1
|
Vasishta S, Ammankallu S, Umakanth S, Keshava Prasad TS, Joshi MB. DNA methyltransferase isoforms regulate endothelial cell exosome proteome composition. Biochimie 2024; 223:98-115. [PMID: 38735570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Extrinsic and intrinsic pathological stimuli in vascular disorders induce DNA methylation based epigenetic reprogramming in endothelial cells, which leads to perturbed gene expression and subsequently results in endothelial dysfunction (ED). ED is also characterized by release of exosomes with altered proteome leading to paracrine interactions in vasculature and subsequently contributing to manifestation, progression and severity of vascular complications. However, epigenetic regulation of exosome proteome is not known. Hence, our present study aimed to understand influence of DNA methylation on exosome proteome composition and their influence on endothelial cell (EC) function. DNMT isoforms (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) were overexpressed using lentivirus in ECs. Exosomes were isolated and characterized from ECs overexpressing DNMT isoforms and C57BL/6 mice plasma treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. 3D spheroid assay was performed to understand the influence of exosomes derived from cells overexpressing DNMTs on EC functions. Further, the exosomes were subjected to TMT labelled proteomics analysis followed by validation. 3D spheroid assay showed increase in the pro-angiogenic activity in response to exosomes derived from DNMT overexpressing cells which was impeded by inclusion of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Our results showed that exosome proteome and PTMs were significantly modulated and were associated with dysregulation of vascular homeostasis, metabolism, inflammation and endothelial cell functions. In vitro and in vivo validation showed elevated DNMT1 and TGF-β1 exosome proteins due to DNMT1 and DNMT3A overexpression, but not DNMT3B which was mitigated by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine indicating epigenetic regulation. Further, exosomes induced ED as evidenced by reduced expression of phospho-eNOSser1177. Our study unveils epigenetically regulated exosome proteins, aiding management of vascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sampara Vasishta
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shruthi Ammankallu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575020, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tain YL, Hsu CN. Interplay between maternal nutrition and epigenetic programming on offspring hypertension. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 127:109604. [PMID: 38373508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent human and animal studies have delineated hypertension can develop in the earliest stage of life. A lack or excess of particular nutrients in the maternal diet may impact the expression of genes associated with BP, leading to an increased risk of hypertension in adulthood. Modulations in gene expression could be caused by epigenetic mechanisms through aberrant DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Several molecular mechanisms for the developmental programming of hypertension, including oxidative stress, dysregulated nutrient-sensing signal, aberrant renin-angiotensin system, and dysbiotic gut microbiota have been associated with epigenetic programming. Conversely, maternal nutritional interventions such as amino acids, melatonin, polyphenols, resveratrol or short chain fatty acids may work as epigenetic modifiers to trigger protective epigenetic modifications and prevent offspring hypertension. We present a current perspective of maternal malnutrition that can cause fetal programming and the potential of epigenetic mechanisms lead to offspring hypertension. We also discuss the opportunities of dietary nutrients or nutraceuticals as epigenetic modifiers to counteract those adverse programming actions for hypertension prevention. The extent to which aberrant epigenetic changes can be reprogrammed or reversed by maternal dietary interventions in order to prevent human hypertension remains to be established. Continued research is necessary to evaluate the interaction between maternal malnutrition and epigenetic programming, as well as a greater focus on nutritional interventions for hypertension prevention towards their use in clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silva-Ochoa AD, Velasteguí E, Falconí IB, García-Solorzano VI, Rendón-Riofrio A, Sanguña-Soliz GA, Vanden Berghe W, Orellana-Manzano A. Metabolic syndrome: Nutri-epigenetic cause or consequence? Heliyon 2023; 9:e21106. [PMID: 37954272 PMCID: PMC10637881 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that results from the interplay of genetic and environmental factors, which increase the comorbidity risk of obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. In this article, we review various high-impact studies which link epigenetics with metabolic syndrome by comparing each study population, methylation effects, and strengths and weaknesses of each research. We also discuss world statistical data on metabolic syndrome incidence in developing countries where the metabolic syndrome is common condition that has significant public health implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso D. Silva-Ochoa
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Licenciatura en Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Erick Velasteguí
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ciencias de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Isaac B. Falconí
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Valeria I. García-Solorzano
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Angie Rendón-Riofrio
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela A. Sanguña-Soliz
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Agua y Desarrollo Sustentable, CADS, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Epigenetic signaling PPES lab, Department Biomedical Sciences, University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrea Orellana-Manzano
- Laboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mengozzi A, Costantino S, Mongelli A, Mohammed SA, Gorica E, Delfine V, Masi S, Virdis A, Ruschitzka F, Paneni F. Epigenetic Signatures in Arterial Hypertension: Focus on the Microvasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054854. [PMID: 36902291 PMCID: PMC10003673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension (AH) is a multifaceted disease characterized by accelerated vascular aging and high cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive work in the field, the pathogenesis of AH is still incompletely understood, and its treatment remains challenging. Recent evidence has shown a deep involvement of epigenetic signals in the regulation of transcriptional programs underpinning maladaptive vascular remodeling, sympathetic activation and cardiometabolic alterations, all factors predisposing to AH. After occurring, these epigenetic changes have a long-lasting effect on gene dysregulation and do not seem to be reversible upon intensive treatment or the control of cardiovascular risk factors. Among the factors involved in arterial hypertension, microvascular dysfunction plays a central role. This review will focus on the emerging role of epigenetic changes in hypertensive-related microvascular disease, including the different cell types and tissues (endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and perivascular adipose tissue) as well as the involvement of mechanical/hemodynamic factors, namely, shear stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mengozzi
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Mongelli
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A. Mohammed
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Era Gorica
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Delfine
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: or francesco.paneni@uzh; Tel.: +41-44-6355096
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shan M, Li S, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Shi L. Maternal exercise upregulates the DNA methylation of Agtr1a to enhance vascular function in offspring of hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:654-666. [PMID: 36539461 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin II signaling system regulates vascular dysfunction and is involved in the programming of hypertension. Maternal exercise has been linked to both short-term and long-term benefits for the mother and fetus. However, the impacts of maternal exercise on the intravascular renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in hypertensive offspring remain unexamined. This study examined whether maternal exercise has an epigenetic effect in repressing angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) expression, which leads to favorable alterations in the mesenteric artery (MA) function of spontaneously hypertensive offspring. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) pregnant rats were randomly divided into an exercise group and a control group. Blood pressure, vascular tone, AT1R protein and mRNA expression, and AT1R gene (Agtr1a) promoter methylation status were examined in the MAs of 3-month-old male offspring. Maternal exercise significantly reduced the resting blood pressure and cardiovascular reactivity of offspring from SHRs. Furthermore, Ang II-AT1R activity in regulating vascular tone and AT1R expression was decreased in the MAs of the SHR offspring from the exercise groups. Importantly, exercise during gestation suppressed AT1R expression via hypermethylation of the Agtr1a promoter region and upregulated DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) expression in MAs of SHR offspring. These results suggest that maternal exercise upregulates DNMT expression, resulting in hypermethylation and repression of the Agtr1a gene, which may prevent MA dysfunction in the offspring of SHRs. A mechanistic model on the epigenetics of exercise during pregnancy. Maternal exercise during pregnancy triggers hypermethylation and transcriptional suppression of the Agtr1a gene via increased DNMT1 and DNMT3B expression in MAs of SHR offspring. Downregulation of AT1R expression reduces the contribution of Ang II to vascular tone, ultimately improving vascular structure and function. VSMC vascular smooth muscle cell; Ang II angiotensin II; AT1aR angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) alpha subtypes; Agtr1a AT1R alpha isoform gene; MAs mesenteric arteries; BP blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Shan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pratamawati TM, Alwi I. Summary of Known Genetic and Epigenetic Modification Contributed to Hypertension. Int J Hypertens 2023; 2023:5872362. [PMID: 37201134 PMCID: PMC10188269 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5872362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disease due to a complex interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Characterized by raised blood pressure (BP), it is responsible for more than 7 million deaths per annum by acting as a leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Reports suggest that genetic factors are estimated to be involved in approximately 30 to 50% of BP variation, and epigenetic marks are known to contribute to the initiation of the disease by influencing gene expression. Consequently, elucidating the genetic and epigenetic mediators associated with hypertension is essential for better discernment of its pathophysiology. By deciphering the unprecedented molecular hypertension basis, it could help to unravel an individual's inclination towards hypertension which eventually could result in an arrangement of potential strategies for prevention and therapy. In the present review, we discuss known genetic and epigenetic drivers that contributed to the hypertension development and summarize the novel variants that have currently been identified. The effect of these molecular alterations on endothelial function was also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiar Masykuroh Pratamawati
