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El-Shetry ES, Ibrahim IA, Kamel AM, Abdelwahab OA. Quercetin mitigates doxorubicin-induced neurodegenerative changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats; insights to DNA damage, inflammation, synaptic plasticity. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102313. [PMID: 38286061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most effective anti-neoplastic agents. Quercetin (QE) exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. AIM To detect neuroprotective properties of quercetin in rats exposed to doxorubicin-induced brain injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS 48 rats were allocated equally into four groups: control group: (given normal saline), QE group: (given 80 mg/kg of QE orally daily for 2 weeks), Dox group: (received 2.5 mg/kg of Dox every other day for a total of seven intraperitoneal injections), and Dox+QE group: (received 2.5 mg/kg of Dox every other day for a total of seven intraperitoneal injections and 80 mg/kg of QE orally daily for 2 weeks). Subsequently, biochemical analyses were carried out along with histopathological (light and electron microscopic) and immunohistochemical examinations of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. RESULTS The Dox group revealed a decline in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, along with an increase in malondialdehyde and an increase in DNA damage. Furthermore, sections of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus revealed neurodegenerative changes, decreased synaptophysin, and increased Interleukin-1 beta expressions. Biochemical and histopathological results were markedly improved by QE administration. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that QE induces protective effects against Dox-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S El-Shetry
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Amin Ibrahim
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Mahde Kamel
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ola Ali Abdelwahab
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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2
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Zhong R, Rua MT, Wei-LaPierre L. Targeting mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Physiol 2024; 602:1519-1549. [PMID: 38010626 PMCID: PMC11032238 DOI: 10.1113/jp284143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron (MN) loss, muscle denervation and paralysis. Over the past several decades, researchers have made tremendous efforts to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underpinning ALS, with much yet to be resolved. ALS is described as a non-cell autonomous condition with pathology detected in both MNs and non-neuronal cells, such as glial cells and skeletal muscle. Studies in ALS patient and animal models reveal ubiquitous abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function, and disturbance of intracellular calcium homeostasis in various tissue types, suggesting a pivotal role of aberrant mitochondrial calcium uptake and dysfunctional calcium signalling cascades in ALS pathogenesis. Calcium signalling and mitochondrial dysfunction are intricately related to the manifestation of cell death contributing to MN loss and skeletal muscle dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of intracellular calcium signalling, particularly mitochondrial calcium uptake, in ALS pathogenesis. Functional consequences of excessive mitochondrial calcium uptake and possible therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial calcium uptake or the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, the main channel mediating mitochondrial calcium influx, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjia Zhong
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China, 110001
| | - Michael T. Rua
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
| | - Lan Wei-LaPierre
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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3
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Abd Elkader HTAE, Al-Shami AS. Chronic exposure to bisphenol A induces behavioural, neurochemical, histological, and ultrastructural alterations in the ganglia tissue of the date mussels Lithophaga lithophaga. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:109041-109062. [PMID: 37768489 PMCID: PMC10622395 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a common plastic additive, has been demonstrated mechanistically to be a potential endocrine disruptor and to affect a variety of body functions in organisms. Although previous research has shown that BPA is toxic to aquatic organisms, the mechanism of neurotoxic effects in marine bivalves remains unknown. The current study aimed to elucidate the neurotoxic effects of BPA when administered at different concentrations (0.25, 1, 2, and 5 µg/L) for twenty-eight days in the ganglia of a bivalve model, the Mediterranean mussel (Lithophaga lithophaga), which is an ecologically and economically important human food source of bivalve species in the Mediterranean Sea. Our findings revealed an increase in behavioural disturbances and malondialdehyde levels in treated mussel ganglia compared to the control group. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase activity increased in the ganglia of L. lithophaga treated with 0.25 and 2 µg/L. However, at BPA concentrations of 1 and 5 µg/L, SOD activity was significantly reduced, as was total glutathione concentration. BPA causes neurotoxicity, as evidenced by concentration-dependent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, dopamine, and serotonin. After chronic exposure to BPA, neurons showed distortion of the neuronal cell body and varying degrees of pyknosis. The ultrastructure changes in BPA-treated groups revealed the lightening of the nucleoplasm and a shrunken nuclear envelope. Overall, our findings suggest that BPA exposure altered antioxidation, neurochemical biomarkers, histopathological, and ultrastructural properties, resulting in behavioural changes. As a result, our findings provide a basis for further study into the toxicity of BPA in marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed S Al-Shami
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Biotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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4
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Inoue R, Nishimune H. Neuronal Plasticity and Age-Related Functional Decline in the Motor Cortex. Cells 2023; 12:2142. [PMID: 37681874 PMCID: PMC10487126 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological aging causes a decline of motor function due to impairment of motor cortex function, losses of motor neurons and neuromuscular junctions, sarcopenia, and frailty. There is increasing evidence suggesting that the changes in motor function start earlier in the middle-aged stage. The mechanism underlining the middle-aged decline in motor function seems to relate to the central nervous system rather than the peripheral neuromuscular system. The motor cortex is one of the responsible central nervous systems for coordinating and learning motor functions. The neuronal circuits in the motor cortex show plasticity in response to motor learning, including LTP. This motor cortex plasticity seems important for the intervention method mechanisms that revert the age-related decline of motor function. This review will focus on recent findings on the role of plasticity in the motor cortex for motor function and age-related changes. The review will also introduce our recent identification of an age-related decline of neuronal activity in the primary motor cortex of middle-aged mice using electrophysiological recordings of brain slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Inoue
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Nishimune
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan;
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumicho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
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5
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Aquilani R, Cotta Ramusino M, Maestri R, Iadarola P, Boselli M, Perini G, Boschi F, Dossena M, Bellini A, Buonocore D, Doria E, Costa A, Verri M. Several dementia subtypes and mild cognitive impairment share brain reduction of neurotransmitter precursor amino acids, impaired energy metabolism, and lipid hyperoxidation. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1237469. [PMID: 37655338 PMCID: PMC10466813 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1237469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Dementias and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are associated with variously combined changes in the neurotransmitter system and signaling, from neurotransmitter synthesis to synaptic binding. The study tested the hypothesis that different dementia subtypes and MCI may share similar reductions of brain availability in amino acid precursors (AAPs) of neurotransmitter synthesis and concomitant similar impairment in energy production and increase of oxidative stress, i.e., two important metabolic alterations that impact neurotransmission. Materials and methods Sixty-five demented patients (Alzheimer's disease, AD, n = 44; frontotemporal disease, FTD, n = 13; vascular disease, VaD, n = 8), 10 subjects with MCI and 15 control subjects (CTRL) were recruited for this study. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma levels of AAPs, energy substrates (lactate, pyruvate), and an oxidative stress marker (malondialdehyde, MDA) were measured in all participants. Results Demented patients and subjects with MCI were similar for age, anthropometric parameters, biohumoral variables, insulin resistance (HOMA index model), and CSF neuropathology markers. Compared to age-matched CTRL, both demented patients and MCI subjects showed low CSF AAP tyrosine (precursor of dopamine and catecholamines), tryptophan (precursor of serotonin), methionine (precursor of acetylcholine) limited to AD and FTD, and phenylalanine (an essential amino acid largely used for protein synthesis) (p = 0.03 to <0.0001). No significant differences were found among dementia subtypes or between each dementia subtype and MCI subjects. In addition, demented patients and MCI subjects, compared to CTRL, had similar increases in CSF and plasma levels of pyruvate (CSF: p = 0.023 to <0.0001; plasma: p < 0.002 to <0.0001) and MDA (CSF: p < 0.035 to 0.002; plasma: p < 0.0001). Only in AD patients was the CSF level of lactate higher than in CTRL (p = 0.003). Lactate/pyruvate ratios were lower in all experimental groups than in CTRL. Conclusion AD, FTD, and VaD dementia patients and MCI subjects may share similar deficits in AAPs, partly in energy substrates, and similar increases in oxidative stress. These metabolic alterations may be due to AAP overconsumption following high brain protein turnover (leading to phenylalanine reductions), altered mitochondrial structure and function, and an excess of free radical production. All these metabolic alterations may have a negative impact on synaptic plasticity and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Aquilani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Cotta Ramusino
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology and Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia, IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Dementia Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Maestri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering of the Montescano Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Montescano, Italy
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mirella Boselli
- Neurorehabilitation Unit of the Montescano Institute, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Montescano, Italy
| | - Giulia Perini
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology and Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia, IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Dementia Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Boschi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizia Dossena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Bellini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Buonocore
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Doria
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Costa
- Unit of Behavioral Neurology and Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia, IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Verri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Rozenfeld M, Azoulay IS, Ben Kasus Nissim T, Stavsky A, Melamed M, Stutzmann G, Hershfinkel M, Kofman O, Sekler I. Essential role of the mitochondrial Na +/Ca 2+ exchanger NCLX in mediating PDE2-dependent neuronal survival and learning. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111772. [PMID: 36476859 PMCID: PMC10521900 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired phosphodiesterase (PDE) function and mitochondrial Ca2+ (i.e., [Ca2+]m) lead to multiple health syndromes by an unknown pathway. Here, we fluorescently monitor robust [Ca2+]m efflux mediated by the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger NCLX in hippocampal neurons sequentially evoked by caffeine and depolarization. Surprisingly, neuronal depolarization-induced Ca2+ transients alone fail to evoke strong [Ca2+]m efflux in wild-type (WT) neurons. However, pre-treatment with the selective PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 effectively rescues [Ca2+]m efflux similarly to caffeine. Moreover, PDE2 acts by diminishing mitochondrial cAMP, thus promoting NCLX phosphorylation at its PKA site. We find that the protection of neurons against excitotoxic insults, conferred by PDE2 inhibition in WT neurons, is NCLX dependent. Finally, the administration of Bay 60-7550 enhances new object recognition in WT, but not in NCLX knockout (KO), mice. Our results identify a link between PDE and [Ca2+]m signaling that may provide effective therapy for cognitive and ischemic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Rozenfeld
