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Khati A, Chantola N, Singh SB. Availability modeling of systems incorporating uncertainty & multiple failure modes using critical repair time & copula. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2022.2156544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amisha Khati
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Neelam Chantola
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - S. B. Singh
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
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Srivastava Y, Chauhan A, Singh SB. Impact of Environmental Pollutants on Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review. Nat Env Poll Tech 2022. [DOI: 10.46488/nept.2022.v21i04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution is one of the major concerns as it affects public health and is responsible for various neurological disorders too. Neurological disorders are governed by many different factors - they can be genetic, based on lifestyle, or environmental. In many recent studies, it has been observed that exposure to many environmental pollutants increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Pollutants like PM 10, PM2.5, and some other ultrafine nanoparticles, lipophilic vaporized toxicant (acrolein) can easily reach the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier after it they can activate the innate immune responses inside the target site like neurons, astrocytes, and microglia by this way they can be neurotoxic. Human epidemiological evidence proves that there is a correlation between environmental pollutants and neurological disorders like dysfunction of mitochondrial, oxidative stress, disruption in the myelin sheath, the blood-brain barrier anatomy alterations, and endoplasmic reticulum stress which direct towards cognitive impairment with lower quality of lifestyle. The review article aims to culminate the correlation between the environmental factors and Alzheimer’s disease, The different sources of pollution and their effect on various stages of human life, developmental neurotoxicity, and neurological disorders also have been discussed.
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Kasaudhan SM, Ghimire A, Sharma SK, Baral D, Jha N, Singh SB. Undiagnosed and Uncontrolled Hypertension and Access to Health Care among Residents of an Urban Area of Eastern Nepal: a Cross-sectional Study. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:273-279. [PMID: 37042365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Background The burden and complication of hypertension is increasing as most of the people living with hypertension are unaware of their condition and those who are already diagnosed with it do not have their blood pressure under control. Objective To assess the prevalence of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension among residents of Itahari sub metropolitan city of eastern Nepal, along with its associated socio demographic and behavioral risk factors and access to health care services. Method Cross sectional study was conducted in five wards of Itahari, among 1161 participants, using population proportionate to sample size sampling technique. Face to face interview was conducted with participants for data collection applying semi- structured questionnaire and physical measurement like blood pressure, weight and height. Result Prevalence of hypertension was 26.5% includingundiagnosed 11.0% and previously diagnosed 15.5%. Among diagnosed, 76.6% had uncontrolled blood pressure and 56.70% were taking anti-hypertensive medicine, and 7.8% were under Ayurvedic medicine. More than 70% participants preferred private health facility for treatment and 22.7% had faced financial barrier to seek healthcare. About 64% of participants did not visit health services or had visited only once in past six months. Increasing age, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking status and positive family history were found to be significantly associated with hypertension at < 0.05 level. Conclusion Prevalence of hypertension is high and awareness regarding available health services in local primary health center and its utilization is lacking among participants. Regular screening program for hypertension and awareness program to disseminate the knowledge of availability of primary health center should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kasaudhan
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, BP. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - A Ghimire
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, BP. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S K Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, BP. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - D Baral
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, BP. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - N Jha
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, BP. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S B Singh
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, BP. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Pant H, Singh SB. Modeling systems with revealing and non-revealing failures undergoing periodic inspection. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2022.2070215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Himani Pant
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - S. B. Singh
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
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Pant H, Singh SB. Modeling periodically inspected k/r-out-of-n system. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2021.1982982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Himani Pant
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - S. B. Singh
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
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Gupta S, Mishra KP, Gupta R, Singh SB. Andrographolide - A prospective remedy for chikungunya fever and viral arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108045. [PMID: 34435582 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Andrographolide, the major bioactive compound of the plant Andrographis paniculata, exerts anti-inflammatory, cyto-, neuro- and hepato-protective effects. Traditional remedies for infectious diseases include A. paniculata for maladies like fever, pain, rashes which are associated with chikungunya and other arboviral diseases. Since andrographolide and A. paniculata have potent antiviral properties, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive report of symptoms and immunological molecules involved in chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and the therapeutic role of andrographolide in the mitigation of chikungunya and associated symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies on the therapeutic role of A. paniculata and andrographolide in chikungunya and other viral infections published between 1991 and 2021 were searched on various databases. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The havoc created by chikungunya is due to the associated debilitating symptoms including arthralgia and myalgia which sometimes remains for years. The authors reviewed and summarized the various symptoms and immunological molecules related to CHIKV replication and associated inflammation, oxidative and unfolded protein stress, apoptosis and arthritis. Additionally, the authors suggested andrographolide as a remedy for chikungunya and other arboviral infections by highlighting its role in the regulation of molecules involved in unfolded protein response pathway, immunomodulation, inflammation, virus multiplication, oxidative stress, apoptosis and arthritis. CONCLUSION The present review demonstrated the major complications associated with chikungunya and the role of andrographolide in alleviating the chikungunya associated symptoms to encourage further investigations using this promising compound towards early development of an anti-CHIKV drug. Chemical Compound studied: andrographolide (PubChem CID: 5318517).
