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Hans R, Sharma SK, Aickelin U. Optimised deep k-nearest neighbour's based diabetic retinopathy diagnosis(ODeep-NN) using retinal images. Health Inf Sci Syst 2024; 12:23. [PMID: 38469456 PMCID: PMC10924814 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-024-00282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been regarded as one of the prime health issues in present days, which can often lead to diabetic retinopathy, a complication of the disease that affects the eyes, causing loss of vision. For precisely detecting the condition's existence, clinicians are required to recognise the presence of lesions in colour fundus images, making it an arduous and time-consuming task. To deal with this problem, a lot of work has been undertaken to develop deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis systems that assist clinicians in making accurate diagnoses of the diseases in medical images. Contrariwise, the basic operations involved in deep learning models lead to the extraction of a bulky set of features, further taking a long period of training to predict the existence of the disease. For effective execution of these models, feature selection becomes an important task that aids in selecting the most appropriate features, with an aim to increase the classification accuracy. This research presents an optimised deep k-nearest neighbours'-based pipeline model in a bid to amalgamate the feature extraction capability of deep learning models with nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms, further using k-nearest neighbour algorithm for classification. The proposed model attains an accuracy of 97.67 and 98.05% on two different datasets considered, outperforming Resnet50 and AlexNet deep learning models. Additionally, the experimental results also portray an analysis of five different nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms, considered for feature selection on the basis of various evaluation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Hans
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Department of Computer Science and Applications, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Uwe Aickelin
- School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Mor J, Sharma SK. Decoupling of ion-transport from polymer segmental relaxation and higher ionic-conductivity in poly(ethylene oxide)/succinonitrile composite-based electrolytes having low lithium salt doping. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 38639464 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00735b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Only limited enhancement in room-temperature ionic-conductivity for poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, based electrolytes is possible due to coupling between ionic-conductivity and segmental relaxation. In the present study, we have achieved ionic-conductivity of 1.07 × 10-3 and 6.20 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 313 and 298 K, respectively, by adding 45 wt% of succinonitrile (SN) in PEO having low LiTFSI loading (Li : EO = 1 : 20). This enhancement in the ionic-conductivity is attributed to faster ion transport (diffusion coefficient, D = 3.63 × 10-5 cm2 s-1) occurring through the ion-transport channels as confirmed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The ionic-transport through these channels is observed to be highly decoupled from the segmental relaxations as confirmed using broadband dielectric spectroscopy through Ratner's approach. The observed decoupling of ionic-conductivity from PEO segmental relaxation in PEO-SN composite-based electrolytes would be useful to design rather inexpensive all solid-state polymer electrolytes for Li ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mor
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - S K Sharma
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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Gupta R, Sharma K, Khedar RS, Sharma SK, Makkar JS, Natani V, Bana A, Sharma S. Influence of COVID-19 pandemic in India on coronary artery disease clinical presentation, angiography, interventions and in-hospital outcomes: a single centre prospective registry-based observational study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078596. [PMID: 38553070 PMCID: PMC10982793 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study examined the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic in India on variation in clinical features, management and in-hospital outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). DESIGN Prospective registry-based observational study. SETTING A tertiary care hospital in India participant in the American College of Cardiology CathPCI Registry. PARTICIPANTS 7089 successive patients who underwent PCI from April 2018 to March 2023 were enrolled (men 5627, women 1462). Details of risk factors, clinical presentation, coronary angiography, coronary interventions, clinical management and in-hospital outcomes were recorded. Annual data were classified into specific COVID-19 periods according to Government of India guidelines as pre-COVID-19 (April 2018 to March 2019, n=1563; April 2019 to March 2020, n=1594), COVID-19 (April 2020 to March 2020, n=1206; April 2021 to March 2022, n=1223) and post-COVID-19 (April 2022 to March 2023, n=1503). RESULTS Compared with the patients in pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 periods, during the first COVID-19 year, patients had more hypertension, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). In the second COVID-19 year, patients had more STEMI, lower LVEF, multivessel CAD, primary PCI, multiple stents and more vasopressor and mechanical support. There were 99 (1.4%) in-hospital deaths which in the successive years were 1.2%, 1.4%, 0.8%, 2.4% and 1.3%, respectively (p=0.019). Compared with the baseline year, deaths were slightly lower in the first COVID-19-year (age-sex adjusted OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.47) but significantly more in the second COVID-19-year (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.54). This variation attenuated following adjustment for clinical presentation, extent of CAD, in-hospital treatment and duration of hospitalisation. CONCLUSIONS In-hospital mortality among patients with CAD undergoing PCI was significantly higher in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic in India and could be one of the reasons for excess deaths in the country. These patients had more severe CAD, lower LVEF, and more vasopressor and mechanical support and duration of hospitalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Gupta
- Medicine, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishnakumar Sharma
- Pharmacy, LBS College of Pharmacy, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Raghubir Singh Khedar
- Medicine, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jitender Singh Makkar
- Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vishnu Natani
- Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ajeet Bana
- Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Samin Sharma
- Cardiology, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
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Bilton TP, Sharma SK, Schofield MR, Black MA, Jacobs JME, Bryan GJ, Dodds KG. Construction of relatedness matrices in autopolyploid populations using low-depth high-throughput sequencing data. Theor Appl Genet 2024; 137:64. [PMID: 38430392 PMCID: PMC10908621 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE An improved estimator of genomic relatedness using low-depth high-throughput sequencing data for autopolyploids is developed. Its outputs strongly correlate with SNP array-based estimates and are available in the package GUSrelate. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods have reduced sequencing costs and resources compared to array-based tools, facilitating the investigation of many non-model polyploid species. One important quantity that can be computed from HTS data is the genetic relatedness between all individuals in a population. However, HTS data are often messy, with multiple sources of errors (i.e. sequencing errors or missing parental alleles) which, if not accounted for, can lead to bias in genomic relatedness estimates. We derive a new estimator for constructing a genomic relationship matrix (GRM) from HTS data for autopolyploid species that accounts for errors associated with low sequencing depths, implemented in the R package GUSrelate. Simulations revealed that GUSrelate performed similarly to existing GRM methods at high depth but reduced bias in self-relatedness estimates when the sequencing depth was low. Using a panel consisting of 351 tetraploid potato genotypes, we found that GUSrelate produced GRMs from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data that were highly correlated with a GRM computed from SNP array data, and less biased than existing methods when benchmarking against the array-based GRM estimates. GUSrelate provides researchers with a tool to reliably construct GRMs from low-depth HTS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Bilton
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Matthew R Schofield
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Glenn J Bryan
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Ken G Dodds
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand
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Gupta R, Sharma KK, Khedar RS, Sharma SK, Makkar JS, Bana A, Natani V, Bharati S, Kumar S, Hadiya V, Lodha S, Sharma SK. Low body mass index is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes following PCI in India: ACC-NCDR registry. Int J Cardiol Cardiovasc Risk Prev 2024; 20:200230. [PMID: 38192277 PMCID: PMC10772713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2023.200230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Objective Registry-based prospective study was conducted to evaluate association of body mass index (BMI) with major adverse coronary events (MACE) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Successive patients undergoing PCI were enrolled from April'19 to March'22 and classified into five BMI categories (<23.0,23.0-24.9,25.0-26.9,27.0-29.9, and ≥30.0 kg/m2). Clinical, angiographic features, interventions and outcomes were obtained by in-person or telephonic follow-up. Primary endpoints were (a) MACE(cardiovascular deaths, acute coronary syndrome or stroke, revascularization, hospitalization and all-cause deaths) and (b)cardiovascular deaths. Cox-proportionate hazard ratios(HR) and 95 % confidence intervals(CI) were calculated. Results The cohort included 4045 patients. Mean age was 60.3 ± 11y, 3233(79.7 %) were men. There was high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. 90 % patients had acute coronary syndrome(STEMI 39.6 %, NSTEMI/unstable angina 60.3 %), 60.0 % had impaired ejection fraction(EF) and multivessel CAD. Lower BMI groups (<23.0 kg/m2) had higher prevalence of tobacco use, reduced ejection fraction(EF), multivessel CAD, stents, and less primary PCI for STEMI. There was no difference in discharge medications and in-hospital deaths. Median follow-up was 24 months (IQR 12-36), available in 3602(89.0 %). In increasing BMI categories, respectively, MACE was in 10.9,8.9,9.5,9.1 and 6.8 % (R2 = 0.73) and CVD deaths in 5.1,4.5,4.4,5.1 and 3.5 % (R2 = 0.39). Compared to lowest BMI category, age-sex adjusted HR in successive groups for MACE were 0.89,0.87,0.79,0.69 and CVD deaths 0.98,0.87,0.95,0.75 with overlapping CI. HR attenuated following multivariate adjustments. Conclusions Low BMI patients have higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events following PCI in India. These patients are older, with greater tobacco use, lower EF, multivessel CAD, delayed STEMI-PCI, and longer hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Sharma
- Department of Clinical Research, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, 302017, India
- Department of Pharmacology, LBS College of Pharmacy, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipu, 302004, India
| | - Raghubir Singh Khedar
- Department of Medicine, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Jitender Singh Makkar
- Department of Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Ajeet Bana
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Vishnu Natani
- Department of Clinical Research, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Shilpa Bharati
- Department of Clinical Research, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Clinical Research, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Vishal Hadiya
- Department of Medicine, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Sailesh Lodha
- Departments of Endocrinology, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Samin Kumar Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Lahiri D, Krishna KVM, Verma AK, Modak P, Vishwanadh B, Chattopadhyay S, Shibata T, Sharma SK, Sarkar SK, Clifton PH, Biswas A, Garg N, K Dey G. Comprehensive characterization of the structure of Zr-based metallic glasses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4911. [PMID: 38418473 PMCID: PMC10902397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Structure of metallic glasses fascinates as the generic amorphous structural template for ubiquitous systems. Its specification necessitates determination of the complete hierarchical structure, starting from short-range-order (SRO) → medium-range-order (MRO) → bulk structure and free volume (FV) distribution. This link has largely remained elusive since previous investigations adopted one-technique-at-a-time approach, focusing on limited aspects of any one domain. Reconstruction of structure from experimental data inversion is non-unique for many of these techniques. As a result, complete and precise structural understanding of glass has not emerged yet. In this work, we demonstrate the first experimental pathway for reconstruction of the integrated structure, forZr 67 Ni 33 andZr 52 Ti 6 Al 10 Cu 18 Ni 14 glasses. Our strategy engages diverse (× 7) multi-scale techniques [XAFS, 3D-APT, ABED/NBED, FEM, XRD, PAS, FHREM] on the same glass. This strategy complemented mutual limitations of techniques and corroborated common parameters to generate complete, self-consistent and precise parameters. Further, MRO domain size and inter-void separation were correlated to identify the presence of FV at MRO boundaries. This enabled the first experimental reconstruction of hierarchical subset: SRO → MRO → FV → bulk structure. The first ever image of intermediate region between MRO domains emerged from this link. We clarify that determination of all subsets is not our objective; the essence and novelty of this work lies in directing the pathway towards finite solution, in the most logical and unambiguous way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdutta Lahiri
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
| | - K V Mani Krishna
- Materials Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Ashok K Verma
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
| | - P Modak
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - B Vishwanadh
- Materials Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Physical Sciences Department, Elgin Community College, 1700 Spartan Drive, Elgin, IL, 60123, USA
| | - Tomohiro Shibata
- Materials Science, Kennametal Inc., 1600 Technology Way, Latrobe, PA, 15650, USA
| | - S K Sharma
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sudip Kumar Sarkar
- Materials Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | | | - A Biswas
- Materials Science Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Nandini Garg
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - G K Dey
- Materials Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
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Kaur BP, Singh H, Hans R, Sharma SK, Kaushal C, Hassan MM, Shah MA. An augmentation aided concise CNN based architecture for COVID-19 diagnosis in real time. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1136. [PMID: 38212647 PMCID: PMC10784465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Over 6.5 million people around the world have lost their lives due to the highly contagious COVID 19 virus. The virus increases the danger of fatal health effects by damaging the lungs severely. The only method to reduce mortality and contain the spread of this disease is by promptly detecting it. Recently, deep learning has become one of the most prominent approaches to CAD, helping surgeons make more informed decisions. But deep learning models are computation hungry and devices with TPUs and GPUs are needed to run these models. The current focus of machine learning research is on developing models that can be deployed on mobile and edge devices. To this end, this research aims to develop a concise convolutional neural network-based computer-aided diagnostic system for detecting the COVID 19 virus in X-ray images, which may be deployed on devices with limited processing resources, such as mobile phones and tablets. The proposed architecture aspires to use the image enhancement in first phase and data augmentation in the second phase for image pre-processing, additionally hyperparameters are also optimized to obtain the optimal parameter settings in the third phase that provide the best results. The experimental analysis has provided empirical evidence of the impact of image enhancement, data augmentation, and hyperparameter tuning on the proposed convolutional neural network model, which increased accuracy from 94 to 98%. Results from the evaluation show that the suggested method gives an accuracy of 98%, which is better than popular transfer learning models like Xception, Resnet50, and Inception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balraj Preet Kaur
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, DAV University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Rahul Hans
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, DAV University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Department of Computer Science and Applications, DAV University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Chetna Kaushal
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Md Mehedi Hassan
- Computer Science and Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Mohd Asif Shah
- Department of Economics, Kebri Dehar University, Kebri Dehar, 250, Ethiopia.