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ivana Savic Azoulay
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tsipi Ben Kasus Nissim
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexandra Stavsky
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moran Melamed
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Grace Stutzmann
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago Medical School, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michal Hershfinkel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ora Kofman
- Department of Psychology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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7
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Badal KK, Puthanveettil SV. Axonal transport deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 123:103786. [PMID: 36252719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal transport is a major cellular process that mediates bidirectional signaling between the soma and synapse, enabling both intracellular and intercellular communications. Cellular materials, such as proteins, RNAs, and organelles, are transported by molecular motor proteins along cytoskeletal highways in a highly regulated manner. Several studies have demonstrated that axonal transport is central to normal neuronal function, plasticity, and memory storage. Importantly, disruptions in axonal transport result in neuronal dysfunction and are associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. However, we do not know much about axonal transport deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we briefly discuss our current understanding of the role of axonal transport in schizophrenia, bipolar and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerriann K Badal
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, University of Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Integrative Biology PhD Program, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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8
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Dihydromyricetin ameliorates social isolation-induced anxiety by modulating mitochondrial function, antioxidant enzymes, and BDNF. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 21:100499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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9
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Mani S, Jindal D, Chopra H, Jha SK, Singh SK, Ashraf GM, Kamal M, Iqbal D, Chellappan DK, Dey A, Dewanjee S, Singh KK, Ojha S, Singh I, Gautam RK, Jha NK. ROCK2 Inhibition: A Futuristic Approach for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104871. [PMID: 36122738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Neurons depend on mitochondrial functions for membrane excitability, neurotransmission, and plasticity.Mitochondrialdynamicsare important for neural cell maintenance. To maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, lysosomes remove dysfunctionalmitochondria through mitophagy. Mitophagy promotes mitochondrial turnover and prevents the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria. In many neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), mitophagy is disrupted in neurons.Mitophagy is regulated by several proteins; recently,Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) has been suggested to negatively regulate the Parkin-dependent mitophagy pathway.Thus, ROCK2inhibitionmay bea promising therapyfor NDDs. This review summarizesthe mitophagy pathway, the role of ROCK2in Parkin-dependentmitophagyregulation,and mitophagy impairment in the pathology of AD. We further discuss different ROCK inhibitors (synthetic drugs, natural compounds,and genetherapy-based approaches)and examine their effects on triggering neuronal growth and neuroprotection in AD and other NDDs. This comprehensive overview of the role of ROCK in mitophagy inhibition provides a possible explanation for the significance of ROCK inhibitors in the therapeutic management of AD and other NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Disease, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India.
| | - Divya Jindal
- Centre for Emerging Disease, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | | | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Department of Genetics, UAB School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Inderbir Singh
- MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur-Ambala -134007, India
| | - Rupesh K Gautam
- MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur-Ambala -134007, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
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10
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Giannoulis SV, Chenoweth MJ, Saquilayan P, Tyndale RF, Lerman C, Kennedy JL, Zawertailo L, Gonçalves V. Examining the role of mitochondrial genetic variation in nicotine dependence. Psychiatry Res 2022; 310:114452. [PMID: 35227992 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine dependence (ND) has a heritability rate of ∼50%, suggesting genetic factors contribute to underlying mechanisms. Here, we aimed to examine variants within both mtDNA and the nuclear genome to determine if mitochondrial genes are associated with ND. A total of 129 mtDNA SNPs and 1136 nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes in a sample of N = 374 Caucasians were selected for analysis. Age of onset of first, occasional, and daily smoking and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence were used as outcomes for the analysis. Linear regression was used to test common variants. Gene analyses were performed using MAGMA. One nuclear mitochondrial SNP, rs78417112 found in the HSD17B4 gene, was significantly associated with the age of onset of occasional smoking. Additionally, one nuclear mitochondrial gene, PRKACA, was significantly associated with age of onset of both first and occasional smoking. Replication testing of the mtDNA m.1700T>C SNP, nominally associated with age of onset of daily smoking, was available in the PNAT2 clinical trial (N = 930 Caucasians). A meta-analysis showed this SNP was associated with age of onset of daily smoking (p-value = 0.004). Overall, the findings suggest mitochondrial genetic variation may contribute to variability in smoking phenotypes, although replication in larger samples is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula V Giannoulis
- Molecular Brain Sciences Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, CAMH, 250 College Street, M5T 1R8, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan J Chenoweth
- Molecular Brain Sciences Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, CAMH, 250 College Street, M5T 1R8, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paulo Saquilayan
- Molecular Brain Sciences Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, CAMH, 250 College Street, M5T 1R8, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Nicotine Dependence Clinic, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Molecular Brain Sciences Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, CAMH, 250 College Street, M5T 1R8, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Addictions, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Caryn Lerman
- Department of Psychiatry and USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - James L Kennedy
- Molecular Brain Sciences Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, CAMH, 250 College Street, M5T 1R8, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurie Zawertailo
- Molecular Brain Sciences Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, CAMH, 250 College Street, M5T 1R8, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Nicotine Dependence Clinic, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Gonçalves
- Molecular Brain Sciences Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, CAMH, 250 College Street, M5T 1R8, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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11
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Sahu K, Singh S, Devi B, Singh C, Singh A. A review on the neuroprotective effect of berberine against chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:913-923. [PMID: 35240956 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220303094752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemobrain is one of the major side effects of chemotherapy, despite increased research, the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced cognitive changes remain unknown. Though, several possibly important candidate mechanisms have been identified and will be studied further in the future. Chemobrain is characterized by memory loss, cognitive impairment, difficulty in language, concentration, acceleration, and learning. The major characteristic of chemobrain is oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune dysregulation, hormonal alteration, white matter abnormalities, and DNA damage. Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from various berberine species. BBR is a small chemical that easily passes the blood-brain barrier (BBB), making it useful for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Many studies on the pharmacology of BBR have been reported in the past. Furthermore, several clinical and experimental research indicates that BBR has a variety of pharmacological effects. So, in this review, we explore the pathogenesis of chemobrain and the neuroprotective potential of BBR against chemobrain. We also introduced the therapeutic role of BBR in various neurodegenerative and neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, mental depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, and also some stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuleshwar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab India
| | - Sukhdev Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab India
| | - Bhawna Devi
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab India
| | - Charan Singh
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab-144603, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab India
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12
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Lespay-Rebolledo C, Tapia-Bustos A, Perez-Lobos R, Vio V, Casanova-Ortiz E, Farfan-Troncoso N, Zamorano-Cataldo M, Redel-Villarroel M, Ezquer F, Quintanilla ME, Israel Y, Morales P, Herrera-Marschitz M. Sustained Energy Deficit Following Perinatal Asphyxia: A Shift towards the Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (TIGAR)-Dependent Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Postnatal Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:74. [PMID: 35052577 PMCID: PMC8773255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Labor and delivery entail a complex and sequential metabolic and physiologic cascade, culminating in most circumstances in successful childbirth, although delivery can be a risky episode if oxygen supply is interrupted, resulting in perinatal asphyxia (PA). PA causes an energy failure, leading to cell dysfunction and death if re-oxygenation is not promptly restored. PA is associated with long-term effects, challenging the ability of the brain to cope with stressors occurring along with life. We review here relevant targets responsible for metabolic cascades linked to neurodevelopmental impairments, that we have identified with a model of global PA in rats. Severe PA induces a sustained effect on redox homeostasis, increasing oxidative stress, decreasing metabolic and tissue antioxidant capacity in vulnerable brain regions, which remains weeks after the insult. Catalase activity is decreased in mesencephalon and hippocampus from PA-exposed (AS), compared to control neonates (CS), in parallel with increased cleaved caspase-3 levels, associated with decreased glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activity, a shift towards the TIGAR-dependent pentose phosphate pathway, and delayed calpain-dependent cell death. The brain damage continues long after the re-oxygenation period, extending for weeks after PA, affecting neurons and glial cells, including myelination in grey and white matter. The resulting vulnerability was investigated with organotypic cultures built from AS and CS rat newborns, showing that substantia nigra TH-dopamine-positive cells from AS were more vulnerable to 1 mM of H2O2 than those from CS animals. Several therapeutic strategies are discussed, including hypothermia; N-acetylcysteine; memantine; nicotinamide, and intranasally administered mesenchymal stem cell secretomes, promising clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370149, Chile;
| | - Ronald Perez-Lobos
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Valentina Vio
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Emmanuel Casanova-Ortiz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Nancy Farfan-Troncoso
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Marta Zamorano-Cataldo
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Martina Redel-Villarroel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Maria Elena Quintanilla
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile;
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (C.L.-R.); (R.P.-L.); (V.V.); (E.C.-O.); (N.F.-T.); (M.Z.-C.); (M.R.-V.); (M.E.Q.); (Y.I.)