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - K P Mishra
- Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)-HQ, Rajaji Marg, New Delhi 110011, India
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - S B Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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Das S, Mishra KP, Pramanik A, Mishra P, Chanda S, Ganju L, Singh SB. Re-exposure to alarmin HMGB1 and cytokine IL-1 beta induces differential innate immune response generation in mouse brain. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 357:577625. [PMID: 34153804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune memory, a crucial mechanism of epigenetically mediated myeloid cell plasticity, alters subsequent immune responses majorly by two types of immunological imprinting, training, and tolerance. Recent pioneer studies provided proof-of-principle for generation of both types of innate immune memory in brain macrophage, microglial cells. This novel study was designed to investigate whether the pattern of immune response generation, induced by peripheral administration of recombinant alarmin HMGB1, alone and in combination with other recombinant cytokines, is affected by prior exposure. The experimental outcomes revealed that full length recombinant HMGB1 exposure for seven consecutive days exhibit inflammatory response as evidenced by enhanced expression of inflammatory biomarkers and neurodegeneration. In contrary, combined doses of HMGB1 and IL-1β, for three and seven consecutive days, exhibited lower inflammatory state compared to its alone HMGB1 counterpart. The immune tolerance state was evident by microglial polarization towards non-reactive M2 state, lower astrocyte activation, epigenetic reprogramming, and decreased neurodegeneration. This is the first demonstration that HMGB1 and IL-1β priming can differentially affect inflammation in the brain when a host is confronted with a second, third stimulus or so on. The findings were further validated by suppressing major regulators of epigenetic reprogramming, by intranasal delivery of specific siRNAs targeting those regulators. These results may provide new evidence for the involvement of recombinant endogenous cytokine induced generation of innate immune tolerance within microglial cells and indicated the possible potential role in mediating cognitive and behavioural alterations during inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Das
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - K P Mishra
- Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), New Delhi 110011, India
| | - Anilendu Pramanik
- MYAS-GNDU Department of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Priyanka Mishra
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Sudipta Chanda
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi 110054, India
| | - S B Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
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Das RR, Vinayan MT, Patel MB, Phagna RK, Singh SB, Shahi JP, Sarma A, Barua NS, Babu R, Seetharam K, Burgueño JA, Zaidi PH. Genetic gains with rapid-cycle genomic selection for combined drought and waterlogging tolerance in tropical maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Genome 2020; 13:e20035. [PMID: 33217198 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rapid cycle genomic selection (RC-GS) helps to shorten the breeding cycle and reduce the costs of phenotyping, thereby increasing genetic gains in terms of both cost and time. We implemented RC-GS on two multi-parent yellow synthetic (MYS) populations constituted by intermating ten elite lines involved in each population, including four each of drought and waterlogging tolerant donors and two commercial lines, with proven commercial value. Cycle 1 (C1 ) was constituted based on phenotypic selection and intermating of the top 5% of 500 S2 families derived from each MYS population, test-crossed and evaluated across moisture regimes. C1 was advanced to the next two cycles (C2 and C3 ) by intermating the top 5% selected individuals with high genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for grain yield under drought and waterlogging stress. To estimate genetic gains, population bulks from each cycle were test-crossed and evaluated across locations under different moisture regimes. Results indicated that the realised genetic gain under drought stress was 0.110 t ha-1 yr-1 and 0.135 t ha-1 yr-1 , respectively, for MYS-1 and MYS-2. The gain was less under waterlogging stress, where MYS-1 showed 0.038 t ha-1 yr-1 and MYS-2 reached 0.113 t ha-1 yr-1 . Genomic selection for drought and waterlogging tolerance resulted in no yield penalty under optimal moisture conditions. The genetic diversity of the two populations did not change significantly after two cycles of GS, suggesting that RC-GS can be an effective breeding strategy to achieve high genetic gains without losing genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi R Das
- CIMMYT Asia Maize Program, ICRISAT Campus, Hyderabad, 502324, India
| | - M T Vinayan
- CIMMYT Asia Maize Program, ICRISAT Campus, Hyderabad, 502324, India
| | | | | | - S B Singh
- ICAR Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, India
| | - J P Shahi
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - N S Barua
- Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, India
| | - Raman Babu
- CIMMYT Asia Maize Program, ICRISAT Campus, Hyderabad, 502324, India
| | - K Seetharam
- CIMMYT Asia Maize Program, ICRISAT Campus, Hyderabad, 502324, India
| | | | - P H Zaidi
- CIMMYT Asia Maize Program, ICRISAT Campus, Hyderabad, 502324, India
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Gupta S, Mishra KP, Kumar B, Singh SB, Ganju L. Andrographolide attenuates complete freund's adjuvant induced arthritis via suppression of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 261:113022. [PMID: 32569719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional plant-derived medicines have enabled the mankind in curing the wide spectrum of diseases throughout the ages. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, is one of the traditional plant used as a folk medicine for the management of inflammation, arthritis, viral-bacterial infections and other ailments in India, China, Malaysia and other South-East Asian countries. Its major bioactive compound; andrographolide, a diterpenoid, also exerts cytoprotective properties and is reported to be effective in neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, etc. AIM: The study is aimed to explore the role of andrographolide in treatment of complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The influx of immune cells, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequent accumulation of synovial fluid (swelling) and pain manifest into the disease. The present study used CFA induced Balb/c mice model and treated them intraperitoneally with andrographolide and dexamethasone (used as a positive control) on alternate days for six days. After 6 days, blood and peritoneal macrophages were collected to evaluate the expression of various arthritic markers and paw edema was measured on all days. RESULTS The in vitro and ex vivo experiments showed that andrographolide treated animal group had reduced paw edema, cell cytotoxicity and nitric oxide production than dexamethasone treated animal group. Further, the study revealed the mechanistic role of andrographolide in treatment of arthritis by suppressing battery of molecules like COX-2, NF-κB, p-p38, CD40, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 involved in arthritis. CONCLUSION The study showed the potent anti-arthritic effects of andrographolide and warrants further investigations on andrographolide for the development of safe and effective anti-arthritic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - K P Mishra
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - S B Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
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Das S, Mishra KP, Chanda S, Ganju L, Singh SB. Corrigendum to "CXCR7: A key neuroprotective molecule against alarmin HMGB1 mediated CNS pathophysiology and subsequent memory impairment" [Brain Behav. Immun. 82 (2019) 319-337]. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 89:698-699. [PMID: 32713613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - K P Mishra
- Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), New Delhi 110011, India
| | - Sudipta Chanda
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - S B Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
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Singh SB, Chawla H, Narkhede A. Flexural Analysis of Functionally Graded thin Walled Beams. PINSA 2020. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2020/153225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Das S, Mishra KP, Chanda S, Ganju L, Singh SB. CXCR7: A key neuroprotective molecule against alarmin HMGB1 mediated CNS pathophysiology and subsequent memory impairment. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 82:319-337. [PMID: 31505255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an endogenous alarmin that drives the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including cognitive decline. Therefore, HMGB1 is thought to be a common biomarker as well as promising therapeutic target for neuroinflammation associated with neurocognitive disorders. Here, for the first time, we have unmasked the potential inhibitory effect of a novel receptor of HMGB1-CXCL12 complex; atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3/CXCR7) on HMGB1 induced glial phenotype switching, neuroinflammation, and subsequent memory loss. Upregulation of CXCR7 inhibits HMGB1-CXCL12 complex induced peripheral immune cells infiltration to CNS by regulating blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in HMGB1 induced dementia model of mice. Whereas, gene knockdown study by RNA interference (non-invasive intranasal delivery to animal model) shows CXCR7 ablation aggravates inflammatory responses in hippocampus region and immune cell infiltration to CNS tissue by breached BBB. This study also indicates the important role of CXCR7 molecule in maintaining CNS homeostasis by balancing M1/M2 microglia, A1/A2 astrocytes, long term potentiation/long term depression markers which ultimately ameliorates HMGB1 induced neurodegeneration, synaptic depression and memory loss (assessed by both radial arm maze and Morris water maze) in male mice model of dementia. Overall, the study summarizes several significant protective functions afforded by CXCR7 against HMGB1 induced disbalance in neuroimmunological axis, neurodegeneration and memory loss and thereby provides a new paradigm for strategic development of novel therapeutics against neurodegenerative diseases with dementia as a common symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Das
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - K P Mishra
- Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), New Delhi 110011, India
| | - Sudipta Chanda
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - S B Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India.
