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Yao Z, Pan Z, Li G, Liao Z, Yu Z, Zhan L, Xia W. Talaromycosis from Wuhan: two-case report and literature review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1347677. [PMID: 38533387 PMCID: PMC10964487 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1347677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Talaromycosis is a serious opportunistic infectious disease caused by Talaromyces marneffei, which mostly occurs in immunocompromised patients. The disease is mainly prevalent in tropical countries and regions of Southeast Asia and South Asia, but non-endemic areas also have patients with Talaromycosis. The disease has no characteristic clinical manifestations and is difficult to diagnose. Delayed diagnosis often leads to death. Case presentation Both patients had cellular immunodeficiency. Case 1 had a history of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and case 2 had a history of renal transplantation and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. They all had fever, anemia, fatigue, and skin lesions. Case 1 had gastrointestinal bleeding, enlarged lymph nodes, and hepatosplenomegaly. Case 2 had cough and dyspnea. Both patients had thrombocytopenia and hypoalbuminemia; an increased neutrophil ratio, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein; and abnormal liver function and coagulation dysfunction. Case 1 sputum culture, blood culture, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were positive for T. marneffei. T. marneffei was detected in the blood culture of case 2, with infection of Candida parapsilosis and Pneumocystis jirovecii. Chest computed tomography scan mainly showed pulmonary exudative lesions. Although these two patients were actively treated, they died of poor efficacy. Conclusion Talaromycosis has an insidious onset, long course, atypical clinical symptoms, imaging performance and laboratory results, difficult diagnosis, and high mortality. Therefore, it is important to promptly consider and treat Talaromycosis in immunocompromised patients upon infection in order to reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenfang Xia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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2
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Wang Z, Yin J, Bai M, Yang J, Jiang C, Yi X, Liu Y, Gao C. New Polyene Macrolide Compounds from Mangrove-Derived Strain Streptomyces hiroshimensis GXIMD 06359: Isolation, Antifungal Activity, and Mechanism against Talaromyces marneffei. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:38. [PMID: 38248663 PMCID: PMC10819995 DOI: 10.3390/md22010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mangrove-derived actinomycetes represent a rich source of novel bioactive natural products in drug discovery. In this study, four new polyene macrolide antibiotics antifungalmycin B-E (1-4), along with seven known analogs (5-11), were isolated from the fermentation broth of the mangrove strain Streptomyces hiroshimensis GXIMD 06359. All compounds from this strain were purified using semi-preparative HPLC and Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration while following an antifungal activity-guided fractionation. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic techniques including UV, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR. These compounds exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity against Talaromyces marneffei with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values being in the range of 2-128 μg/mL except compound 2. This is the first report of polyene derivatives produced by S. hiroshimensis as bioactive compounds against T. marneffei. In vitro studies showed that compound 1 exerted a significantly stronger antifungal activity against T. marneffei than other new compounds, and the antifungal mechanism of compound 1 may be related to the disrupted cell membrane, which causes mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in leakage of intracellular biological components, and subsequently, cell death. Taken together, this study provides a basis for compound 1 preventing and controlling talaromycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Wang
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Z.W.); (J.Y.); (M.B.); (J.Y.); (C.J.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China;
| | - Jianglin Yin
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Z.W.); (J.Y.); (M.B.); (J.Y.); (C.J.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China;
- Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Meng Bai
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Z.W.); (J.Y.); (M.B.); (J.Y.); (C.J.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China;
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Z.W.); (J.Y.); (M.B.); (J.Y.); (C.J.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China;
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Z.W.); (J.Y.); (M.B.); (J.Y.); (C.J.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China;
| | - Xiangxi Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China;
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Z.W.); (J.Y.); (M.B.); (J.Y.); (C.J.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China;
| | - Chenghai Gao
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China; (Z.W.); (J.Y.); (M.B.); (J.Y.); (C.J.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China;
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3