- Program Doctoral Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia
| | - Idrus Alwi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in Inflammaging-Associated Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:547-562. [PMID: 35796869 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the involvement of inflammaging in vascular damage with focus on the epigenetic mechanisms by which inflammaging-induced hypertension is triggered. RECENT FINDINGS Inflammaging in hypertension is a complex condition associated with the production of inflammatory mediators by the immune cells, enhancement of oxidative stress, and tissue remodeling in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Cellular processes are numerous, including inflammasome assembly and cell senescence which may involve mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, DNA damage response, dysbiosis, and many others. More recently, a series of noncoding RNAs, mainly microRNAs, have been described as possessing epigenetic actions on the regulation of inflammasome-related hypertension, emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy. Although there are a variety of pharmacological agents that effectively regulate inflammaging-related hypertension, a deeper understanding of the epigenetic events behind the control of vessel deterioration is needed for the treatment or even to prevent the disease onset.
Collapse
|
8
|
Meister TA, Soria R, Dogar A, Messerli FH, Paoloni-Giacobino A, Stenz L, Scherrer U, Sartori C, Rexhaj E. Increased Arterial Responsiveness to Angiotensin II in Mice Conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13357. [PMID: 36362144 PMCID: PMC9654033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first report in 1978, the number of individuals conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) has grown incessantly. In parallel, with the recent emergence of possible underlying mechanisms of ART-induced epigenetic changes in the renin-angiotensin system, the cardiovascular repercussions of ART in mice and human offspring (including arterial hypertension, vascular dysfunction, and cardiac remodeling) have become increasingly recognized. Here, we hypothesized that ART may increase arterial responsiveness to angiotensin II (ANG II) by epigenetically modifying the expression of its receptors. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the vasoconstrictor responsiveness to ANG II in isolated aortas from ART and control mice. We also examined ANG II receptor (ATR) type 1 and 2 expression and the promoter methylation of the At1aR, At1bR and At2R genes. We found that the vasoconstrictor response to ANG II was markedly increased in ART mice compared to controls. This exaggerated vasoconstrictor responsiveness in ART mice correlated with a significant increase in the ANG II receptor (ATR) type 1 to ATR type 2 protein expression ratio in the aorta; this was mainly driven by an increase in AT1R expression, and by hypomethylation of two CpG sites located in the At1bR gene promoter leading to increased transcription of the gene. We conclude that in mice, ART increase the vasoconstrictor response to ANG II in the aorta by epigenetically causing an imbalance between the expression of vasoconstrictor (AT1R) and vasodilator (AT2R) ANG II receptors. Unbalanced expression of AT1R and AT2R receptors seems to be a novel mechanism contributing to ART-induced arterial hypertension in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Arthur Meister
- Department of Cardiology and Biomedical Research, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Soria
- Department of Cardiology and Biomedical Research, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Afzal Dogar
- Department of Cardiology and Biomedical Research, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Tropic Biosciences Ltd., Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich NR4 7GJ, UK
| | - Franz H. Messerli
- Department of Cardiology and Biomedical Research, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ludwig Stenz
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Urs Scherrer
- Department of Cardiology and Biomedical Research, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Sartori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emrush Rexhaj
- Department of Cardiology and Biomedical Research, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hypertension and renal disease programming: focus on the early postnatal period. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1303-1339. [PMID: 36073779 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origin of hypertension and renal disease is a concept highly supported by strong evidence coming from both human and animal studies. During development there are periods in which the organs are more vulnerable to stressors. Such periods of susceptibility are also called 'sensitive windows of exposure'. It was shown that as earlier an adverse event occurs; the greater are the consequences for health impairment. However, evidence show that the postnatal period is also quite important for hypertension and renal disease programming, especially in rodents because they complete nephrogenesis postnatally, and it is also important during preterm human birth. Considering that the developing kidney is vulnerable to early-life stressors, renal programming is a key element in the developmental programming of hypertension and renal disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight the great number of studies, most of them performed in animal models, showing the broad range of stressors involved in hypertension and renal disease programming, with a particular focus on the stressors that occur during the early postnatal period. These stressors mainly include undernutrition or specific nutritional deficits, chronic behavioral stress, exposure to environmental chemicals, and pharmacological treatments that affect some important factors involved in renal physiology. We also discuss the common molecular mechanisms that are activated by the mentioned stressors and that promote the appearance of these adult diseases, with a brief description on some reprogramming strategies, which is a relatively new and promising field to treat or to prevent these diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Estrogen normalizes maternal HFD-induced vascular dysfunction in offspring by regulating ATR. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:1743-1753. [PMID: 35999282 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that female offspring are resistant to fetal high-fat diet (HFD)-induced programming of heightened vascular contraction; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that estrogen plays a key role in protecting females from fetal programming of increased vascular contraction induced by maternal HFD exposure. Pregnant rats were fed a normal diet (ND) or HFD (60% kcal from fat). Ovariectomy (OVX) and 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement were performed on 8-week-old female offspring. Aortas were isolated from adult female offspring. Maternal HFD exposure increased angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced contractions of the aorta in adult OVX offspring, which was abrogated by E2 replacement. The AT1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist losartan (10 μM), but not the AT2 receptor (AT2R) antagonist PD123319 (10 μM), completely blocked Ang II-induced contractions in both ND and HFD offspring. In addition, HFD exposure caused a decrease in endothelium-dependent relaxations induced by acetylcholine (ACh) in adult OVX but not OVX-E2 offspring. However, it had no effect on sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced endothelium-independent aorta relaxation in any of the six groups. Maternal HFD feeding increased AT1R, but not AT2R, leading to an increased AT1R/AT2R ratio in HFD-exposed OVX offspring, associated with selective decreases in DNA methylation at the AT1aR promoter, which was ameliorated by E2 replacement. Our results indicated that estrogen play a key role in sex differences of maternal HFD-induced vascular dysfunction and development of hypertensive phenotype in adulthood by differently regulating vascular AT1R and AT2R gene expression through a DNA methylation mechanism.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yue X, Yin J, Wang X, Heidecke H, Hackel AM, Dong X, Kasper B, Wen L, Zhang L, Schulze-Forster K, Junker J, Grasshoff H, Müller A, Wallukat G, Schimke I, Zeiner J, Deckstein LM, Mertens N, Kerstein-Staehle A, Hundt JE, Kostenis E, Yu X, Riemekasten G, Petersen F. Induced antibodies directed to the angiotensin receptor type 1 provoke skin and lung inflammation, dermal fibrosis and act species overarching. