Expression patterns and bioinformatic analysis of miR-1260a and miR-1274a in Prostate Cancer Tunisian patients

MicroRNA expression associated with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia outcomes

PURPOSE

Only a fraction of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) progresses to high-grade CIN; however, the biological processes that differentiate progressive CIN from CIN that resolves naturally are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important epigenetic regulators of gene expression and thus, miRNA expression profiling can reveal the dysregulated biology underlying disease processes. The purpose of this case-control study was to reveal miRNA expression patterns and predict the underlying biological pathways that are associated with clinical outcomes of low-grade CIN.

METHODS

Women with low-grade CIN diagnosis and definitive clinical outcomes (n = 51) were identified retrospectively using electronic clinical records. Comprehensive miRNA expression profiling was performed on the low-grade CIN diagnostic cervical biopsies retrieved from pathology archives. Differential miRNA expression was analyzed by comparing women with CIN that progressed to women with CIN that resolved naturally.

RESULTS

Differential expression of 29 miRNAs was observed in low-grade CIN that progressed to high-grade compared to low-grade CIN that resolved. Of these, 24 were significantly downregulated in progressive CIN, including miR-638, miR-3196, miR-4488, and miR-4508, while 5 miRNAs, including miR-1206a, were significantly upregulated. Computational gene ontology analysis based on the discovered miRNAs and their putative mRNA targets revealed biological processes associated with oncogenic phenotypes.

CONCLUSION

Distinct miRNA expression profiles are associated with clinical outcomes of low-grade CIN. The functional effects of the differentially expressed miRNAs may be biological determinants of CIN progression or resolution.

Plasma MicroRNAs Related to Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican Women

INTRODUCTION

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of abnormalities related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs associated with different phenotypes, some of them integrating the MetS. The aim of the study was to compare the c-miRNAs profile in plasma between women with MetS and controls and explore their possible association with dysregulation of metabolic pathways.

METHODS

The study was conducted in two phases. At the screening phase, miRNA composition in fasting plasma was compared between 8 participants with MetS and 10 healthy controls, using microarray technology. The validation phase included the analysis by qRT-PCR of 10 selected c-miRNAs in an independent sample (n = 29).

RESULTS

We found 21 c-miRNAs differentially expressed between cases and controls. The concentration in plasma of the c-miRNAs hsa-miR-1260a, hsa-miR-4514, and hsa-miR-4687-5p were also correlated with risk factors for CVD. Differences of hsa-miR-1260a between cases and controls were validated using qRT-PCR (fold-change = 7.0; p = 0.003).

CONCLUSION

The signature of plasma c-miRNAs differed between women with MetS and controls. The identified miRNAs regulate pathways related to the MetS such as insulin resistance and adipokine activity. The role of c-miR-1260a in the MetS remains to be elucidated.

A tissue miRNA expression pattern is associated with disease aggressiveness of localized prostate cancer

BACKGROUND

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous malignancy with high variability in clinical course. Insufficient stratification according to the aggressiveness at the time of diagnosis causes unnecessary or delayed treatment. Current stratification systems are not effective enough because they are based on clinical, surgical or biochemical parameters, but do not take into account molecular factors driving PCa cancerogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important players in molecular pathogenesis of PCa and could serve as valuable biomarkers for the assessment of disease aggressiveness and its prognosis.

METHODS

In the study, in total, 280 PCa patients were enrolled. The miRNA expression profiles were analyzed in FFPE PCa tissue using the miRCURY LNA miRNA PCR System. The expression levels of candidate miRNAs were further verified by two-level validation using the RT-qPCR method and evaluated in relation to PCa stratification reflecting the disease aggressiveness.

RESULTS

MiRNA profiling revealed 172 miRNAs dysregulated between aggressive (ISUP 3-5) and indolent PCa (ISUP 1) (p < 0.05). In the training and validation cohort, miR-15b-5p and miR-106b-5p were confirmed to be significantly upregulated in tissue of aggressive PCa when their level was associated with disease aggressiveness. Furthermore, we established a prognostic score combining the level of miR-15b-5p and miR-106b-5p with serum PSA level, which discriminated indolent PCa from an aggressive form with even higher analytical parameters (AUC being 0.9338 in the training set and 0.8014 in the validation set, respectively). The score was also associated with 5-year biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) of PCa patients.

CONCLUSIONS

We identified a miRNA expression pattern associated with disease aggressiveness in prostate cancer patients. These miRNAs may be of biological interest as the focus can be also set on their specific role within the molecular pathology and the molecular mechanism that underlies the aggressivity of prostate cancer.