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Wangsanut T, Sukantamala P, Pongpom M. Identification of glutathione metabolic genes from a dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei and their gene expression patterns under different environmental conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13888. [PMID: 37620377 PMCID: PMC10449922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei is a human fungal pathogen that causes endemic opportunistic infections, especially in Southeast Asia. The key virulence factors of T. marneffei are the ability to survive host-derived heat and oxidative stress, and the ability to convert morphology from environmental mold to fission yeast forms during infection. Glutathione metabolism plays an essential role in stress response and cellular development in multiple organisms. However, the role of the glutathione system in T. marneffei is elusive. Here, we identified the genes encoding principal enzymes associated with glutathione metabolism in T. marneffei, including glutathione biosynthetic enzymes (Gcs1 and Gcs2), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx1), glutathione reductase (Glr1), and a family of glutathione S-transferase (Gst). Sequence homology search revealed an extended family of the TmGst proteins, consisting of 20 TmGsts that could be divided into several classes. Expression analysis revealed that cells in conidia, mold, and yeast phases exhibited distinct expression profiles of glutathione-related genes. Also, TmGst genes were highly upregulated in response to hydrogen peroxide and xenobiotic exposure. Altogether, our findings suggest that T. marneffei transcriptionally regulates the glutathione genes under stress conditions in a cell-type-specific manner. This study could aid in understanding the role of glutathione in thermal-induced dimorphism and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaporn Wangsanut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Panwarit Sukantamala
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Monsicha Pongpom
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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4
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Hernández-Álvarez C, Peimbert M, Rodríguez-Martin P, Trejo-Aguilar D, Alcaraz LD. A study of microbial diversity in a biofertilizer consortium. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286285. [PMID: 37616263 PMCID: PMC10449135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofertilizers supply living microorganisms to help plants grow and keep their health. This study examines the microbiome composition of a commercial biofertilizer known for its plant growth-promoting activity. Using ITS and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, we describe the microbial communities of a biofertilizer, with 163 fungal species and 485 bacterial genera found. The biofertilizer contains a variety of microorganisms previously reported to enhance nutrient uptake, phytohormone production, stress tolerance, and pathogen resistance in plants. Plant roots created a microenvironment that boosted bacterial diversity but filtered fungal communities. Notably, preserving the fungal-inoculated substrate proves critical for keeping fungal diversity in the root fraction. We described that bacteria were more diverse in the rhizosphere than in the substrate. In contrast, root-associated fungi were less diverse than the substrate ones. We propose using plant roots as bioreactors to sustain dynamic environments that promote the proliferation of microorganisms with biofertilizer potential. The study suggests that bacteria grow close to plant roots, while root-associated fungi may be a subset of the substrate fungi. These findings show that the composition of the biofertilizer may be influenced by the selection of microorganisms associated with plant roots, which could have implications for the effectiveness of the biofertilizer in promoting plant growth. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the intricate interplay between plant roots and the biofertilizer's microbial communities. Understanding this relationship can aid in optimizing biofertilizer production and application, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices and improved crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Hernández-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Genómica Ambiental, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Peimbert
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Rodríguez-Martin
- Laboratorio de Genómica Ambiental, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dora Trejo-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Organismos Benéficos, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Luis D. Alcaraz
- Laboratorio de Genómica Ambiental, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
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5
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Wang F, Han R, Chen S. An Overlooked and Underrated Endemic Mycosis-Talaromycosis and the Pathogenic Fungus Talaromyces marneffei. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0005122. [PMID: 36648228 PMCID: PMC10035316 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00051-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromycosis is an invasive mycosis endemic in tropical and subtropical Asia and is caused by the pathogenic fungus Talaromyces marneffei. Approximately 17,300 cases of T. marneffei infection are diagnosed annually, and the reported mortality rate is extremely high (~1/3). Despite the devastating impact of talaromycosis on immunocompromised individuals, particularly HIV-positive persons, and the increase in reported occurrences in HIV-uninfected persons, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for talaromycosis have received far too little attention worldwide. In 2021, scientists living in countries where talaromycosis is endemic raised a global demand for it to be recognized as a neglected tropical disease. Therefore, T. marneffei and the infectious disease induced by this fungus must be treated with concern. T. marneffei is a thermally dimorphic saprophytic fungus with a complicated mycological growth process that may produce various cell types in its life cycle, including conidia, hyphae, and yeast, all of which are associated with its pathogenicity. However, understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of T. marneffei has been limited until recently. To achieve a holistic view of T. marneffei and talaromycosis, the current knowledge about talaromycosis and research breakthroughs regarding T. marneffei growth biology are discussed in this review, along with the interaction of the fungus with environmental stimuli and the host immune response to fungal infection. Importantly, the future research directions required for understanding this serious infection and its causative pathogenic fungus are also emphasized to identify solutions that will alleviate the suffering of susceptible individuals worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - RunHua Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shi Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Guo P, Li L, Tang X. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of talaromycosis in patients with AIDS. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2687-2689. [PMID: 36719357 PMCID: PMC9944683 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pengle Guo