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Bhushan B, Yadav AP, Singh SB, Ganju L. Diversity and functional analysis of salivary microflora of Indian Antarctic expeditionaries. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1581513. [PMID: 30834068 PMCID: PMC6394331 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1581513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The human oral microbiota continues to change phenotype by many factors (environment, diet, genetics, stress, etc.), throughout life with a major impact on human physiology, psychology, metabolism and immune system. Amongst one such factor with unique and extreme environmental conditions is Antarctica. The sea voyage to Antarctica has many risks than at station for expedition members. In this study, we investigated the influence of Antarctic sea voyage and stay at the Indian Antarctic station Maitri, on the health of Indian expedition members by using a metagenomic approach to explore oral biodiversity. Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 12 expedition members, at 3 different time points viz. before the start of the ship voyage, after the completion of the voyage and at the end of the stay at Antarctica. Samples were analyzed for whole genome and 16S rRNA sequencing. Result: The oral microbial diversity of the expedition members was significantly changed, during the days of sailing and after the stay at Antarctica. The oral microbiota comprised mainly of the phyla Firmicutes (46%, 29% & 36%); Proteobacteria (40%, 48%, & 44%), Bacteroidetes (10%, 22%, &14%), Fusobacterium and Actinobacteria (5%-1%) and Unclassified (17%, 25% & 23%), at three time points, respectively. Further, the differential analysis of microbes across all the phyla revealed 89, 157 and 157 OTUs genera. The altered microbiota indicated changes in amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Conclusion: Study suggests that understanding the compositional and functional differences in the oral microbiota of Antarctic expedition members, can lay the foundation to relate these differences to their health status. It will further demonstrate the need for providing improved management during ship voyage and stay in Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Bhushan
- Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), New Delhi, India
| | - A. P. Yadav
- Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), New Delhi, India
| | - S. B. Singh
- Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), New Delhi, India
| | - L. Ganju
- Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), New Delhi, India
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Singh D, Jayashankar B, Mishra KP, Tanwar H, Madhusudana SN, Belludi AY, Tulsawani R, Singh SB, Ganju L. Adjuvant activity of ethanol extract of Hippophae rhamnoides leaves with inactivated rabies virus antigen. Pharm Biol 2018; 56:25-31. [PMID: 29235395 PMCID: PMC6130554 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1413662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae), commonly known as seabuckthorn (SBT), is known for its medicinal and nutritional properties. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of in vivo adjuvant activity of SBT leaf extract (SBTE) with inactivated rabies virus antigen (Rb). MATERIALS AND METHODS Swiss albino mice were immunized with aqueous-alcoholic SBTE (100 mg/kg body weight) or algel (aluminium hydroxide gel) with or without Rb (5% v/v). After priming, booster was administered on day 14. Rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RVNA) titers were estimated by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test in sera samples collected on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. Effect of adjuvant administration on cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), memory T cells, plasma and CD11c+ cells was studied by flow cytometry. In vitro hemolysis was assayed in human RBC. RESULTS RVNA titers were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) after booster administration in mice immunized with SBTE + Rb as compared to the controls. In combination, SBTE, algel and Rb, enhanced the RVNA titers. CTLs significantly increased (p < 0.05) in SBTE + Rb immunized mice. Memory T cells and plasma cells were 27.9 and 15.9%, respectively, in SBTE + Rb immunized mice as compared to that of 20.3 and 11.3%, respectively, in Rb immunized group. SBTE + Rb enhanced peritoneal CD11c+ cells (25.8%) as compared to 9.4% cells in Rb immunized mice, showed 3.2-fold increment in LPS induced IL-1β. No RBC hemolysis was observed with SBTE. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential adjuvant activity of SBTE with Rb by increasing RVNA titers and CTL response.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - B. Jayashankar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - K. P. Mishra
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - H. Tanwar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - S. N. Madhusudana
- National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - A. Y. Belludi
- National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - R. Tulsawani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - S. B. Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - L. Ganju
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
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Ratankumar Singh A, Dutta SK, Singh SB, Boopathi T, Lungmuana S, Saha S, Dayal V, Akoijam R, Sharma SK, Hemanta Singh N. Occurrence, Severity and Association of Fungal Pathogen, Botrydiplodia theobromae with Sudden Death or Decline of Tree Bean ( Parkia timoriana, (DC.) Merr) in North Eastern India. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v115/i6/1133-1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Singh SL, Singh SB, Ghatak KP. 2D Effective Electron Mass at the Fermi Level in Accumulation and Inversion Layers of MOSFET Nano Devices. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2018; 18:2856-2874. [PMID: 29442967 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper an attempt is made to study the 2D Fermi Level Mass (FLM) in accumulation and inversion layers of nano MOSFET devices made of nonlinear optical, III-V, ternary, Quaternary, II-VI, IV-VI, Ge and stressed materials by formulating 2D carrier dispersion laws on the basis of k → ⋅ p → ⋅ formalism and considering the energy band constants of a particular material. It is observed taking accumulation and inversion layers of Cd3As2, CdGeAs2, InSb, Hg1-xCdxTe and In1-xGaxAsyP1-y lattice matched to InP, CdS, GaSb and Ge as examples that the FLM depends on sub band index for nano MOSFET devices made of Cd3As2 and CdGeAs2 materials which is the characteristic features such 2D systems. Besides, the FLM depends on the scattering potential in all the cases and the same mass changes with increasing surface electric field. The FLM exists in the band gap which is impossible without heavy doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Singh
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - S B Singh
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, National Institute of Technology Manipur, Langol, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - K P Ghatak
- University of Engineering and Management, Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, New Town Kolkata 700156, West Bengal, India
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Chakma
- Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals (ICMR) , RMRC Complex, Nagpur Road, Post Garha, Jabalpur 482 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - P.K. Meshram
- Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals (ICMR) , RMRC Complex, Nagpur Road, Post Garha, Jabalpur 482 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - P.V Rao
- Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals (ICMR) , RMRC Complex, Nagpur Road, Post Garha, Jabalpur 482 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S. B. Singh
- Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals (ICMR) , RMRC Complex, Nagpur Road, Post Garha, Jabalpur 482 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A. Kavishwar
- Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals (ICMR) , RMRC Complex, Nagpur Road, Post Garha, Jabalpur 482 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Singh N, Singh SB. A Modified Mean Gray Wolf Optimization Approach for Benchmark and Biomedical Problems. Evol Bioinform Online 2017; 13:1176934317729413. [PMID: 28932103 PMCID: PMC5598817 DOI: 10.1177/1176934317729413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A modified variant of gray wolf optimization algorithm, namely, mean gray wolf optimization algorithm has been developed by modifying the position update (encircling behavior) equations of gray wolf optimization algorithm. The proposed variant has been tested on 23 standard benchmark well-known test functions (unimodal, multimodal, and fixed-dimension multimodal), and the performance of modified variant has been compared with particle swarm optimization and gray wolf optimization. Proposed algorithm has also been applied to the classification of 5 data sets to check feasibility of the modified variant. The results obtained are compared with many other meta-heuristic approaches, ie, gray wolf optimization, particle swarm optimization, population-based incremental learning, ant colony optimization, etc. The results show that the performance of modified variant is able to find best solutions in terms of high level of accuracy in classification and improved local optima avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narinder Singh
- Narinder Singh, Department of Mathematics, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, Punjab, India.