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144001, Punjab, India.
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Sarkar I, Dey P, Sharma SK, Ray SD, Kochiganti VHS, Singh R, Pramod P, Singh RP. Retraction Note: Turdoides affinis mitogenome reveals the translational efficiency and importance of NADH dehydrogenase complex-I in the Leiothrichidae family. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18144. [PMID: 37875550 PMCID: PMC10598199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Sarkar
- National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India
| | - Prateek Dey
- National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India.
| | - Swapna Devi Ray
- National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India
| | | | - Renu Singh
- Central Avian Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Padmanabhan Pramod
- National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India
| | - Ram Pratap Singh
- National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India.
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, 824236, India.
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Sharma SK, Kansal M, Guptan RK, Chandraker D, Maheshwari N. Experimental assessment of hydrogen removal rate for passive auto catalytic recombiners. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2023.112274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Sharma SK, Pradhan D, Ram S. A core-shell magnet Mn70Bi30 grown at seeds in magnetic fields and its impacts on its spin-dynamics, Curie point and other tailored properties. Nanotechnology 2023. [PMID: 37156232 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acd34c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The MnBi alloys is a model series of rare-earth free magnets for surge of technologies of small parts of automobiles, power generators, medical tools, memory systems, and many others. The magnetics stem primarily at unpaired Mn-3d5 spins (a 4.23 B moment) align parallel via an orbital moment 0.27 B of Bi-5d106s2p3 in a crystal lattice. Thus, using a surplus Mn (over Bi) in a Mn70Bi30 type alloy designs a spin-rich system of duly tailored properties useful for magnetics and other devices. In this view, we report here a strategy of a refined alloy powder Mn70Bi30 can grow into small crystals of hexagonal (h) plates at seeds as annealed in magnetic fields (in H2 gas). So, small h-plates (30 to 50 nm widths) are grown up at (002) facets, wherein the edges are turned down in a spiral ( 2.1 nm thicknesses) in a core-shell structure. The results are described with X-ray diffraction, lattice images and magnetic properties of a powder Mn70Bi30 (milled in glycine) is annealed at 573 K for different time periods, so to the Mn/Bi order at the permeable facets (seeds). Duly annealed samples exhibit an enhanced magnetization, Ms 70.8 emu/g, with duly promoted coercivity Hc 10.810 kOe (15.910 kOe at 350 K), energy-product 14.8 MGOe, and the crystal-field-anisotropy, K1 7.6x107 erg/cm3, reported at room temperature. Otherwise, Ms should decline at any surplus 3d5-Mn spins order antiparallel at the antisites. Enhanced Curie point 658.1 K (628 K at Mn50Bi50 alloy) anticipates that a surplus Mn does favor the Mn-Bi exchange interactions. Proposed spin models well describe the spin-dynamics and lattice relaxations (on anneals) over the lattice volume (with twins) and spin clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, INDIA
| | - Debabrata Pradhan
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Materials Science centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, INDIA
| | - Shanker Ram
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, INDIA
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Sharma SK, Mandal TK. Correction to: Elemental Composition and Sources of Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) in Delhi, India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2023; 110:88. [PMID: 37131083 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S K Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
| | - T K Mandal
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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Singh SP, Singh H, Saini S, Mishra GK, Sharma SK. Studies on the breeding potential and entomological indices of dengue vector Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the district Ghaziabad of Uttar Pradesh, India. J Vector Borne Dis 2023; 60:187-192. [PMID: 37417168 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.353270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The female Aedes mosquito is a vector of many arboviruses-borne diseases. The evidence and information regarding their breeding habitats are vital for implementing appropriate control policies. METHODS An entomological survey was done at three sites in Ghaziabad district of Uttar Pradesh, India viz. Indirapuram, Vasundhara, and Vaishali to generate the first boundary line information of breeding sites of Aedes aegypti larvae for the early prevention and control interventions for dengue management. RESULTS A total of 2994 containers were checked in 1169 households at the time of the survey for breeding sites of Aedes mosquito during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon period, out of which 667 containers were found positive in 518 positive households. The total HI, CI, and BI were 44.31, 22.27, and 57.05 respectively. The maximum and minimum breeding indices were found during monsoon and pre-monsoon respectively. The most preferred containers for Aedes breeding were cement tanks for lotus plants in nurseries, drums, and small and large size pots for storage of water and ornamental plants mostly in 8 plant nurseries. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Breeding of Aedes was found in nurseries and desert coolers which were the primary breeding containers found during the survey. The containers found positive during surveys were emptied or destroyed with the help of the local community and the breeding status of nurseries was informed to the health authorities of Ghaziabad to take necessary action against the breeding sites of the Aedes mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Himmat Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Suruchi Saini
- State Malaria Office, State Health Department, Ghaziabad, India
| | - G K Mishra
- State Malaria Office, State Health Department, Ghaziabad, India
| | - S K Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
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Singh V, Sharma SK. Application of blockchain technology in shaping the future of food industry based on transparency and consumer trust. J Food Sci Technol 2023; 60:1237-1254. [PMID: 36936108 PMCID: PMC10020414 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05360-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Food Industries, at this moment, are moving towards a new phase, and this phase will be governed by consumers and not by the industry leaders. The report shows that claims on sustainability, health, wellness, and transparency would govern the future trends in the food industry. Currently, there are several cases of misleading and false claims which hamper consumer trust. So, to uphold consumer trust, authentication of claims through transparency in the food supply chain is required, and blockchain technology can bring transparency at relatively low transaction costs. Once in a blockchain network, data is very difficult to manipulate, with no single point of authority to mess and collapse the system. Though we see mostly the financial systems using blockchain's decentralized functionality, there is a growing trend of innovative applications being built in the supply chain area for contracts and operations. With effort in the right direction and over time, blockchain will recast how operations and processes are done across the industry, including public sectors. The paper reviews the opportunity for the blockchain in enabling food industries for future-readiness, empowering the consumers in verifying the product claims and thus prevent themselves from food fraud. In doing so, the paper considers the future trends in the food industry, identifies current food fraud cases, and outlines the various applications in the agri-food chain and challenges associated with it. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Singh
- Present Address: BASF SE, Pfalzgrafenstraße 1, 67061 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
- Department of Business Administration, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, 320 Taiwan
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14
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Sharma SK, Mandal TK. Elemental Composition and Sources of Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) in Delhi, India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2023; 110:60. [PMID: 36892662 PMCID: PMC9995727 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study we have analysed the elemental composition of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to examine the seasonal changes and sources of the elements in Delhi, India from January, 2017 to December, 2021. During the entire sampling period, 19 elements (Al, Fe, Ti, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, As, Mo, Cl, P, S, K, Pb, Na, Mg, Ca, Mn, and Br) of PM2.5 were identified by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. The higher annual mean concentrations of S (2.29 µg m-3), Cl (2.26 µg m-3), K (2.05 µg m-3), Ca (0.96 µg m-3) and Fe (0.93 µg m-3) were recorded during post-monsoon season followed by Zn > Pb > Al > Na > Cu > Ti > As > Cr > Mo > Br > Mg > Ni > Mn > and P. The annual mean concentrations of elemental composition of PM2.5 accounted for 10% of PM2.5 (pooled estimate of 5 year). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified the five main sources [crustal/soil/road dust, combustion (BB + FFC), vehicular emissions (VE), industrial emissions (IE) and mixed source (Ti, Cr and Mo rich-source)] of PM2.5 in Delhi, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
| | - T K Mandal
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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15
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Langan SM, Mulick AR, Rutter CE, Silverwood R, Asher I, García‐Marcos L, Ellwood E, Bissell K, Chiang C, Sony AE, Ellwood P, Marks G, Mortimer K, Martínez‐Torres AE, Morales E, Perez‐Fernandez V, Robertson S, Williams H, Strachan DP, Pearce N, Bissell K, Chiang CY, Marks , Mortimer K, Masekela R, Perez‐Fernández V, Martinez‐Torres AE, Robertson S, Rutter CE, Silverwood RJ, Mallol J, Soto‐Martinez ME, Cabrera Aguilar A, Douros K, Mohammed S, Singh M, Singh V, Sukumaran TU, Awasthi S, Kabra SK, Salvi S, Mérida‐Palacio JV, González‐Díaz SN, Navarrete‐Rodriguez EM, Sánchez JF, Falade AG, Zar HJ, López‐Silvarrey Varela A, González Díaz C, Nour M, Dib G, Mohammad Y, Huang J, Chinratanapisit S, Soto‐Quirós ME, El‐Sony A, Vichyanond P, Aguilar P, Barba S, Kumar L, Sharma SK, Hanumante NM, García‐Almaráz R, Merida‐Palacio JV, Del‐Río‐Navarro BE, Linares‐Zapién FJ, Onadeko BO, Musa OAA, Aguirre V, Baeza‐Bacab M, Mohammad S, Cortéz E, Gratziou CH, Chopra K, Nelson H, Rubio AD, Hsieh K, Shah J. Trends in eczema prevalence in children and adolescents: A Global Asthma Network Phase I Study. Clin Exp Allergy 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy R. Mulick
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK
| | | | - Richard J. Silverwood
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute University College London London UK
| | - Innes Asher
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Luis García‐Marcos
- Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Children's Hospital University of Murcia Murcia Spain
- IMIB Bio‐health Research Institute Murcia Spain
- ARADyAL Allergy Network Murcia Spain
| | - Eamon Ellwood
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Karen Bissell
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Chen‐Yuan Chiang
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Paris France
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Asma El Sony
- Epidemiological Laboratory (Epi‐Lab) for Public Health, Research and Development Khartoum Sudan
| | - Philippa Ellwood
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Guy B. Marks
- Respiratory & Environmental Epidemiology University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- Department of Medicine University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine University of KwaZulu‐Natal Durban South Africa
| | - A. Elena Martínez‐Torres
- Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units and Nurse Research Group Virgen de la Arrixaca University Children's Hospital Murcia Spain
- IMIB Bio‐health Research Institute, Edificio Departamental‐Laib Murcia Spain
| | - Eva Morales
- IMIB Bio‐health Research Institute, Edificio Departamental‐Laib Murcia Spain
- Department of Public Health Sciences University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Virginia Perez‐Fernandez
- IMIB Bio‐health Research Institute, Edificio Departamental‐Laib Murcia Spain
- Department of Biostatistics University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Steven Robertson
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute University College London London UK
| | - Hywel C. Williams
- Centre for Evidence‐Based Dermatology University of Nottingham Nottingam UK
| | - David P. Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute St George's, University of London London UK
| | - Neil Pearce
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK
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16
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Utpalla P, Mor J, Sharma SK. On enhancing the Li-ion conductivity of quasi-solid-state electrolytes by suppressing the flexibility of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 via a mixed ligand strategy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3959-3968. [PMID: 36648501 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) have emerged as potential conductive materials for Li ion-transport in polymer solid state electrolytes. However, developing ZIFs with high Li ionic conductivity is rather limited due to their flexible frameworks allowing dual ion conduction. Herein, we have used a mixed ligand strategy for fine-tuning the aperture and enhancing the rigidity of ZIF-8, which restricts the passage of large size anions. Poly(ethylene oxide)-based quasi-solid state electrolytes utilizing mixed ligand ZIF-7-8 frameworks as passive fillers show a continuous enhancement in Li ion-conductivity exclusively attributed to modifications in the flexibility and pore architecture of ZIF-8 as confirmed through broadband dielectric spectroscopy and positron annihilation spectroscopy. This study shows that polymer segmental relaxation and conductivity relaxation processes are decoupled in these electrolytes. Consequently, our proposed approach provides a new strategy for manufacturing a polymer-based electrolyte with enhanced ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Utpalla
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - J Mor
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
| | - S K Sharma
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400 094, India
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17
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Verma R, Aravind JMVVS, Deb P, Rao JN, Dey P, Dubey AK, Shukla R, Majumder DB, Sharma SK, Mishra S, Meena M, Rongali L, Sethi B, Sagar K, Kumar GV, Babu NS, Sharma A. Modular electromagnetic railgun accelerator for high velocity impact studies. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:124703. [PMID: 36586908 DOI: 10.1063/5.0104365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A modular electromagnetic railgun accelerator facility named "RAFTAR" (i.e., Railgun Accelerator Facility for Technology and Research) has been commissioned and its performance has been characterized for high velocity impact testing on materials in a single-shot mode. In the first tests, RAFTAR demonstrated an acceleration of more than 1000 m/s for an 8 g solid aluminum-7075 armature projectile. The current fed was 220 kA, having a muzzle time of about 1.75 ms. It is a single pulse breech-fed rectangular bore (14 × 13 mm2) railgun, and its 1.15 m long barrel assembly consists of two parallel copper bars with an inter-gap of 13 mm that are encased within 50 mm thick high strength reinforced fiberglass sheets (Garolite G10-FR4) and bolted from both the sides. RAFTAR is powered by two capacitor bank modules that have a maximum stored energy of 160 kJ each (containing eight 178 μF/15 kV capacitors), two high power ignitron switches, and a pulse shaping inductor. To obtain consistent acceleration of the armature inside the barrel, reversal of driving current is prevented, and its pulse duration is stretched by tactical integration of the crowbar switch and bitter coil inductor in the circuit. Armature projectile velocity measurement in-bore and outside in free space was performed by the time-of-flight technique using indigenously made miniature B-dot sensors and a novel shorting-foil arrangement, respectively. The time resolved measurement of the in-bore armature evidenced a velocity-skin-effect in the high acceleration phase. There is good agreement between the experimentally measured and theoretically predicted efficiency, confirming the optimal choice of operating parameters. The conclusion summarizes important experimental findings and analyzes the underlying causes that limit the performance of railguns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Verma
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - J M V V S Aravind
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - Pankaj Deb
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - J N Rao
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - P Dey
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - A K Dubey
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - R Shukla
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - D B Majumder
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - S K Sharma
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - Shobhna Mishra
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - Manraj Meena
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - Lakshman Rongali
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - Bijayalaxmi Sethi
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - K Sagar
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - G Vinod Kumar
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - N S Babu
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
| | - Archana Sharma
- Pulsed Power & Electromagnetics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facility, Atchutapuram, Vishakhapatnam 531011, AP, India
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Johansson I, Balasubramanian K, Bangdiwala S, Mielniczuk L, Hage C, Sharma SK, Branch K, Yonga G, Kragholm K, Sliwa K, Roy A, Stork S, McMurray JJV, Conen D, Yusuf S. Factors associated with health-related quality of life in heart failure in 23,000 patients from 40 countries: results of the global congestive heart failure research program. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Poor health-related quality of life (HRQL) is common in heart failure (HF) and strongly predicts death and HF hospitalization in all regions of the world. Understanding facors associated with HRQL could therefore lead to improved prognosis in HF patients. Despite that the majority of HF occurs in low- and middle-income countries, there are limited data characterizing self-perceived health HRQL and its correlates in these settings.