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
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7
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Wang L, Luo Y, Li X, Li Y, Xia Y, He T, Huang Y, Xu Y, Yang Z, Ling J, Weng R, Zhu X, Qi Z, Yang J. Talaromyces marneffei Infections in 8 Chinese Children with Inborn Errors of Immunity. Mycopathologia 2022; 187:455-467. [PMID: 36180657 PMCID: PMC9524311 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-022-00659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Talaromyces marneffei (TM) is an opportunistic fungus leading to multi-organ damages and poor prognosis in immunocompromised individuals. TM infections in children are rare and our knowledge to TM infection is insufficient. To investigate the clinical characteristics of TM-infected children and to explore the underlying mechanisms for host against TM, we analysed TM-infected patients diagnosed in our hospital. Methods Eight patients with TM infections have been identified in Shenzhen Children’s Hospital during 2017–2021. Clinical data were collected from medical records. Immunological features were evaluated by flow cytometry. Literatures were also reviewed to summarize the reported inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) with TM infections. Results All 8 children were HIV-negative. The most common symptom of TM infections was fever (8/8), followed by weight loss (7/8), pneumonia (7/8), hepatomegaly (7/8), splenomegaly (6/8), anemia (6/8), lymphadenopathy (5/8), thrombocytopenia (3/8), diarrhea (3/8), rashes or skin lesions (3/8), and osteolytic lesions (1/8). Five children died during the follow-ups. CD3+ T cells were decreased in 6 patients. Eight patients had reduced natural killer cells. All patients went gene sequencing and were finally diagnosed as IEIs, including STAT1 gain-of-function, IL-2 receptor common gamma chain deficiency, adenosine deaminase deficiency, CD40 ligand deficiency, and STAT3 deficiency. Another 4 types of IEIs (CARD9, IFN-γ receptor 1, RelB, and NFKB2 deficiency), have been reported with TM infections based on literature review. Conclusion TM infections resulted in systemic injuries and high mortality. The spectrum of IEIs underlying TM infections indicated that T cell-mediated immunity, IFN-γ, IL-17 signalings and NF-κB pathways were important for host responses against TM infection. In reverse, for HIV-negative children without other secondary immunodeficiencies, IEIs should be considered in TM-infected children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11046-022-00659-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongshan Boai Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Zhongshan, 528403, China
| | - Yixian Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Tingyan He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Yongbin Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Jiayun Ling
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Ruohang Weng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Xiaona Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Zhongxiang Qi
- Shenzhen Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 7019 Yitian Road, Shenzhen, 518026, China.
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8
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Talaromyces marneffei Infection: Virulence, Intracellular Lifestyle and Host Defense Mechanisms. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020200. [PMID: 35205954 PMCID: PMC8880324 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Talaromycosis (Penicilliosis) is an opportunistic mycosis caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei. Similar to other major causes of systemic mycoses, the extent of disease and outcomes are the results of complex interactions between this opportunistic human pathogen and a host’s immune response. This review will highlight the current knowledge regarding the dynamic interaction between T. marneffei and mammalian hosts, particularly highlighting important aspects of virulence factors, intracellular lifestyle and the mechanisms of immune defense as well as the strategies of the pathogen for manipulating and evading host immune cells.
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9
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Hu W, Yu XH, Wei WQ, Xiang X. HIV-child with disseminated Talaromyces Marneffei (Penicillium marneffei) infection: a rare severe case report. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:28. [PMID: 34996393 PMCID: PMC8739672 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-03100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Talaromyces Marneffei (Penicillium marneffei, T.marneffei) has been frequently reported in patients with adult acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Still, cases of children with HIV combined with T.marneffei infection are very rare. This report describes the case of a HIV-child who is a girl from China. Her special clinical manifestations and laboratory diagnosis results can provide clinicians with the basis for diagnosis and treatment of T.marneffei related rare diseases. Case presntation We reported a single case of 7-year-old Chinese female patient who presented with fever, abdominal pain, multiple lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, left lower extremity ecchymosis, and bloody stool. The patient received anti-inflammatory therapy; however, her symptoms did not improve. Consequently, she was diagnosed with T.marneffei and HIV infection; it was also confirmed that her mother did not undergo HIV blocking therapy during pregnancy. Yet, the child’s family refused all treatment, after which the child was discharged from the hospital. The patient died a few days later. Conclusion This case suggested that children with AIDS suffering from fever, lymphadenopathy and coagulation dysfunction, penicilliosis should be suspected. Clinicians should diagnose the disease early through laboratory and imaging results, which can help reduce the mortality, prolong the survival time and improve the quality of life of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Emergency department, Guiyang Second People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Emergency department, Guiyang Second People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Wei-Qin Wei