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:1281-1289. [PMID: 35595388 PMCID: PMC9380513 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-222088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine contributions and functions of autoantibodies (Abs) directed to the angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R), which are suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of AT1R Abs-related diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS C57BL/6J mice were immunised with membrane-embedded human AT1R or empty membrane as control. Mice deficient for CD4+ or CD8+ T cells and B cells were immunised with membrane-embedded AT1R or an AT1R peptide proposed to be a dominant T cell epitope. A monoclonal (m)AT1R Ab was generated by hybridoma technique and transferred into C57BL/6J and AT1Ra/b knockout mice. The induced phenotype was examined by histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, apoptosis assay and ELISA. In vitro, Abs responses towards AT1R were measured in cells of different origins and species. RESULTS AT1R-immunised mice developed perivascular skin and lung inflammation, lymphocytic alveolitis, weak lung endothelial apoptosis and skin fibrosis accompanied by Smad2/3 signalling, not present in controls or mice deficient for CD4+ T and B cells. The AT1R peptide 149-172 provoked lung inflammation. Application of the mAT1R Ab induced skin and lung inflammation, not observed in AT1Ra/b knockout mice. In vitro, AT1R Abs activated rat cardiomyocytes and human monocytes, enhanced angiotensin II-mediated AT1R activation in AT1R-transfected HEK293 cells via AT1R binding and mAT1R Ab-activated monocytes mediated the induction of profibrotic markers in dermal fibroblasts. CONCLUSION Our immunisation strategy successfully induced AT1R Abs, contributing to inflammation and, possibly, to fibrosis via activation of AT1R. Therefore, AT1R Abs are valuable targets for future therapies of SSc and other AT1R Ab-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Yue
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Junping Yin
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Maximilian Hackel
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein Lübeck Campus, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Xiaoru Dong
- Xiamen University Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Brigitte Kasper
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Lifang Wen
- Xiamen University Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | | | | | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein Lübeck Campus, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Antje Müller
- Rheumatology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein Lübeck Campus, Lubeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Julian Zeiner
- Section Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lisa Marie Deckstein
- Section Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Mertens
- Section Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anja Kerstein-Staehle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | | | - Evi Kostenis
- Section Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein Lübeck Campus, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Monayo SM, Liu X. The Prospective Application of Melatonin in Treating Epigenetic Dysfunctional Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:867500. [PMID: 35668933 PMCID: PMC9163742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.867500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, different human disorders were described by scientists from the perspective of either environmental factors or just by genetically related mechanisms. The rise in epigenetic studies and its modifications, i.e., heritable alterations in gene expression without changes in DNA sequences, have now been confirmed in diseases. Modifications namely, DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs have led to a better understanding of the coaction between epigenetic alterations and human pathologies. Melatonin is a widely-produced indoleamine regulator molecule that influences numerous biological functions within many cell types. Concerning its broad spectrum of actions, melatonin should be investigated much more for its contribution to the upstream and downstream mechanistic regulation of epigenetic modifications in diseases. It is, therefore, necessary to fill the existing gaps concerning corresponding processes associated with melatonin with the physiological abnormalities brought by epigenetic modifications. This review outlines the findings on melatonin’s action on epigenetic regulation in human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. It summarizes the ability of melatonin to act on molecules such as proteins and RNAs which affect the development and progression of diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chaudhary M. Novel methylation mark and essential hypertension. JOURNAL OF GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:11. [PMID: 35061109 PMCID: PMC8777530 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Essential hypertension (EH) is an important risk factor for various cardiovascular, cerebral and renal disorders. It is a multi-factorial trait which occurs through complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Even after advancement of technology and deciphering the involvement of multiple signalling pathways in blood pressure regulation, it still remains as a huge global concern. Main body of the abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed EH-associated genetic variants but these solely cannot explain the variability in blood pressure indicating the involvement of additional factors. The etiopathogenesis of hypertension has now advanced to the level of epigenomics where aberrant DNA methylation is the most defined epigenetic mechanism to be involved in gene regulation. Though role of DNA methylation in cancer and other mechanisms is deeply studied but this mechanism is in infancy in relation to hypertension. Generally, 5-methylcytosine (5mC) levels are being targeted at both individual gene and global level to find association with the disease. But recently, with advanced sequencing techniques another methylation mark, N6-methyladenine (6mA) was found and studied in humans which was earlier considered to be absent in case of eukaryotes. Relation of aberrant 6mA levels with cancer and stem cell fate has drawn attention to target 6mA levels with hypertension too. Conclusion Recent studies targeting hypertension has suggested 6mA levels as novel marker and its demethylase, ALKBH1 as probable therapeutic target to prevent hypertension through epigenetic programming. This review compiles different methylation studies and suggests targeting of both 5mC and 6mA levels to cover role of methylation in hypertension in broader scenario.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ali F, Fang HL, Shah FA, Muhammad SA, Khan A, Li S. Reprofiling analysis of FDA approved drugs with upregulated differential expression genes found in hypertension. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|
15
|
Chen Y, Li S, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Shi L. Aerobic training-mediated DNA hypermethylation of Agtr1a and Mas1 genes ameliorate mesenteric arterial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:8033-8044. [PMID: 34743271 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The imbalance of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator axes of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is observed in hypertension. Exercise regulates RAS level and improves vascular function. This study focused on the contribution of RAS axes in vascular function of mesenteric arteries and exercise-induced DNA methylation of the Agtr1a (AT1aR) and Mas1 (MasR) genes in hypertension. METHODS Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto rats were randomized into exercise or sedentary group. Levels of plasma RAS components, vascular tone, and DNA methylation markers were measured. RESULTS Blood pressure of SHR was markedly reduced after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise. RAS peptides in plasma were all increased with an imbalanced upregulation of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) in SHR, exercise revised the level of RAS and increased Ang-(1-7)/Ang II. The vasoconstriction response induced by Ang II was mainly via type 1 receptors (AT1R), while this contraction was inhibited by Mas receptor (MasR). mRNA and protein of AT1R and MasR were both upregulated in SHR, whereas exercise significantly suppressed this imbalanced increase and increased MasR/AT1R ratio. Exercise hypermethylated Agtr1a and Mas1 genes, associating with increased DNMT1 and DNMT3b and SAM/SAH. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise ameliorates vascular function via hypermethylation of the Agtr1a and Mas1 genes and restores the vasoconstrictor and vasodilator axes balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhaoxia Xu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huirong Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Koochakkhani S, Nabizadeh F, Nejatizadeh A, Eftekhar E. Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) genes promoter methylation pattern with the risk of essential hypertension. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
17
|
Epigenetic modifications of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiometabolic diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:127-142. [PMID: 33416084 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are among the most prevalent and the highest mortality diseases. Single disease etiology such as gene mutation, polymorphisms, or environmental exposure has failed to explain the origin of CMD. This can be evident in the discrepancies in disease susceptibility among individuals exposed to the same environmental insult or who acquire the same genetic variation. Epigenetics is the intertwining of genetic and environmental factors that results in diversity in the disease course, severity, and prognosis among individuals. Environmental exposures modify the epigenome and thus provide a link for translating environmental impact on changes in gene expression and precipitation to pathological conditions. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is comprising genes responsible for the regulation of cardiovascular, metabolic, and glycemic functions. Epigenetic modifications of RAS genes can lead to overactivity of the system, increased sympathetic activity and autonomic dysfunction ultimately contributing to the development of CMD. In this review, we describe the three common epigenetic modulations targeting RAS components and their impact on the susceptibility to cardiometabolic dysfunction. Additionally, we highlight the therapeutic efforts of targeting these epigenetic imprints to the RAS and its effects.