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Singh N, Singh S, Singh SB. A New Hybrid MGBPSO-GSA Variant for Improving Function Optimization Solution in Search Space. Evol Bioinform Online 2017; 13:1176934317699855. [PMID: 28469380 PMCID: PMC5395263 DOI: 10.1177/1176934317699855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, a newly hybrid nature-inspired approach (MGBPSO-GSA) is developed with a combination of Mean Gbest Particle Swarm Optimization (MGBPSO) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The basic inspiration is to integrate the ability of exploitation in MGBPSO with the ability of exploration in GSA to synthesize the strength of both approaches. As a result, the presented approach has the automatic balance capability between local and global searching abilities. The performance of the hybrid approach is tested on a variety of classical functions, ie, unimodal, multimodal, and fixed-dimension multimodal functions. Furthermore, Iris data set, Heart data set, and economic dispatch problems are used to compare the hybrid approach with several metaheuristics. Experimental statistical solutions prove empirically that the new hybrid approach outperforms significantly a number of metaheuristics in terms of solution stability, solution quality, capability of local and global optimum, and convergence speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narinder Singh
- Department of Mathematics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sharandeep Singh
- Department of Mathematics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - S B Singh
- Department of Mathematics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Singh SB. A Review of Performance of FRP Reinforced Structures Under Fire Exposure. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 2017. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2017/48972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ray HN, Doshi D, Rajan A, Singh AK, Singh SB, Das MK. Cardiovascular involvement in severe malaria: A prospective study in Ranchi, Jharkhand. J Vector Borne Dis 2017; 54:177-182. [PMID: 28748840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Malaria is considered as the most important parasitic disease of humans, causing seri- ous illness that can be fatal, if not diagnosed and treated immediately. It is a multisystem disorder affecting nearly every system of the body. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the involvement of cardiovascular system in severe malaria using non-invasive methods. METHODS This prospective study was conducted on patients of severe malaria who were admitted between June and November 2015 in the Department of Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. A total of 27 cases (18 males and 9 females; age ranging between 15 and 70 yr) of severe malaria (P. falciparum 24; P. vivax 1; mixed 2) were diagnosed by microscopic examination of peripheral blood smear and bivalent rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kit. The assessment of cardiovascular system was done by clinical examination, chest X-ray, ECG and transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS In all, 7 (26%) patients were found to be suffering from circulatory failure, out of which one was P. vivax case and rest were cases of P. falciparum infection with high parasite density. One patient died due to cardiovascular collapse. ECG revealed sinus bradycardia [Heart rate (HR): 40-60] in 7% of the cases, extreme tachycardia (HR: 120-150) in 3.7% of cases and premature arterial ectopic with tachycardia in 3.7% of patients (p <0.05). The echo- cardiographic findings were global hypokinesia with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (<55%) in 11.1%, grade 1 left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in 3.7%, mild tricuspid regurgitation (TR) with mild pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) in 3.7% and mild pericardial effusion in 3.7% of the cases. The ECG and echocardiography changes indicated myocardial involvement in severe malaria. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The present study indicated involvement of cardiovascular system in severe malaria as evidenced from ECG and echocardiography. The study also revealed that cardiovascular instabilities are common in falciparum malaria, but can also be observed in vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darshit Doshi
- Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, India
| | - Appu Rajan
- Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, India
| | - Amit K Singh
- Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, India
| | - S B Singh
- Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Bariatu, India
| | - M K Das
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, Ranchi, India
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Jayashankar B, Singh D, Tanwar H, Mishra KP, Murthy S, Chanda S, Mishra J, Tulswani R, Misra K, Singh SB, Ganju L. Augmentation of humoral and cellular immunity in response to Tetanus and Diphtheria toxoids by supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 44:123-136. [PMID: 28092864 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hippophae rhamnoides L. commonly known as Seabuckthorn (SBT), a wild shrub of family Elaegnacea, has extensively used for treating various ailments like skin diseases, jaundice, asthma, lung troubles. SBT leaves have been reported to possess several pharmacological properties including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and tissue regeneration etc. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the adjuvant property of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts (SCEs 300ET and 350ET) of SBT leaves in balb/c mice immunized with Tetanus and Diphtheria toxoids. The dynamic changes in the immune response were measured in terms of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. We have seen the effect of SCEs on immunoglobulin subtypes and secondary immune response generation. In addition, the effect of SCEs on antigen specific cellular immunity was evaluated. Our results show that SCEs 300ET and 350ET significantly enhanced antibody titers in response to both TT and DT antigens. The secondary immune response generated was significantly increased in case of TT immunized animals. SCEs also enhanced cytokine levels (IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α and IL-1β) and increased lymphoproliferation. Besides, both SCEs did not show any toxic effects. Therefore, the study suggests that SCEs are safe and have potent immunostimulatory activity and hence, seems to be a promising balanced Th1 and Th2 directing immunological adjuvant for various veterinary as well as human vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindhya Jayashankar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Himanshi Tanwar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - K P Mishra
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Swetha Murthy
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Sudipta Chanda
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Jigni Mishra
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - R Tulswani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - K Misra
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - S B Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
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Boopathi T, Singh SB, Ravi M, Manju T. Distribution and Biology of Mallada desjardinsi (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in India and Its Predatory Potential Against Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). J Econ Entomol 2016; 109:1988-1994. [PMID: 27417642 PMCID: PMC5066477 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the prevalence of Mallada desjardinsi (Navas) in seven geographical regions of India and provide the first report of its kind outlining the preying of all stages of the spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, by M. desjardinsi Sampling was conducted in seven regions of two provinces in India, Bengaluru (Karnataka) and Tiruppur (Tamil Nadu), which demonstrated that M. desjardinsi populations were most dense at the former and least at the later. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of its kind outlining observations regarding the biology and feeding potential of M. desjardinsi on A. dispersus under laboratory conditions. It was observed that the second nymphal stadium of A. dispersus was most preferred prey for M. desjardinsi and the least preferred was the A. dispersus adult. It was also seen that the third stadium of M. desjardinsi consumed more A. dispersus individuals than any other life stages. The longevity of female and the total developmental period of M. desjardinsi were computed as 27.6 ± 1.69 and 24.1 ± 0.99 d, respectively. The average total number of eggs laid by the M. desjardinsi female was 211.1 ± 6.35 eggs. M. desjardinsi was observed to be extremely efficient in terms of prey searching and predatory potential with respect to A. dispersus The results of this study indicate strongly that M. desjardinsi has the potential to be used for the control of A. dispersus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boopathi
- Division of Agricultural Entomology, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib-796081, Mizoram, India (; ; )
| | - S B Singh
- Division of Agricultural Entomology, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib-796081, Mizoram, India (; ; )
| | - M Ravi
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Sirugamani, Tiruchirappalli-639115, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Manju
- Division of Agricultural Entomology, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib-796081, Mizoram, India (; ; )
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Dutta SK, Singh SB, Saha S, Akoijam RS, Boopathi T, Banerjee A, Lungmuana, Vanlalhmangaiha, Roy S. Diversity in Bird’s Eye Chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) Landraces of North-East India in Terms of Antioxidant Activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-016-0707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kumar D, Singh SB. Stochastic Analysis of Complex Repairable System with Deliberate Failure Emphasizing Reboot Delay. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2013.867993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Pantnagar, India