- Emergency department, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xuan Xiang
- Emergency department, Guiyang Second People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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10
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Peng Y, Chen Y, Ma J, Zhou W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zheng H, Shi W. Role and mechanism of the Dectin-1-mediated Syk/NF-κB signaling pathway in Talaromyces marneffei infection. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:84. [PMID: 34938366 PMCID: PMC8688926 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (Dectin-1), a C-type lectin receptor, serves a critical role in host antifungal immunity. However, the molecular mechanism and function of Dectin-1-mediated signaling in response to infection by the pathogenic fungus Talaromyces marneffei remains unclear. To understand the role of Dectin-1 signaling against T. marneffei infection, the phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, α (IκBα) and NF-κB were analyzed using western blotting, and the secretion of cytokines was detected using ELISA. Upon sporular or hyphal heat-killed T. marneffei stimulation, Dectin-1 in THP-1 macrophages recognized and induced the activation of Syk, and in turn triggered phosphorylation of downstream molecules IκBα and NF-κB, thus increasing the secretion of TNF-α and IL-8. Conversely, knockdown of Dectin-1 in THP-1 macrophages downregulated the phosphorylation of Syk, IκBα and NF-κB molecules, and significantly decreased the production of TNF-α and IL-8. These results indicated that Dectin-1 may have a crucial role in inducing the inflammatory response via increasing levels of TNF-α and IL-8 induced by T. marneffei, whereas NF-κB may be the key downstream molecule involved in the response to T. marneffei infection. Subsequently, THP-1 macrophages could orchestrate the innate immune system by releasing the cytokines TNF-α and IL-8. Therefore, it was hypothesized that regulation of the Dectin-1 signaling pathway may effectively interfere with the defense ability of the host against T. marneffei infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jinhong Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yuyue Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Xia XJ, Zhong Y, Sang B, Li QP, Zhi HL, Lv WW, Shen H, Liu ZH. Violet colonies of Talaromyces marneffei produce on CHROMagar candida medium. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 101:115533. [PMID: 34587571 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present report, we describe an unusual case of mixed infection of Candida albicans and Talaromyces marneffei in the oral cavity and oropharynx with cutaneous involvement. On the CHROMagar Candida plate, green colonies (identified as C. albicans) and tiny violet colonies (identified as T. marneffei) grew from the throat swab after incubation for 96 hours. 10 clinical isolates of T. marneffei were used to verify their color production on CHROMagar Candida. All colonies were violet on the fourth, seventh and ninth day incubated at 37 °C. T. marneffei appears violet on the CHROMagar Candida plate, but it may be easily ignored because of its slow growth and small colony size, especially after incubation for 48 hours. Therefore, when using CHROMagar Candida plate to detect specimens in AIDS patients, special attention must be paid to detect non-yeasts such as T. marneffei for up to 96 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Jiao Xia
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bo Sang
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Ping Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Lin Zhi
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Lv
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Ze-Hu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
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Talaromyces marneffei. Emerg Infect Dis 2021. [PMCID: PMC8386783 DOI: 10.3201/eid2709.210318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Sun J, Sun W, Tang Y, Zhang R, Liu L, Shen Y, Wang J, Chen J, Qi T, Wang Z, Song W, Lin Y, Xu S, Lu H. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for poor prognosis among HIV patients with Talaromyces marneffei bloodstream infection. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:514. [PMID: 34074256 PMCID: PMC8170804 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Talaromyces marneffei (TM) bloodstream infection is common in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients with extreme immunodeficiency in Southeast Asia and South China, however, clinical case study on TM bloodstream infection is scarce. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of TM bloodstream infection in hospitalized AIDS patients and determined the outcomes of hospitalization after diagnosis in our hospital over the past 5 years. Methods From January 2015 to July 2020, 87 cases of TM detected by blood culture in patients admitted to our center were collected. The admission complaints, blood cells, biochemistry, CD4 and CD8 cell counts and 1,3-β-D-glucan (BDG), procalcitonin (PCT), CRP level on the day of blood culture test, and outcomes during hospitalization were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed for the risk factors for poor prognosis (60 cases). Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between peripheral blood cells, albumin and the time required for TM turnaround in blood culture. The difference was statistically significant when the P value was < 0.05. Results A total of 87 patients were collected, with a median age of 34 years, a median hemoglobin of 94 g/L and CD4 count of 7/μl. The rate of TM bloodstream infection among all in-hospital patients increased from 0.99% in 2015 to 2.09% in 2020(half year). Patients with TM bloodstream infection with CD8 count < 200/μl had a 12.6-fold higher risk of poor prognosis than those with CD8 count > 200/μl (p = 0.04), and those with BDG < 100 pg/mL had a 34.9-fold higher risk of poor prognosis than those with BDG > 100 pg/mL (p = 0.01). Conclusions TM bloodstream infection is becoming more common in advanced AIDS patients in endemic areas. For those patients with extremely low CD4 and CD8 cell counts below 200/μl is with an increased risk of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Sun