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu H, Li S, Liu YS. Roles and Mechanisms of DNA Methylation in Vascular Aging and Related Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:699374. [PMID: 34262910 PMCID: PMC8273304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.699374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is a pivotal risk factor promoting vascular dysfunction, the development and progression of vascular aging-related diseases. The structure and function of endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), fibroblasts, and macrophages are disrupted during the aging process, causing vascular cell senescence as well as vascular dysfunction. DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism, involves the alteration of gene transcription without changing the DNA sequence. It is a dynamically reversible process modulated by methyltransferases and demethyltransferases. Emerging evidence reveals that DNA methylation is implicated in the vascular aging process and plays a central role in regulating vascular aging-related diseases. In this review, we seek to clarify the mechanisms of DNA methylation in modulating ECs, VSMCs, fibroblasts, and macrophages functions and primarily focus on the connection between DNA methylation and vascular aging-related diseases. Therefore, we represent many vascular aging-related genes which are modulated by DNA methylation. Besides, we concentrate on the potential clinical application of DNA methylation to serve as a reliable diagnostic tool and DNA methylation-based therapeutic drugs for vascular aging-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-Related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-Related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Aging and Age-Related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hsu CN, Tain YL. Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System to Prevent Hypertension and Kidney Disease of Developmental Origins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052298. [PMID: 33669059 PMCID: PMC7956566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is implicated in hypertension and kidney disease. The developing kidney can be programmed by various early-life insults by so-called renal programming, resulting in hypertension and kidney disease in adulthood. This theory is known as developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Conversely, early RAAS-based interventions could reverse program processes to prevent a disease from occurring by so-called reprogramming. In the current review, we mainly summarize (1) the current knowledge on the RAAS implicated in renal programming; (2) current evidence supporting the connections between the aberrant RAAS and other mechanisms behind renal programming, such as oxidative stress, nitric oxide deficiency, epigenetic regulation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis; and (3) an overview of how RAAS-based reprogramming interventions may prevent hypertension and kidney disease of developmental origins. To accelerate the transition of RAAS-based interventions for prevention of hypertension and kidney disease, an extended comprehension of the RAAS implicated in renal programming is needed, as well as a greater focus on further clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu S, Shi Q, Li B, Han L, Xu G, Peng X, Chen H, Dai S, Ma W, Wang C, Ma J. High MTHFR promoter methylation levels in men confer protection against ischemic stroke. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2020; 20:477-486. [PMID: 32358951 PMCID: PMC7664794 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The MTHFR gene encodes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase required for the metabolism of homocysteine (Hcy) - a previously reported independent risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS). In this study, we first aimed to clarify the association between DNA methylation levels in the MTHFR promoter and the risk of IS, followed by the analysis of potential interactions between environmental factors and DNA methylation levels that affect IS risk. We recruited 164 patients with hypertension and IS (case group) and 345 age-matched and sex-matched patients with hypertension only (control group). Demographic and clinical information was obtained using questionnaires, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses. Fluorescence quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) was used to detect MTHFR promoter methylation levels. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between environmental factors, MTHFR promoter methylation levels, and IS risk. We finally generated a receiver operating characteristic curve to determine whether MTHFR promoter methylation levels can predict IS. The mean MTHFR methylation levels in the case group (8.10 ± 6.14) were significantly lower than those in the control group (17.44 ± 3.16; p < 0.05). MTHFR promoter methylation levels were also lower in patients with plasma Hcy levels ≥15 μmol/L (10.65 ± 4.05) than in those with Hcy levels <15 μmol/L (16.74 ± 4.26, p < 0.001). Finally, we found that MTHFR hypermethylation is a protective factor for IS, particular in men (OR in men: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.02-0.16; p < 0.001). Further, sex and MTHFR promoter methylation levels exhibited a preliminary interaction effect on IS risk. These results indicate that MTHFR promoter methylation status might have diagnostic value in IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianping Shi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Li
- Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liyuan Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Medical Record Statistics Room, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongen Chen
- Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuhong Dai
- Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wancheng Ma
- Luohu Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding authors: Changyi Wang and Jianping Ma, Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, 5 Huaming Road, Shenzhen, China. E-mail:
| | - Jianping Ma
- Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding authors: Changyi Wang and Jianping Ma, Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, 5 Huaming Road, Shenzhen, China. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pushpakumar S, Ren L, Juin SK, Majumder S, Kulkarni R, Sen U. Methylation-dependent antioxidant-redox imbalance regulates hypertensive kidney injury in aging. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101754. [PMID: 33080442 PMCID: PMC7575806 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension increases with age, and oxidative stress is a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of hypertension-induced kidney damage in aging. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) family is one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and several NADPH oxidase isoforms are highly expressed in the kidney. Although epigenetic protein modification plays a role in organ injury, the methylation of the oxidant-antioxidant defense system and their role in hypertension-induced kidney damage in aging remains underexplored. The present study investigated the role of NADPH oxidase 4, superoxide dismutases (SODs), catalase, and NOS in Ang-II induced kidney damage in aging. Wild type (WT, C57BL/6J) mice aged 12-14 and 75-78 weeks were used and treated with or without Ang-II (1000 ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks with control mice receiving saline. Aged mice with or without Ang-II exhibited higher mean BP, lower renal blood flow, and decreased renal vascular density compared to young mice. While superoxide, 4-HNE, p22phox, Nox4, iNOS were increased in the aged kidney, the expression of eNOS, MnSOD, CuSOD, catalase, Sirt1, and -3 as well as the ratio of GSH/GSSG, and activities of SODs and catalase were decreased compared to young control mice. The changes further deteriorated with Ang-II treatment. In Ang-II treated aged mice, the expressions of DNMTs were increased and associated with increased methylation of SODs, Sirt1, and Nox4. We conclude that hypermethylation of antioxidant enzymes in the aged kidney during hypertension worsens redox imbalance leading to kidney damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Subir Kumar Juin
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Suravi Majumder
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rohan Kulkarni
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