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13
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PARK DJ, KANG JB, KOH PO. Identification of regulated proteins by epigallocatechin gallate treatment in an ischemic cerebral cortex animal model: a proteomics approach. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:916-926. [PMID: 33883340 PMCID: PMC8267205 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a fatal disease that has long-term disability. It induces excessive oxidative stress generation and cellular metabolic disorders, result in tissue damage. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a naturally derived flavonoid with strong antioxidant property. We previously reported the neuroprotective effect of EGCG in ischemic stroke. The defensive mechanisms of stroke are very diverse and complex. This study investigated specific proteins that are regulated by EGCG treatment in the ischemic brain damage. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to induce focal cerebral ischemia. EGCG (50 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administered just prior to MCAO. MCAO induced severe neurological deficits and disorders. EGCG treatment alleviated these neurological disorder and damage. Cerebral cortex was used for this study. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were performed to detect the proteins altered by EGCG. We identified various proteins that were changed between vehicle- and EGCG-treated animals. Among these proteins, isocitrate dehydrogenase, dynamin-like protein 1, and γ-enolase were decreased in vehicle-treated animals, while EGCG treatment prevented these decreases. However, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate phosphatase and 60 kDa heat shock protein were increased in vehicle-treated animals with MCAO injury. EGCG treatment attenuated these increases. The changes in these proteins were confirmed by Western blot and reverse transcription-PCR analyses. These proteins were associated with cellular metabolism and neuronal regeneration. Thus, these findings can suggest that EGCG performs a defensive mechanism in ischemic damage by regulating specific proteins related to energy metabolism and neuronal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ju PARK
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju
52828, South Korea
| | - Ju-Bin KANG
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju
52828, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok KOH
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju
52828, South Korea
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14
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Nishimura AL, Arias N. Synaptopathy Mechanisms in ALS Caused by C9orf72 Repeat Expansion. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:660693. [PMID: 34140881 PMCID: PMC8203826 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.660693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). ALS pathogenic features include accumulation of misfolded proteins, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction at distal axon terminals, and neuronal cytoskeleton changes. Synergies between loss of C9orf72 functions and gain of function by toxic effects of repeat expansions also contribute to C9orf72-mediated pathogenesis. However, the impact of haploinsufficiency of C9orf72 on neurons and in synaptic functions requires further examination. As the motor neurons degenerate, the disease symptoms will lead to neurotransmission deficiencies in the brain, spinal cord, and neuromuscular junction. Altered neuronal excitability, synaptic morphological changes, and C9orf72 protein and DPR localization at the synapses, suggest a potential involvement of C9orf72 at synapses. In this review article, we provide a conceptual framework for assessing the putative involvement of C9orf72 as a synaptopathy, and we explore the underlying and common disease mechanisms with other neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we reflect on the major challenges of understanding C9orf72-ALS as a synaptopathy focusing on integrating mitochondrial and neuronal cytoskeleton degeneration as biomarkers and potential targets to treat ALS neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes L Nishimura
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, UK Dementia Research Institute, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Arias
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, UK Dementia Research Institute, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,INEUROPA, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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15
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Song P, Li S, Hao W, Wei M, Liu J, Lin H, Hu S, Dai X, Wang J, Wang R, Wang Y. Corticospinal excitability enhancement with simultaneous transcranial near-infrared stimulation and anodal direct current stimulation of motor cortex. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:1018-1024. [PMID: 33743296 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is beneficial to many neurological and psychiatric disorders by modulating neuroplasticity and cortical excitability. However, recent studies evidence that single type of NIBS such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) does not have meaningful clinical therapeutic responses due to their small effect size. Transcranial near-infrared stimulation (tNIRS) is a novel form of NIBS. Both tNIRS and tDCS implement its therapeutic effects by modulating cortical excitability but with different mechanisms. We hypothesized that simultaneous tNIRS and tDCS is superior to single stimulation, leading to a greater cortical excitability. METHODS Sixteen healthy subjects participated in a double-blind, sham-controlled, cross-over designed study. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were used to measure motor cortex excitability. The changes of MEP were calculated and compared in the sham condition, tDCS stimulation condition, tNIRS condition and the simultaneous tNIRS and anodal tDCS condition. RESULTS tDCS alone and tNIRS alone both elicited higher MEP after stimulation, while the MEP amplitude in the simultaneous tNIRS and tDCS condition was significantly higher than either tNIRS alone or tDCS alone. The enhancement lasted up to at least 30 minutes after stimulation, indicating simultaneous 820 nm tNIRS with 2 mA anodal tDCS have a synergistic effect on cortical plasticity. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous application of tNIRS with tDCS produces a stronger cortical excitability effect. SIGNIFICANCE The simultaneous tNIRS and tDCS is a promising technology with exciting potential as a means of treatment, neuro-enhancement, or neuro-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Song
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Siran Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wensi Hao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Dai
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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16
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Bilinovich SM, Uhl KL, Lewis K, Soehnlen X, Williams M, Vogt D, Prokop JW, Campbell DB. Integrated RNA Sequencing Reveals Epigenetic Impacts of Diesel Particulate Matter Exposure in Human Cerebral Organoids. Dev Neurosci 2021; 42:195-207. [PMID: 33657557 DOI: 10.1159/000513536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) manifests early in childhood. While genetic variants increase risk for ASD, a growing body of literature has established that in utero chemical exposures also contribute to ASD risk. These chemicals include air-based pollutants like diesel particulate matter (DPM). A combination of single-cell and direct transcriptomics of DPM-exposed human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebral organoids revealed toxicogenomic effects of DPM exposure during fetal brain development. Direct transcriptomics, sequencing RNA bases via Nanopore, revealed that cerebral organoids contain extensive RNA modifications, with DPM-altering cytosine methylation in oxidative mitochondrial transcripts expressed in outer radial glia cells. Single-cell transcriptomics further confirmed an oxidative phosphorylation change in cell groups such as outer radial glia upon DPM exposure. This approach highlights how DPM exposure perturbs normal mitochondrial function and cellular respiration during early brain development, which may contribute to developmental disorders like ASD by altering neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Bilinovich
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Katie L Uhl
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristy Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Xavier Soehnlen
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Williams
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual, and other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual, and other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual, and other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel B Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics & Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA, .,Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual, and other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA, .,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA,
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17
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Sanches EF, Dos Santos TM, Odorcyk F, Untertriefallner H, Rezena E, Hoeper E, Avila T, Martini AP, Venturin GT, da Costa JC, Greggio S, Netto CA, Wyse AT. Pregnancy swimming prevents early brain mitochondrial dysfunction and causes sex-related long-term neuroprotection following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia in rats. Exp Neurol 2021; 339:113623. [PMID: 33529673 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of cognitive impairments in infants. Antenatal strategies improving the intrauterine environment can have high impact decreasing pregnancy-derived intercurrences. Physical exercise alters the mother-fetus unity and has been shown to prevent the energetic challenge imposed by HI. This study aimed to reveal neuroprotective mechanisms afforded by pregnancy swimming on early metabolic failure and late cognitive damage, considering animals' sex as a variable. Pregnant Wistar rats were submitted to daily swimming exercise (20' in a tank filled with 32 °C water) during pregnancy. Neonatal HI was performed in male and female pups at postnatal day 7. Electron chain transport, mitochondrial mass and function and ROS formation were assessed in the right brain hemisphere 24 h after HI. From PND45, reference and working spatial memory were tested in the Morris water maze. MicroPET-FDG images were acquired 24 h after injury (PND8) and at PND60, following behavioral analysis. HI induced early energetic failure, decreased enzymatic activity in electron transport chain, increased production of ROS in cortex and hippocampus as well as caused brain glucose metabolism dysfunction and late cognitive impairments. Maternal swimming was able to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and to improve spatial memory. The intergenerational effects of swimming were sex-specific, since male rats were benefited most. In conclusion, maternal swimming was able to affect the mitochondrial response to HI in the offspring's brains, preserving its function and preventing cognitive damage in a sex-dependent manner, adding relevant information on maternal exercise neuroprotection and highlighting the importance of mitochondria as a therapeutic target for HI neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Sanches
- Biochemistry Post-graduation Program, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - T M Dos Santos
- Biochemistry Post-graduation Program, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F Odorcyk
- Biochemistry Post-graduation Program, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - H Untertriefallner
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - E Rezena
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - E Hoeper
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - T Avila
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A P Martini
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G T Venturin
- Preclinical Research Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J C da Costa
- Preclinical Research Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S Greggio
- Preclinical Research Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Biochemistry Post-graduation Program, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A T Wyse
- Biochemistry Post-graduation Program, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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18
