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Yang J, Zhao H, Qu S. Therapeutic potential of fucoidan in central nervous system disorders: A systematic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134397. [PMID: 39097066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders have a complicated pathogenesis, and to date, no single mechanism can fully explain them. Most drugs used for CNS disorders primarily aim to manage symptoms and delay disease progression, and none have demonstrated any pathological reversal. Fucoidan is a safe, sulfated polysaccharide from seaweed that exhibits multiple pharmacological effects, and it is anticipated to be a novel treatment for CNS disorders. To assess the possible clinical uses of fucoidan, this review aims to provide an overview of its neuroprotective mechanism in both in vivo and in vitro CNS disease models, as well as its pharmacokinetics and safety. We included 39 articles on the pharmacology of fucoidan in CNS disorders. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that fucoidan has important roles in regulating lipid metabolism, enhancing the cholinergic system, maintaining the functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier and mitochondria, inhibiting inflammation, and attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis, highlighting its potential for CNS disease treatment. Fucoidan has a protective effect against CNS disorders. With ongoing research on fucoidan, it is expected that a natural, highly effective, less toxic, and highly potent fucoidan-based drug or nutritional supplement targeting CNS diseases will be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004 Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004 Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Shengtao Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110004 Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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2
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Lysikova T, Tomascova A, Kovalska M, Lehotsky J, Leskova Majdova K, Kaplan P, Tatarkova Z. Dynamics in Redox-Active Molecules Following Ischemic Preconditioning in the Brain. Neurol Int 2024; 16:533-550. [PMID: 38804479 PMCID: PMC11130914 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the brain is quite vulnerable to oxidative stress, initiating neuronal loss after ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. A potent protective mechanism is ischemic preconditioning (IPC), where proteins are among the primary targets. This study explores redox-active proteins' role in preserving energy supply. Adult rats were divided into the control, IR, and IPC groups. Protein profiling was conducted to identify modified proteins and then verified through activity assays, immunoblot, and immunohistochemical analyses. IPC protected cortex mitochondria, as evidenced by a 2.26-fold increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Additionally, stable core subunits of respiratory chain complexes ensured sufficient energy production, supported by a 16.6% increase in ATP synthase activity. In hippocampal cells, IPC led to the downregulation of energy-related dehydrogenases, while a significantly higher level of peroxiredoxin 6 (PRX6) was observed. Notably, IPC significantly enhanced glutathione reductase activity to provide sufficient glutathione to maintain PRX6 function. Astrocytes may mobilize PRX6 to protect neurons during initial ischemic events, by decreased PRX6 positivity in astrocytes, accompanied by an increase in neurons following both IR injury and IPC. Maintained redox signaling via astrocyte-neuron communication triggers IPC's protective state. The partnership among PRX6, SOD, and glutathione reductase appears essential in safeguarding and stabilizing the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezia Lysikova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Anna Tomascova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Maria Kovalska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Jan Lehotsky
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Katarina Leskova Majdova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Peter Kaplan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
| | - Zuzana Tatarkova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (T.L.); (A.T.); (J.L.); (K.L.M.); (P.K.)
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3
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Zhang L, Zhou X, Zhao J, Wang X. Research hotspots and frontiers of preconditioning in cerebral ischemia: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24757. [PMID: 38317957 PMCID: PMC10839892 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Preconditioning is a promising strategy against ischemic brain injury, and numerous studies in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated its neuroprotective effects. However, at present there is no bibliometric analysis of preconditioning in cerebral ischemia. Therefore, a comprehensive overview of the current status, hot spots, and emerging trends in this research field is necessary. Materials and methods Studies on preconditioning in cerebral ischemia from January 1999-December 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. CiteSpace was used for data mining and visual analysis. Results A total of 1738 papers on preconditioning in cerebral ischemia were included in the study. The annual publications showed an upwards and then downwards trend but currently remain high in terms of annual publications. The US was the leading country, followed by China, the most active country in recent years. Capital Medical University published the largest number of articles. Perez-Pinzon, Miguel A contributed the most publications, while KITAGAWA K was the most cited author. The focus of the study covered three areas: (1) relevant diseases and experimental models, (2) types of preconditioning and stimuli, and (3) mechanisms of ischemic tolerance. Remote ischemic preconditioning, preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and inflammation are the frontiers of research in this field. Conclusion Our study provides a visual and scientific overview of research on preconditioning in cerebral ischemia, providing valuable information and new directions for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zibo TCM-Integrated Hospital, Zibo ,255026, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xingchen Wang
- Division of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250001, China
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Xu S, Li S, Yan Z, Wang Y, Zhang L. Development and Validation of a UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of a Novel PYGB Inhibitor in Plasma: Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:6995. [PMID: 37836837 PMCID: PMC10574475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, we reported compound 1 (5-chloro-N-(4-oxo-2,2-dipropyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazin-6-yl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide) as a novel PYGB inhibitor, and found that it had better anti-ischemic brain injury activity. In this study, we established and validated a novel UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of compound 1 in plasma, then applied the method to study the pharmacokinetic parameters and brain tissue distribution of compound 1 in SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats after intravenous administration. The experimental results showed that the method met the validation requirements set by the US FDA in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and stability. The validated method was then used for pharmacokinetic studies in rat plasma, and it was found that compound 1 exhibited linear pharmacokinetic characteristics when administered in the dose range of 0.8-3.2 mg/kg. Finally, we also conducted a brief preliminary investigation of the brain tissue distribution of compound 1 in rats after injection and found that the brain tissue concentrations at 0.25 h and 2 h of administration were 440 ± 19.1 ng/kg and 111 ± 23.9 ng/kg, respectively. Additionally, the CBrain/CPlasma ratio was 0.112 ± 0.0185 and 0.112 ± 0.0292, respectively. These results indicated that compound 1 was able to cross the blood-brain barrier. This study provides important support for the application of compound 1 in ischemic brain injury diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liying Zhang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development of Hebei Province, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China; (S.X.); (S.L.); (Z.Y.)