Purpose
To examine clinical and social correlates of HRQL in patients with HF from high- (HIC), upper middle- (UMIC), lower middle-(LMIC) and low-income (LIC) countries.
Methods
Between 2017 and 2020, we enrolled 23,292 patients with HF (32% inpatients, 61% men) from 40 countries in the Global Congestive Heart Failure Study. We recorded HRQL at baseline using Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ)-12. In a cross-sectional analysis, we compared age- and sex-adjusted mean KCCQ-12 summary scores (SS: 0–100, higher=better) between patients from different country income levels. We used multivariable linear regression examining correlations (estimates expressed as β-coefficients) of KCCQ-12-SS with sociodemographic-, comorbidity-, treatment- and symptom-covariates. The adjusted model (37 covariates) was informed by univariable findings, clinical importance and backward selection. We used partial R2-estimates to understand the contribution to the variability in KCCQ-12-SS of 4 different groups of covariates. (sociodemographic, comorbidities, treatments and signs and symptoms of congestion).
Results
Mean age was 63 years and 40% were in NYHA class III–IV. Average HRQL was 55± SD 0.5. It was 62.5 (95% CI 62.0–63.1) in HIC, 56.8 (56.1–57.4) in UMIC, 48.6 (48.0–49.3) in LMIC, and 38.5 (37.3–39.7) in LICs (p<0.0001). Strong correlates (β-coefficient [95% CI]) of KCCQ-12-SS were NYHA class III vs class I/II (−12.1 [−12.8 to −11.4] and class IV vs. class I/II (−16.5 [−17.7 to −15.3]), effort dyspnea (−9.5 [−10.2 to −8.8]) and living in LIC vs. HIC (−5.8 [−7.1 to −4.4]). Symptoms explained most of the KCCQ-12-SS variability (partial R2=0.32 of total adjusted R2=0.51), followed by sociodemographic factors (R2=0.12). Results were consistent in populations across income levels.
Conclusion
The most important correlates of HRQL in HF patients relate to HF symptom severity, irrespective of country-income level. Improved symptom control may have a big impact on HRQL, especially in LICs.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Bayer AG
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Affiliation(s)
- I Johansson
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| | - K Balasubramanian
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| | - S Bangdiwala
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| | - L Mielniczuk
- Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology , Ottawa , Canada
| | - C Hage
- Karolinska Institute, Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine K2 , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - S K Sharma
- B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences , Dharan , Nepal
| | - K Branch
- University of Washington Medical Center, Division of Cardiology , Seattle , United States of America
| | - G Yonga
- University of Nairobi , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - K Kragholm
- Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - K Sliwa
- University of Cape Town, Department of Medicine and Cardiology , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - A Roy
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Department of Cardiology , New Delhi , India
| | - S Stork
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC) , Wurzburg , Germany
| | - J J V McMurray
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre , Glasgow , United Kingdom
| | - D Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
| | - S Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University , Hamilton , Canada
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Giustino G, Serrao GW, Melarcode-Krishnamoorty P, Vengrenyuk A, Kyaw H, Gidwani U, Sharma SK, Kini A. Development of an app-based bedside clinical decision-making tool for mechanical cardiocirculatory support in patients with cardiogenic shock: the MCS-Aid app. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients presenting with cardiogenic shock remain at high risk of morbidity and mortality. Several mechanical cardiocirculatory support (MCS) devices have been developed and their use is rapidly increase in clinical practice. However, there is significant heterogeneity in patient selection, timing of implantation, and post-implantation management across centers and operators.
Purpose
We sought to develop and smartphone app-based clinical decision-making tool to help bedside selection and post-implantation management of MCS devices in patients presenting with cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest.
Methods
The MCS-Aid app will consistent of 3 major sections: (i) initial device selection based on clinical presentation (patients with cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest post-ROSC); (ii) guide for escalation or addition of MCS based on the individual hemodynamic scenario; (iii) guide for weaning after implantation of MCS device. The app will have an interactive interface that will allow the user to select the most appropriate next step in management based on the clinical information being entered. A calculator to derive key hemodynamic parameters (e.g. cardiac power output or pulmonary artery pulsatility index) will be incorporated in the App to inform clinical decision-making when appropriate. An example of an algorithm that will be part of the MCS-Aid app is illustrated in the figure.
Conclusions
The MCS-Aid app is an user-friendly bedside clinical decision tool that could help fellows-in-training, early-career interventionalist and interventional cardiologist to select the appropriate MCS device according to the individual clinical and hemodynamic scenario.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Abiomed
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giustino
- Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , United States of America
| | - G W Serrao
- Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , United States of America
| | | | - A Vengrenyuk
- Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , United States of America
| | - H Kyaw
- Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , United States of America
| | - U Gidwani
- Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , United States of America
| | - S K Sharma
- Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , United States of America
| | - A Kini
- Mount Sinai Hospital , New York , United States of America
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Mendieta Badimon G, Mehta S, Baber U, Collier T, Dangas G, Sharma SK, Cohen DJ, Angiolillo D, Briguori C, Escaned J, Gabriel Steg P, Huber K, Michael Gibson C, Pocock S, Mehran R. Effect of aspirin discontinuation according to individualised patient bleeding and ischemic risks after PCI: a TWILIGHT trial sub-analysis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The TWILIGHT trial demonstrated a reduction in BARC 2, 3 or 5 (BARC-235) bleeding without an increase in ischemic events at 1-year in high-risk PCI patients randomized to placebo or aspirin (ASA) on a background of ticagrelor 3-months after PCI. However, the effect of ASA discontinuation according to baseline risk of bleeding and ischemic events remain unclear.
Purpose
To a) develop separate models to predict the risk of bleeding and ischemic events, and b) to assess treatment effect of ASA discontinuation across the risk strata.
Methods
Using the TWILIGHT patient database (N=7,119), two multivariable models, one for BARC-235 bleeding and one for CV death, nonfatal MI or nonfatal ischemic stroke (ischemic endpoint) were developed, and their predictive capacity was assessed. The effect of randomized treatment on bleeding and ischemic events across different patient risk-group categories as determined by the risk scores was investigated.
Results
At 1-year, 350 (5.4%) patients experienced a BARC-235 bleeding event and 258 (3.6%) experienced an ischemic event. Independent predictors of BARC-235 included haemoglobin levels at index PCI, proton-pump inhibitor non-use at discharge, age, liver disease and active smoking (c-statistic 0.64). Independent predictors of the ischemic outcome included a positive troponin ACS, prior CABG, diabetes, age, peripheral artery disease, prior PCI, a history of congestive heart failure, active smoking, the level of index PCI complexity, and prior MI (c-statistic 0.71). The risk of a BARC-235 almost doubled between patients in lower versus higher bleeding risk categories (4.3% versus 7.9%) and ischemic risk more than tripled between patients in lower versus higher ischemic risk categories (2.0% versus 7.0%) (see Figure 1). There was no evidence of a differential treatment effect for dual antiplatelet therapy versus ticagrelor monotherapy across the different risk categories of bleeding (interaction P=0.54) and ischemic risk (interaction P=0.95) (Table 1).