| | - S. B. Singh
- GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Pantnagar, India
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Paudel IS, Bhattrai S, Adhikari P, Gautam R, Singh SB. Gynaecological and other health problems of postmenopausal women and their health seeking behaviour in rural Terai, Nepal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/hren.v12i2.14106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is very few data available in menopausal study done in Nepal. The data is even less on the various gynecological and medical problems postmenopausal women are suffering from. This study was done in Duhabi area, a community in Eastern Nepal, around the Comprehensive Health Service area of a community hospital under B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences.Objective: This study was done to document the various gynecological problems among the postmenopausal women and their relation with the socio-demographic characteristics.Methods: By using specific questionnaire, 234 post-menopausal women were interviewed regarding menopausal symptoms, other gynaecological problems and medical problems and their health seeking behaviour. Results: Our study showed that the most common symptoms among the post-menopausal women were loss of libido (53%) and hot flushes (41.5%). Other noted symptoms found were vaginal dryness (29.1%) and excessive vaginal bleeding (14.5%). The most common urinary symptoms were urgency (34.2%), dysuria (17.1%) and incontinence (17.1%). Uterine prolapse was reported by 6.4% of respondents. The most common medical condition seen in our study was low back ache (70.1%). Despite majority (62%) seeking medical treatment for their symptoms only 1.7% of the respondents were using hormone replacement therapy.Conclusion: The prevalence of gynaecological problems among the post-menopausal women was high in our study with the main symptoms of loss of libido and hot flushes. Majority of women with postmenopausal symptoms sought medical care for their problems. Health Renaissance 2014;12(2): pp: 87-91
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Saha S, Chakraborty D, Choudhury BU, Singh SB, Chinza N, Lalzarliana C, Dutta SK, Chowdhury S, Boopathi T, Lungmuana, Singh AR, Ngachan SV. Spatial Variability in Temporal Trends of Precipitation and its Impact on the Agricultural Scenario of Mizoram. CURR SCI INDIA 2015. [DOI: 10.18520/v109/i12/2278-2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Saha S, Chakraborty D, Choudhury BU, Singh SB, Chinza N, Lalzarliana C, Dutta SK, Chowdhury S, Boopathi T, Lungmuana, Singh AR, Ngachan SV. Spatial Variability in Temporal Trends of Precipitation and its Impact on the Agricultural Scenario of Mizoram. CURR SCI INDIA 2015. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v109/i12/2278-2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dutta A, Mandal A, Manna S, Singh SB, Berns AE, Singh N. Effect of organic carbon chemistry on sorption of atrazine and metsulfuron-methyl as determined by (13)C-NMR and IR spectroscopy. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:620. [PMID: 26353968 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) content is the major soil component affecting pesticide sorption. However, recent studies have highlighted the fact that it is not the total carbon content of the organic matter, but its chemical structure which have a profound effect on the pesticide's sorption. In the present study, sorption of atrazine and metsulfuron-methyl herbicides was studied in four SOM fractions viz. commercial humic acid, commercial lignin, as well as humic acid and humin extracted from a compost. Sorption data was fitted to the Freundlich adsorption equation. In general, the Freundlich slope (1/n) values for both the herbicides were <1. Except for atrazine sorption on commercial humic acid, metsulfuron-methyl was more sorbed. Desorption results suggested that atrazine was more desorbed than metsulfuron-methyl. Lignin, which showed least sorption of both the herbicides, showed minimum desorption. Sorption of atrazine was best positively correlated with the alkyl carbon (adjusted R (2) = 0.748) and carbonyl carbon (adjusted R (2) = 0.498) but, their effect was statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.05). Metsulfuron-methyl sorption showed best positive correlation with carbonyl carbon (adjusted R (2) = 0.960; P = 0.05) content. Sorption of both the herbicides showed negative correlation with O/N-alkyl carbon. Correlation of herbicide's sorption with alkyl and carbonyl carbon content of SOM fractions suggested their contribution towards herbicide sorption. But, sorption of metsulfuron-methyl, relatively more polar than atrazine, was mainly governed by the polar groups in SOM. IR spectra showed that H-bonds and charge-transfer bonds between SOM fraction and herbicides probably operated as mechanisms of adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Dutta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Abhishek Mandal
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Suman Manna
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S B Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anne E Berns
- Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Neera Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Ezeokpube GC, Singh SB, Osadebe NN. Numerical and Experimental Modeling of the Static Response of Simply Supported Thin-Walled Box Girder Bridges. Nig J Tech 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/njt.v34i4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Boopathi T, Singh SB, Manju T, Ramakrishna Y, Akoijam RS, Chowdhury S, Singh NH, Ngachan SV. Development of Temporal Modeling for Forecasting and Prediction of the Incidence of Lychee, Tessaratoma papillosa (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae), Using Time-Series (ARIMA) Analysis. J Insect Sci 2015; 15:55. [PMCID: PMC4535482 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The most destructive enemy of the lychee, Litchi chinensis Sonn. (Sapindales: Sapindaceae), in India is a stink bug, Tessaratoma papillosa (Drury) (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae). The population of T. papillosa on lychee trees varied from 1.43 ± 0.501 to 9.85 ± 3.924 insects per branch in this study. An increase in the temperature and a decrease in the relative humidity during summer months (April to July) favor the population buildup of T. papillosa. A forecasting model to predict T. papillosa incidences in lychee orchards was developed using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model of time-series analysis. The best-fit model for the T. papillosa incidence was ARIMA (1,1), where the P-value was significant at 0.01. The highest T. papillosa incidences were predicted for April in 2010, January in 2011, May in 2012, and February in 2013. A model based on time series offers longer-term forecasting. The forecasting model, ARIMA (1,1), developed in this study will predict T. papillosa incidences in advance, thus providing functional guidelines for effective planning of timely prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Boopathi
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib–796 081, Mizoram, India
| | - S. B. Singh
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib–796 081, Mizoram, India
| | - T. Manju
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib–796 081, Mizoram, India
| | - Y. Ramakrishna
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib–796 081, Mizoram, India
| | - R. S. Akoijam
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib–796 081, Mizoram, India
| | - Samik Chowdhury
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib–796 081, Mizoram, India
| | - N. Hemanta Singh
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib–796 081, Mizoram, India
| | - S. V. Ngachan
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umroi Road, Umiam-793103, Meghalaya, India
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Mishra KP, Sharma N, Soree P, Gupta RK, Ganju L, Singh SB. Hypoxia-Induced Inflammatory Chemokines in Subjects with a History of High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 31:81-6. [PMID: 26855492 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-015-0491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High altitude hypoxia is known to induce an inflammatory response in immune cells. Hypoxia induced inflammatory chemokines may contribute to the development of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) by causing damage to the lung endothelial cells and thereby capillary leakage. In the present study, we were interested to know whether chronic inflammation may contribute to HAPE susceptibility. We examined the serum levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 in group (1) HAPE Susceptible subjects (n = 20) who had past history of HAPE and group (2) Control (n = 18) consist of subjects who had stayed at high altitude for 2 years without any history of HAPE. The data obtained confirmed that circulating MCP-1, MIP-1α were significantly upregulated in HAPE-S individuals as compared to the controls suggestive of chronic inflammation. However, it is not certain whether chronic inflammation is cause or consequence of previous episode of HAPE. The moderate systemic increase of these inflammatory markers may reflect considerable local inflammation. The existence of enhanced level of inflammatory chemokines found in this study support the hypothesis that subjects with past history of HAPE have higher baseline chronic inflammation which may contribute to HAPE susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Mishra
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054 India
| | - Navita Sharma
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054 India
| | - Poonam Soree
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054 India
| | - R K Gupta
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054 India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054 India
| | - S B Singh
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054 India