Plasma exosomal miR-1260a, miR-7977 and miR-192-5p as diagnostic biomarkers in epithelial ovarian cancer

Aim: The study aimed to clarify the diagnostic value of exosomal miRNAs in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods: Plasma exosomes were isolated from peripheral blood of EOC patients and healthy donors by ultracentrifugation and verified by transmission electron microscopy, qNano and western blot. The expression of exosomal miRNAs was detected by quantitative PCR, and the diagnostic efficiency of exosomal miRNAs was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results: Exosomal miR-1260a, miR-7977 and miR-192-5p were significantly decreased in EOC as compared with healthy controls. The area under the curve of the combination of three exosomal miRNAs was 0.8337. Moreover, the level of exosomal miR-7977 was related to the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, which decreased in EOC patients with a high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. Conclusion: Exosomal miR-1260a, miR-7977 and miR-192-5p act as potentially EOC diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

Clinical Significance and Biological Function of miR-1274a in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) as a class of important regulatory molecules, miRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of tumors. In this paper, we aimed to identify the role of miR-1274a in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The miR-1274a expression levels in four NSCLC cells and tissues from 125 patients were determined by qRT-PCR assays. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis were used to examine the prognostic significance of miR-1274a in NSCLC patients. The CCK-8 and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the cell proliferation, invasion, and migration ability of NSCLC cells. The miR-1274a expression levels were significantly higher in NSCLC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, and overexpression of miR-1274a had a poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Functional studies in two NSCLC cell lines have shown that overexpression of miR-1274a could promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. miR-1274a expression levels are upregulated in NSCLC tissues, and a high expression is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Moreover, miR-1274a promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Based on our findings, miR-1274a may act as a tumor miRNA in the occurrence and development of NSCLC.

Bone mesenchymal stem cells stimulation by magnetic nanoparticles and a static magnetic field: release of exosomal miR-1260a improves osteogenesis and angiogenesis

Background

The therapeutic potential of exosomes derived from stem cells has attracted increasing interest recently, because they can exert similar paracrine functions of stem cells and overcome the limitations of stem cells transplantation. Exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exos) have been confirmed to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The magnetic nanoparticles (eg. Fe₃O₄, γ-Fe₂O₃) combined with a static magnetic field (SMF) has been commonly used to increase wound healing and bone regeneration. Hence, this study aims to evaluate whether exosomes derived from BMSCs preconditioned with a low dose of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with or without the SMF, exert superior pro-osteogenic and pro-angiogenic activities in bone regeneration and the underlying mechanisms involved.

Methods

Two novel types of exosomes derived from preconditioned BMSCs that fabricated by regulating the contents with the stimulation of magnetic nanoparticles and/or a SMF. Then, the new exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized. Afterwards, we conducted in vitro experiments in which we measured osteogenic differentiation, cell proliferation, cell migration, and tube formation, then established an in vivo critical-sized calvarial defect rat model. The miRNA expression profiles were compared among the exosomes to detect the potential mechanism of improving osteogenesis and angiogenesis. At last, the function of exosomal miRNA during bone regeneration was confirmed by utilizing a series of gain- and loss-of-function experiments in vitro.

Results

50 µg/mL Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and a 100 mT SMF were chosen as the optimum magnetic conditions to fabricate two new exosomes, named BMSC-Fe₃O₄-Exos and BMSC-Fe₃O₄-SMF-Exos. They were both confirmed to enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo compared with BMSC-Exos, and BMSC-Fe₃O₄-SMF-Exos had the most marked effect. The promotion effect was found to be related to the highly riched miR-1260a in BMSC-Fe₃O₄-SMF-Exos. Furthermore, miR-1260a was verified to enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis through inhibition of HDAC7 and COL4A2, respectively.

Conclusion

These results suggest that low doses of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles combined with a SMF trigger exosomes to exert enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis and that targeting of HDAC7 and COL4A2 by exosomal miR-1260a plays a crucial role in this process. This work could provide a new protocol to promote bone regeneration for tissue engineering in the future.

Graphical abstract

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00958-6.

Identification of an immune-based mRNA-lncRNA signature for overall survival in cervical squamous cell carcinoma

Aim: To better predict the survival of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) patients, we aimed to construct a signature according to different immune infiltration. Methods: We downloaded the RNA sequences of CESC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. By using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, we separated the samples into high- and low-immunity groups. Then we separated the samples into training and testing datasets and performed the following analyses: univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis, multivariate Cox regression analyses and weighted gene coexpression network analysis using R software. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes studies were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery website. Results & conclusion: We finally identified a signature with three mRNAs and two lncRNAs: ADGRG5, HSH2D, ZMAT4, RBAKDN and LINC00200. In short, our study constructed an mRNA-lncRNA signature related to immune infiltration to better predict the survival of CESC patients.