Conclusion
Individual patient bleeding and ischemic risks after PCI can both be readily characterised with good discrimination. The effect of ASA discontinuation in preventing bleeding in ticagrelor-treated patients was consistent regardless of baseline bleeding risk. There was no evidence for increased ischemic events with ASA discontinuation according to baseline ischemic risk.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): AstraZenecaIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Mehta
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences , Hamilton , Canada
| | - U Baber
- The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Cardiology , Oklahoma City , United States of America
| | - T Collier
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Medical Statistics , London , United Kingdom
| | - G Dangas
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - S K Sharma
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
| | - D J Cohen
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY 10019, USA & St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, NY 11576 , New York , United States of America
| | - D Angiolillo
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Cardiology , Jacksonville , United States of America
| | - C Briguori
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro , Naples , Italy
| | - J Escaned
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISCC, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - P Gabriel Steg
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Trials and INSERM , Paris , France
| | - K Huber
- Wilhelminen Hospital, Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, 3rd Department of Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| | - C Michael Gibson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center & Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular Medicine , Boston , United States of America
| | - S Pocock
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Medical Statistics , London , United Kingdom
| | - R Mehran
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York City , United States of America
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Manyapu V, Lepcha A, Sharma SK, Kumar R. Role of psychrotrophic bacteria and cold-active enzymes in composting methods adopted in cold regions. Adv Appl Microbiol 2022; 121:1-26. [PMID: 36328730 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent composting is a challenging task but is worthy if it is done in the right manner. Cold composting has been known to be practiced since ancient times but there were not enough advancements to overcome the long mesophilic phase and bring the compost maturation to a short period. The composting processes that have been well practiced are discussed and the role of psychrotrophic bacteria that produce cold tolerant hydrolytic enzymes has been highlighted. In this chapter, the mechanism of substrate degradation has been elaborated to better understand the need of specific bacteria for a specific kind of substrate allowing fast and efficient decomposition. This chapter attempts to pave an appropriate way and suggest the best-suited method of composting for efficient production of compost by the conservation of heat in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Manyapu
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ayush Lepcha
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakshak Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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22
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Tiwari V, Ali FB, Patra A, Dhiman A, Sharma SK. The conundrum of olecranon aperture and its relation to the distal end of the humerus in a modern Indian population: An anatomical and surgical perspective. Morphologie 2022; 107:199-206. [PMID: 36127255 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to clarify the morphology of the olecranon aperture (OA) of the humerus with its relationship to the distal end of the humerus (epicondylar width) and the width of the medullary canal. METHODS In total, 156 dry adult humeri were examined for the presence of OA. When present, we reported their shape, measured transverse (TD) and vertical diameter (VD), the distance from its medial border to the tip of medial epicondyle (D1), lateral border to the tip of lateral epicondyle (D2) and lower border to the tip of trochlea (D3). The epicondylar width (EW) and the width of the medullary canal were also measured in all the humeri. RESULTS OA was reported in 32 humeri (20.6%) with left side predominance, translucent septum in 35.8%, and opaque septum in 43.6%. The most typical shape noted was oval. On right side, mean VD and TD was 4.30±0.54mm and 5.85±0.45mm, respectively, whereas on left, these value were 4.21±0.56mm and 5.64±0.43mm, respectively. The mean of D1, D2 and D3 was 25.86±0.43mm, 26.50±0.28mm and 15.07±0.53mm on right and 24.80±0.41mm, 26.84±0.21mm and 15.81±0.31mm on left with significant difference (P<0.05). The medullary canal was significantly smaller in humeri with OA. CONCLUSION Topographic location of OA may have possible role in determining safe zone for retrograde nailing in supracondylar humeral fractures. Since OA has a direct relation to the size of the intramedullary canal, it is crucial during preoperative planning and choosing an adequate surgical approach involving lower segment of humerus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tiwari
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - F B Ali
- Government Medical College Ratlam, Ratlam, India
| | - A Patra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - A Dhiman
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, India
| | - S K Sharma
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bathinda, Bathinda, Punjab, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, India
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23
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Sharma SK, Mandal TK, Banoo R, Rai A, Rani M. Long-Term Variation in Carbonaceous Components of PM 2.5 from 2012 to 2021 in Delhi. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 109:502-510. [PMID: 35322279 PMCID: PMC8942158 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbonaceous species [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), elemental matter (EM), primary organic carbon (POC), secondary organic carbon (SOC), total carbon (TC), and total carbonaceous matter (TCM)] of PM2.5 were analyzed to study the seasonal variability and long-term trend of carbonaceous aerosols (CAs) in megacity Delhi, India from January, 2012 to April, 2021. The average concentrations (± standard deviation) of PM2.5, OC, EC, TC, EM, TCM, POC and SOC were 127 ± 77, 15.7 ± 11.6, 7.4 ± 5.1, 23.1 ± 16.5, 8.2 ± 5.6, 33.3 ± 23.9, 9.3 ± 6.3 and 6.5 ± 5.3 µg m-3, respectively during the sampling period (10-year average). The average CAs accounted for 26% of PM2.5 concentration during the entire sampling period. In addition, the seasonal variations in PM2.5, OC, EC, POC, SOC, and TCM levels were recorded with maxima in post-monsoon and minima in monsoon seasons. The linear relationship of OC and EC, OC/EC and EC/TC ratios suggested that the vehicular emissions (VE), fossil fuel combustion (FFC) and biomass burning (BB) are the major sources of CAs at megacity Delhi, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sharma
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
| | - T K Mandal
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - R Banoo
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - A Rai
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - M Rani
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K S Krishnan Road, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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24
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Farley KA, Stack KM, Shuster DL, Horgan BHN, Hurowitz JA, Tarnas JD, Simon JI, Sun VZ, Scheller EL, Moore KR, McLennan SM, Vasconcelos PM, Wiens RC, Treiman AH, Mayhew LE, Beyssac O, Kizovski TV, Tosca NJ, Williford KH, Crumpler LS, Beegle LW, Bell JF, Ehlmann BL, Liu Y, Maki JN, Schmidt ME, Allwood AC, Amundsen HEF, Bhartia R, Bosak T, Brown AJ, Clark BC, Cousin A, Forni O, Gabriel TSJ, Goreva Y, Gupta S, Hamran SE, Herd CDK, Hickman-Lewis K, Johnson JR, Kah LC, Kelemen PB, Kinch KB, Mandon L, Mangold N, Quantin-Nataf C, Rice MS, Russell PS, Sharma S, Siljeström S, Steele A, Sullivan R, Wadhwa M, Weiss BP, Williams AJ, Wogsland BV, Willis PA, Acosta-Maeda TA, Beck P, Benzerara K, Bernard S, Burton AS, Cardarelli EL, Chide B, Clavé E, Cloutis EA, Cohen BA, Czaja AD, Debaille V, Dehouck E, Fairén AG, Flannery DT, Fleron SZ, Fouchet T, Frydenvang J, Garczynski BJ, Gibbons EF, Hausrath EM, Hayes AG, Henneke J, Jørgensen JL, Kelly EM, Lasue J, Le Mouélic S, Madariaga JM, Maurice S, Merusi M, Meslin PY, Milkovich SM, Million CC, Moeller RC, Núñez JI, Ollila AM, Paar G, Paige DA, Pedersen DAK, Pilleri P, Pilorget C, Pinet PC, Rice JW, Royer C, Sautter V, Schulte M, Sephton MA, Sharma SK, Sholes SF, Spanovich N, St Clair M, Tate CD, Uckert K, VanBommel SJ, Yanchilina AG, Zorzano MP. Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars. Science 2022; 377:eabo2196. [PMID: 36007009 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, to investigate ancient lake and river deposits. We report observations of the crater floor, below the crater's sedimentary delta, finding the floor consists of igneous rocks altered by water. The lowest exposed unit, informally named Séítah, is a coarsely crystalline olivine-rich rock, which accumulated at the base of a magma body. Fe-Mg carbonates along grain boundaries indicate reactions with CO2-rich water, under water-poor conditions. Overlying Séítah is a unit informally named Máaz, which we interpret as lava flows or the chemical complement to Séítah in a layered igneous body. Voids in these rocks contain sulfates and perchlorates, likely introduced by later near-surface brine evaporation. Core samples of these rocks were stored aboard Perseverance for potential return to Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Farley
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - K M Stack
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - D L Shuster
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - B H N Horgan
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - J A Hurowitz
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - J D Tarnas
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J I Simon
- Center for Isotope Cosmochemistry and Geochronology, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - V Z Sun
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - E L Scheller
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - K R Moore
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - S M McLennan
- Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - P M Vasconcelos
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - R C Wiens
- Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - A H Treiman
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - L E Mayhew
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - O Beyssac
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - T V Kizovski
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - N J Tosca
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - K H Williford
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - L S Crumpler
- New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM 8710, USA
| | - L W Beegle
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J F Bell
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - B L Ehlmann
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J N Maki
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - M E Schmidt
- Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - A C Allwood
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - H E F Amundsen
- Center for Space Sensors and Systems, University of Oslo, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - R Bhartia
- Photon Systems Inc., Covina, CA 91725, USA
| | - T Bosak
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A J Brown
- Plancius Research, Severna Park, MD 21146, USA
| | - B C Clark
- Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - A Cousin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etude Spatiale, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - O Forni
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etude Spatiale, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - T S J Gabriel
- Astrogeology Science Center, US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - Y Goreva
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - S Gupta
- Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - S-E Hamran
- Center for Space Sensors and Systems, University of Oslo, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - C D K Herd
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - K Hickman-Lewis
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - J R Johnson
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - L C Kah
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - P B Kelemen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - K B Kinch
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Mandon
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - N Mangold
- Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nantes Université, Université Angers, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - C Quantin-Nataf
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - M S Rice
- Department of Geology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA
| | - P S Russell
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - S Sharma
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - S Siljeström
- Department of Methodology, Textiles and Medical Technology, Research Institutes of Sweden, 11486 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Steele
- Earth and Planetary Laboratory, Carnegie Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - R Sullivan
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - M Wadhwa
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - B P Weiss
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.,Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A J Williams
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - B V Wogsland
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - P A Willis
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - T A Acosta-Maeda
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - P Beck
- Institut de Planétologie et Astrophysique de Grenoble, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - K Benzerara
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Bernard
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A S Burton
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - E L Cardarelli
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - B Chide
- Planetary Exploration Team, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - E Clavé
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Bordeaux, France
| | - E A Cloutis
- Centre for Terrestrial and Planetary Exploration, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - B A Cohen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - A D Czaja
- Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - V Debaille
- Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Dehouck
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A G Fairén
- Centro de Astrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, 28850 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - D T Flannery
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - S Z Fleron
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Fouchet
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - J Frydenvang
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B J Garczynski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - E F Gibbons
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E8, Canada
| | - E M Hausrath
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - A G Hayes
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - J Henneke
- National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J L Jørgensen
- National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - E M Kelly
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - J Lasue
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etude Spatiale, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - S Le Mouélic
- Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nantes Université, Université Angers, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - J M Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - S Maurice
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etude Spatiale, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - M Merusi
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P-Y Meslin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etude Spatiale, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - S M Milkovich
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | - R C Moeller
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J I Núñez
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - A M Ollila
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - G Paar
- Institute for Information and Communication Technologies, Joanneum Research, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - D A Paige
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - D A K Pedersen
- National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - P Pilleri
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etude Spatiale, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - C Pilorget
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - P C Pinet
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre National d'Etude Spatiale, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - J W Rice
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - C Royer
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - V Sautter
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Schulte
- Mars Exploration Program, Planetary Science Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA
| | - M A Sephton
- Department of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - S K Sharma
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - S F Sholes
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - N Spanovich
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - M St Clair
- Million Concepts, Louisville, KY 40204, USA
| | - C D Tate
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - K Uckert
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - S J VanBommel
- McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - M-P Zorzano
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Balyan AK, Ahuja S, Lilhore UK, Sharma SK, Manoharan P, Algarni AD, Elmannai H, Raahemifar K. A Hybrid Intrusion Detection Model Using EGA-PSO and Improved Random Forest Method. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22165986. [PMID: 36015744 PMCID: PMC9414798 DOI: 10.3390/s22165986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rapid growth in IT technology, digital data have increased availability, creating novel security threats that need immediate attention. An intrusion detection system (IDS) is the most promising solution for preventing malicious intrusions and tracing suspicious network behavioral patterns. Machine learning (ML) methods are widely used in IDS. Due to a limited training dataset, an ML-based IDS generates a higher false detection ratio and encounters data imbalance issues. To deal with the data-imbalance issue, this research develops an efficient hybrid network-based IDS model (HNIDS), which is utilized using the enhanced genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization(EGA-PSO) and improved random forest (IRF) methods. In the initial phase, the proposed HNIDS utilizes hybrid EGA-PSO methods to enhance the minor data samples and thus produce a balanced data set to learn the sample attributes of small samples more accurately. In the proposed HNIDS, a PSO method improves the vector. GA is enhanced by adding a multi-objective function, which selects the best features and achieves improved fitness outcomes to explore the essential features and helps minimize dimensions, enhance the true positive rate (TPR), and lower the false positive rate (FPR). In the next phase, an IRF eliminates the less significant attributes, incorporates a list of decision trees across each iterative process, supervises the classifier's performance, and prevents overfitting issues. The performance of the proposed method and existing ML methods are tested using the benchmark datasets NSL-KDD. The experimental findings demonstrated that the proposed HNIDS method achieves an accuracy of 98.979% on BCC and 88.149% on MCC for the NSL-KDD dataset, which is far better than the other ML methods i.e., SVM, RF, LR, NB, LDA, and CART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Balyan