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Akram AC, Noman S, Moniri-Javid R, Gizicki JP, Reed EA, Singh SB, Basu AS, Banno F, Fujimoto M, Ram JL. Development of an automated ballast water treatment verification system utilizing fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis as a measure of treatment efficacy. Water Res 2015; 70:404-413. [PMID: 25555225 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Methods for verifying ballast water treatments in foreign vessels are needed to protect the Great Lakes from the discharge of live non-native organisms or pathogens. A prototype automated viability test system using fluorescein diacetate (FDA), a membrane permeable fluorogen, to differentiate live from dead bacteria and algae is described. The automated fluorescence intensity detection device (AFIDD) captures cultured algae or organisms in Detroit River water (simulated ballast water) on 0.2 μm filters, backwashes them from the filter into a cuvette with buffer and FDA for subsequent fluorescence intensity measurements, and washes the filters with sterile water for serial automated reuse. Preliminary manual versions of these procedures were also tested. Tests of various buffers determined N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)taurine (BES) and 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) at pH 7.0 to be the best buffers, causing the least spontaneous FDA breakdown without inhibiting enzymatic activity. Fluorescence in the presence of live organisms increased linearly over time, and the rate of increase was dependent on the sample concentration. Following simulated ballast water treatments with heat or chlorine, the fluorescence produced by Detroit River samples decreased to near control (sterile water) levels. Automated measurements of FDA hydrolysis with a reusable filter backwash system should be applicable to near real-time remote-controlled monitoring of live organisms in ballast water.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Akram
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - S Noman
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - R Moniri-Javid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - J P Gizicki
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - E A Reed
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - S B Singh
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - A S Basu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - F Banno
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - M Fujimoto
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - J L Ram
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Singh N, Singh SB. Adsorption and leaching behaviour of bispyribac-sodium in soils. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2015; 94:125-128. [PMID: 25381585 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption-desorption of the herbicide bispyribac-sodium was studied in four Indian soil types. Bispyribac-sodium was poorly adsorbed in the four soils and adsorption decreased with an increase in the herbicide concentration in solution. Freundlich adsorption coefficient (Kf) values for bispyribac-sodium ranged between 0.37 and 0.87. Slope (1/n) values varied from 0.2 to 0.31 suggesting that bispyribac-sodium adsorption was highly dependent on its initial concentration in solution. Bispyribac-sodium adsorption showed a positive correlation with soil pH (r = 0.809) and clay content (r = 0.699) while no correlation was observed with the organic carbon (r = 0.063) content. Sorbed herbicide was completely desorbed during a single desorption step suggesting that the herbicide was bound by weak adsorptive forces. Leaching studies of herbicide in soil 1 packed column indicated complete loss of soil applied herbicide under a simulated rainfall equivalent to 162 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India,
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Mishra KP, Chanda S, Singh SB, Ganju L. A comparative immunological analysis of CoCl2 treated cells with in vitro hypoxic exposure. Biometals 2014; 28:175-85. [PMID: 25511110 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The hypoxic preconditioning of mammalian cells has been shown to have beneficial effects against hypoxic injuries. However, very little information is available on the comparative analysis of immunological responses to hypoxic and hypoxia mimetic exposure. Therefore, in the present study, mouse peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes were subjected to hypoxia exposure (0.5 % O2) and hypoxia mimetic Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) treatment to evaluate their effect on immune response and delineate the underlying signaling mechanisms. The results obtained indicated that super oxide generation increased while TLR4 expression and cell surface markers like CD25, CD40 and CD69 were suppressed in both the treatments as compared to normoxia. Cobalt chloride treatment increased NF-κB expression, nitric oxide (NO) and iNOS expression, cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 as compared to hypoxia exposure. Our study showed that CoCl2 stabilizes HIF-1α to create hypoxia like conditions but it mainly influences the inflammatory response via NF-κB signaling pathway by skewing the production of proinflammatory molecules like TNF-α, IL-6 and NO.
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Majumdar P, Singh SB, Dhara S, Chakraborty M. Influence of boron addition to Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy on MG63 osteoblast cell viability and protein adsorption. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2014; 46:62-8. [PMID: 25491960 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation, cell morphology and protein adsorption on near β-type Ti-13Zr-13Nb (TZN) alloy and Ti-13Zr-13Nb-0.5B (TZNB) composite have been investigated and compared to evaluate the effect of boron addition which has been added to the Ti alloy to improve their poor tribological properties by forming in situ TiB precipitates. MG63 cell proliferation on substrates with different chemistry but the same topography was compared. The MTT assay test showed that the cell viability on the TZN alloy was higher than the boron containing TZNB composite after 36 h of incubation and the difference was pronounced after 7 days. However, both the materials showed substantially higher cell attachment than the control (polystyrene). For the same period of incubation in fetal bovine serum (FBS), the amount of protein adsorbed on the surface of boron free TZN samples was higher than that in the case of boron containing TZNB composite. The presence of boron in the TZN alloy influenced protein adsorption and cell response and they are lower in TZNB than in TZN as a result of the associated difference in chemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Majumdar
- School of Mechanical Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - S B Singh
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - S Dhara
- School Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - M Chakraborty
- School of Mechanical Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
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Diwaker D, Mishra KP, Ganju L, Singh SB. Rhodiola inhibits dengue virus multiplication by inducing innate immune response genes RIG-I, MDA5 and ISG in human monocytes. Arch Virol 2014; 159:1975-86. [PMID: 24590566 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of virus infection by retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG) I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein (MDA) 5, which are RNA helicases, and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) 15 activates cascades of signal transduction pathways leading to production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines that orchestrate the elimination of the viruses. However, it has been demonstrated that RNA-helicase-mediated innate immunity plays an essential role in defending the host from infection. In our efforts to identify plant-derived antivirals that selectively enhance ISG- and RNA-helicase-mediated antiviral immune responses, we identified a plant, rhodiola, that significantly promoted ISG, RIG-I and MDA 5 gene expression and an antiviral immune response against dengue virus (DENV) infection. Rhodiola induced interferon (IFN) β and other cytokines, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, in infected cells. It was also found that rhodiola upregulated phosphorylated eIF-2α, PKR and NF-kB in infected cells. In addition, the number of NK cells was also increased by rhodiola treatment in dengue-virus-infected human PBMCs. Treatment with a crude extract of rhodiola (RAE) resulted in effects in the 20 % range, which is similar to the magnitude of the same effects observed in DENV infections. Taken together, our results imply that rhodiola induces pharmacological modulation of RIG-I, MDA 5 and ISG signal transduction pathways in favor of the induction of a beneficial antiviral immune response against dengue virus, which can be a novel therapeutic strategy for management of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishya Diwaker
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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Nirmal J, Singh SB, Biswas NR, Thavaraj V, Azad RV, Velpandian T. Potential pharmacokinetic role of organic cation transporters in modulating the transcorneal penetration of its substrates administered topically. Eye (Lond) 2013; 27:1196-203. [PMID: 23846373 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2013.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesize organic cation transporters (OCT) may have a potential role in determining the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of organic cation drugs applied topically. Hence, in the present in vivo study, we attempted to evaluate the role of OCT in modulating the transport of its substrates after topical application. METHODS New Zealand albino rabbits of either sex were used. Transcorneal penetration of OCT substrates tetraethylammonium and metformin after single instillation was evaluated in the absence and presence of OCT blockers (quinidine and atropine). Aqueous humor (AH) samples were collected through paracentesis amounting to 70-100 μl under topical anesthesia at various time intervals. The samples were subjected for estimation of both substrate as well as blocker concentrations using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. RESULTS Topical pre-treatment (30 min before substrate) of OCT blockers significantly decreased the transcorneal penetration of OCT substrates after single topical administration. The levels of blockers reaching AH in the presence of substrates were also modulated at 60 min after its administration as compared with its control. CONCLUSION OCT are functionally active in the uptake of their substrates from tear to AH. Therefore, OCT in the corneal epithelium may be positioned from apical to basolateral. When administering their substrates/blockers topically, both may be competing for OCT for their uptake across the cornea, thereby decreasing the corneal penetration. Hence OCT can have a potential pharmacokinetic role in modulating the ocular bioavailability of their substrates administered topically, which are used as ocular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nirmal