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Arriagada-Diaz J, Prado-Vega L, Cárdenas Díaz AM, Ardiles AO, Gonzalez-Jamett AM. Dynamin Superfamily at Pre- and Postsynapses: Master Regulators of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Health and Disease. Neuroscientist 2020; 28:41-58. [PMID: 33300419 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420974313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dynamin superfamily proteins (DSPs) comprise a large group of GTP-ases that orchestrate membrane fusion and fission, and cytoskeleton remodeling in different cell-types. At the central nervous system, they regulate synaptic vesicle recycling and signaling-receptor turnover, allowing the maintenance of synaptic transmission. In the presynapses, these GTP-ases control the recycling of synaptic vesicles influencing the size of the ready-releasable pool and the release of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals, whereas in the postsynapses, they are involved in AMPA-receptor trafficking to and from postsynaptic densities, supporting excitatory synaptic plasticity, and consequently learning and memory formation. In agreement with these relevant roles, an important number of neurological disorders are associated with mutations and/or dysfunction of these GTP-ases. Along the present review we discuss the importance of DSPs at synapses and their implication in different neuropathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arriagada-Diaz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Magister en Ciencias, mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lorena Prado-Vega
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Programa de Magister en Ciencias, mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ana M Cárdenas Díaz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alvaro O Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro de Neurología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Arlek M Gonzalez-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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19
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Building a Bridge Between NMDAR-Mediated Excitotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic and Acute Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1413-1430. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Bucladesine Attenuates Spatial Learning and Hippocampal Mitochondrial Impairments Induced by 3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Neurotox Res 2020; 38:38-49. [PMID: 32103463 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxic effects of systemic administration of 3, 4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been attributed to MDMA and its metabolites. However, the role of the parent compound in MDMA-induced mitochondrial and memory impairment has not yet been investigated. Moreover, it is not yet studied that analogs of 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) could decrease these neurotoxic effects of MDMA. We wished to investigate the effects of the central administration of MDMA on spatial memory and mitochondrial function as well as the effects of bucladesine, a membrane-permeable analog of cAMP, on these effects of MDMA. We assessed the effects of pre-training bilateral intrahippocampal infusion of MDMA (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 μg/side), bucladesine (10 and 100 μM) or combination of them on spatial memory, and different parameters of hippocampal mitochondrial function including the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial outer membrane damage, the amount of cytochrome c release as well as hippocampal ADP/ATP ratio. The results showed that MDMA caused spatial memory impairments as well as mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by the marked increase in hippocampal ADP/ATP ratio, ROS level, the collapse of MMP, mitochondrial swelling, and mitochondrial outer membrane damage leading to cytochrome c release from the mitochondria. The current study also found that bucladesine markedly reduced the destructive effects of MDMA. These results provide evidence of the role of the parent compound (MDMA) in MDMA-induced memory impairments through mitochondrial dysfunction. This study highlights the role of cAMP/PKA signaling in MDMA-induced memory and mitochondrial defects.
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21
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Palikaras K, Tavernarakis N. Regulation and roles of mitophagy at synapses. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 187:111216. [PMID: 32084458 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of synaptic homeostasis is a challenging task, due to the intricate spatial organization and intense activity of synapses. Typically, synapses are located far away from the neuronal cell body, where they orchestrate neuronal signalling and communication, through neurotransmitter release. Stationary mitochondria provide energy required for synaptic vesicle cycling, and preserve ionic balance by buffering intercellular calcium at synapses. Thus, synaptic homeostasis is critically dependent on proper mitochondrial function. Indeed, defective mitochondrial metabolism is a common feature of several neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), bipolar disorders and schizophrenia among others, which are also accompanied by excessive synaptic abnormalities. Specialized and compartmentalized quality control mechanisms have evolved to restore and maintain synaptic energy metabolism. Here, we survey recent advances towards the elucidation of the pivotal role of mitochondria in neurotransmission and implicating mitophagy in the maintenance of synaptic homeostasis during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Palikaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Greece; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Greece; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Crete, Greece.
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22
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Lejri I, Grimm A, Eckert A. Ginkgo biloba extract increases neurite outgrowth and activates the Akt/mTOR pathway. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225761. [PMID: 31790465 PMCID: PMC6886765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has demonstrated efficacy in the cognitive functional neuropsychiatric symptoms of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). With regard to its underlying molecular mode of action, first evidence was provided that GBE was able to modulate neuronal outgrowth in vitro, but the mechanisms underlying GBE effects on neuroplasticity remain unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we investigated the effect of GBE on neurite outgrowth using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in a 2D and 3D surface culture. The effects of the GBE LI1370 on neuroplasticity and neurite outgrowth were compared to those of nerve growth factor (NGF, 50 ng/ml) which was used as a positive control. We evaluated several parameters of neurite outgrowth such as the neurite number, total neurite length and extend of branching. Our findings showed that GBE (10 and 100 μg/ml) significantly increased neurite outgrowth in the 2D as well as 3D culture model after 3 days of treatment with a comparable effect than that NGF. The use of the 3D cell culture allowed us to better reproduce the in vivo neuronal microenvironment for the evaluation the neurite formation after GBE treatment. In addition, we assessed the effects of GBE on the Akt/mTOR pathway, which is known to promote neuroplasticity induced by nerve growth factors. We showed that GBE treatment induced an increase of phosphorylated IGF1R (Tyr1135/Tyr1136), Akt (Ser473), TSC2 (Ser939), mTOR (Ser2448), PTEN (Ser380) and GSK3β (Ser9). CONCLUSION Together, these findings indicate that GBE promotes neurite growth and activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway suggesting that this plant extract supports neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Lejri
- University of Basel, Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Grimm
- University of Basel, Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- University of Basel, Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland
- Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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23
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He W, Wang H, Zhao C, Tian X, Li L, Wang H. Role of liraglutide in brain repair promotion through Sirt1-mediated mitochondrial improvement in stroke. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2986-3001. [PMID: 31535381 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain repair, especially axonal sprouting, is critical to restore motor function in disabled stroke patients. Liraglutide (LG) is a new kind of long-acting analogue of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and has potential protective effects in stroke. The mitochondria participate in brain repair after cerebral injury. However, the mechanism of the effect of LG on brain repair and its potential influence on mitochondria in stroke remains obscure. Here, in focal cerebral cortical ischemic mice model, LG improved the motor functional recovery and promoted axonal sprouting by restoring the activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase. Moreover, LG remarkably increased the cell survival rate and revived the NeuN and GAP-43 levels in cortical neurons under hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) exposure. It was also observed that LG reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species, stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced the levels of adenosine triphosphate, enhanced activities of mitochondrial complex-I, and decreased protein expression levels of fission-1 in H2 O2 -injured cortical neurons. Additionally, LG suppressed the expressions of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in cortical neurons exposed to H2 O2 . Furthermore, knockdown of Sirt1 by short interfering RNA facilitated the LG-mediated mitochondrial protection in cortical neurons under H2 O2 . Collectively, this data from the present study illustrated that LG exerted a promoting influence on brain repair, after cerebral ischemic injury, through Sirt1-mediated mitochondrial improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang He
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Congying Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaochao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Litao Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hebo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,School of Basic Medical, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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24
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Park HS, Kim CJ, Kwak HB, No MH, Heo JW, Kim TW. Physical exercise prevents cognitive impairment by enhancing hippocampal neuroplasticity and mitochondrial function in doxorubicin-induced chemobrain. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:451-461. [PMID: 29477301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy increases the survival rate of patients with various cancers, such treatment can induce acute or long-term cognitive dysfunction a phenomenon known as post-chemotherapy cognitive impairment (PCCI) or "chemobrain." Exercise is known to positively affect brain function. Thus, the present study aimed to determine whether symptoms of chemobrain and disruptions in the neuroplasticity and functioning of hippocampal mitochondria can be prevented or relieved by exercise. Wistar rats were separated into the following groups: control, control plus exercise, chemobrain, and chemobrain plus exercise. For chemobrain induction, 2 mg/kg of doxorubicin (DOX) a widely utilized chemotherapeutic agent among patients with breast cancer was dissolved in saline and directly injected to the abdomen once every 4 weeks. The exercise groups were subjected to low-intensity treadmill, 6 days per week for 4 weeks. The Morris water maze and step-down avoidance tests were conducted to evaluate cognitive function, while neuroplasticity and mitochondrial function were assessed in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. Decreased cognitive function were observed in the chemobrain group, along with decreases in levels of neurogenesis, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), Ca2+ retention in hippocampus. Rats of the chemobrain group also exhibited an increase in apoptosis, H2O2 emission and permeability transition pore by hippocampal mitochondria. However, exercise attenuated impairments in cognitive function, neuroplasticity, and mitochondrial function induced by DOX treatment. Therefore, the findings of the present study indicate that low-intensity exercise may assist in preventing cognitive dysfunction during or after chemotherapy in patients with various cancers, including breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Art & Sports, InHa University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun No