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Ahuja
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Poongodi Manoharan
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 500001, Qatar
| | - Abeer D. Algarni
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hela Elmannai
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaamran Raahemifar
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Program, Penn State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada
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Mondal A, Mondal A, Aziz-Alaoui MA, Upadhyay RK, Sharma SK, Antonopoulos CG. The generation of diverse traveling pulses and its solution scheme in an excitable slow-fast dynamics. Chaos 2022; 32:083121. [PMID: 36049912 DOI: 10.1063/5.0084606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report on the generation and propagation of traveling pulses in a homogeneous network of diffusively coupled, excitable, slow-fast dynamical neurons. The spatially extended system is modeled using the nearest neighbor coupling theory, in which the diffusion part measures the spatial distribution of coupling topology. We derive analytically the conditions for traveling wave profiles that allow the construction of the shape of traveling nerve impulses. The analytical and numerical results are used to explore the nature of propagating pulses. The symmetric or asymmetric nature of traveling pulses is characterized, and the wave velocity is derived as a function of system parameters. Moreover, we present our results for an extended excitable medium by considering a slow-fast biophysical model with a homogeneous, diffusive coupling that can exhibit various traveling pulses. The appearance of series of pulses is an interesting phenomenon from biophysical and dynamical perspective. Varying the perturbation and coupling parameters, we observe the propagation of activities with various amplitude modulations and transition phases of different wave profiles that affect the speed of pulses in certain parameter regimes. We observe different types of traveling pulses, such as envelope solitons and multi-bump solutions, and show how system parameters and coupling play a major role in the formation of different traveling pulses. Finally, we obtain the conditions for stable and unstable plane waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mondal
- Department of Mathematics and Computing, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Argha Mondal
- Department of Mathematics, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia 723104, West Bengal, India
| | - M A Aziz-Alaoui
- Normandie Univ, UNIHAVRE, LMAH, FR-CNRS-3335, ISCN, 76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Mathematics and Computing, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Department of Mathematics and Computing, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Chris G Antonopoulos
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
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Sharma SK, Rangaswamy PH, Pradhan D, Fecht HJ, Ram S. Structural ordering at magnetic seeds with twins at boundaries of a core-shell alloy Mn 60Bi 40and tailored magnetic properties. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:405703. [PMID: 35671715 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac7652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A spin Mn3d5-rich Mn60Bi40alloy reveals a model system in order to tailor profound magnetic properties at unpaired 3d5spins in such alloys of a core-shell structure. As annealed (at a critical temperature 573 K in H2gas), a refined powder (in glycine) grows onα-MnBi seeds (crystallites) present in it at Mn/Bi atoms order over topological layers, preferentially along (110) planes, at a self-confined structure at seeds of an anisotropic shape of hexagonal (h) plates (25-85 nm widths). In terms of the HRTEM images, the atoms turn down at edges (at the plates grow up) in a spiral layer, ≤ 2.1 nm thickness, of small core-shells. A spin model is proposed to delineate a way at the spins can pin down at the edges, form single magnetic domains, and raise coercivity (Hc), with no much loss of net magnetic moment. The X-ray diffraction and HRTEM images corroborate the results of topological pacing of atoms at the h-plates at anneals. A novelty is that a core-shell leads to tailor a superbHc, as much as 11.110 kOe (16.370 kOe at 350 K), with a fairly large magnetization, 76.5 emu g-1, at near 300 K. An enhanced Curie point 650.1 K (628 K at Mn50Bi50alloy) confers a surplus 3d5-Mn spin sensitively tunesα-MnBi stoichiometry and so its final magnetic structure. A refined alloy powder so made is useful to make powerful magnets and devices in the forms of films and bonded magnets in different shapes for uses as small tools, tweezers, and other devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, India
| | | | - Debabrata Pradhan
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, India
| | - Hans-Jörg Fecht
- Institute of Functional Nanosystems, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee-47 D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shanker Ram
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, India
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Yadav S, Kalal N, Sharma SK, Deora S. Effect of nurse-led lifestyle modification follow up program on health outcomes and quality of life among post myocardial infarction patients: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvac060.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
India has among the world's highest burden of cardiovascular disease, potentially contributed by myocardial infarction. Despite growing trouble, there are no known post-discharge programs & randomized trials reporting health status outcomes & quality of life among post-myocardial infarction patients. Cardiac rehabilitation programs reduce mortality, therefore, it is crucial to understand the local burden of the disease, common challenges, public perceptions, develop timely & effective interventional programs.
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a nurse-led lifestyle modification follow-up program on health outcomes & quality of life among post-myocardial infarction patients.
Methods
A two-arm randomized controlled trial was adopted & 104 post-myocardial infarction patients were recruited from August to December 2021. An equal number of participants were randomly assigned to intervention & control group by random number table generator. The control group patients received routine care, while the intervention group was provided routine care along with a nurse-led lifestyle modification follow-up program(health education, educational booklet, & telephone follow- up). A low-cost intervention based on information-motivation-behavioural skill model was developed. It was designed according to the needs of patients to know their risk factors, help patients establish a knowledge base, & adapt to the post-illness lifestyle changes. Data were assessed & compared by using the demographic datasheet, health outcomes datasheet, & MacNew heart disease quality of life questionnaire. All evaluations were conducted at baseline after 12 weeks post-discharge, by face-to-face interview & biophysiological measurements.
Results
The nurse-led lifestyle modification follow-up program was convenient for clinical application. The intervention group showed a appreciable improvement in low density lipoprotein(p=0.045), systolic blood pressure(p=0.009), diastolic blood pressure(p=0.044), body mass index(p=0.043), and NT ProBNP(p=0.007). The program effectively improved the lifestyle behaviours thereby considerably improving the quality of life in all the subscales-physical, emotional & social (p<0.001) after 12 weeks of discharge.
Conclusion
In the Indian context, it is a novel & extensive approach to improve access to health care and emphasizes post-discharge self-management. The greatest benefit of this program was allowing the intervention group participants to consult with us immediately. Since lifestyles vary among different individuals, we considered individuality when providing education & involving them in implementation of an intervention to enhance their confidence & ultimately achieve optimal health outcomes & quality of life. The findings of this study are important for health care professionals caring for post-myocardial infarction patients & direct incorporation of such programs into routine practice to reduce morbidity & mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yadav
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Nursing , Jodhpur , India
| | - N Kalal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Nursing , Jodhpur , India
| | - S K Sharma
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Nursing , Jodhpur , India
| | - S Deora
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Cardiology , Jodhpur , India
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Kasaudhan SM, Ghimire A, Sharma SK, Baral D, Jha N, Singh SB. Undiagnosed and Uncontrolled Hypertension and Access to Health Care among Residents of an Urban Area of Eastern Nepal: a Cross-sectional Study. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:273-279. [PMID: 37042365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Background The burden and complication of hypertension is increasing as most of the people living with hypertension are unaware of their condition and those who are already diagnosed with it do not have their blood pressure under control. Objective To assess the prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension among residents of Itahari sub metropolitan city of eastern Nepal, along with its associated socio demographic and behavioral risk factors and access to health care services. Method Cross sectional study was conducted in five wards of Itahari, among 1161 participants, using population proportionate to sample size sampling technique. Face to face interview was conducted with participants for data collection applying semi- structured questionnaire and physical measurement like blood pressure, weight and height. Result Prevalence of hypertension was 26.5% includingundiagnosed 11.0% and previously diagnosed 15.5%. Among diagnosed, 76.6% had uncontrolled blood pressure and 56.70% were taking anti-hypertensive medicine, and 7.8% were under Ayurvedic medicine. More than 70% participants preferred private health facility for treatment and 22.7% had faced financial barrier to seek healthcare. About 64% of participants did not visit health services or had visited only once in past six months. Increasing age, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking status and positive family history were found to be significantly associated with hypertension at < 0.05 level. Conclusion Prevalence of hypertension is high and awareness regarding available health services in local primary health center and its utilization is lacking among participants. Regular screening program for hypertension and awareness program to disseminate the knowledge of availability of primary health center should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kasaudhan
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, BP. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - A Ghimire
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, BP. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S K Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, BP. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - D Baral
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, BP. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - N Jha
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, BP. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S B Singh
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, BP. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Koirala B, Adhikari SR, Shrestha A, Vaidya A, Aryal KK, Kalaunee SP, Shrestha A, Mishra SR, Sharma SK, Karki A, Maharjan B, Singh S, Schwarz D, Gupta N, Bukhman G, Karmacharya BM. A National Equity Initiative to Address Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries: Findings and Recommendation from the Nepal NCDI Poverty Commission. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:376-383. [PMID: 37042383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the burden of NCDIs across socioeconomic groups, their economic impact, existing health service readiness and availability, current policy frameworks and national investment, and planned programmatic initiatives in Nepal through a comprehensive literature review. Secondary data from Global Burden of Disease estimates from GBD 2015 and National Living Standard Survey 2011 were used to estimate the burden of NCDI and present the relationship of NCDI burden with socioeconomic status. The Commission used these data to define priority NCDI conditions and recommend potential cost-effective, poverty-averting, and equity-promoting health system interventions. NCDIs disproportionately affect the health and well-being of poorer populations in Nepal and cause significant impoverishment. The Commission found a high diversity of NCDIs in Nepal, with approximately 60% of the morbidity and mortality caused by NCDIs without primary quantified behavioral or metabolic risk factors, and nearly half of all NCDI-related DALYs occurring in Nepalese younger than 40 years. The Commission prioritized an expanded set of twenty-five NCDI conditions and recommended introduction or scale-up of twenty-three evidence-based health sector interventions. Implementation of these interventions would avert an estimated 9680 premature deaths per annum by 2030 and would cost approximately $8.76 per capita. The Commission modelled potential financing mechanisms, including increased excise taxation on tobacco, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened beverages, which would provide significant revenue for NCDI-related expenditures. Overall, the Commission's conclusions are expected to be a valuable contribution to equitable NCDI planning in Nepal and similar resource-constrained settings globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Koirala
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery,Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. and Kathmandu Institute of Child Health, Budhanilkantha, Kathmandu
| | - S R Adhikari
- Tribhuvan University Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Central Department of Economics, Kritipur, Kathmandu
| | - A Shrestha
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre
| | - A Vaidya
- Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Department of Community Medicine, Sinamangal, Kathmandu
| | - K K Aryal
- Bergen Center for Ethics and Priority Setting in Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen
| | | | - A Shrestha
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre
| | - S R Mishra
- Nepal Development Society, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - S K Sharma
- B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan
| | - A Karki
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University
| | - B Maharjan
- Kathmandu Institute of Child Health, Budhanilkantha, Kathmandu
| | - S Singh
- Kathmandu Institute of Child Health, Budhanilkantha, Kathmandu
| | - D Schwarz
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Global Health Equity; Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine
| | - N Gupta
- Center for Integration Science, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Program in Global NCDs and Social Change, Harvard Medical School; NCD Synergies Project, Partners In Health; NCDI Poverty Network, Boston, USA
| | - G Bukhman
- Center for Integration Science, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Program in Global NCDs and Social Change, Harvard Medical School; NCD Synergies Project, Partners In Health; NCDI Poverty Network, Boston, USA
| | - B M Karmacharya
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre
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Kalra S, Dhar M, Afsana F, Aggarwal P, Aye TT, Bantwal G, Barua M, Bhattacharya S, Das AK, Das S, Dasgupta A, Dhakal G, Dhingra A, Esfahanian F, Gadve S, Jacob J, Kapoor N, Latheef A, Mahadeb Y, Maskey R, Naseri W, Ratnasingam J, Raza A, Saboo B, Sahay R, Shah M, Shaikh S, Sharma SK, Shrestha D, Somasundaram N, Tiwaskar M, Jawdekar A. Asian Best Practices for Care of Diabetes in Elderly (ABCDE). Rev Diabet Stud 2022; 18:100-134. [PMID: 35831938 PMCID: PMC10044048 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2022.18.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly population with diabetes is diverse with the majority experiencing a decline in physical and mental capabilities, impacting the entire diabetes management process. Therefore, a need for geriatric-specific guidelines, especially for the Asian population, was identified and
subsequently developed by an expert panel across government and private institutions from several Asian countries. The panel considered clinical evidence (landmark trials, position papers, expert opinions), recommendations from several important societies along with their decades of clinical
experience and expertise, while meticulously devising thorough geriatric-specific tailored management strategies. The creation of the ABCDE best practices document underscores and explores the gaps and challenges and determines optimal methods for diabetes management of the elderly population
in the Asian region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sambit Das
- Dr.Sambit's Centre of Diabetes and Endocrinology, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ali Latheef
- National Diabetes Centre, Indira Gandhi Memorial, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Abbas Raza
- Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Pakistan
| | - Banshi Saboo
- Diabetes Care and Hormone Clinic, Ahmedabad, India
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Sharma SK, Adhikari S, Shah N, Aebischer Perone S, Lab B, Heller O, Chappuis F. Familial hypercholesterolemia in community-based KHDC Nepal program-baseline data. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac056.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): HUG and Republic and Canton of Geneva – Service de solidarité internationaleBP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is either underdiagnosed or diagnosed after primary coronary events. Although homozygous variant of FH is considered rare, heterozygous FH is estimated to occur in about 1 in 200 to 300 individuals. There is no study pertaining to prevalence of FH in Nepal which could be a factor influencing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
We present a baseline data of FH in an ongoing in participants of community-based cardiovascular and kidney diseases preventive (KHDC Nepal) program in Mechinagar municipality in Eastern Nepal.
