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Zhan J, Yang S, Zhang W, Zhou D, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Wang W, Wei C. Evaluation of progression-free survival as a surrogate end point in primary CNS lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2123-2133. [PMID: 37882339 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) as early surrogate endpoints for overall survival (OS) in primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Library were searched up to 7 June 2022. Trial-level analyses were performed by weighted linear regression of logarithmic hazard ratios for PFS and OS. Treatment arm-level analyses were performed between PFS rates and 3- or 5-year OS rates. Results: 1471 PCNSL patients in nine randomized control trials were included. PFS was associated with OS (r = 0.750; 95% CI: 0.228-0.937). Strong linear correlations existed between 1-, 2- and 3-year PFS and 3-year OS (r = 0.896-0.928), moderate or weak correlations existed between 3- to 6-month PFS and 3-year OS, 3-month to 5-year PFS and 5-year OS. Conclusion: Short-term PFS can validly substitute for long-term OS in PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shijie Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Daobin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Danqing Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chong Wei
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
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Othman T, Quan MA, Zhang S, Gaut D, Young PA, Mahmood O, Abdulhaq H, Shieh K, Reid J, Brem EA, Hariharan N, Heyman B, Tuscano J. Impact of Thiotepa-Based Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma in First Complete Remission: A University of California Hematologic Malignancies Consortium Retrospective Analysis. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2023; 23:749-756. [PMID: 37336714 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The choice between nonmyeloablative chemotherapy (NMA-C) or autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (autoHCT) as consolidation in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), and timing of autoHCT differs among centers. We aimed to clarify these points. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed PCNSL adult patients who received consolidation in CR1 or underwent autoHCT during their treatment course. Cohort A included those who underwent autoHCT in CR1, cohort B included those who underwent NMA-C in CR1, and cohort C included patients who underwent autoHCT in CR2+. We compared cohorts A and B, and cohorts A and C. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), treatment-related mortality (TRM) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR). RESULTS 36 patients were included in cohort A, 30 in cohort B, and 14 in cohort C. The 5-year OS for cohorts A vs B and vs C were 90.7% vs 62.8% (P = .045) and vs 77.9% (P = .32), respectively. The 5-year PFS from diagnosis for cohorts A vs B was 87.8% vs 37.3% (P < .001). The 5-year PFS from autoHCT for cohorts A vs C was 87.6% vs 58.4% (P = .023). The 5-year TRM and CIR in cohorts A vs B was 9.4% vs 9.5% (P = .674), and 2.9% vs 53.2% (P < .001), respectively. The 5-year TRM and CIR in cohorts A vs C from the time of autoHCT was 9.5% vs 22.1% (P = .188), and 2.9% vs 19.5% (P = .104), respectively. CONCLUSION Despite the limitations, thiotepa-based autoHCT in CR1 appears to improve outcomes in eligible patients with PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Othman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cellular Therapy, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Malignant Hematology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Michelle A Quan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cellular Therapy, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Malignant Hematology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Shiliang Zhang
- Division of Hematology Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine and University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daria Gaut
- Division of Hematology Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine and University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Patricia A Young
- Division of Hematology Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine and University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Omar Mahmood
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Fresno campus, Fresno, CA
| | - Haifaa Abdulhaq
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Fresno campus, Fresno, CA
| | - Kevin Shieh
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jack Reid
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA
| | - Elizabeth A Brem
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nisha Hariharan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Benjamin Heyman
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Joseph Tuscano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cellular Therapy, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Malignant Hematology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA.
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Bonm AV, Menghini A, Drolet CE, Graber JJ. Temporalis muscle thickness predicts early relapse and short survival in primary CNS lymphoma. Neurooncol Pract 2023; 10:162-168. [PMID: 36970167 PMCID: PMC10037939 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most patients with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) achieve durable remission whereas a minority die in the first year. Sarcopenia is a powerful predictor of mortality in the brain and systemic cancers. Temporalis muscle thickness (TMT) is a validated radiographic measure of sarcopenia. We hypothesized that patients with thin TMT at diagnosis would have early progression and short survival. Methods Two blinded operators retrospectively measured TMT in 99 consecutive brain MRIs from untreated patients with PCNSL. Results We generated a receiver operator characteristic curve and chose a single threshold defining thin TMT in all patients as <5.65 mm, at which specificity and sensitivity for 1-year progression were 98.4% and 29.7% and for 1-year mortality were 97.4% and 43.5% respectively. Those with thin TMT were both more likely to progress (P < .001) and had higher rates of mortality (P < .001). These effects were independent of the effect of age, sex, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status in a cox regression. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center score did not predict progression-free survival or overall survival as well as TMT. Patients with thin TMT received fewer cycles of high-dose methotrexate and were less likely to receive consolidation but neither variable could be included in the Cox regression due to violation of the proportional hazards assumption. Conclusions We conclude that PCNSL patients with thin TMT are at high risk for early relapse and short survival. Future trials should stratify patients by TMT to avoid confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alipi V Bonm
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anthony Menghini
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caroline E Drolet
- Center for Neurosciences and Spine, Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jerome J Graber
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Steffanoni S, Calimeri T, Marktel S, Nitti R, Foppoli M, Ferreri AJM. Diagnosis and Treatment Using Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020526. [PMID: 36672475 PMCID: PMC9856418 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consolidation therapy has improved the outcome of newly diagnosed PCNSL patients. Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) was the first consolidation strategy used and represented the gold standard for many years, but at the expense of a high risk of neurotoxicity. Thus, alternative strategies are being investigated in order to improve disease outcomes and to spare the neurocognitive side effects due to WBRT. METHODS We reviewed published studies on PCNSL patients treated with HDC/ASCT, focusing on the efficacy and safety of the conditioning regimens. Prospective and retrospective studies, published in the English language from 1992 to 2022, in high-quality international journals were identified in PubMed. RESULTS Consolidation with HDC containing highly CNS-penetrating agents (thiotepa, busulfan or BCNU) followed by ASCT provided long-term disease control and survival in PCNSL patients. Two prospective randomized studies, comparing HDC/ASCT versus WBRT, reported similar progression-free survival (PFS) and similar results on the decline in neurocognitive functions in a substantial proportion of patients after WBRT but not after HDC-ASCT. A recent randomized study comparing HDC/ASCT versus non-myeloablative consolidation reported a longer PFS in transplanted patients. CONCLUSION ASCT conditioned with regimens, including highly CNS-penetrating agents, represents, to date, the best choice among the available consolidation strategies for fit newly diagnosed PCNSL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Steffanoni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Calimeri
- Lymphoma Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Marktel
- Hematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Nitti
- Hematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Foppoli
- Lymphoma Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Mair A, Muigg A, Stockhammer G, Mangesius S, Wolf D, Gunsilius E. Sustained Complete Remission in Multi-Relapsed Primary CNS Lymphoma Treated with Ibrutinib Monotherapy: A Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 14:1337-1341. [PMID: 34720938 PMCID: PMC8525268 DOI: 10.1159/000518528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a highly aggressive malignant disease with a high recurrence rate and a poor prognosis. We present the case of a 71-year-old woman diagnosed with PCNSL in June 2010. After 3 relapses and intensive treatment with multiple chemotherapy regimens and whole-brain radiotherapy, she received off-label treatment with the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib, responded well, achieved a complete remission, and is progression-free for now >3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mair
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armin Muigg
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Stephanie Mangesius
- Department of Neuroradiology, Neuroimaging core facility, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eberhard Gunsilius
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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