- Department of Kinesiology, Art & Sports, InHa University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Heo
- Department of Kinesiology, Art & Sports, InHa University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, KyungHee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Exercise Rehabilitation Research Institute, Department of Exercise & Health Science, SangMyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Zhao Q, Lu D, Wang J, Liu B, Cheng H, Mattson MP, Cheng A. Calcium dysregulation mediates mitochondrial and neurite outgrowth abnormalities in SOD2 deficient embryonic cerebral cortical neurons. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1600-1614. [PMID: 30390091 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a major antioxidant defense enzyme. Here we provide evidence that SOD2 plays critical roles in maintaining calcium homeostasis in newly generated embryonic cerebral cortical neurons, which is essential for normal mitochondrial function and subcellular distribution, and neurite outgrowth. Primary cortical neurons in cultures established from embryonic day 15 SOD2+/+ and SOD2-/- mice appear similar during the first 24 h in culture. During the ensuing two days in culture, SOD2-/- neurons exhibit a profound reduction of neurite outgrowth and their mitochondria become fragmented and accumulate in the cell body. The structural abnormalities of the mitochondria are associated with reduced levels of phosphorylated (S637) dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), a major mitochondrial fission-regulating protein, whereas mitochondrial fusion regulating proteins (OPA1 and MFN2) are relatively unaffected. Mitochondrial fission and Drp1 dephosphorylation coincide with impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering capacity and an elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Treatment of SOD2-/- neurons with the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM significantly increases levels of phosphorylated Drp1, reduces mitochondrial fragmentation and enables neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijin Zhao
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Laboratory of Calcium Signaling and Mitochondrial Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Daoyuan Lu
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Beibei Liu
- Laboratory of Calcium Signaling and Mitochondrial Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- Laboratory of Calcium Signaling and Mitochondrial Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Aiwu Cheng
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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26
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Zhou Y, Huang L, Zheng W, An J, Zhan Z, Wang L, Chen Z, Liu L. Recurrent nonsevere hypoglycemia exacerbates imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis leading to synapse injury and cognitive deficit in diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E973-E986. [PMID: 29969317 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00133.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent nonsevere hypoglycemia (RH) can lead to cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes, although the involved mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying RH-induced cognitive deficits with a focus on mitochondrial homeostasis. To establish a model that mimicked RH in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) receiving insulin therapy, streptozotocin-induced mice with T1DM were subjected to recurrent, twice-weekly insulin injections over 4 wk. We found that RH disrupted the mitochondrial fine structure, reduced the number of mitochondria, and upregulated the expression of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy markers, including dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein-3 (BNIP3), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3 (LC3) in the hippocampus of T1DM mice. Moreover, RH and chronic hyperglycemia synergistically promoted the production of reactive oxygen species, impaired mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppressed mitochondrial energy metabolism. Under diabetic conditions, RH also altered the synaptic morphology and reduced the expression of synaptic marker proteins. Long-term recognition memory and spatial memory, assessed with the Morris water maze test, were also impaired. However, these effects were largely prevented by mitochondrial division inhibitor 1, a potent and selective Drp1 inhibitor. Thus, it appears that RH exacerbates the imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis, leading to synapse injury and cognitive deficits in diabetes. The adjustment of mitochondrial homeostasis could serve as an effective neuroprotective approach when addressing low blood sugar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Lishan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Wenting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Jingjing An
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Zhidong Zhan
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Linxi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
| | - Zhou Chen
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Libin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital , Fuzhou , China
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27
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Taalab YM, Ibrahim N, Maher A, Hassan M, Mohamed W, Moustafa AA, Salama M, Johar D, Bernstein L. Mechanisms of disordered neurodegenerative function: concepts and facts about the different roles of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:387-415. [PMID: 29303785 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, prion disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are a dissimilar group of disorders that share a hallmark feature of accumulation of abnormal intraneuronal or extraneuronal misfolded/unfolded protein and are classified as protein misfolding disorders. Cellular and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates multiple signaling cascades of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Consequently, translational and transcriptional alterations in target gene expression occur in response directed toward restoring the ER capacity of proteostasis and reestablishing the cellular homeostasis. Evidences from in vitro and in vivo disease models indicate that disruption of ER homeostasis causes abnormal protein aggregation that leads to synaptic and neuronal dysfunction. However, the exact mechanism by which it contributes to disease progression and pathophysiological changes remains vague. Downstream signaling pathways of UPR are fully integrated, yet with diverse unexpected outcomes in different disease models. Three well-identified ER stress sensors have been implicated in UPR, namely, inositol requiring enzyme 1, protein kinase RNA-activated-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6. Although it cannot be denied that each of the involved stress sensor initiates a distinct downstream signaling pathway, it becomes increasingly clear that shared pathways are crucial in determining whether or not the UPR will guide the cells toward adaptive prosurvival or proapoptotic responses. We review a body of work on the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases based on oxidative stress and cell death pathways with emphasis on the role of PERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen M Taalab
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Mansoura University, Al-Mansoura, 35111, Egypt
| | - Nour Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11591, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Maher
- Zoonotic Disease Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 25200, Egypt
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju-do 32588, South Korea
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Menoufia University, Al-Menoufia, 25200 Egypt.,Basic Medical Science Department, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kunatan Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed A Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology and MARCS Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2751 Australia
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Mansoura University, Al-Mansoura, 35111, Egypt.,Medical Experimental Research Center (MERC), Al-Mansoura University, Al-Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dina Johar
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Women for Arts, Sciences and Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, 11291, Egypt.,Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology 432 Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada, e-mail:
| | - Larry Bernstein
- Triplex Consulting, 54 Firethorn Lane, Northampton, MA 01060, USA
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28
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Eckert SH, Gaca J, Kolesova N, Friedland K, Eckert GP, Muller WE. Mitochondrial Pharmacology of Dimebon (Latrepirdine) Calls for a New Look at its Possible Therapeutic Potential in Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2018; 9:729-744. [PMID: 30090660 PMCID: PMC6065284 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimebon (latrepirdine), an old antihistaminic drug, showed divergent results in two large clinical trials in Alzheimer disease (AD), which according to our review might be related to the specific pharmacological properties of the drug and the different patient populations included in both studies. Out of the many pharmacological effects of Dimebon, improvement of impaired mitochondrial function seeems to be most relevant for the substantial effects on cognition and behaviour reported in one of the studies, as these effects are already present at the low concentrations of dimebon measured in plasma and tissues of patients and experimental animals. Since impaired mitochondrial function seems to be the major driving force for the progression of the clinical symptoms and since most of the clinical benefits of dimebon originate from an effect on the symptomatic deterioration, mitochondrial improvement can also explain the lack of efficacy of this drug in another clinical trial where symptoms of the patiets remained stable for the time of the study. Accordingly, it seems worthwhile to reevaluate the clinical data to proof that clinical response is correlated with high levels of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms as these show a good relationship to the individual speed of symptomatic decline in AD patients related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schamim H Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Janett Gaca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nathalie Kolesova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Deparment of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Erlangen, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Nutricional Sciences, University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Walter E Muller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Frankfurt/M, Biocenter, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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29
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Valvassori SS, Bavaresco DV, Feier G, Cechinel-Recco K, Steckert AV, Varela RB, Borges C, Carvalho-Silva M, Gomes LM, Streck EL, Quevedo J. Increased oxidative stress in the mitochondria isolated from lymphocytes of bipolar disorder patients during depressive episodes. Psychiatry Res 2018; 264:192-201. [PMID: 29653348 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the oxidative stress parameters in isolated mitochondria, as well as looking at mitochondrial complex activity in patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) during depressive or euthymic episodes. This study evaluated the levels of mitochondrial complex (I, II, II-III and IV) activity in lymphocytes from BD patients. We evaluated the following oxidative stress parameters: superoxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and carbonyl levels in submitochondrial particles of lymphocytes from bipolar patients. 51 bipolar patients were recruited into this study: 34 in the euthymic phase, and 17 in the depressive phase. Our results indicated that the depressive phase could increase the levels of mitochondrial superoxide, carbonyl and TBARS, and superoxide dismutase, and could decrease the levels of mitochondrial complex II activity in the lymphocytes of bipolar patients. It was also observed that there was a negative correlation between the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and complex II activity in the lymphocytes of depressive bipolar patients. In addition, there was a positive correlation between HDRS and superoxide, superoxide dismutase, TBARS and carbonyl. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between complex II activity and oxidative stress parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial complex II dysfunction play important roles in the depressive phase of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira S Valvassori