KHDC is a program to collaborate among health post, primary health center or equivalent, and local government along with community representatives created to educate, screen, and intervene for selective NCDs. This program is in alignment with the World Health Organization’s Package of Essential Noncommunicable (WHO PEN) disease interventions for primary health care in low-resource settings. General health status and lifestyle habits, physical examination, and blood pressure were assessed. Blood tests done included fasting lipid profile, serum creatinine, FBS, and HbA1c. A mechanism was developed to follow-up screened positive persons in the primary health centers. Referrals were made to the tertiary care center as needed.
We analyzed initial 7289 participants, 20 years or above, who were enrolled in KHDC program in the year 2020. We assessed for FH using Dutch Lipid Clinic Network(DLCN), Simon Broome and AHA criteria. Participants were categorized as definite, probable, possible, or no FH based on the scores of DLCN criteria; as definite and probable based on Simon Broome criteria and as clinically diagnosed FH based on AHA criteria.
The median age of the patient was 54 years, the majority being females (62.7%). A total of 70(0.96%) of the participants had elevated LDL-C levels of more than 190mg/dl detected during the screening and had no secondary cause for hyperlipidemia. According to DLCN criteria, 65(0.89%) participants were grouped under possible FH, 5(0.06%) were grouped under probable FH while none of them could be delineated as definite FH. According to Simon Broome criteria, 14(0.2%) participants were grouped under probable and none of them could be delineated as definite. According to AHA criteria, 10 (0.13%) participants were categorized as clinically diagnosed FH. DNA analysis was not available in our setup. Clinically manifested atherosclerotic disease was recorded in 5 participants. None of the participants were aware of the FH.
This community-based program of the adult population help create baseline data of FH in Nepal. Larger study with genetic analysis is likely to reveal true prevalence of FH in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sharma
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S Adhikari
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - N Shah
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | | | - B Lab
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Heller
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Chappuis
- Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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Verma V, Sharma SK. Critical Analysis of Existing Punjabi Grammar Checker and a Proposed Hybrid Framework Involving Machine Learning and Rule-Base Criteria. ACM T ASIAN LOW-RESO 2022. [DOI: 10.1145/3514237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An important area of research involving Artificial Intelligence (AI) is Natural Language Processing (NLP). The objective of training a machine is to imitate and manipulate text and speech of humans. Progressive research is undertaken to find connection between humans and their usage of language commonly used being referred as Natural Language. Various tools for different languages have been developed for operating the natural languages widely used by public. NLP integrates various disciplines and works cohesively for processing text, Information Retrieval, AI etc. One such tool used for checking the accuracy of a given sentence in any language is referred to as a Grammar Checker. So a Grammar checker of a particular language explores grammatical errors (if any) and provide remedial suggestions for correction of the same. Such feature is imbibed by virtue of Natural Language Processing using Computational Linguistics. We have justified the need of an emerging Machine Learning technique by critically evaluating existing Punjabi Grammar checker that was developed earlier in light of certain real time cases. This process is accomplished by critically evaluating the output of each phase and identifying the component accountable for generating maximum errors and false alarms. Based on this analysis, we have proposed a hybrid framework as an efficient way of analyzing correction in sentences. This is attainable through the said booming technique of Machine Learning explicitly using Deep Neural Networks in combination with existing rule-based approach. It's a novel approach as no work using machine learning has been done earlier in Punjabi Grammar Checker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Verma
- Department of Computer Science and Applications, DAV University, India
| | - S K Sharma
- Department of Computer Science and Applications, DAV University, India
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Campbell R, Ducreux L, Cowan G, Young V, Chinoko G, Chitedze G, Kwendani S, Chiipanthenga M, Bita CE, Mwenye O, Were H, Torrance L, Sharma SK, Hancock RD, Bryan GJ, Taylor M. Allelic variants of a potato
HEAT SHOCK COGNATE 70
gene confer improved tuber yield under a wide range of environmental conditions. Food Energy Secur 2022; 12:e377. [PMID: 37035023 PMCID: PMC10078605 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we developed and applied a glasshouse screen for potato tuber yield under heat stress and identified a candidate gene (HSc70) for heat tolerance by genetic analysis of a diploid potato population. Specific allelic variants were expressed at high levels on exposure to moderately elevated temperature due to variations in gene promoter sequence. In this study, we aimed to confirm the results from the glasshouse screen in field trials conducted over several seasons and locations including those in Kenya, Malawi and the UK. We extend our understanding of the HSc70 gene and demonstrate that expression level of HSc70 correlates with tolerance to heat stress in a wide range of wild potato relatives. The physiological basis of the protective effect of HSc70 was explored and we show that genotypes carrying the highly expressed HSc70 A2 allele are protected against photooxidative damage to PSII induced by abiotic stresses. Overall, we show the potential of HSc70 alleles for breeding resilient potato genotypes for multiple environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Campbell
- Cell and Molecular Sciences The James Hutton Institute Dundee UK
| | - Laurence Ducreux
- Cell and Molecular Sciences The James Hutton Institute Dundee UK
| | - Graham Cowan
- Cell and Molecular Sciences The James Hutton Institute Dundee UK
| | | | | | - Gloria Chitedze
- Department of Agricultural Research Services Bvumbwe Agricultural Research Station Limbe Malawi
| | - Stanley Kwendani
- Department of Agricultural Research Services Bvumbwe Agricultural Research Station Limbe Malawi
| | - Margaret Chiipanthenga
- Department of Agricultural Research Services Bvumbwe Agricultural Research Station Limbe Malawi
| | | | | | - Hassan Were
- Department of Agriculture and Land Use Management Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Kakamega Kenya
| | - Lesley Torrance
- Cell and Molecular Sciences The James Hutton Institute Dundee UK
- School of Biology Biomolecular Sciences Building University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | | | | | - Glenn J. Bryan
- Cell and Molecular Sciences The James Hutton Institute Dundee UK
| | - Mark Taylor
- Cell and Molecular Sciences The James Hutton Institute Dundee UK
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Raina P, Singh SK, Goswami AK, Kashyap MK, Khullar M, Sharma SK, Barwal KC. MN/CA9 gene expression as a potential tumor marker for renal cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:333-343. [PMID: 34716861 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MN/CA9 is a cell surface glycoprotein and a tumor-associated antigen. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell proliferation and oncogenesis. There is no ideal tumor marker currently available for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with sufficient sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, we studied MN/CA9 gene expression in the tumor tissue, apparently normal kidney tissue, preoperative blood, and urine samples of patients with RCC. We included thirty cases of renal tumors (26 RCC and 4 benign tumors) in the study. We applied an RT-PCR assay for MN/CA9 gene expression to 26 RCC kidney tumor samples and four benign kidney tumor tissue samples. We also evaluated MN/CA9 gene expression in preoperative blood and urine samples of 15 of these cases. Additionally, thirty-five grossly normal renal tissue samples, including 21 from kidneys with RCC, were also evaluated for gene expression. The RT-PCR analysis revealed that twenty-one out of 26 RCC tissue samples showed MN/CA9 gene expression compared to three out of 35 non-malignant renal tissue samples (p < 0.05). Two out of four benign renal tissue samples also expressed this gene. We also observed MN/CA9 gene expression in nine out of 15 blood samples and four out of 15 urine samples. All patients with urinary MN/CA9 gene expression showed expression in blood and tumor tissue samples. We found a correlation in terms of MN/CA9 expression between blood and tumor tissue samples of RCC patients as those who exhibit MN/CA9 expression in blood were also positive at the tumor tissue levels. The difference in MN/CA9 gene expression in tumor tissue, blood, and urine samples in relation to the stage of the disease, nuclear grade, and histological cell-type was not statistically significant. However, all the three patients who had metastatic RCC had MN/CA9 gene expression in their blood. The existence of a tumor-associated antigen such as MN/CA9 may present a possible target for molecular diagnosis and management of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamposh Raina
- Department of Urology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - S K Singh
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anil K Goswami
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Panchgaon (Manesar), Gurugram, HR, 122413, India
| | - Madhu Khullar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - S K Sharma
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Kailash Chander Barwal
- Department of Urology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Sharma SK, Mallick A, Singh DB, Tiwari GN. Experimental study of solar energy-based water purifier of single-slope type by incorporating a number of similar evacuated tubular collectors. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:6837-6856. [PMID: 34462858 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This research paper deals with the experimental investigation of solar energy-based water purifier (SEBWP) of single-slope type by incorporating N similar evacuated tubular collectors (ETCs) having series connection. Experimental investigation has been done for a year from August 2018 to July 2019. MATLAB has been used for evaluating performance parameters of the system followed by the validation of these results with their experimental values. A fair agreement has been found between theoretical and experimental values. Values of correlation coefficients for condensing glass temperature, water temperature, and water yield have been found to be 0.9932, 0.9928, and 0.9951 respectively. Further, energy metrics, productivity, cost of producing 1 kg of fresh water, and exergoeconomic and enviroeconomic parameters have been evaluated. Values of energy payback time, per kilogram cost of producing fresh water and exergy loss per unit Rs. have been evaluated to be 1.72 years, Rs. 0.95/kg, and 0.128 kWh/Rs. respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Ashis Mallick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - Desh Bandhu Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Bell Road, Clement Town, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India.