A new approach to identifying hypertension-associated genes in the mesenteric artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 2020; 37:1644-1656. [PMID: 30882592 PMCID: PMC6615961 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases in humans who live a modern lifestyle. Alongside more effective care, clarification of the genetic background of hypertension is urgently required. Gene expression in mesenteric resistance arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) and two types of renal hypertensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY), two kidneys and one clip renal hypertensive rat (2K1C) and one kidney and one clip renal hypertensive rat (1K1C), was compared using DNA microarrays. Methods: We used a simultaneous equation and comparative selection method to identify genes associated with hypertension using the Reactome analysis tool and GenBank database. Results: The expression of 298 genes was altered between SHR and WKY (44 upregulated and 254 downregulated), while the expression of 290 genes was altered between SHRSP and WKY (83 upregulated and 207 downregulated). For SHRSP versus SHR, the expression of 60 genes was altered (36 upregulated and 24 downregulated). Several genes expressed in SHR and SHRSP were also expressed in the renovascular hypertensive 2K1C and 1K1C rats, indicative of the existence of hyper-renin and/or hypervolemic pathophysiological changes in SHR and SHRSP. Conclusion: The overexpression of Kcnq1, Crlf1, Alb and Xirp1 and the inhibition of Galr2, Kcnh1, Ache, Chrm2 and Slc5a7 expression may indicate that a relationship exists between these genes and the cause and/or worsening of hypertension in SHR and SHRSP.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zubcevic J, Richards EM, Yang T, Kim S, Sumners C, Pepine CJ, Raizada MK. Impaired Autonomic Nervous System-Microbiome Circuit in Hypertension. Circ Res 2019; 125:104-116. [PMID: 31219753 PMCID: PMC6588177 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.313965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects an estimated 103 million Americans, yet gaps in knowledge continue to limit its successful management. Rapidly emerging evidence is linking gut dysbiosis to many disorders and diseases including hypertension. The evolution of the -omics techniques has allowed determination of the abundance and potential function of gut bacterial species by next-generation bacterial sequencing, whereas metabolomics techniques report shifts in bacterial metabolites in the systemic circulation of hypertensive patients and rodent models of hypertension. The gut microbiome and host have evolved to exist in balance and cooperation, and there is extensive crosstalk between the 2 to maintain this balance, including during regulation of blood pressure. However, an understanding of the mechanisms of dysfunctional host-microbiome interactions in hypertension is still lacking. Here, we synthesize some of our recent data with published reports and present concepts and a rationale for our emerging hypothesis of a dysfunctional gut-brain axis in hypertension. Hopefully, this new information will improve the understanding of hypertension and help to address some of these knowledge gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Elaine M. Richards
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Seungbum Kim
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Colin Sumners
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Prasher D, Greenway SC, Singh RB. The impact of epigenetics on cardiovascular disease. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 98:12-22. [PMID: 31112654 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2019-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represents a huge burden to society. It is recognized that environmental factors and individual lifestyles play important roles in disease susceptibility, but the link between these external risk factors and our genetics has been unclear. However, the discovery of sequence-independent heritable DNA changes (epigenetics) have helped us to explain the link between genes and the environment. Multiple diverse epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and the expression of non-coding RNA molecules affect the expression of genes that produce important changes in cellular differentiation and function, influencing the health and adaptability of the organism. CVDs such as congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, cardiac fibrosis, hypertension, and atherosclerosis are now being viewed as much more complex and dynamic disorders. The role of epigenetics in these and other CVDs is currently under intense scrutiny, and we can expect important insights to emerge, including novel biomarkers and new approaches to enable precision medicine. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of the role of epigenetics in CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Prasher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Steven C Greenway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Raja B Singh
- Alberta Epigenetics Network, 3512-33 Street, NW, Suite 200, Calgary, AB, Canada.,University of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, AB T2L 2A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Arif M, Sadayappan S, Becker RC, Martin LJ, Urbina EM. Epigenetic modification: a regulatory mechanism in essential hypertension. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:1099-1113. [PMID: 30867575 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) is a multifactorial disease of the cardiovascular system that is influenced by the interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The molecular dynamics underlying EH etiopathogenesis is unknown; however, earlier studies have revealed EH-associated genetic variants. Nevertheless, this finding alone is not sufficient to explain the variability in blood pressure, suggesting that other risk factors are involved, such as epigenetic modifications. Therefore, this review highlights the potential contribution of well-defined epigenetic mechanisms in EH, specifically, DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and microRNAs. We further emphasize global and gene-specific DNA methylation as one of the most well-studied hallmarks among all epigenetic modifications in EH. In addition, post-translational histone modifications, such as methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, are described as important epigenetic markers associated with EH. Finally, we discuss microRNAs that affect blood pressure by regulating master genes such as those implicated in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These epigenetic modifications, which appear to contribute to various cardiovascular diseases, including EH, may be a promising research area for the development of novel future strategies for EH prevention and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Arif
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.,Division of Preventive Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Richard C Becker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chaudhary M, Chaudhary S. Functional relevance of promoter CpG island of human Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 457:31-40. [PMID: 30790131 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor can activate number of signalling pathways upon stimulation and consequently its involvement in cancer progression have also been revealed. But which epigenetic mechanisms are involved in its regulation, need to be further explored. In-silico analysis revealed a promoter CpG island (CGI) which was cloned and assayed for functional activity using reporter gene system. The effect of methylation on this CGI was analysed through varying degree of methyltransferase treatment of cloned fragment. Results thus obtained were validated by direct sequencing. To further establish the status of this effect, in-vivo analysis was done through screening of methylation pattern in the targeted region among hypertensives (HTN) and normotensives (NTN) using PCR-Bisulphite sequencing. Additionally, clinical details of all participants, biochemical parameters and lifestyle related information was also collected and statistically evaluated. Reporter gene assay assigned functional activity to the cloned promoter CpG island. Increased dose and durations of methyltransferase treatment decreased the expression of reporter gene indicating the role of promoter DNA methylation. Among all the human samples screened, only one of the HTN individual was found to have single hemi-methylated CpG site at a position which happens to be a part of Sp1 transcription factor binding site. To conclude, CpG island in the promoter region of AT1R (CpG.P.AT1R) gets regulated through epigenetic mechanism of DNA methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Chaudhary
- Department cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research (NCHGSR), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Shashi Chaudhary
- Department cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research (NCHGSR), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Morales-Rubio RA, Alvarado-Cruz I, Manzano-León N, Andrade-Oliva MDLA, Uribe-Ramirez M, Quintanilla-Vega B, Osornio-Vargas Á, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A. In utero exposure to ultrafine particles promotes placental stress-induced programming of renin-angiotensin system-related elements in the offspring results in altered blood pressure in adult mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:7. [PMID: 30691489 PMCID: PMC6350404 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with an adverse intrauterine environment, which can promote adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Ultrafine particles (UFP) (small size and large surface area/mass ratio) are systemically distributed, induce inflammation and oxidative stress, and have been associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction and arterial vasoconstriction, increasing hypertension risk. Placental stress and alterations in methylation of promoter regions of renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-related elements could be involved in UFP exposure-related programming of hypertension. We investigated whether in utero UFP exposure promotes placental stress by inflammation and oxidative stress, alterations in hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 11b-type 2 (HSD11B2) and programming of RAS-related elements, and result in altered blood pressure in adult offspring. UFP were collected from ambient air using an aerosol concentrator and physicochemically characterized. Pregnant C57BL/6J pun/pun female mice were exposed to collected UFP (400 μg/kg accumulated dose) by intratracheal instillation and compared to control (nonexposed) and sterile H2O (vehicle) exposed mice. Embryo reabsorption and placental stress by measurement of the uterus, placental and fetal weights, dam serum and fetal cortisol, placental HSD11B2 DNA methylation and protein levels, were evaluated. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biotransformation (CYP1A1 and NQO1 (NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)1)) enzymes, inflammation and oxidative stress in placentas and fetuses were measured. Postnatal day (PND) 50 in male offspring blood pressure was measured. Methylation and protein expression of (RAS)-related elements, angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) in fetuses and lungs of PND 50 male offspring were also assessed. Results In utero UFP exposure induced placental stress as indicated by an increase in embryo reabsorption, decreases in the uterus, placental, and fetal weights, and HSD11B2 hypermethylation and protein downregulation. In utero UFP exposure induced increases in the PAH-biotransforming enzymes, intrauterine oxidative damage and inflammation and stimulated programming and activation of AT1R and ACE, which resulted in increased blood pressure in the PND 50 male offspring. Conclusions In utero UFP exposure promotes placental stress through inflammation and oxidative stress, and programs RAS-related elements that result in altered blood pressure in the offspring. Exposure to UFP during fetal development could influence susceptibility to CVD in adulthood. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-019-0289-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell A Morales-Rubio
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Isabel Alvarado-Cruz
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Natalia Manzano-León
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maria-de-Los-Angeles Andrade-Oliva
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marisela Uribe-Ramirez
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Betzabet Quintanilla-Vega
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Andrea De Vizcaya-Ruiz
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, México.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Takeda Y, Demura M, Wang F, Karashima S, Yoneda T, Kometani M, Hashimoto A, Aono D, Horike SI, Meguro-Horike M, Yamagishi M, Takeda Y. Epigenetic Regulation of Aldosterone Synthase Gene by Sodium and Angiotensin II. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008281. [PMID: 29739797 PMCID: PMC6015301 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is believed to be maintained in adult somatic cells. Recent findings, however, suggest that all methylation patterns are not stable. We demonstrate that stimulatory signals can change the DNA methylation status around transcription factor binding sites and a transcription start site and activate expression of the aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2). Methods and Results DNA methylation of CYP11B2 was analyzed in aldosterone‐producing adenomas, nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas, and adrenal glands and compared with the gene expression levels. CpG dinucleotides in the CYP11B2 promoter were found to be hypormethylated in tissues with high expression, but not in those with low expression, of CYP11B2. Methylation of the CYP11B2 promoter fused to a reporter gene decreased transcriptional activity. Methylation of recognition sequences of transcription factors, including CREB1, NGFIB (NR4A1), and NURR1 (NR4A2) diminished their DNA‐binding activity. A methylated‐CpG‐binding protein MECP2 interacted directly with the methylated CYP11B2 promoter. In rats, low salt intake led to upregulation of CYP11B2 expression and DNA hypomethylation in the adrenal gland. Treatment with angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist decreased CYP11B2 expression and led to DNA hypermethylation. Conclusions DNA demethylation may switch the phenotype of CYP11B2 expression from an inactive to an active state and regulate aldosterone biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimichi Takeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Demura
- Department of Hygiene, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Karashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoneda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kometani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hashimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Horike
- Division of Functional Genomics, Kanazawa University Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Makiko Meguro-Horike
- Division of Functional Genomics, Kanazawa University Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyu Takeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan .,Innovative Clinical Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stoll S, Wang C, Qiu H. DNA Methylation and Histone Modification in Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041174. [PMID: 29649151 PMCID: PMC5979462 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic hypertension, which eventually results in heart failure, renal failure or stroke, is a common chronic human disorder that particularly affects elders. Although many signaling pathways involved in the development of hypertension have been reported over the past decades, which has led to the implementation of a wide variety of anti-hypertensive therapies, one half of all hypertensive patients still do not have their blood pressure controlled. The frontier in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hypertension has now advanced to the level of epigenomics. Particularly, increasing evidence is emerging that DNA methylation and histone modifications play an important role in gene regulation and are involved in alteration of the phenotype and function of vascular cells in response to environmental stresses. This review seeks to highlight the recent advances in our knowledge of the epigenetic regulations and mechanisms of hypertension, focusing on the role of DNA methylation and histone modification in the vascular wall. A better understanding of the epigenomic regulation in the hypertensive vessel may lead to the identification of novel target molecules that, in turn, may lead to novel drug discoveries for the treatment of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaunrick Stoll
- Division of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Division of Pharmacology and Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chaves Neto AH, Brito VGB, Landim de Barros T, do Amaral CCF, Sumida DH, Oliveira SHP. Chronic high glucose and insulin stimulate bone‐marrow stromal cells adipogenic differentiation in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6853-6865. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio H. Chaves Neto
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Victor G. B. Brito
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Thamine Landim de Barros
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Caril C. F. do Amaral
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Dóris H. Sumida
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Sandra H. P. Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Basic Sciences, Programa de Pós‐graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas‐SBFIs, School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESPAraçatubaSão PauloBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chaudhary M, Chaudhary S. Unravelling the Lesser Known Facets of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 19:1. [PMID: 28083801 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension is an important risk factor in various pathologies. Despite enormous advancements in health sciences, the number of hypertensive individuals is increasing worldwide. The complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors seems to be a promising pathway to exploring the pathophysiology of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Various single gene and genome wide association studies have generated huge but non-reproducible data that highlights the role of some additional but as yet unidentified factor(s) in disease outcome. Dietary pattern and epigenetic mechanism (mainly DNA methylation) have shown a profound effect on blood pressure regulation. Angiotensin II and its receptors are known to play an important role in maintaining blood pressure; hence, a larger section of antihypertensive drugs targets the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), besides maintaining blood pressure, also has a role in cancer progression. Besides other pathways, RAS still remains the main player in blood pressure regulation. Additionally, AT1R has recently emerged as a molecule with diverse roles ranging from physiologic to cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Chaudhary
- Department cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research (NCHGSR), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Shashi Chaudhary