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Daniela V Bavaresco
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Feier
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Kelen Cechinel-Recco
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda V Steckert
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Roger B Varela
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Cenita Borges
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Milena Carvalho-Silva
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lara M Gomes
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Emílio L Streck
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
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30
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Shefa U, Kim D, Kim MS, Jeong NY, Jung J. Roles of Gasotransmitters in Synaptic Plasticity and Neuropsychiatric Conditions. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:1824713. [PMID: 29853837 PMCID: PMC5960547 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1824713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is important for maintaining normal neuronal activity and proper neuronal functioning in the nervous system. It is crucial for regulating synaptic transmission or electrical signal transduction to neuronal networks, for sharing essential information among neurons, and for maintaining homeostasis in the body. Moreover, changes in synaptic or neural plasticity are associated with many neuropsychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BP), major depressive disorder (MDD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The improper maintenance of neural plasticity causes incorrect neurotransmitter transmission, which can also cause neuropsychiatric conditions. Gas neurotransmitters (gasotransmitters), such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitric oxide (NO), and carbon monoxide (CO), play roles in maintaining synaptic plasticity and in helping to restore such plasticity in the neuronal architecture in the central nervous system (CNS). Indeed, the upregulation or downregulation of these gasotransmitters may cause neuropsychiatric conditions, and their amelioration may restore synaptic plasticity and proper neuronal functioning and thereby improve such conditions. Understanding the specific molecular mechanisms underpinning these effects can help identify ways to treat these neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulfuara Shefa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32 Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, 13 Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Herrera-Marschitz M, Perez-Lobos R, Lespay-Rebolledo C, Tapia-Bustos A, Casanova-Ortiz E, Morales P, Valdes JL, Bustamante D, Cassels BK. Targeting Sentinel Proteins and Extrasynaptic Glutamate Receptors: a Therapeutic Strategy for Preventing the Effects Elicited by Perinatal Asphyxia? Neurotox Res 2018; 33:461-473. [PMID: 28844085 PMCID: PMC5766721 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is a relevant cause of death at the time of labour, and when survival is stabilised, associated with short- and long-term developmental disabilities, requiring inordinate care by health systems and families. Its prevalence is high (1 to 10/1000 live births) worldwide. At present, there are few therapeutic options, apart from hypothermia, that regrettably provides only limited protection if applied shortly after the insult.PA implies a primary and a secondary insult. The primary insult relates to the lack of oxygen, and the secondary one to the oxidative stress triggered by re-oxygenation, formation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen (RNS) species, and overactivation of glutamate receptors and mitochondrial deficiencies. PA induces overactivation of a number of sentinel proteins, including hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) and the genome-protecting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Upon activation, PARP-1 consumes high amounts of ATP at a time when this metabolite is scarce, worsening in turn the energy crisis elicited by asphyxia. The energy crisis also impairs ATP-dependent transport, including glutamate re-uptake by astroglia. Nicotinamide, a PARP-1 inhibitor, protects against the metabolic cascade elicited by the primary stage, avoiding NAD+ exhaustion and the energetic crisis. Upon re-oxygenation, however, oxidative stress leads to nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65, overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, and glutamate-excitotoxicity, due to impairment of glial-glutamate transport, extracellular glutamate overflow, and overactivation of NMDA receptors, mainly of the extrasynaptic type. This leads to calcium influx, mitochondrial impairment, and inactivation of antioxidant enzymes, increasing further the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes, thereby making the surviving neonate vulnerable to recurrent metabolic insults whenever oxidative stress is involved. Here, we discuss evidence showing that (i) inhibition of PARP-1 overactivation by nicotinamide and (ii) inhibition of extrasynaptic NMDA receptor overactivation by memantine can prevent the short- and long-term consequences of PA. These hypotheses have been evaluated in a rat preclinical model of PA, aiming to identify the metabolic cascades responsible for the long-term consequences induced by the insult, also assessing postnatal vulnerability to recurrent oxidative insults. Thus, we present and discuss evidence demonstrating that PA induces long-term changes in metabolic pathways related to energy and oxidative stress, priming vulnerability of cells with both the neuronal and the glial phenotype. The effects induced by PA are region dependent, the substantia nigra being particularly prone to cell death. The issue of short- and long-term consequences of PA provides a framework for addressing a fundamental issue referred to plasticity of the CNS, since the perinatal insult triggers a domino-like sequence of events making the developing individual vulnerable to recurrent adverse conditions, decreasing his/her coping repertoire because of a relevant insult occurring at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, PO Box 8389100, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Ronald Perez-Lobos
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, PO Box 8389100, 1027 Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnologia Medica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, PO Box 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, PO Box 8389100, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, PO Box 8389100, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Emmanuel Casanova-Ortiz
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, PO Box 8389100, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, PO Box 8389100, 1027 Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Diego Bustamante
- Programme of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Av. Independencia, PO Box 8389100, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruce K. Cassels
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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He W, Liu Y, Tian X. Rosuvastatin Improves Neurite Outgrowth of Cortical Neurons against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation via Notch1-mediated Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Functional Improvement. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:6. [PMID: 29387001 PMCID: PMC5776084 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis, especially neurite outgrowth is an essential element of neuroplasticity after cerebral ischemic injury. Mitochondria may supply ATP to power fundamental developmental processes including neuroplasticity. Although rosuvastatin (RSV) displays a potential protective effect against cerebral ischemia, it remains unknown whether it modulates mitochondrial biogenesis and function during neurite outgrowth. Here, the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model was used to induce ischemic injury. We demonstrate that RSV treatment significantly increases neurite outgrowth in cortical neurons after OGD-induced damage. Moreover, we show that RSV reduces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protects mitochondrial function, and elevates the ATP levels in cortical neurons injured by OGD. In addition, we found that, under these conditions, RSV treatment increases the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and the mRNA levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1). Furthermore, blocking Notch1, which is expressed in primary cortical neurons, reverses the RSV-dependent induction of mitochondrial biogenesis and function under OGD conditions. Collectively, these results suggest that RSV could restore neurite outgrowth in cortical neurons damaged by OGD in vitro, by preserving mitochondrial function and improving mitochondrial biogenesis, possibly through the Notch1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang He
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingping Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Joh Y, Choi WS. Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibition Accelerates Amyloid Toxicity. Dev Reprod 2017; 21:417-424. [PMID: 29354787 PMCID: PMC5769135 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2017.21.4.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the
progressive decline of memory, cognitive functions, and changes in personality.
The major pathological features in postmortem brains are neurofibrillary tangles
and amyloid beta (Aβ) deposits. The majority of AD cases are sporadic and
age-related. Although AD pathogenesis has not been established, aging and
declining mitochondrial function has been associated. Mitochondrial dysfunction
has been observed in AD patients' brains and AD mice models, and the mice with a
genetic defect in mitochondrial complex I showed enhanced Aβ level in
vivo. To elucidate the role of mitochondrial complex I in AD, we
used SH-SY5Y cells transfected with DNA constructs expressing human amyloid
precursor protein (APP) or human Swedish APP mutant (APP-swe). The expression of
APP-swe increased the level of Aβ protein in comparison with control. When
complex I was inhibited by rotenone, the increase of ROS level was remarkably
higher in the cells overexpressing APP-swe compared to control. The number of
dead cell was significantly increased in APP-swe-expressing cells by complex I
inhibition. We suggest that complex I dysfunction accelerate amyloid toxicity
and mitochondrial complex I dysfunction in aging may contribute to the
pathogenesis of sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechan Joh
