC (group 3). Expression of H. pylori genes was studied using microarray technology. In group 1, in all strains of H. pylori cagA+ (subgroup 1) high expression of the gene as well as of virB/D was disclosed, accompanied by moderate expression of vacA. In strains of subgroup 2 a moderate expression of vacA was detected. All strains in groups 2 and 3 carried cagA gene but they differed in its expression: a high expression was detected in isolates of group 2 and its hyperexpression in strains of group 3 (hypervirulent strains). In both groups high expression of virB/D and vacA was disclosed. Our results indicate that chronic active gastritis may be induced by both cagA+ strains of H. pylori, manifesting high expression of virB/D complex but moderate activity of vacA, and cagA- strains with moderate expression of vacA gene. On the other hand, in progression of gastric pathology and carcinogenesis linked to H. pylori a significant role was played by hypervirulent strains, manifesting a very high expression of cagA and high activity of virB/D and vacA genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Szkaradkiewicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Wieniawskiego 3, Str., 61–712, Poznań, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Wieniawskiego 3, Str., 61–712, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Linke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Human Nutrition and Internal Diseases, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Przybyszewskiego 49, Str., 60–355, Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Majewski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Przybyszewskiego 49, Str., 60–355, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota Rożkiewicz
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, University Children’s Hospital, Waszyngtona 17, Str., 15–274, Białystok, Poland
| | - Olga Goślińska-Kuźniarek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Wieniawskiego 3, Str., 61–712, Poznań, Poland
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14
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Shakeri R, Malekzadeh R, Nasrollahzadeh D, Pawlita M, Pawilta M, Murphy G, Islami F, Sotoudeh M, Michel A, Etemadi A, Waterboer T, Poustchi H, Brennan P, Boffetta P, Dawsey SM, Kamangar F, Abnet CC. Multiplex H. pylori Serology and Risk of Gastric Cardia and Noncardia Adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4876-83. [PMID: 26383162 PMCID: PMC4792189 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The reported associations with gastric adenocarcinoma and seropositivity to different Helicobacter pylori antigens using multiplex serology have not been consistent across studies. We aimed to investigate the association between 15 different multiplex serology antigens and the risk of gastric cardia (GCA) and gastric noncardia (GNCA) adenocarcinomas in northeastern Iran, a population with high rates of gastric adenocarcinoma. We included 272 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma (142 GCA, 103 GNCA, and 27 unspecified) and 524 controls who were individually matched to cases for age, sex, and place of residence in a population-based case-control study. Seropositivity to H. pylori was assessed using both multiplex serology and H. pylori IgG ELISA. Ninety-five percent of controls were seropositive to H. pylori. Of the 15 antibodies in the multiplex assay, 11 showed no significant association with gastric adenocarcinomas. CagA and VacA were associated with a significantly increased risk of all gastric adenocarcinoma and GNCA in multivariate models. Surprisingly, GroEL and NapA were significantly associated with a reduced risk of these tumors. Only CagA antigen was associated with significantly elevated risk of GCA. We found no associations between H. pylori seropositivity overall either by whole-cell ELISA test or multiplex serology, likely due to the high prevalence of seropositivity. Individual antigen testing showed that CagA positivity was associated with increased risk of both noncardia and cardia adenocarcinoma, which is similar to some other Asian populations, whereas two antigens were associated with lower risk of gastric cancer. This latter result was unexpected and should be retested in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Shakeri
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Dariush Nasrollahzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Gwen Murphy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Farhad Islami
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. American Cancer Society, Atlanta
| | - Masoud Sotoudeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arash Etemadi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology and Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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15
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Wang F, Wu X, Liu Z, Bu G, Li X, Qu N, Peng J, Xu C, Shen S, Yuan Y. Association between Virulence Factors and TRAF1/4-1BB/Bcl-xL Expression in Gastric Mucosa Infected with Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:648479. [PMID: 25737718 PMCID: PMC4337042 DOI: 10.1155/2015/648479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. CagA+/vacAs1+/vacAm1+ Helicobacter pylori upregulates the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (4-1BB), and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) in human gastric epithelial cells. We investigated the correlation between cagA/vacAs1/vacAm1 and TRAF1/4-1BB/Bcl-xL expression in gastric mucosal tissue of patients with gastric disorders. Methods. We collected gastric mucosa samples from 35 chronic, nonatrophic gastritis (CG) patients, 41 atrophic gastritis patients, 44 intestinal metaplasia with atypical hyperplasia (IM) patients, and 28 gastric carcinoma (Ca) patients. The expression of TRAF1, 4-1BB, and Bcl-xL was determined using western blotting. The expression of cagA, vacAs1, and vacAm1 in H. pylori was examined with polymerase chain reaction. Results. The expression of TRAF1, 4-1BB, and Bcl-xL was significantly upregulated in IM and Ca patients (P < 0.05 compared with CG). There were more cases of cagA+/vacAs1+/vacAm1+ H. pylori infection in samples with elevated TRAF1, 4-1BB, or Bcl-xL expression (P < 0.05). Additionally, there were a remarkably large number of samples with upregulated TRAF1/4-1BB/Bcl-xL expression in cases of cagA+/vacAs1+/vacAm1+ H. pylori infection (44 cases, 67.7%; P < 0.05). Conclusions. The pathogenesis of IM and Ca may be promoted by cagA+/vacAs1+/vacAm1+ H. pylori, possibly via upregulated TRAF1, 4-1BB, and Bcl-xL in gastric mucosal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhiying Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Guangkui Bu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Nanfang Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Canxia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shourong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- *Yi Yuan:
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16
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α-Lipoic acid inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced oncogene expression and hyperproliferation by suppressing the activation of NADPH oxidase in gastric epithelial cells. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:380830. [PMID: 25210229 PMCID: PMC4152957 DOI: 10.1155/2014/380830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperproliferation and oncogene expression are observed in the mucosa of Helicobacter pylori- (H. pylori-) infected patients with gastritis or adenocarcinoma. Expression of oncogenes such as β-catenin and c-myc is related to oxidative stress. α-Lipoic acid (α-LA), a naturally occurring thiol compound, acts as an antioxidant and has an anticancer effect. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of α-LA on H. pylori-induced hyperproliferation and oncogene expression in gastric epithelial AGS cells by determining cell proliferation (viable cell numbers, thymidine incorporation), levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase activation (enzyme activity, subcellular levels of NADPH oxidase subunits), activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors (NF-κB, AP-1), expression of oncogenes (β-catenin, c-myc), and nuclear localization of β-catenin. Furthermore, we examined whether NADPH oxidase mediates oncogene expression and hyperproliferation in H. pylori-infected AGS cells using treatment of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. As a result, α-LA inhibited the activation of NADPH oxidase and, thus, reduced ROS production, resulting in inhibition on activation of NF-κB and AP-1, induction of oncogenes, nuclear translocation of β-catenin, and hyperproliferation in H. pylori-infected AGS cells. DPI inhibited H. pylori-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1, oncogene expression and hyperproliferation by reducing ROS levels in AGS cells. In conclusion, we propose that inhibiting NADPH oxidase by α-LA could prevent oncogene expression and hyperproliferation occurring in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells.
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