Detection of novel coronavirus from chest X-rays using deep convolutional neural networks

An augmentation aided concise CNN based architecture for COVID-19 diagnosis in real time

Over 6.5 million people around the world have lost their lives due to the highly contagious COVID 19 virus. The virus increases the danger of fatal health effects by damaging the lungs severely. The only method to reduce mortality and contain the spread of this disease is by promptly detecting it. Recently, deep learning has become one of the most prominent approaches to CAD, helping surgeons make more informed decisions. But deep learning models are computation hungry and devices with TPUs and GPUs are needed to run these models. The current focus of machine learning research is on developing models that can be deployed on mobile and edge devices. To this end, this research aims to develop a concise convolutional neural network-based computer-aided diagnostic system for detecting the COVID 19 virus in X-ray images, which may be deployed on devices with limited processing resources, such as mobile phones and tablets. The proposed architecture aspires to use the image enhancement in first phase and data augmentation in the second phase for image pre-processing, additionally hyperparameters are also optimized to obtain the optimal parameter settings in the third phase that provide the best results. The experimental analysis has provided empirical evidence of the impact of image enhancement, data augmentation, and hyperparameter tuning on the proposed convolutional neural network model, which increased accuracy from 94 to 98%. Results from the evaluation show that the suggested method gives an accuracy of 98%, which is better than popular transfer learning models like Xception, Resnet50, and Inception.

Diabetic Retinopathy Classification Using CNN and Hybrid Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an eye condition that mainly affects individuals who have diabetes and is one of the important causes of blindness in adults. As the infection progresses, it may lead to permanent loss of vision. Diagnosing diabetic retinopathy manually with the help of an ophthalmologist has been a tedious and a very laborious procedure. This paper not only focuses on diabetic retinopathy detection but also on the analysis of different DR stages, which is performed with the help of Deep Learning (DL) and transfer learning algorithms. CNN, hybrid CNN with ResNet, hybrid CNN with DenseNet are used on a huge dataset with around 3662 train images to automatically detect which stage DR has progressed. Five DR stages, which are 0 (No DR), 1 (Mild DR), 2 (Moderate), 3 (Severe) and 4 (Proliferative DR) are processed in the proposed work. The patient’s eye images are fed as input to the model. The proposed deep learning architectures like CNN, hybrid CNN with ResNet, hybrid CNN with DenseNet 2.1 are used to extract the features of the eye for effective classification. The models achieved an accuracy of 96.22%, 93.18% and 75.61% respectively. The paper concludes with a comparative study of the CNN, hybrid CNN with ResNet, hybrid CNN with DenseNet architectures that highlights hybrid CNN with DenseNet as the perfect deep learning classification model for automated DR detection.

A deep learning-based COVID-19 classification from chest X-ray image: case study

The novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease that is currently affecting over 200 countries around the world and more than 6 millions of people died in last 2 years. Early detection of COVID-19 can mitigate and control its spread. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-CPR), Chest X-ray (CXR) scan, and Computerized Tomography (CT) scan are used to identify the COVID-19. Chest X-ray image analysis is relatively time efficient than compared with RT-CPR and CT scan. Its cost-effectiveness make it a good choice for COVID-19 Classification. We propose a deep learning based Convolutional Neural Network model for detection of COVID-19 from CXR. Chest X-ray images are collected from various sources dataset for training with augmentation and evaluating our model, which is widely used for COVID-19 detection and diagnosis. A Deep Convolutional neural network (CNN) based model for analysis of COVID-19 with data augmentation is proposed, which uses the patient's chest X-ray images for the diagnosis of COVID-19 with an aim to help the physicians to assist the diagnostic process among high workload conditions. The overall accuracy of 93 percent for COVID-19 Classification is achieved by choosing best optimizer.