MCPIP1 ribonuclease can bind and cleave AURKA mRNA in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells

The role of the inflammation-silencing ribonuclease, MCPIP1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1), in neoplasia continuous to emerge. The ribonuclease can cleave not only inflammation-related transcripts but also some microRNAs (miRNAs) and viral RNAs. The suppressive effect of the protein has been hitherto suggested in breast cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and neuroblastoma. Our previous results have demonstrated a reduced levels of several oncogenes, as well as inhibited growth of neuroblastoma cells upon MCPIP1 overexpression. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying the suppression of MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor (MYCN)-amplified neuroblastoma cells overexpressing the MCPIP1 protein. We showed that the levels of several transcripts involved in cell cycle progression decreased in BE(2)-C and KELLY cells overexpressing MCPIP1 in a ribonucleolytic activity-dependent manner. However, RNA immunoprecipitation indicated that only AURKA mRNA (encoding for Aurora A kinase) interacts with the ribonuclease. Furthermore, the application of a luciferase assay suggested MCPIP1-dependent destabilization of the transcript. Further analyses demonstrated that the entire conserved region of AURKA seems to be indispensable for the interaction with the MCPIP1 protein. Additionally, we examined the effect of the ribonuclease overexpression on the miRNA expression profile in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. However, no significant alterations were observed. Our data indicate a key role of the binding and cleavage of the AURKA transcript in an MCPIP1-dependent suppressive effect on neuroblastoma cells.

Upregulation of MiR-1274a is Correlated with Survival Outcomes and Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Colon Cancer

Purpose

Colon cancer has become one of the primary causes of cancer-related mortality in recent years. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of target genes expression. Some of these molecules are aberrantly expressed in colon cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of miR-1274a in colon cancer.

Patients and Methods

The expression levels of miR-1274a in colon cancer tissues and cell lines were detected using RT-qPCR. The association between miR-1274a expression and clinical features was analyzed by the χ² test. Then the Kaplan–Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to explore the clinical prognostic significance of miR-1274a in colon cancer. Finally, the effects of miR-1274a on cell growth, migration, and invasion were investigated with the CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, transwell migration, and invasion assays, respectively.

Results

The expression of miR-1274a was increased in colon cancer tissues and cell lines. The miR-1274a expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and TNM stage. Patients with high miR-1274a expression had a poor overall survival time compared with those with low miR-1274a expression. Upregulated miR-1274a promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells, while inhibition of miR-1274a suppressed these cellular activities by targeting FOXO4.

Conclusion

Our study suggested that miR-1274a might function as an oncogene in human colon cancer and be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of colon cancer.

Increased MicroRNA Levels in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome but Without Insulin Resistance: A Pilot Prospective Study

BACKGROUND

Small noncoding microRNA (miRNA) have regulatory functions in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that differ to those in women without PCOS. However, little is known about miRNA expression in women with PCOS who are not insulin resistant (IR).

METHODS

Circulating miRNAs were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 24 non-obese BMI and age matched women with PCOS and 24 control women. A miRNA data set was used to determine miRNA levels.

RESULTS

Women with PCOS showed a higher free androgen index (FAI) and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) but IR did not differ. Four miRNAs (miR-1260a, miR-18b-5p, miR-424-5p, and miR let-7b-3p) differed between control and PCOS women that passed the false discovery rate (FDR) out of a total of 177 circulating miRNAs that were detected. MiRNA let-7b-3p correlated with AMH in PCOS (p < 0.05). When the groups were combined, miR-1260a correlated with FAI and let-7b-3p correlated with body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05). There was no correlation to androgen levels. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that nine of the top 10 miRNAs reported were associated with inflammatory pathways.

CONCLUSION

When IR did not differ between PCOS and control women, only four miRNA differed significantly suggesting that IR may be a driver for many of the miRNA changes reported. Let-7b-3p was related to AMH in PCOS, and to BMI as a group, whilst miR-1260a correlated with FAI. Androgen levels, however, had no effect upon circulating miRNA profiles. The expressed miRNAs were associated with the inflammatory pathway involving TNF and IL6.