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Natural Sciences, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Won-Seok Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Natural Sciences, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Mehdizadeh H, Pourahmad J, Taghizadeh G, Vousooghi N, Yoonessi A, Naserzadeh P, Behzadfar L, Rouini MR, Sharifzadeh M. Mitochondrial impairments contribute to spatial learning and memory dysfunction induced by chronic tramadol administration in rat: Protective effect of physical exercise. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:426-433. [PMID: 28757160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the worldwide use of tramadol, few studies have been conducted about its effects on memory and mitochondrial function, and controversial results have been reported. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in physical exercise as a protective approach to neuronal and cognitive impairments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physical exercise on spatial learning and memory and brain mitochondrial function in tramadol-treated rats. After completion of 2-week (short-term) and 4-week (long-term) treadmill exercise regimens, male Wistar rats received tramadol (20, 40, 80mg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 30days. Then spatial learning and memory was assessed by Morris water maze test (MWM). Moreover, brain mitochondrial function was evaluated by determination of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Chronic administration of tramadol impaired spatial learning and memory as well as brain mitochondrial function as indicated by increased ROS level, MMP collapse, increased mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. Conversely, treadmill exercise significantly attenuated the impairments of spatial learning and memory and brain mitochondrial dysfunction induced by tramadol. The results revealed that chronic tramadol treatment caused memory impairments through induction of brain mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, pre-exposure to physical exercise markedly mitigated these impairments through its positive effects on brain mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Mehdizadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Genetics Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Yoonessi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Naserzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Behzadfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rouini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kaur S, Sharma N, Nehru B. Anti-inflammatory effects of Ginkgo biloba extract against trimethyltin-induced hippocampal neuronal injury. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:87-104. [PMID: 28918573 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the immense neuromodulatory potentials of Ginkgo biloba extract as a memory enhancer, its underlying mechanism seems inadequate particularly with regard to its anti-inflammatory properties. AIM The objective of the present study is to investigate the protective potentials of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) against hippocampal neuronal injury induced by trimethyltin (TMT), a potent neurotoxicant. METHODS Male SD rats were administered trimethyltin (8.5 mg kg-1 b.wt) single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, followed by Ginkgo biloba extract (100 mg kg-1 b.wt i.p) for 21 days. RESULTS The co-administration of GBE with TMT showed marked improvement in cognitive functions. Concomitantly, there was a significant decrease in oxidative stress as evident by reduction in MDA and total ROS levels. In addition, there was a marked suppression of astrocyte activation (GFAP), transcription factor NFκB and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α, 1L-6), which were found to be elevated by TMT administration. Histopathological observations showed remarkable improvement in hippocampal neuronal injury in the conjunctive group. CONCLUSION Therefore, it is suggested that Ginkgo biloba extract is an effective agent against trimethyltin-induced hippocampal neuronal loss owing to its antioxidative as well as anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Bimla Nehru
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Vulnerability to a Metabolic Challenge Following Perinatal Asphyxia Evaluated by Organotypic Cultures: Neonatal Nicotinamide Treatment. Neurotox Res 2017. [PMID: 28631256 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of enhanced vulnerability following perinatal asphyxia was investigated with a protocol combining in vivo and in vitro experiments. Asphyxia-exposed (AS) (by 21 min water immersion of foetuses containing uterine horns) and caesarean-delivered control (CS) rat neonates were used at P2-3 for preparing triple organotypic cultures (substantia nigra, neostriatum and neocortex). At DIV 18, cultures were exposed to different concentrations of H2O2 (0.25-45 mM), added to the culture medium for 18 h. After a 48-h recovery period, the cultures were either assessed for cell viability or for neurochemical phenotype by confocal microscopy. Energy metabolism (ADP/ATP ratio), oxidative stress (GSH/GSSG) and a modified ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay were applied to homogenates of parallel culture series. In CS cultures, the number of dying cells was similar in substantia nigra, neostriatum and neocortex, but it was several times increased in AS cultures evaluated under the same conditions. A H2O2 challenge led to a concentration-dependent increase in cell death (>fourfold after 0.25 mM of H2O2) in CS cultures. In AS cultures, a significant increase in cell death was only observed after 0.5 mM of H2O2. At higher than 1 mM of H2O2 (up to 45 mM), cell death increased several times in all cultures, but the effect was still more prominent in CS than in AS cultures. The cell phenotype of dying/alive cells was investigated in formalin-fixed cultures exposed to 0 or 1 mM of H2O2, co-labelling for TUNEL (apoptosis), MAP-2 (neuronal phenotype), GFAP (astroglial phenotype) and TH (tyrosine hydroxylase; for dopamine phenotype), counterstaining for DAPI (nuclear staining), also evaluating the effect of a single dose of nicotinamide (0.8 nmol/kg, i.p. injected in 100 μL, 60 min after delivery). Perinatal asphyxia produced a significant increase in the number of DAPI/TUNEL cells/mm3, in substantia nigra and neostriatum. One millimolar of H202 increased the number of DAPI/TUNEL cells/mm3 by ≈twofold in all regions of CS and AS cultures, an effect that was prevented by neonatal nicotinamide treatment. In substantia nigra, the number of MAP-2/TH-positive cells/mm3 was decreased in AS compared to CS cultures, also by 1 mM of H202, both in CS and AS cultures, prevented by nicotinamide. In agreement, the number of MAP-2/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3 was increased by 1 mM H2O2, both in CS (twofold) and AS (threefold) cultures, prevented by nicotinamide. The number of MAP-2/TH/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3 was only increased in CS (>threefold), but not in AS (1.3-fold) cultures. No TH labelling was observed in neostriatum, but 1 mM of H2O2 produced a strong increase in the number of MAP-2/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3, both in CS (>2.9-fold) and AS (>fourfold), decreased by nicotinamide. In neocortex, H2O2 increased the number of MAP-2/TUNEL-positive cells/mm3, both in CS and AS cultures (≈threefold), decreased by nicotinamide. The ADP/ATP ratio was increased in AS culture homogenates (>sixfold), compared to CS homogenates, increased by 1 mM of H202, both in CS and AS homogenates. The GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly decreased in AS, compared to CS cultures. One millimolar of H2O2 decreased that ratio in CS and AS homogenates. The present results demonstrate that perinatal asphyxia induces long-term changes in metabolic pathways related to energy and oxidative stress, priming cell vulnerability with both neuronal and glial phenotype. The observed effects were region dependent, being the substantia nigra particularly prone to cell death. Nicotinamide administration in vivo prevented the deleterious effects observed after perinatal asphyxia in vitro, a suitable pharmacological strategy against the deleterious consequences of perinatal asphyxia.
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Aleksanderek I, Stevens TK, Goncalves S, Bartha R, Duggal N. Metabolite and functional profile of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. J Neurosurg Spine 2017; 26:547-553. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.spine151507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to compare the recovery of neuronal metabolism and functional reorganization in the primary motor cortex (M1) between mild and moderate cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) following surgical intervention.METHODSTwenty-eight patients with CSM underwent 3-T MRI scans that included spectroscopy and functional MRI, before surgery and 6 months postsurgery. The classification of severity was based on the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association questionnaire. Mild and moderate myelopathy were defined by modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores > 12 of 18 (n = 15) and 9–12 (n = 13), respectively. Ten healthy control subjects underwent 2 MRI scans 6 months apart. Metabolite levels were measured in the M1 contralateral to the greater deficit side in patients with CSM and on both sides in the controls. Motor function was assessed using a right finger–tapping paradigm and analyzed with BrainVoyager QX.RESULTSPatients with mild CSM had a lower preoperative N-acetylaspartate to creatine (NAA/Cr) ratio compared with moderate CSM, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Postsurgery, NAA/Cr in moderate CSM decreased to the levels observed in mild CSM. Preoperatively, patients with mild CSM had a larger volume of activation (VOA) in the M1 than those with moderate CSM. Postoperatively, the VOAs were comparable between the mild and moderate CSM groups and had shifted toward the primary sensory cortex.CONCLUSIONSThe NAA/Cr ratio and VOA size in the M1 can be used to discriminate between mild and moderate CSM. Postsurgery, the metabolite profile of the M1 did not recover in either group, despite significant clinical improvement. The authors proposed that metabolic impairment in the M1 may trigger the recruitment of adjacent healthy cortex to achieve functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Aleksanderek
- 1Department of Medical Biophysics and
- 2Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University; and
| | - Todd K. Stevens
- 2Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University; and
| | - Sandy Goncalves
- 1Department of Medical Biophysics and
- 2Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University; and
| | - Robert Bartha
- 1Department of Medical Biophysics and
- 2Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University; and
| | - Neil Duggal
- 1Department of Medical Biophysics and
- 3Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
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Resveratrol and Brain Mitochondria: a Review. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2085-2101. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bokare AM, Praveenkumar AK, Bhonde M, Nayak Y, Pal R, Goel R. 5-HT6 Receptor Agonist and Antagonist Against β-Amyloid-Peptide-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC-12 Cells. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1571-1579. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang J, Liu AY, Tang B, Luo D, Lai YJ, Zhu BL, Wang XF, Yan Z, Chen GJ. Chronic nicotine differentially affects murine transcriptome profiling in isolated cortical interneurons and pyramidal neurons. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:194. [PMID: 28219337 PMCID: PMC5319194 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotine is known to differentially regulate cortical interneuron and pyramidal neuron activities in the neocortex, while the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well studied. In this study, RNA-sequencing was performed in acutely isolated cortical somatostatin (Sst)- positive interneurons and pyramidal neurons (Thy1) from mice treated with systemic nicotine for 14 days. We assessed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by nicotine in Sst- or Thy1- neurons, respectively, and then compared DEGs between Sst- and Thy1- neurons in the absence and presence of nicotine. Results In Sst-neurons, the DEGs by nicotine were associated with glycerophospholipid and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism; while in Thy1-neurons those related to immune response and purine and pyrimidine metabolisms were affected. Under basal condition, the DEGs between Sst- and Thy1- neurons were frequently associated with signal transduction, phosphorylation and potassium channel regulation. However, some new DEGs between Sst- and Thy1- neurons were found after nicotine, the majority of which belong to mitochondrial respiratory chain complex. Conclusions Nicotine differentially affected subset of genes in Sst- and Thy1- neurons, which might contribute to the distinct effect of nicotine on interneuron and pyramidal neuron activities. Meanwhile, the altered transcripts associated with mitochondrial activity were found between interneurons and pyramidal neurons after chronic nicotine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3593-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ai-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dong Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu-Jie Lai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Bing-Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Todorova V, Blokland A. Mitochondria and Synaptic Plasticity in the Mature and Aging Nervous System. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:166-173. [PMID: 27075203 PMCID: PMC5327446 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160414111821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity in the adult brain is believed to represent the cellular mechanisms of learning and memory. Mitochondria are involved in the regulation of the complex processes of synaptic plasticity. This paper reviews the current knowledge on the regulatory roles of mitochondria in the function and plasticity of synapses and the implications of mitochondrial dysfunctions in synaptic transmission. First, the importance of mitochondrial distribution and motility for maintenance and strengthening of dendritic spines, but also for new spines/synapses formation is presented. Secondly, the major mitochondrial functions as energy supplier and calcium buffer organelles are considered as possible explanation for their essential and regulatory roles in neuronal plasticity processes. Thirdly, the effects of synaptic potentiation on mitochondrial gene expression are discussed. And finally, the relation between age-related alterations in synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial dysfunctions is considered. It appears that memory loss and neurodegeneration during aging are related to mitochondrial (dys)function. Although, it is clear that mitochondria are essential for synaptic plasticity, further studies are indicated to scrutinize the intracellular and molecular processes that regulate the functions of mitochondria in synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyara Todorova