- Department cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research (NCHGSR), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schiattarella GG, Madonna R, Van Linthout S, Thum T, Schulz R, Ferdinandy P, Perrino C. Epigenetic modulation of vascular diseases: Assessing the evidence and exploring the opportunities. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 107:S1537-1891(17)30468-8. [PMID: 29548901 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascular adaptations to either physiological or pathophysiological conditions commonly require gene expression modifications in the most represented cellular elements of the vessel wall, i.e. endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In addition to transcription factors, a number of mechanisms contribute to the regulation of gene expression in these cells including noncoding RNAs, histone and DNA modifications, collectively indicated as epigenetic modifications. Here, we summarize the state of art regarding the role of epigenetic changes in major vascular diseases, and discuss the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of epigenetic modulation in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Center for Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine - CESI-MeT, Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chiety, Italy; Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany; Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Rudolf Virchow, Department of Cardiology, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen HL, Li ZM, Liu JF, Han B, Wu ZX, Mao YQ, Sun KY, Wang LS. Polymorphism of the DNA methyltransferase 1 gene is associated with the susceptibility to essential hypertension in male. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 40:695-701. [PMID: 29400588 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1425420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension is a leading global public health issue, billions of people suffered from it every year. Recently, multiple evidence suggests that DNA methylation play an important role in regulating blood pressure. Here, we tested the risk for essential hypertension conferred by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Three loci (rs2228611, rs2228612, and rs16999593) were selected to be analyzed in 3410 cases and 1307 normal controls in southern Chinese aged 60 or above. No significant association with essential hypertension was observed for rs2228612 and rs16999593. A higher risk of essential hypertension was found in the minor A allele of rs2228611 in the codominant and recessive model (P < 0.05). After stratified by sex, this association was found in male but not female. Furthermore, this difference was abolished after BMI adjustment in the whole population and reduced in male. In addition, the mutation rate of rs2228611 was higher in the obesity group compared with the normal weight group of male. Intriguingly, rs2228611 was also a risk factor of essential hypertension in normal weight male. These findings indicated that rs2228611 might contribute to male hypertension via BMI-dependent mechanisms in obesity male and BMI-independent mechanisms in normal weight male.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Chen
- a Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R.China
| | - Zhan-Ming Li
- a Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R.China
| | - Jin-Feng Liu
- a Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R.China
| | - Bing Han
- a Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R.China
| | - Zhao-Xia Wu
- a Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R.China
| | - Yu-Qin Mao
- a Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R.China
| | - Ke-Yu Sun
- b Emergency Department, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Li-Shun Wang
- a Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R.China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is among the major components of the metabolic syndrome, i.e., obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia/insulin resistance. It represents a significant health problem with foremost risks for chronic cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, it is not surprising that this disorder constitutes a serious public health concern. Although multiple studies have stressed the multifactorial nature of HT, the pathogenesis remains largely unknown. However, if we want to reduce the global prevalence of HT, restrain the number of deaths (currently 9.4 million/year in the world), and alleviate the socio-economic burden, a deeper insight into the mechanisms is urgently needed in order to define new meaningful therapeutic targets. Recently, the role of epigenetics in the development of various complex diseases has attracted much attention. In the present review, we provide a critical update on the available literature and ongoing research regarding the epigenetic modifications of genes involved in several pathways of elevated blood pressure, especially those linked to the vascular epithelium. This review also focuses on the role of microRNA (miRNA) in the regulation of gene expression associated with HT and of fetal programming mediating susceptibility to HT in adulthood.
Collapse
|
35
|
Burrello J, Monticone S, Buffolo F, Tetti M, Veglio F, Williams TA, Mulatero P. Is There a Role for Genomics in the Management of Hypertension? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061131. [PMID: 28587112 PMCID: PMC5485955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) affects about 1 billion people worldwide and the lack of a single identifiable cause complicates its treatment. Blood pressure (BP) levels are influenced by environmental factors, but there is a strong genetic component. Linkage analysis has identified several genes involved in Mendelian forms of HTN and the associated pathophysiological mechanisms have been unravelled, leading to targeted therapies. The majority of these syndromes are due to gain-of-function or loss-of-functions mutations, resulting in an alteration of mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid, or sympathetic pathways. The diagnosis of monogenic forms of HTN has limited practical implications on the population and a systematic genetic screening is not justifiable. Genome-wide linkage and association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which influence BP. Forty-three variants have been described with each SNP affecting systolic and diastolic BP by 1.0 and 0.5 mmHg, respectively. Taken together Mendelian inheritance and all GWAS-identified HTN-associated variants explain 2–3% of BP variance. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNAs, have become increasingly recognized as important players in BP regulation and may justify a further part of missing heritability. In this review, we will discuss how genetics and genomics may assist clinicians in managing patients with HTN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Burrello
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvia Monticone
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Buffolo
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Martina Tetti
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Franco Veglio
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Tracy A Williams
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fan R, Mao SQ, Gu TL, Zhong FD, Gong ML, Hao LM, Yin FY, Dong CZ, Zhang LN. Preliminary analysis of the association between methylation of the ACE2 promoter and essential hypertension. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3905-3911. [PMID: 28440441 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether methylation of the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) promoter increases the risk of essential hypertension (EH). A total of 96 patients with EH were recruited and 96 sex‑ and age‑matched healthy controls. Methylation of 5 CpG dinucleotides in the ACE2 promoter was quantified using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used to adjust for confounding factors and the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method was applied to investigate high‑order interactions. Methylation of CpG4 (adjusted P=0.020) and CpG5 (adjusted P=0.036) was significantly higher in patients with EH, with frequency 97.56±5.65% and 12.75±4.15% in EH individuals and 95.73±9.11% and 11.47±3.67% in healthy controls. GMDR detected significant interaction among the 5 CpG sites (odds ratio=7.33, adjusted P=0.01). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curves identified that CpG5 methylation was a significant predictor of EH. Notably, CpG2 methylation was significantly higher in males than in females (adjusted P=0.018). Conversely, CpG5 methylation was significantly lower in males (adjusted P=0.032). These results indicated that aberrant methylation of the ACE2 promoter may be associated with EH risk. In addition, sex may significantly influence ACE2 methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Qi Mao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lun Gu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Fa-De Zhong
- The Central Blood Station of Ningbo, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315099, P.R. China
| | - Min-Li Gong
- Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315202, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Mei Hao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315202, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Ying Yin
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Zheng Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Li-Na Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang TJ, Lian GL, Lin X, Zhong HB, Xu CS, Wang HJ, Xie LD. Hypomethylation of Agtrap is associated with long-term inhibition of left ventricular hypertrophy in prehypertensive losartan-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:839-846. [PMID: 28000857 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prehypertensive losartan treatment may lead to long‑term inhibition of the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). However, the underlying mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of angiotensin type 1 receptor-associated protein (ATRAP/Agtrap) and methylation of the Agtrap gene in the myocardium following the withdrawal of treatment. Four‑week‑old SHRs were randomly divided into three groups, and were treated with saline, amlodipine or losartan, respectively, for 6 weeks. Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs) were used as a control. All rats were followed up regularly until they reached the age of 32 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), left ventricular mass/body weight (LVM/BW), and cardiac fibrosis and structure were measured. The mRNA and protein expression of ATRAP in the myocardium were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Methylation of the Agtrap promoter was detected by bisulfite pyrosequencing. Reduced levels of SBP, LVM/BW, cardiac fibrosis and interventricular septum thickness were determined to be maintained only in prehypertensive losartan‑treated SHRs. Whereas, an increased expression of ATRAP mRNA and protein, and hypomethylation of the Agtrap promoter in the myocardium, were demonstrated only in the losartan‑treated SHRs. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that the hypomethylation of Agtrap accompanying upregulation of ATRAP expression in the myocardium is associated with the long‑term inhibition of LVH in SHRs with prehypertensive losartan treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jun Wang