Integrated copy number and miRNA expression analysis in triple negative breast cancer of Latin American patients

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a clinically aggressive breast cancer subtype, affects 15-35% of women from Latin America. Using an approach of direct integration of copy number and global miRNA profiling data, performed simultaneously in the same tumor specimens, we identified a panel of 17 miRNAs specifically associated with TNBC of ancestrally characterized patients from Latin America, Brazil. This panel was differentially expressed between the TNBC and non-TNBC subtypes studied (p ≤ 0.05, FDR ≤ 0.25), with their expression levels concordant with the patterns of copy number alterations (CNAs), present mostly frequent at 8q21.3-q24.3, 3q24-29, 6p25.3-p12.2, 1q21.1-q44, 5q11.1-q22.1, 11p13-p11.2, 13q12.11-q14.3, 17q24.2-q25.3 and Xp22.33-p11.21. The combined 17 miRNAs presented a high power (AUC = 0.953 (0.78-0.99);95% CI) in discriminating between the TNBC and non-TNBC subtypes of the patients studied. In addition, the expression of 14 and 15 of the 17miRNAs was significantly associated with tumor subtype when adjusted for tumor stage and grade, respectively. In conclusion, the panel of miRNAs identified demonstrated the impact of CNAs in miRNA expression levels and identified miRNA target genes potentially affected by both CNAs and miRNA deregulation. These targets, involved in critical signaling pathways and biological functions associated specifically with the TNBC transcriptome of Latina patients, can provide biological insights into the observed differences in the TNBC clinical outcome among racial/ethnic groups, taking into consideration their genetic ancestry.

miRNA expression changes during the course of neoadjuvant bevacizumab and chemotherapy treatment in breast cancer

One of the hallmarks of cancer is sustained angiogenesis. Favorable results have been reported in some breast cancer (BC) patients receiving antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab (Bev) in combination with chemotherapy, and further knowledge on how Bev can be optimally combined with conventional treatment to increase efficacy is strongly needed. In this randomized, neoadjuvant phase II clinical trial, 132 patients with HER2-negative, nonmetastatic BC were treated with Bev in combination with sequential chemotherapy. Biopsies were sampled before treatment, after 12 weeks with anthracycline and after taxane therapy at week 25. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiling was performed on biopsies from each time point. Altogether, 241 biopsies were analyzed with the aim of identifying miRNA-based biomarkers of response to therapy. Results from the miRNA analyses were reported for the ER-positive cohort, which were previously demonstrated to benefit from antiangiogenic therapy in this study. For both treatment arms of this cohort, significantly different expression was observed for 217 miRNAs between objective responding and nonresponding patients before treatment initiation. These miRNAs have been linked to regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and tumor growth, among other processes. Bev in combination with chemotherapy resulted in similar miRNA changes to chemotherapy alone. However, the deregulation of miRNA expression occurred earlier in the Bev arm. In both arms, tumor suppressor miRNAs were found upregulated after treatment, while oncogenic miRNAs were downregulated in the Bev arm. Patients responding to Bev showed a strong correlation between deregulated miRNAs and decreased proliferation score during the course of treatment, with downregulation of miR-4465 as the strongest indicator of reduced proliferation. Integrative analyses at miRNA-, gene-, and protein expression further indicated a longitudinal decrease in proliferation. Altogether, the results indicate that proliferation might represent a predictive factor for increased Bev sensitivity, which may aid in the identification of patients who could potentially benefit from Bev.

Differential expression of miR-34a, 451, 1260, 1275 and 1298 in the neocortex of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is the most common epilepsy syndrome which will eventually become pharmacologically intractable partial-onset seizures. Regulation of gene expression is an important process in the development of this pathology where microRNAs (miRs) are involved. The role of miRs has been widely studied in the hippocampus of rodents and patients. However, little is known about its differential expression in other brain regions such as the neocortex. The temporal neocortex plays a major role in the generation and propagation of seizures and in synaptic disruption, impairing the excitatory and inhibitory balance. Therefore, we assessed the expression of miR-146a, 34a, 1260, 1275, 1298, 451, 132 and 142-3p in the neocortex of 12 patients with mTLE and compared them with miRs expression found in 10 control samples. We noted a significant decrease in the expression of miR-34a and 1298 in patients with mTLE and a -1.49 to -7.0 fold change respectively compared with controls. Conversely, we observed a significant increase in the expression of miR-451, 1260 and 1275 in patients with a 25.67, 4.09 and a 7.07 fold change respectively compared to controls. Using Pearson correlation, we explored the association between the clinical features of mTLE patients and controls with miRs expression. In the control group we found a significant correlation only with age and miR-146a expression (r = 0.733). The analysis of mTLE patients showed a negative correlation between expression of miR-1260 (r = -0.666) and miR-1298 (r = -0.651) and age. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between miR-146a expression with seizure frequency (r = 0.803) and a positive correlation between miR-146a and 451 expression with number of antiepileptic drugs used for presurgical treatment (r = 0.715 and 0.611 respectively), thus suggesting a positive correlation with disease severity. These miRs are associated with biological processes such as apoptosis, drug resistance, inflammation, inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission, axonal guidance and signaling of neurotrophins. Therefore, deepening our understanding of the targets involved in these miRs will help to elucidate the role of the neocortex in epilepsy.