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Mishra KP, Jain S, Ganju L, Singh SB. Hypoxic Stress Induced TREM-1 and Inflammatory Chemokines in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 29:133-8. [PMID: 24757292 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition of low pO2, which creates a unique microenvironment affecting cell phenotype and subsequent immune response generation. Little is known about the impact of hypoxia on the phenotypic expression of NK cell, TREM-1, TLR-4 and inflammatory chemokines. In the present study we have determined the frequency of peripheral blood populations of CD16/CD56 (NK Cells) expressing cells, presence of activation marker CD354 (TREM-1), Toll like receptor (CD 284) on the cell surface and chemokines IL-8 and RANTES in the cellular supernatant of normoxia and hypoxia exposed cells by flow cytometry. GRP-78 expression was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The blood was collected from healthy individuals and exposed to normoxic and hypoxic (0.5 %) environment for 24 h. The percentage of NK cells (CD 16/56) was marginally up regulated while TLR-4 expression was diminished in hypoxia exposed cells as compare to the normoxic cells. TREM-1 expression was significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) in hypoxia as compared to the normoxic control. In addition when monocytic cell line THP-1 was exposed to 0.5 % hypoxia for 24 h, TLR4 expression was significantly decreased in hypoxic cells as compared to normoxic cells. Furthermore, GRP-78 mRNA expression was also upregulated by hypoxia or LPS exposure. These events are paralleled by strengthening up-regulation of the chemokines IL-8 and RANTES an otherwise necessary event for the chemotaxis of the neutrophils and macrophages to the inflammatory site. In conclusion, this study provides a novel insight into the mechanism linking low oxygen tension to the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, leading to new perspectives of the role of hypoxia in programming immune cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Mishra
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054 India
| | - Sonal Jain
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054 India
| | - Lilly Ganju
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054 India
| | - S B Singh
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054 India
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Verma AK, Agarwal AK, Dubey RS, Solomon S, Singh SB. Sugar partitioning in sprouting lateral bud and shoot development of sugarcane. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 62:111-115. [PMID: 23208305 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane is a leading energy crop of the world due to its ability to capitulate high sucrose. To understand the mechanism associated with shoot establishment from the lateral bud of sugarcane setts, at the time of germination, we established shoots and these shoots were incubated in total darkness and dark/light regime. The concentration of sugars (sucrose and hexoses) and activities of sugar metabolizing enzymes were measured from 0 to 21 days with 7 days intervals during shoot establishment using sugarcane cultivar CoS 97264. A decrease in sucrose concentration and increase in hexoses level was observed in intermodal tissues whereas in the shoots, the level of both sucrose and hexoses increased continuously during shoot establishment. During 0-21 days shooting period, the dry mass of internodes declined by 20 and 25% in plants incubated in dark/light and darkness respectively. All invertases, soluble acid invertase, neutral invertase and cell wall bound invertase were expressed with almost similar pattern in both the intermodal tissues and the shoots. The activity of enzyme sucrose synthase, measured within first 10 days of shooting in both types of tissues, appeared to be higher particularly in sugar breakdown direction. In the shoots, slight increase in sucrose synthase activity in sucrose synthesis direction was observed throughout shooting period in the shoots. The results suggest that sucrose is the main substrate used during shoot establishment and that shoot establishment period is characterized by increased activities of invertases and sucrose synthase and increased level of hexoses in the shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Verma
- UP Council of Sugarcane Research, Shahjahanpur 242001, U.P., India.
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Bhaumik G, Dass D, Bhattacharyya D, Sharma YK, Singh SB. Heart rate variabilty changes during first week of acclimatization to 3500 m altitude in Indian military personnel. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 57:16-22. [PMID: 24020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia induces the changes in autonomic control of heart rate. Due to emergencies or war like conditions, rapid deployment of Indian military personnel into high altitude frequently occurs. Rapid deployment to high altitude soldiers are at risk of developing high altitude sickness. The present study was conducted to evaluate the acute exposure to high altitude hypobaric hypoxia (3500 m altitude) on the autonomic nervous control of heart rate in Indian military personnel during first week of acclimatization Indices of heart rate variability (viz; R-R interval, total power, low frequency, high frequency, ratio of low to high frequency) and pulse arterial oxygen saturation were measured at sea level and 3500m altitude. Power spectrum of heart rate variability was quantified by low frequency (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high frequency (HF: 0.15-0.5 Hz) widths. The ratio of LF to HF was also assessed as an index of the sympathovagal balance. Mean R-R interval decreased significantly on day 2 on induction to altitude which tended to increase on day 5. Total power (TP) decreased high altitude and tended to recover within a week. Both HF and LF power showed decrement at 3500m in comparison to sea level. The ratio of LF to HF (LF/HF) at 3500m was significantly higher at 3500m. SpO2 values decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at high altitude on day-2 which increased on day-5. We conclude that autonomic control of the heart rate measured by heart rate variability was altered on acute induction to 3500m which showed a significant decrease in parasympathetic tone and increase in sympathetic tone, then acclimatization seems to be characterized by progressive shift toward a higher parasympathetic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bhaumik
- Scientists of Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi--110 054, India.
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Mishra KP, Ganju L, Singh SB. Anti-cellular and immunomodulatory potential of aqueous extract ofRhodiola imbricatarhizome. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:513-8. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.638307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Majumdar P, Singh SB, Chatterjee UK, Chakraborty M. Corrosion behaviour of heat treated boron free and boron containing Ti-13Zr-13Nb (wt%) alloy in simulated body fluid. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2011; 22:797-807. [PMID: 21442191 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The corrosion behaviour of heat treated Ti-13Zr-13Nb (TZN) and Ti-13Zr-13Nb-0.5B (TZNB) alloys in Hank's solution has been investigated. The microstructure of the heat treated TZN alloy consisted of α, β or martensite. Addition of boron to TZN alloy led to the formation of dispersed TiB particles and modification of microstructure. In general, the furnace cooled TZN sample showed lower corrosion potential (E(corr)) than the air cooled sample. Aging of water quenched samples decreased the E(corr) value. The passive current density of TZN samples varied within a narrow range. Presence of boron in TZN alloy decreased the corrosion potential and substantially increased the passive current density. Results showed that boron deteriorated the corrosion resistance of TZN alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Majumdar
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India,
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Verma AK, Upadhyay SK, Verma PC, Solomon S, Singh SB. Functional analysis of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) in sugarcane (Saccharum) cultivars. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2011; 13:325-32. [PMID: 21309979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) and sucrose synthase (SS; EC 2.4.1.13) are key enzymes in the synthesis and breakdown of sucrose in sugarcane. The activities of internodal SPS and SS, as well as transcript expression were determined using semi-quantitative RT-PCR at different developmental stages of high and low sucrose accumulating sugarcane cultivars. SPS activity and transcript expression was higher in mature internodes compared with immature internodes in all the studied cultivars. However, high sugar cultivars showed increased transcript expression and enzyme activity of SPS compared to low sugar cultivars at all developmental stages. SS activity was higher in immature internodes than in mature internodes in all cultivars; SS transcript expression showed a similar pattern. Our studies demonstrate that SPS activity was positively correlated with sucrose and negatively correlated with hexose sugars. However, SS activity was negatively correlated with sucrose and positively correlated with hexose sugars. The present study opens the possibility for improvement of sugarcane cultivars by increasing expression of the respective enzymes using transgene technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Verma
- U.P. Council of Sugarcane Research, Shahjahanpur, India.