- Institute II for Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Du J, Zhu M, Bao H, Li B, Dong Y, Xiao C, Zhang GY, Henter I, Rudorfer M, Vitiello B. The Role of Nutrients in Protecting Mitochondrial Function and Neurotransmitter Signaling: Implications for the Treatment of Depression, PTSD, and Suicidal Behaviors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:2560-2578. [PMID: 25365455 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.876960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have linked severe stress to the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal behaviors. Furthermore, recent preclinical studies from our laboratory and others have demonstrated that in rodents, chronic stress and the stress hormone cortisol cause oxidative damage to mitochondrial function and membrane lipids in the brain. Mitochondria play a key role in synaptic neurotransmitter signaling by providing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mediating lipid and protein synthesis, buffering intracellular calcium, and regulating apoptotic and resilience pathways. Membrane lipids are similarly essential to central nervous system (CNS) function because cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and sphingolipids form a lipid raft region, a special lipid region on the membrane that mediates neurotransmitter signaling through G-protein-coupled receptors and ion channels. Low serum cholesterol levels, low antioxidant capacity, and abnormal early morning cortisol levels are biomarkers consistently associated with both depression and suicidal behaviors. In this review, we summarize the manner in which nutrients can protect against oxidative damage to mitochondria and lipids in the neuronal circuits associated with cognitive and affective behaviors. These nutrients include ω3 fatty acids, antioxidants (vitamin C and zinc), members of the vitamin B family (Vitamin B12 and folic acid), and magnesium. Accumulating data have shown that these nutrients can enhance neurocognitive function, and may have therapeutic benefits for depression and suicidal behaviors. A growing body of studies suggests the intriguing possibility that regular consumption of these nutrients may help prevent the onset of mood disorders and suicidal behaviors in vulnerable individuals, or significantly augment the therapeutic effect of available antidepressants. These findings have important implications for the health of both military and civilian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China.,c Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Ming Zhu
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Hongkun Bao
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Bai Li
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Yilong Dong
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Chunjie Xiao
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Grace Y Zhang
- c Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Ioline Henter
- d Molecular Imaging Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Matthew Rudorfer
- b Division of Service and Intervention Research, NIMH, NIH , Rockville , Maryland , USA
| | - Benedetto Vitiello
- b Division of Service and Intervention Research, NIMH, NIH , Rockville , Maryland , USA
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He W, Cui L, Zhang C, Zhang X, He J, Xie Y, Chen Y. Sonic hedgehog promotes neurite outgrowth of cortical neurons under oxidative stress: Involving of mitochondria and energy metabolism. Exp Cell Res 2017; 350:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Enhanced Neuroplasticity by the Metabolic Enhancer Piracetam Associated with Improved Mitochondrial Dynamics and Altered Permeability Transition Pore Function. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:8075903. [PMID: 27747106 PMCID: PMC5056292 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8075903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of dementia assumes mitochondrial dysfunction leading to reduced energy supply, impaired neuroplasticity, and finally cell death as one major pathomechanism underlying the continuum from brain aging over mild cognitive impairment to initial and advanced late onset Alzheimer's disease. Accordingly, improving mitochondrial function has become an important strategy to treat the early stages of this continuum. The metabolic enhancer piracetam has been proposed as possible prototype for those compounds by increasing impaired mitochondrial function and related aspects like mechanisms of neuroplasticity. We here report that piracetam at therapeutically relevant concentrations improves neuritogenesis in the human cell line SH-SY5Y over conditions mirroring the whole spectrum of age-associated cognitive decline. These effects go parallel with improvement of impaired mitochondrial dynamics shifting back fission and fusion balance to the energetically more favorable fusion site. Impaired fission and fusion balance can also be induced by a reduction of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) function as atractyloside which indicates the mPTP has similar effects on mitochondrial dynamics. These changes are also reduced by piracetam. These findings suggest the mPTP as an important target for the beneficial effects of piracetam on mitochondrial function.
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Smit-Rigter L, Rajendran R, Silva CAP, Spierenburg L, Groeneweg F, Ruimschotel EM, van Versendaal D, van der Togt C, Eysel UT, Heimel JA, Lohmann C, Levelt CN. Mitochondrial Dynamics in Visual Cortex Are Limited In Vivo and Not Affected by Axonal Structural Plasticity. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2609-2616. [PMID: 27641766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria buffer intracellular Ca2+ and provide energy [1]. Because synaptic structures with high Ca2+ buffering [2-4] or energy demand [5] are often localized far away from the soma, mitochondria are actively transported to these sites [6-11]. Also, the removal and degradation of mitochondria are tightly regulated [9, 12, 13], because dysfunctional mitochondria are a source of reactive oxygen species, which can damage the cell [14]. Deficits in mitochondrial trafficking have been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, optic atrophy, and Alzheimer's disease [13, 15-19]. In neuronal cultures, about a third of mitochondria are motile, whereas the majority remains stationary for several days [8, 20]. Activity-dependent mechanisms cause mitochondria to stop at synaptic sites [7, 8, 20, 21], which affects synapse function and maintenance. Reducing mitochondrial content in dendrites decreases spine density [22, 23], whereas increasing mitochondrial content or activity increases it [7]. These bidirectional interactions between synaptic activity and mitochondrial trafficking suggest that mitochondria may regulate synaptic plasticity. Here we investigated the dynamics of mitochondria in relation to axonal boutons of neocortical pyramidal neurons for the first time in vivo. We find that under these circumstances practically all mitochondria are stationary, both during development and in adulthood. In adult visual cortex, mitochondria are preferentially localized at putative boutons, where they remain for several days. Retinal-lesion-induced cortical plasticity increases turnover of putative boutons but leaves mitochondrial turnover unaffected. We conclude that in visual cortex in vivo, mitochondria are less dynamic than in vitro, and that structural plasticity does not affect mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Smit-Rigter
- Department of Molecular Visual Plasticity, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rajeev Rajendran
- Department of Molecular Visual Plasticity, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catia A P Silva
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liselot Spierenburg
- Department of Molecular Visual Plasticity, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Groeneweg
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emma M Ruimschotel
- Department of Molecular Visual Plasticity, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle van Versendaal
- Department of Molecular Visual Plasticity, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chris van der Togt
- Department of Molecular Visual Plasticity, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ulf T Eysel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Alexander Heimel
- Department of Cortical Structure and Function, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Lohmann
- Department of Synapse and Network Development, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan N Levelt
- Department of Molecular Visual Plasticity, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, the Netherlands.
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Luo X, Ribeiro M, Bray ER, Lee DH, Yungher BJ, Mehta ST, Thakor KA, Diaz F, Lee JK, Moraes CT, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP, Park KK. Enhanced Transcriptional Activity and Mitochondrial Localization of STAT3 Co-induce Axon Regrowth in the Adult Central Nervous System. Cell Rep 2016; 15:398-410. [PMID: 27050520 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor central to axon regrowth with an enigmatic ability to act in different subcellular regions independently of its transcriptional roles. However, its roles in mature CNS neurons remain unclear. Here, we show that along with nuclear translocation, STAT3 translocates to mitochondria in mature CNS neurons upon cytokine stimulation. Loss- and gain-of-function studies using knockout mice and viral expression of various STAT3 mutants demonstrate that STAT3's transcriptional function is indispensable for CNS axon regrowth, whereas mitochondrial STAT3 enhances bioenergetics and further potentiates regrowth. STAT3's localization, functions, and growth-promoting effects are regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), an effect further enhanced by Pten deletion, leading to extensive axon regrowth in the mouse optic pathway and spinal cord. These results highlight CNS neuronal dependence on STAT3 transcriptional activity, with mitochondrial STAT3 providing ancillary roles, and illustrate a critical contribution for MEK in enhancing diverse STAT3 functions and axon regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Luo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marcio Ribeiro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eric R Bray
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Do-Hun Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Benjamin J Yungher
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Saloni T Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kinjal A Thakor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Francisca Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - John L Bixby
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin K Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Denzer I, Münch G, Friedland K. Modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases via activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 by food-derived compounds. Pharmacol Res 2016; 103:80-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Zheng A, Li H, Cao K, Xu J, Zou X, Li Y, Chen C, Liu J, Feng Z. Maternal hydroxytyrosol administration improves neurogenesis and cognitive function in prenatally stressed offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:190-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gröschel M, Hubert N, Müller S, Ernst A, Basta D. Age-dependent changes of calcium related activity in the central auditory pathway. Exp Gerontol 2014; 58:235-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Valenti D, de Bari L, De Filippis B, Henrion-Caude A, Vacca RA. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a central actor in intellectual disability-related diseases: An overview of Down syndrome, autism, Fragile X and Rett syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 46 Pt 2:202-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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