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhong Shen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangrong Wang
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tangkai Qi
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiao Lin
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuibao Xu
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Infectious Disease, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Gnat S, Łagowski D, Nowakiewicz A, Dyląg M. A global view on fungal infections in humans and animals: infections caused by dimorphic fungi and dermatophytoses. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2688-2704. [PMID: 33754409 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections are still underappreciated and their prevalence is underestimated, which renders them a serious public health problem. Realistic discussions about their distribution, symptoms, and control can improve management and diagnosis and contribute to refinement of preventive actions using currently available tools. This article represents an overview of dermatophytes and endemic fungi that cause infections in humans and animals. In addition, the impact of climate change on the fungal spread is discussed. The endemic fungal infections characterized in this article include coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, lobomycosis, emergomycosis and sporotrichosis. Moreover the geographic distribution of these fungi, which are known to be climate sensitive and/or limited to endemic tropical and subtropical areas, is highlighted. In turn, dermatophytes cause superficial fungal infections of skin, hairs and nails, which are the most prevalent mycoses worldwide with a high economic burden. Therefore, the possibility of causing zoonoses and reverse zoonoses by dermatophytes is highly important. In conclusion, the article illustrates the current issues of the epidemiology and distribution of fungal diseases, emphasizing the lack of public programmes for prevention and control of these types of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gnat
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - D Łagowski
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - A Nowakiewicz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Dyląg
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Huang W, Li T, Zhou C, Wei F, Cao C, Jiang J. Voriconazole Versus Amphotericin B as Induction Therapy for Talaromycosis in HIV/AIDS Patients: A Retrospective Study. Mycopathologia 2021; 186:269-276. [PMID: 33616828 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated talaromycosis caused by Talaromyces marneffei is a life-threatening opportunistic infection. Although amphotericin B deoxycholate (dAmB) remains the first-line induction treatment, voriconazole can also be used. However, no clinical trials have compared dAmB and voriconazole in the administration of talaromycosis. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of voriconazole or dAmB as induction therapy for talaromycosis in HIV-infected patients. We enrolled HIV-infected patients with a confirmed Talaromyces marneffei infection who received intravenous dAmB (0.6 to 0.7 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks) or voriconazole (6 mg/kg every 12 h on day 1 and 4 mg/kg every 12 h afterward) as induction therapy, followed by oral itraconazole as consolidation and maintenance therapy. Drug efficacy was evaluated based on response rate. Drug safety was evaluated based on the occurrence of adverse events. In total, 58 patients who received voriconazole and 82 who received dAmB were enrolled from two hospitals. The voriconazole and dAmB treatment groups had similar response rates at the primary and follow-up efficacy evaluations. However, the durations of induction antifungal therapy and hospital stay were shorter for patients in the voriconazole group than in the dAmB group. Few adverse reactions occurred in either the voriconazole or dAmB group. Our retrospective study indicated that voriconazole is an effective and safe induction antifungal drug for HIV-associated disseminated talaromycosis. The duration of induction treatment with voriconazole was shorter, indicating its potential as a better choice in clinical practice. The duration of voriconazole induction therapy is 11 to 13 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weie Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Changjing Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Baise People's Hospital, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Fanglin Wei
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cunwei Cao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianning Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Characterization of a novel yeast phase-specific antigen expressed during in vitro thermal phase transition of Talaromyces marneffei. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21169. [PMID: 33273617 PMCID: PMC7713699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei is a dimorphic fungus that has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen particularly in individuals with HIV/AIDS. Since its dimorphism has been associated with its virulence, the transition from mold to yeast-like cells might be important for fungal pathogenesis, including its survival inside of phagocytic host cells. We investigated the expression of yeast antigen of T.marneffei using a yeast-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 4D1 during phase transition. We found that MAb 4D1 recognizes and binds to antigenic epitopes on the surface of yeast cells. Antibody to antigenic determinant binding was associated with time of exposure, mold to yeast conversion, and mammalian temperature. We also demonstrated that MAb 4D1 binds to and recognizes conidia to yeast cells’ transition inside of a human monocyte-like THP-1 cells line. Our studies are important because we demonstrated that MAb 4D1 can be used as a tool to study T.marneffei virulence, furthering the understanding of the therapeutic potential of passive immunity in this fungal pathogenesis.
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Talaromycosis (Penicilliosis) Due to Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei: Insights into the Clinical Trends of a Major Fungal Disease 60 Years After the Discovery of the Pathogen. Mycopathologia 2019; 184:709-720. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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