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Catral KPC, Tse CY, Yang WY, Ling CY, Kwok OL, Choy KY, Lu DQ, Bian JF, Lam TC, Tse DYY, Shan SSW. Thrombospondin 1 Mediates Autophagy Upon Inhibition of the Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitor. Cells 2024; 13:1907. [PMID: 39594655 PMCID: PMC11593289 DOI: 10.3390/cells13221907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2024] [Revised: 10/26/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative eye disease leading to central vision loss and is characterized by dysregulated autophagy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer. Recent studies have suggested that rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors may enhance autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases and promote the survival of RPE cells. This study investigated the effect of ROCK inhibitors on autophagy gene expression and autophagic vacuole formation in a human RPE (ARPE-19) cell line. The highly selective and potent ROCK inhibitor Y-39983 enhanced the expression of autophagy genes in ARPE-19 cells and increased autophagic vacuole formation. A proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry was performed to further characterize the effects of ROCK inhibition at the protein level. Y-39983 downregulated thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), and suppression of THBS1 in ARPE-19 cells resulted in an increase in autophagic vacuole formation. Our data showed that ROCK inhibitor-induced autophagy was mediated by THBS1 downregulation. We identified ROCK and THBS1 as potential novel therapeutic targets in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Patrick Carreon Catral
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.P.C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (O.-L.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (D.-Q.L.); (J.-F.B.); (T.C.L.)
| | - Choi-Yee Tse
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.P.C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (O.-L.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (D.-Q.L.); (J.-F.B.); (T.C.L.)
| | - Wei-Ying Yang
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.P.C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (O.-L.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (D.-Q.L.); (J.-F.B.); (T.C.L.)
| | - Choi-Ying Ling
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.P.C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (O.-L.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (D.-Q.L.); (J.-F.B.); (T.C.L.)
| | - Oi-Lam Kwok
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.P.C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (O.-L.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (D.-Q.L.); (J.-F.B.); (T.C.L.)
| | - Kit-Ying Choy
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.P.C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (O.-L.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (D.-Q.L.); (J.-F.B.); (T.C.L.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Da-Qian Lu
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.P.C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (O.-L.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (D.-Q.L.); (J.-F.B.); (T.C.L.)
| | - Jing-Fang Bian
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.P.C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (O.-L.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (D.-Q.L.); (J.-F.B.); (T.C.L.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Chuen Lam
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.P.C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (O.-L.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (D.-Q.L.); (J.-F.B.); (T.C.L.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine (RCMI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis Yan-Yin Tse
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.P.C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (O.-L.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (D.-Q.L.); (J.-F.B.); (T.C.L.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samantha Sze-Wan Shan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.P.C.C.); (C.-Y.T.); (W.-Y.Y.); (C.-Y.L.); (O.-L.K.); (K.-Y.C.); (D.-Q.L.); (J.-F.B.); (T.C.L.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine (RCMI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Thomasy SM, Leonard BC, Greiner MA, Skeie JM, Raghunathan VK. Squishy matters - Corneal mechanobiology in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 99:101234. [PMID: 38176611 PMCID: PMC11193890 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The cornea, as a dynamic and responsive tissue, constantly interacts with mechanical forces in order to maintain its structural integrity, barrier function, transparency and refractive power. Cells within the cornea sense and respond to various mechanical forces that fundamentally regulate their morphology and fate in development, homeostasis and pathophysiology. Corneal cells also dynamically regulate their extracellular matrix (ECM) with ensuing cell-ECM crosstalk as the matrix serves as a dynamic signaling reservoir providing biophysical and biochemical cues to corneal cells. Here we provide an overview of mechanotransduction signaling pathways then delve into the recent advances in corneal mechanobiology, focusing on the interplay between mechanical forces and responses of the corneal epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells. We also identify species-specific differences in corneal biomechanics and mechanotransduction to facilitate identification of optimal animal models to study corneal wound healing, disease, and novel therapeutic interventions. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps and therapeutic opportunities in corneal mechanobiology that are pressing for the research community to address especially pertinent within the domains of limbal stem cell deficiency, keratoconus and Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy. By furthering our understanding corneal mechanobiology, we can contextualize discoveries regarding corneal diseases as well as innovative treatments for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Brian C Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mark A Greiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, IA, United States
| | - Jessica M Skeie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, IA, United States
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Dias-Teixeira KL, Sharifian Gh M, Romano J, Norouzi F, Laurie GW. Autophagy in the normal and diseased cornea. Exp Eye Res 2022; 225:109274. [PMID: 36252655 PMCID: PMC10083687 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cornea and covering tear film are together the 'objective lens' of the eye through which 80% of light is refracted. Despite exposure to a physically harsh and at times infectious or toxic environment, transparency essential for sight is in most cases maintained. Such resiliency makes the avascular cornea a superb model for the exploration of autophagy in the regulation of homeostasis with relevancy to all organs. Nonetheless, missense mutations and inflammation respectively clog or apparently overwhelm autophagic flux to create dystrophies much like in neurodegenerative diseases or further exacerbate inflammation. Here there is opportunity to generate novel topical therapies towards the restoration of homeostasis with potential broad application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeff Romano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Norouzi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gordon W Laurie
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Paredes-Barquero M, Niso-Santano M, Fuentes JM, Martínez-Chacón G. In vitro and in vivo models to study the biological and pharmacological properties of queen bee acid (QBA, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid): A systematic review. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kempuraj D, Mohan RR. Autophagy in Extracellular Matrix and Wound Healing Modulation in the Cornea. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020339. [PMID: 35203548 PMCID: PMC8961790 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a robust cellular mechanism for disposing of harmful molecules or recycling them to cells, which also regulates physiopathological processes in cornea. Dysregulated autophagy causes inefficient clearance of unwanted proteins and cellular debris, mitochondrial disorganization, defective inflammation, organ dysfunctions, cell death, and diseases. The cornea accounts for two-thirds of the refraction of light that occurs in the eyes, but is prone to trauma/injury and infection. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a noncellular dynamic macromolecular network in corneal tissues comprised of collagens, proteoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, hyaluronan, and glycoproteins. The ECM undergoes remodeling by matrix-degrading enzymes and maintains corneal transparency. Autophagy plays an important role in the ECM and wound healing maintenance. Delayed/dysregulated autophagy impacts the ECM and wound healing, and can lead to corneal dysfunction. Stromal wound healing involves responses from the corneal epithelium, basement membrane, keratocytes, the ECM, and many cytokines and chemokines, including transforming growth factor beta-1 and platelet-derived growth factor. Mild corneal injuries self-repair, but greater injuries lead to corneal haze/scars/fibrosis and vision loss due to disruptions in the ECM, autophagy, and normal wound healing processes. Presently, the precise role of autophagy and ECM remodeling in corneal wound healing is elusive. This review discusses recent trends in autophagy and ECM modulation in the context of corneal wound healing and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Departments of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Correspondence:
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