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Biswas A, Ahmed M, Bharti VK, Singh SB. Effect of Antioxidants on Physio-biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Broiler Chicken at High Altitude. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jain SK, Prashar M, Bhardwaj SC, Singh SB, Sharma YP. Emergence of Virulence to Sr25 of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici on Wheat in India. Plant Dis 2009; 93:840. [PMID: 30764335 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-93-8-0840b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stem (black) rust, caused by Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn., is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. It could be controlled through introgression of race-specific resistance genes. However, such kind of resistance is mostly short lived due to emergence of new virulences. For example, resistance genes Sr11, Sr24, Sr30, and Sr31 are no longer effective (2,4). Detection of new virulences has remained vital in the evaluation and identification of new sources of resistance. We report here the detection of virulence to Sr25, a gene from Thinopyrum elongatum (4), which had been effective or partially effective against stem rust worldwide, including race Ug99 (TTKSK) (4). A stem rust isolate collected in 2006 from Karnataka (southern India) produced susceptible reactions (infection type [IT] 3+ to 4) on the primary leaves of differential genotype 'Agatha' carrying Sr25 and susceptible check 'Agra Local' at 22 ± 2°C. To verify virulence to Sr25, single-pustule isolates from this sample were inoculated onto seedlings of 'Agrus', 'Agatha', 'RL6040' ('Thatcher' + Sr25), 'Superseri#1', 'Wheatear', and 'Morocco' + Sr25 (obtained from CIMMYT), which all carry Sr25. All these accessions were found susceptible (IT 3+ to 4) to this isolate, except Wheatear which expressed resistance (IT ;1), indicating the presence of additional gene(s). These genotypes are resistant (ITs ;1 to 2+) to Sr25-avirulent pathotypes. The new pathotype is avirulent to Sr11, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, and Tmp and virulent to Sr5, 6, 7a, 7b, 8a, 9a, 9b, 9d, 9e, 9f, 9g, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 28, 30, 34, 36, 42, Wld-1, and Gt at 22 ± 2°C. This pathotype has been designated as 58G13-3 and PKTSC according to the Indian nomenclature (1) and the North American system (3), respectively. It represents race 40 based on Stakman's differentials. It may have arisen from race 40 through mutation. The type culture of the pathotype has been added to the culture collection at Flowerdale, Shimla. Interestingly, 'Festiguay' (Sr30) was found resistant to this pathotype, indicating the presence of additional gene(s), whereas 'Webster' (Sr30) was susceptible. Adult plants of Agrus, Agatha, RL6040, Superseri#1, and Morocco+Sr25 also were susceptible, producing 20S to 60S responses. Sr25-avirulent pathotype 62G29 produced a TR (flecking in traces) response on these lines except Morocco + Sr25 that showed 20 to 40MR (moderately resistant) responses. In the same study however, adult plants of Thatcher showed a resistant reaction (10R to MR) at low (16 ± 2°C) and susceptible (20S) at high (22 ± 2°C) temperatures. Agatha and RL6040, having Thatcher as one of the parents, had similar responses. The detection of Sr25 virulence is significant since Sr25 is an important gene to be targeted for breeding wheat cultivars resistant to Ug99. We should use either adult plant resistance and/or pyramiding two or more genes for seedling resistance to enhance the field life of wheat cultivars. References: (1) P. Bahadur et al. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 95:29, 1985. (2) S. C. Bhardwaj et al. J. Wheat Res. 1:51, 2007. (3) Y. Jin et al. Plant Dis. 92:923, 2008. (4) R. P. Singh et al. CAB Rev. No. 054:1, 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Jain
- Regional Station, Directorate of Wheat Research (ICAR), Flowerdale, Shimla-171 002, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - M Prashar
- Regional Station, Directorate of Wheat Research (ICAR), Flowerdale, Shimla-171 002, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - S C Bhardwaj
- Regional Station, Directorate of Wheat Research (ICAR), Flowerdale, Shimla-171 002, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - S B Singh
- Regional Station, Directorate of Wheat Research (ICAR), Flowerdale, Shimla-171 002, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Y P Sharma
- Regional Station, Directorate of Wheat Research (ICAR), Flowerdale, Shimla-171 002, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Barhwal K, Hota SK, Jain V, Prasad D, Singh SB, Ilavazhagan G. Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) prevents hypobaric hypoxia-induced spatial memory impairment through extracellular related kinase-mediated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 phosphorylation. Neuroscience 2009; 161:501-14. [PMID: 19318118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia, a condition involving decreased availability of oxygen is known to be associated with oxidative stress, neurodegeneration and memory impairment. The multifactorial response of the brain and the complex signaling pathways involved therewith limits the therapeutic efficacy of several antioxidants in ameliorating hypobaric hypoxia-induced memory impairment. The present study was therefore aimed at investigating the potential of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR), a known antioxidant that has been reported to augment neurotrophin-mediated survival mechanisms, in ameliorating hypoxia-induced neurodegeneration and memory impairment. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor involved in the cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress related to brain injury and neurological disorders. The study was designed to understand the mechanisms involving Nrf2 stabilization following exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The results displayed reference memory impairment in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (7620 m) for 14 consecutive days which however improved on administration of ALCAR during hypoxic exposure. The study also revealed Nrf2 regulated augmented antioxidant response on administration of ALCAR which was through a novel tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) receptor-mediated mechanism. A decrease in free radical generation, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation was also observed along with a concomitant increase in thioredoxin and reduced glutathione levels on administration of ALCAR during exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. The present study therefore reveals the therapeutic potential of ALCAR under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia and elucidates a novel mechanism of action of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Barhwal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
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Singh SB, Haider S, Kashyap V, Lal PK. Characteristics of malaria cases attending OPD of a tertiary level hospital in tribal area of Jharkhand. Indian J Public Health 2009; 53:58. [PMID: 19806835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
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49
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Pathak P, Haider S, Kashyap V, Singh SB, Lal PK. Patient's awareness and some behavioural issues related to TB and DOTS. Indian J Public Health 2008; 52:230-231. [PMID: 19189830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
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50
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Barve SA, Nandurkar NS, Chand N, Singh SB, Mithal N, Jagannath, Bhanage BM, Patil DS, Gantayet LM. Microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasma metal organic chemical vapour deposition of Y2O3 coatings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/114/1/012045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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