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Li Lian
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Xu Lin
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhong
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Sheng Xu
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Jun Wang
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Di Xie
- Fujian Hypertension Research Institute, The First Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liao J, Zhang Y, Ye F, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zeng F, Shi L. Epigenetic regulation of L-type voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels in mesenteric arteries of aging hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2016; 40:441-449. [PMID: 27881847 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that epigenetic regulation is involved in hypertension and aging. L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (LTCCs), the dominant channels in vascular myocytes, greatly contribute to arteriole contraction and blood pressure (BP) control. We investigated the dynamic changes and epigenetic regulation of LTCC in the mesenteric arteries of aging hypertensive rats. LTCC function was evaluated by using microvascular rings and whole-cell patch-clamp in the mesenteric arteries of male Wistar-Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats at established hypertension (3 month old) and an aging stage (16 month old), respectively. The expression of the LTCC α1C subunit was determined in the rat mesenteric microcirculation. The expression of miR-328, which targets α1C mRNA, and the DNA methylation status at the promoter region of the α1C gene (CACNA1C) were also determined. In vitro experiments were performed to assess α1C expression after transfection of the miR-328 mimic into cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The results showed that hypertension superimposed with aging aggravated BP and vascular remodeling. Both LTCC function and expression were significantly increased in hypertensive arteries and downregulated with aging. miR-328 expression was inhibited in hypertension, but increased with aging. There was no significant difference in the mean DNA methylation of CACNA1C among groups, whereas methylation was enhanced in the hypertensive group at specific sites on a CpG island located upstream of the gene promoter. Overexpression of miR-328 inhibited the α1C level of cultured VSMCs within 48 h. The results of the present study indicate that the dysfunction of LTCCs may exert an epigenetic influence at both pre- and post-transcriptional levels during hypertension pathogenesis and aging progression. miR-328 negatively regulated LTCC expression in both aging and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liao
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.,Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Physical Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanxing Zeng
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Shi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Arroja MMC, Reid E, McCabe C. Therapeutic potential of the renin angiotensin system in ischaemic stroke. EXPERIMENTAL & TRANSLATIONAL STROKE MEDICINE 2016; 8:8. [PMID: 27761230 PMCID: PMC5054604 DOI: 10.1186/s13231-016-0022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) consists of the systemic hormone system, critically involved in regulation and homeostasis of normal physiological functions [i.e. blood pressure (BP), blood volume regulation], and an independent brain RAS, which is involved in the regulation of many functions such as memory, central control of BP and metabolic functions. In general terms, the RAS consists of two opposing axes; the ‘classical axis’ mediated primarily by Angiotensin II (Ang II), and the ‘alternative axis’ mediated mainly by Angiotensin-(1–7) (Ang-(1–7)). An imbalance of these two opposing axes is thought to exist between genders and is thought to contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, a stroke co-morbidity. Ischaemic stroke pathophysiology has been shown to be influenced by components of the RAS with specific RAS receptor antagonists and agonists improving outcome in experimental models of stroke. Manipulation of the two opposing axes following acute ischaemic stroke may provide an opportunity for protection of the neurovascular unit, particularly in the presence of pre-existing co-morbidities where the balance may be shifted. In the present review we will give an overview of the experimental stroke studies that have investigated pharmacological interventions of the RAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Moreira Coutinho Arroja
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
| | - Emma Reid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
| | - Christopher McCabe
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang J, Villar VAM, Armando I, Jose PA, Zeng C. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases: Crucial Regulators of Blood Pressure. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003519. [PMID: 27390269 PMCID: PMC5015388 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Ines Armando
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Han L, Liu Y, Duan S, Perry B, Li W, He Y. DNA methylation and hypertension: emerging evidence and challenges. Brief Funct Genomics 2016; 15:460-469. [PMID: 27142121 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disease influenced by an interaction of environmental and genetic factors. The exact molecular mechanism of hypertension remains unknown. Aberrant DNA methylation is the most well-defined epigenetic modification that regulates gene transcription. However, studies on the association between DNA methylation and hypertension are still in their infancy. This review summarizes the latest evidence and challenges regarding the role of DNA methylation on hypertension.
Collapse
|
42
|
Epigenetic Modifications in Essential Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:451. [PMID: 27023534 PMCID: PMC4848907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) is a complex, polygenic condition with no single causative agent. Despite advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of EH, hypertension remains one of the world’s leading public health problems. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that epigenetic modifications are as important as genetic predisposition in the development of EH. Indeed, a complex and interactive genetic and environmental system exists to determine an individual’s risk of EH. Epigenetics refers to all heritable changes to the regulation of gene expression as well as chromatin remodelling, without involvement of nucleotide sequence changes. Epigenetic modification is recognized as an essential process in biology, but is now being investigated for its role in the development of specific pathologic conditions, including EH. Epigenetic research will provide insights into the pathogenesis of blood pressure regulation that cannot be explained by classic Mendelian inheritance. This review concentrates on epigenetic modifications to DNA structure, including the influence of non-coding RNAs on hypertension development.
Collapse
|
43
|
Fan R, Mao S, Zhong F, Gong M, Yin F, Hao L, Zhang L. Association of AGTR1 Promoter Methylation Levels with Essential Hypertension Risk: A Matched Case-Control Study. Cytogenet Genome Res 2015; 147:95-102. [DOI: 10.1159/000442366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether methylation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) promoter contributed to the risk of essential hypertension (EH). A total of 96 EH cases and 96 gender- and age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Methylation of 8 CpG dinucleotides (CpG1-8) in the AGTR1 promoter was examined using the bisulphite pyrosequencing technology. Three CpG dinucleotides (CpG6-8) could not be well sequenced, therefore only the remaining 5 CpG sites were analysed. A significantly lower CpG1 methylation level was identified in EH cases than in controls (cases vs. controls: 6.74 ± 4.32% vs. 9.66 ± 5.45%, p = 0.007), and no significant association was observed in the remaining analyses. In addition, significantly lower CpG1 (p = 0.028) and higher CpG2 (p = 0.032) methylation levels were observed in males than in females. In the breakdown association test by gender, a higher CpG1 methylation level was also identified in EH in both males (p = 0.034) and females (p = 0.020). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that CpG1 methylation was a significant predictor of EH. Furthermore, CpG1 methylation was inversely correlated with uric acid levels in controls. The present study suggests that CpG1 hypomethylation in the AGTR1 promoter is likely associated with the risk of EH in the population assessed.
Collapse
|