| | - Gopal Nath Tiwari
- Bag Energy Research Society, Jawahar Nager (Margupur), Chilkhar-22 17 01, Ballia, UP, India
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Chaturvedi H, Issac R, Sharma SK, Gupta R. Progressive left and right heart dysfunction in coronavirus disease-19: Prospective echocardiographic evaluation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 23:319-325. [PMID: 34904153 PMCID: PMC8754756 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Cardiac dysfunction in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has been reported during acute phase but serial changes have not been well studied. To determine serial changes in type and severity of echocardiographic left and right heart functions we performed a prospective study. Methods and results Successive COVID-19 patients at discharge from the hospital from June to December 2020 were enrolled. Clinical details were obtained and echocardiography was performed using Philips IE33X-Matrix. Follow-up evaluation was performed after 3 months. In total, 1789 COVID-19 patients were evaluated. Baseline echocardiography was performed in 1000 eligible patients (men 611, women 389). Mean age was 50.2 ± 15 years, hypertension was in 44.0%, diabetes in 49.4%, and coronary disease in 10.8%. COVID-19 was mild in 47.0%, moderate in 39.5%, and severe in 13.5%. Baseline cardiac parameters were more impaired in severe vs. moderate or mild COVID-19. At 3 months, in 632 patients where baseline and follow-up data were available, decline was observed in select left [left ventricular internal diameter in diastole +0.9 ± 0.2 mm, left atrial volume +7.6 ± 0.1 mL/m2, mitral E/e′ +4.8 ± 0.1, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) −3.7 ± 0.2%] and right [right ventricular internal diameter in diastole +2.1 ± 0.1 mm, right atrial internal dimension +1.6 ± 0.1 mm, tricuspid Vmax +1.0 ± 0.1 cm, and tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) −2.7 ± 0.2 mm] heart variables (P < 0.001). Compared to mild COVID-19, decline was significantly greater in moderate/severe disease, LVEF −1.1 ± 0.3 vs. −3.8 ± 0.3%; mitral E/e′ +3.2 ± 0.1 vs. +4.8 ± 0.1, tricuspid Vmax +0.3 ± 0.1 vs. +1.0 ± 0.1 cm, and TAPSE −0.7 ± 0.2 vs. −2.7 ± 0.2 mm (P < 0.001). Conclusion This study shows impaired cardiac functions in severe and moderate COVID-19 compared to mild at hospital discharge and progressive decline in left and right heart functions at 3 months. Impairment is significantly greater in patients with moderate to severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Chaturvedi
- Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Center and Research Institute, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Rohan Issac
- Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Center and Research Institute, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Center and Research Institute, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Eternal Heart Care Center and Research Institute, Jaipur 302017, India
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Baral R, Shrestha LB, Ortuño-Gutiérrez N, Pyakure P, Rai B, Rimal SP, Singh S, Sharma SK, Khanal B, Selvaraj K, Kumar AMV. Low yield but high levels of multidrug resistance in urinary tract infections in a tertiary hospital, Nepal. Public Health Action 2021; 11:70-76. [PMID: 34778019 DOI: 10.5588/pha.21.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING There are concerns about the occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in patients with urine tract infections (UTI) in Nepal. OBJECTIVE To determine culture positivity, trends in MDR among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections and seasonal changes in culture-positive UTI specimens isolated from 2014 to 2018 at the B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Eastern Nepal. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study using secondary laboratory data. RESULTS Among 116,417 urine samples tested, 19,671 (16.9%) were culture-positive, with an increasing trend in the number of samples tested and culture positivity. E. coli was the most common bacteria (54.3%), followed by K. pneumoniae (8.8%). Among E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, MDR was found in respectively 42.5% and 36.0%. MDR was higher in males and people aged >55 years, but showed a decreasing trend over the years. The numbers of isolates increased over the years, with a peak always observed from July to August. CONCLUSION Low culture positivity is worrying and requires further work into improving diagnostic protocols. Decreasing trends in MDR are a welcome sign. Information on seasonal changes that peak in July-August can help laboratories better prepare for this time with adequate buffer stocks to ensure culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baral
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal
| | - L B Shrestha
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal
| | | | - P Pyakure
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal
| | - B Rai
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal
| | - S P Rimal
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal
| | - S Singh
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal
| | - S K Sharma
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal
| | - B Khanal
- BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal
| | - K Selvaraj
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France.,The Union South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India.,Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (deemed University), Mangaluru, India
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Monga P, Sharma M, Sharma SK. A comprehensive meta-analysis of emerging swarm intelligent computing techniques and their research trend. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sharma SK, Choudhary D, Doval D, Khandelwal V, Setia R, Dadu T, Handoo A. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Hematological Malignancies: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India and Review of Indian Data. South Asian J Cancer 2021; 11:62-67. [PMID: 35833052 PMCID: PMC9273315 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the preferred treatment for high-risk and relapsed/refractory hematological malignancies. Moreover, with the improved supportive care and increasing acceptance of haploidentical transplantations as an alternative treatment modality, more patients are opting for HSCT as a definite treatment for hematological malignancies. We report here the real-world data and outcome of HSCT done for hematological malignancies at our transplant center. Five hundred and sixteen patients underwent HSCT from August 2010 to November 2019. The most common indications for allogeneic and autologous HSCT were acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma, respectively. The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival for all transplants were 65% and 33%, respectively. Though outcome of matched sibling donor allogeneic transplant is better than haploidentical donor (HID) transplant, patients having only HID can still be considered for allogeneic HSCT for high-risk diseases. The most common cause of death was infections followed by relapse of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Center for Bone Marrow Transplant, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharma Choudhary
- Center for Bone Marrow Transplant, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Doval
- Center for Bone Marrow Transplant, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vipin Khandelwal
- Center for Bone Marrow Transplant, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rasika Setia
- Center for Bone Marrow Transplant, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Tina Dadu
- Center for Bone Marrow Transplant, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Handoo
- Center for Bone Marrow Transplant, BLK Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Tavenier AH, Chiarito M, Cao D, Pivato CA, Nicolas J, Nardin M, Sartori S, Baber U, Angiolillo DJ, Capodanno D, Kini AS, Sharma SK, Dangas G, Mehran R. Guided and unguided de-escalation from potent P2Y12 inhibitors among patients with ACS: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with a potent P2Y12 inhibitor is recommended in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and should be tailored according to ischemic and bleeding risks, which are highest in the acute phase, and gradually attenuate overtime. De-escalation strategies of DAPT aim to optimize this balance of risks.
Purpose
We compared guided or unguided DAPT de-escalation strategies from potent P2Y12 inhibitors to either clopidogrel or lower doses of potent P2Y12 inhibitors versus standard DAPT with potent P2Y12 inhibitors among patients with ACS.
Methods
PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception till March 10th 2021. 1633 records were screened on DAPT de-escalation strategies after ACS for inclusion. Aspirin monotherapy and non-randomized trials were excluded.
The primary endpoint was BARC ≥2 bleeding. Other endpoints included MACE (defined according to the definitions reported in the original study protocols), all-cause death, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and stroke. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were used as metric of choice for treatment effects with random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 index. We assessed the interaction between de-escalation strategy (guided vs. unguided) and treatment with a random-effects meta-regression analysis with the empirical Bayes method. This study has been submitted to PROSPERO for registration.
Preliminary findings
Four randomised trials and a total of 8,082 patients randomly allocated to a de-escalation strategy (genetic guided to clopidogrel, n=1,242; platelet function guided to clopidogrel, n=1,304; unguided to clopidogrel (n=323); unguided to lower dose, n=1,170) or standard DAPT (n=4,043) were included in our analysis. De-escalation strategy had a reduction in BARC ≥2 bleeding (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.37–0.89; I2=81%). MACE (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.62–1.02; I2=0%), all-cause death (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.58–1.36), cardiovascular death (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.36–1.10; I2=0%), myocardial infarction (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.56–1.17; I2=0%), stent thrombosis (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.19–1.74; I2=0%) and stroke (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.39–1.35; I2=0%) did not differ between patients with a de-escalation strategy and those without. Meta-regression analysis did not show any significant interaction between de-escalation method (guided vs. unguided) and treatment effects, except for BARC ≥2 bleeding (P interaction = 0.070), suggesting a greater reduction with unguided de-escalation.
Conclusion
A de-escalation strategy of DAPT after ACS was associated with a lower number of clinically relevant bleeding events, mostly in patients who underwent unguided de-escalation, while no association with increased ischemic events was found. However, the observed broad confidence intervals limit the certainty of our findings.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. BARC ≥2 bleedingMACE
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Tavenier
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - M Chiarito
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - D Cao
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - C A Pivato
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - J Nicolas
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - M Nardin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - S Sartori
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - U Baber
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - D J Angiolillo
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, United States of America
| | | | - A S Kini
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - S K Sharma
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - G Dangas
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - R Mehran
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
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Cao D, Baber U, Dangas G, Sartori S, Zhongjie Z, Giustino G, Angiolillo DJ, Mehta S, Gibson CM, Sardella G, Sharma SK, Shlofmitz R, Collier T, Pocock S, Mehran R. Ticagrelor monotherapy after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: a TWILIGHT substudy. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are established risk factors for cardiovascular events, with patients presenting both conditions being at extremely high risk. P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy with ticagrelor after a short course of dual antiplatelet therapy has emerged as a bleeding avoidance strategy for high-risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Purpose
To investigate ischemic and bleeding outcomes associated with ticagrelor monotherapy versus ticagrelor plus aspirin according to the presence or absence of CKD and DM.
Methods
The TWILIGHT trial enrolled patients undergoing PCI with a drug-eluting stent who fulfilled at least one clinical and one angiographic high-risk criterion. Both DM and CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2) were clinical study entry criteria. Following 3 months of ticagrelor plus aspirin, patients who had been adherent to treatment and free from major adverse events were randomly assigned to either aspirin or placebo in addition to ticagrelor for 1 year. The primary endpoint was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 2, 3 or 5 bleeding. The key secondary endpoint was the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Net adverse clinical events (NACE) were defined as BARC type 3 or 5 bleeding, all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke.
Results
Of the 6273 patients included in the analysis, 8.0% had both CKD and DM (DM+/CKD+), 8.9% had CKD only (DM-/CKD+), 29.0% had DM only (DM+/CKD-), and 52.1% had neither CKD nor DM (DM-/CKD-). At 1-year follow-up, there was a progressive increase in the rates of bleeding and ischemic events according to DM and CKD status (Figure 1). Ticagrelor plus placebo reduced the primary bleeding endpoint as compared with ticagrelor plus aspirin across all study groups, including DM+/CKD+ patients (4.7% vs. 8.7%; HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.25–1.07), with no evidence of heterogeneity (p-interaction=0.68). Similar treatment effects of ticagrelor monotherapy were observed for major BARC type 3 or 5 bleeding (p-interaction=0.17), with DM+/CKD+ patients showing the greatest absolute risk reduction (0.9% vs. 5.1%; HR 0.16, 95% CI 0.04–0.72). The key secondary endpoint was not significantly different between treatment arms across study groups, with the exception of a reduced risk in DM+/CKD- patients receiving ticagrelor monotherapy (p-interaction=0.033). A similar pattern in the DM+/CKD- group was observed for NACE (p-interaction=0.030) (Figure 2).
Conclusions
Among high-risk patients undergoing PCI, ticagrelor monotherapy reduced the risk of clinically relevant and major bleeding without a significant increase in ischemic events as compared with ticagrelor plus aspirin, irrespective of the presence of DM and CKD. Furthermore, ticagrelor monotherapy seemed to be associated with a more favourable net benefit in patients with DM without CKD.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Investigator-initiated grant from AstraZeneca Figure 1. Event rates according to DM/CKD statusFigure 2. Effects of ticagrelor monotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cao
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - U Baber
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - G Dangas
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - S Sartori
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Z Zhongjie
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - G Giustino
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - D J Angiolillo
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, United States of America
| | - S Mehta
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - C M Gibson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - G Sardella
- Umberto I Polyclinic of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S K Sharma
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - R Shlofmitz
- St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, United States of America
| | - T Collier
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Pocock
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Mehran
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
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Mondal A, Mondal A, Kumar Sharma S, Kumar Upadhyay R, Antonopoulos CG. Spatiotemporal characteristics in systems of diffusively coupled excitable slow-fast FitzHugh-Rinzel dynamical neurons. Chaos 2021; 31:103122. [PMID: 34717324 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study an excitable, biophysical system that supports wave propagation of nerve impulses. We consider a slow-fast, FitzHugh-Rinzel neuron model where only the membrane voltage interacts diffusively, giving rise to the formation of spatiotemporal patterns. We focus on local, nonlinear excitations and diverse neural responses in an excitable one- and two-dimensional configuration of diffusively coupled FitzHugh-Rinzel neurons. The study of the emerging spatiotemporal patterns is essential in understanding the working mechanism in different brain areas. We derive analytically the coefficients of the amplitude equations in the vicinity of Hopf bifurcations and characterize various patterns, including spirals exhibiting complex geometric substructures. Furthermore, we derive analytically the condition for the development of antispirals in the neighborhood of the bifurcation point. The emergence of broken target waves can be observed to form spiral-like profiles. The spatial dynamics of the excitable system exhibits two- and multi-arm spirals for small diffusive couplings. Our results reveal a multitude of neural excitabilities and possible conditions for the emergence of spiral-wave formation. Finally, we show that the coupled excitable systems with different firing characteristics participate in a collective behavior that may contribute significantly to irregular neural dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mondal
- Department of Mathematics and Computing, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Argha Mondal
- School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam 690525, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- Department of Mathematics and Computing, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Mathematics and Computing, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Chris G Antonopoulos
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
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Ansari MA, Saha S, Das A, Lal R, Das B, Choudhury BU, Roy SS, Sharma SK, Singh IM, Meitei CB, Changloi KL, Singh LS, Singh NA, Saraswat PK, Ramakrishna Y, Singh D, Hazarika S, Punitha P, Sandhu SK, Prakash N. Energy and carbon budgeting of traditional land use change with groundnut based cropping system for environmental quality, resilient soil health and farmers income in eastern Indian Himalayas. J Environ Manage 2021; 293:112892. [PMID: 34062423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Energy intensive traditional cereals based monoculture often lead to high greenhouse gas emissions and degradation of land and environmental quality. Present study aimed at evaluating the energy and carbon budget of diversified groundnut (Arachis hypogea L) based cropping system with over existing traditional practice towards the development of a sustainable production technology through restoration of soil and environmental quality and enhancement of farming resiliency by stabilizing farmers' income. The trials comprised of three introduced groundnut based systems viz. groundnut- pea (Pisum sativum), groundnut-lentil (Lens esculenta) and groundnut-toria (Brasssica campestris var. Toria) replacing three existing systems viz. maize (Zea mays L) - fallow, maize - toria, and rice (Oryza sativa L)-fallow systems. Four years study revealed that adoption of groundnut based systems reduced non-renewable energy input use (fertilizers, chemical, machinery and fossil fuels) by 25.5%, consequently that reduced the cost of production. Repeated analysis of variance measurement also affirmed that groundnut based systems (groundnut-pea>groundnut-lentil> groundnut-toria) increased the energy use efficiency, energy productivity, carbon use efficiency, net returns and decreased the specific energy and energy intensiveness. Groundnut based systems increased the mean system productivity and water productivity in terms of groundnut equivalent yield by 3.7 and 3.1 folds over existing practice. The savings of fossil fuel reduced greenhouse gas emissions owing to reduced use of farm machinery and synthetic fertilizers. Groundnut based systems significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the soil carbon concentration (8.7-18.1%) and enzymatic activities (27.1-51.8%) over existing practice. Consequently, estimated soil quality index values were 35.9-77.3% higher under groundnut based systems than existing practice. Thus, the study indicated the resilient nature of groundnut based systems as an environmentally safe and sustainable production technology for enhancing resource use efficiency, reduce carbon emission, energy intensiveness and cost of production in the Eastern Himalaya region of India and similar ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ansari
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - Saurav Saha
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib, 796081, Mizoram, India
| | - Anup Das
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura Centre, Lembucherra, 799 210, Tripura, India.
| | - R Lal
- CMASC, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bappa Das
- ICAR Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Old Goa, 403402, Goa, India
| | - B U Choudhury
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, Meghalaya, India
| | - S S Roy
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - S K Sharma
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - I M Singh
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - Ch Bungbungcha Meitei
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, India
| | - Kl Levish Changloi
- ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Monsangpantha, Chandel, 795127, Manipur, India
| | - L Somendro Singh
- ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pearsonmun, Churachandpur, 795128, Manipur, India
| | - N Ajitkumar Singh
- ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hungpung, Ukhrul, 795142, Manipur, India
| | - P K Saraswat
- ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tupul, Tamenglong, 795159, Manipur, India
| | - Y Ramakrishna
- ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hungpung, Ukhrul, 795142, Manipur, India
| | - Deepak Singh
- ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Monsangpantha, Chandel, 795127, Manipur, India
| | - S Hazarika
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, 793103, Meghalaya, India
| | - P Punitha
- ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S K Sandhu
- Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, M/o Commerce & Industry Govt. of India, India
| | - N Prakash
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Manipur Centre, Lamphelpat, Imphal, 795004, India
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Chattopadhyay A, Samanta J, Sharma SK, Jain S. Classical hand radiology of Gout, Osteoarthritis and Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH). QJM 2021; 114:336-337. [PMID: 32871011 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Chattopadhyay
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - J Samanta
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Sharma
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Jain
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Agrawal N, Singh R, Sharma SK, Naithani R, Bhargava R, Choudhary D, Jeyaraman P, Bansal S, Doval D, Khandelwal V, Bansal N, Ahmed R, Bhurani D. Outcomes of COVID-19 in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: Multicenter Retrospective Analysis. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2021; 38:388-393. [PMID: 34305341 PMCID: PMC8284695 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-021-01472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 9, 2020. Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients may be highly susceptible to infection and related pulmonary complications due to nascent immune systems or organ damage from treatment-related toxicities. Poor outcomes in such group of patients were linked to older age, steroid therapy at the time of COVID-19 infection, and COVID-19 infection within a year of HSCT. We studied a cohort of 28 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (male 17, M:F ratio of 1.5) with COVID-19 infection from 1st June 2020, through 31st December 2020 for outcome. Fever was the most common symptom at the time of presentation in 22 (78.5%) patients. Mortality rate at Day 28 and Day 42 was found to be 4/28 (14.3%) and 7/28 (25%) respectively. Patients within one year of HSCT and severe infection had higher day 28 mortality (with p values = 0.038)". There was no relation of mortality with type of transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Agrawal
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Sector 5, Rohini, Delhi, 110085 India
| | - Reema Singh
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Sector 5, Rohini, Delhi, 110085 India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Sector 5, Rohini, Delhi, 110085 India
| | - Rayaz Ahmed
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Sector 5, Rohini, Delhi, 110085 India
| | - Dinesh Bhurani
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Sector 5, Rohini, Delhi, 110085 India
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Suryavanshi M, Mattoo S, Sharma SK, Mehta A, Batra U. Primary and secondary resistance mechanisms in first, second and third generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e21142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e21142 Background: Different molecular mechanisms of on target and off target primary and secondary resistance have been observed in EGFR mutant NSCLC patients after first(1st), second(2nd) and third (3rd) generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs). Next generation sequencing(NGS) offers a comprehensive method of detecting these mechanisms to decide next line of treatment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 430 samples of NSCLC for primary and secondary resistance to 1st, 2nd and 3rd TKIs. NGS was performed using thermofischer Ion Torrent Oncomine Focus 52 gene Assay. These cases were divided into 4 groups.1)Primary resistance to first and second generation TKIs 2)Primary resistance to 3rd generation TKI 3)Secondary resistance to 1st and 2nd generation TKI 4) Secondary resistance to 3rd generation TKI.Last group was further subgrouped into A when 3rd generation TKI was offered as second line after 1st or 2nd generation TKIs on detection of T790M and subgroup B when it was given as first line. Results: Group1 had 13 cases. There were 2 cases of complex EGFR exon 19 mutation p.Glu746_Leu747delinsValPro, 4 cases of EGFR exon 20 insertion, 1 case of dual EGFR L833V & H835L mutation, 2 cases with EGFR amplification with EGFR exon 19 del and PIK3CA C420_P421del along with EGFR exon 19 del. Four cases had no additional abnormality. Group 2 had 5 cases:1 case had L858R and E709A dual mutation, 2 cases had KRAS G13C and KRAS G12V along with EGFR exon 19 del. One case had EGFR amplification and one case had MET amplification along with EGFR exon 19 del respectively.Group 3 had 34 cases including 10 cases of EGFR L858R and 24 cases of exon 19 deletion.T790M mutation was detected in 8 patients, MET amplification in 7 cases,one case had both T790M and MET amplification. One case lost the primary EGFR exon 19 del. Others mutations detected were KRAS G13C, PIK3CA H1047R, TP53 R213Q and TP53 C242fs. Group3 had 15 cases with 7 cases in subgroup A and 9 cases in subgroup B. In subgroup A T790M mutation was lost in 6 out of 7 cases.One case which lost T790M developed ALK translocation.One case of EGFR exon 19 del retained EGFR T790M with EGFR C797S in cis allele. Other mutations detected were PIK3CA E542K and KRAS G12C. In subgroup B one case showed EGFR C797S(both cis and trans) besides the primary EGFR exon 19 del. One case showed BRAF G469A along with EGFR exon 19 del. Other mutations detected were CTNNB1 D32N, KRAS G12V, and PIK3CA E542K. Conclusions: Primary and secondary acquired resistance is unavoidable in EGFR mutant advanced NSCLC on any generation of TKIs. NGS offers an advantage in diagnosing mechanism of resistance for further choice of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakshi Mattoo
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Center, Delhi, India
| | | | - Anurag Mehta
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Center, Delhi, India
| | - Ullas Batra
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Center, Delhi, India
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Dey P, Sharma SK, Sarkar I, Ray SD, Pramod P, Kochiganti VHS, Quadros G, Rathore SS, Singh V, Singh RP. Complete mitogenome of endemic plum-headed parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala - characterization and phylogenetic analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241098. [PMID: 33836001 PMCID: PMC8034733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psittacula cyanocephala is an endemic parakeet from the Indian sub-continent that is widespread in the illegal bird trade. Previous studies on Psittacula parakeets have highlighted taxonomic ambiguities, warranting studies to resolve the issues. Since the mitochondrial genome provides useful information concerning the species evolution and phylogenetics, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of P. cyanocephala using NGS, validated 38.86% of the mitogenome using Sanger Sequencing and compared it with other available whole mitogenomes of Psittacula. The complete mitogenome of the species was 16814 bp in length with 54.08% AT composition. P. cyanocephala mitogenome comprises of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs. P. cyanocephala mitogenome organization was consistent with other Psittacula mitogenomes. Comparative codon usage analysis indicated the role of natural selection on Psittacula mitogenomes. Strong purifying selection pressure was observed maximum on nad1 and nad4l genes. The mitochondrial control region of all Psittacula species displayed the ancestral avian CR gene order. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the Psittacula genus as paraphyletic nature, containing at least 4 groups of species within the same genus, suggesting its taxonomic reconsideration. Our results provide useful information for developing forensic tests to control the illegal trade of the species and scientific basis for phylogenetic revision of the genus Psittacula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Dey
- National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
- National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Indrani Sarkar
- National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swapna Devi Ray
- National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Padmanabhan Pramod
- National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Goldin Quadros
- Wetland Ecology Division, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vikram Singh
- Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, India
| | - Ram Pratap Singh
- National Avian Forensic Laboratory, Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
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Kalra S, Dhingra A, Sharma SK, Bhattacharya S. Sheehan's syndrome as a mimic of premature ovarian insufficiency: need for advocacy. Climacteric 2021; 24:526. [PMID: 33830850 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1905626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India
| | - A Dhingra
- Department of Endocrinology, Gangaram Bansal Hospital, Sri Ganganagar, India
| | - S K Sharma
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. SK Sharma's Diabetes, Thyroid and Endocrine Centre, Jaipur, India
| | - S Bhattacharya
- Department of Endocrinology, Max Superspeciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Sharanabasav H, Pramesh D, Prasannakumar MK, Chidanandappa E, Yadav MK, Ngangkham U, Parivallal B, Raghavendra BT, Manjunatha C, Sharma SK, Karthik N. Morpho-molecular and mating-type locus diversity of Ustilaginoidea virens: an incitant of false smut of rice from Southern parts of India. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2372-2386. [PMID: 33772985 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the geo-distinct isolates of Ustilaginoidea virens for morpho-molecular and mating-type locus diversity. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-one isolates of U. virens collected from Southern India exhibited significant diversity in mycelial width (3·45-5·50 µm), colony colour (yellow, pale yellow, and white), and growth pattern (thick leather mat, raised-fluffy, flat-fluffy, and raised). Field-borne chlamydospores of each isolate were significantly smaller in size (3·34-5·26 µm2 ) compared to those formed on culture media (18·6-100·89 µm2 ). The phylogenetic study based on internal transcribed sequences revealed two clusters; however, most isolates (n = 54) were grouped in cluster-I, indicating common ancestral origin. We also identified 42 haplotypes; among them, Hap_3 has the highest number of isolates (n = 19). Mating-type locus (MAT1) analysis revealed all sixty-one isolates as heterothallic, wherein 37 and 24 isolates belonging to MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 heterothallic mating types, respectively. The microsynteny analysis of MAT1 loci of one of the Indian strain (Uv-Gvt) along with Uv-8b (China) strain revealed synteny conservation at MAT1 locus, which is flanked by conserved genes SLA2 and a hypothetical protein in the upstream and APN2, COX12 and APC5 in the downstream of the locus. CONCLUSIONS Morpho-molecular study revealed the significant diversity among geo-distinct isolates, and MAT1 loci analysis indicated the distribution of heterothallic mating types in south Indian paddy fields. And also, complete synteny conservation between Indian and Chinese strain was observed at the MAT1 locus. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report describing the sexuality of Indian strains of the U. virens, which would help better understand the genetic diversity of the U. virens prevailing in Southern India and aid in developing resistant rice cultivars against this pathogen population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sharanabasav
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - D Pramesh
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - M K Prasannakumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - E Chidanandappa
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - M K Yadav
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - U Ngangkham
- ICAR-Research Complex for NEH Region Umia, Meghalaya, India
| | - B Parivallal
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - B T Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - C Manjunatha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Wellington, India
| | - S K Sharma
- ICAR-Research Complex for NEH Region, Imphal Center, Manipur, India
| | - N Karthik
- University of Madras, Chennai, India
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