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5
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Kalinichenko SG, Pushchin II, Matveeva NY. Neurotoxic and cytoprotective mechanisms in the ischemic neocortex. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 128:102230. [PMID: 36603664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal damage in ischemic stroke occurs due to permanent imbalance between the metabolic needs of the brain and the ability of the blood-vascular system to maintain glucose delivery and adequate gas exchange. Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity trigger complex processes of neuroinflammation, necrosis, and apoptosis of both neurons and glial cells. This review summarizes data on the structural and chemical changes in the neocortex and main cytoprotective effects induced by focal ischemic stroke. We focus on the expression of neurotrophins (NT) and molecular and cellular changes in neurovascular units in ischemic brain. We also discuss how these factors affect the apoptosis of cortical cells. Ischemic damage involves close interaction of a wide range of signaling molecules, each acting as an efficient marker of cell state in both the ischemic core and penumbra. NTs play the main regulatory role in brain tissue recovery after ischemic injury. Heterogeneous distribution of the BDNF, NT-3, and GDNF immunoreactivity is concordant with the selective response of different types of cortical neurons and glia to ischemic injury and allows mapping the position of viable neurons. Astrocytes are the central link in neurovascular coupling in ischemic brain by providing other cells with a wide range of vasotropic factors. The NT expression coincides with the distribution of reactive astrocytes, marking the boundaries of the penumbra. The development of ischemic stroke is accompanied by a dramatic change in the distribution of GDNF reactivity. In early ischemic period, it is mainly observed in cortical neurons, while in late one, the bulk of GDNF-positive cells are various types of glia, in particular, astrocytes. The proportion of GDNF-positive astrocytes increases gradually throughout the ischemic period. Some factors that exert cytoprotective effects in early ischemic period may display neurotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects later on. The number of apoptotic cells in the ischemic brain tissue correlates with the BDNF levels, corroborating its protective effects. Cytoprotection and neuroplasticity are two lines of brain protection and recovery after ischemic stroke. NTs can be considered an important link in these processes. To develop efficient pharmacological therapy for ischemic brain injury, we have to deepen our understanding of neurochemical adaptation of brain tissue to acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei G Kalinichenko
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
| | - Igor I Pushchin
- Laboratory of Physiology, A.V. Zhirmusky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia.
| | - Natalya Yu Matveeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
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Oliveira FRMB, Soares ES, Harms C, Cimarosti HI, Sordi R. SUMOylation in peripheral tissues under low perfusion-related pathological states. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1133-1147. [PMID: 35652521 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMOylation is described as a posttranslational protein modification (PTM) that is involved in the pathophysiological processes underlying several conditions related to ischemia- and reperfusion-induced damage. Increasing evidence suggests that, under low oxygen levels, SUMOylation might be part of an endogenous mechanism, which is triggered by injury to protect cells within the central nervous system. However, the role of ischemia-induced SUMOylation in the periphery is still unclear. This article summarizes the results of recent studies regarding SUMOylation profiles in several diseases characterized by impaired blood flow to the cardiorenal, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems. Our review shows that although ischemic injury per se does not always increase SUMOylation levels, as seen in strokes, it seems that in most cases the positive modulation of protein SUMOylation after peripheral ischemia might be a protective mechanism. This complex relationship warrants further investigation, as the role of SUMOylation during hypoxic conditions differs from organ to organ and is still not fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe R M B Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ericks S Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Christoph Harms
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Centre for Stroke Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Centre for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena I Cimarosti
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Regina Sordi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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7
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Kim W, Kwon HJ, Jung HY, Hahn KR, Yoon YS, Hwang IK, Choi SY, Kim DW. Neuroprotective Effects of Purpurin Against Ischemic Damage via MAPKs, Bax, and Oxidative Stress Cascades in the Gerbil Hippocampus. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2580-2592. [PMID: 35094304 PMCID: PMC9016019 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpurin has various effects, including anti-inflammatory effects, and can efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier. In the present study, we investigated the effects of purpurin on oxidative stress in HT22 cells and mild brain damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region induced by transient forebrain ischemia. Oxidative stress induced by H2O2 was significantly ameliorated by treatment with purpurin, based on changes in cell death, DNA fragmentation, formation of reactive oxygen species, and pro-apoptotic (Bax)/anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) protein levels. In addition, treatment with purpurin significantly reduced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK), and p38 signaling in HT22 cells. Transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils led to a significant increase in locomotor activity 1 day after ischemia and significant decrease in number of surviving cells in the CA1 region 4 days after ischemia. Administration of purpurin reduced the travel distance 1 day after ischemia and abrogates the neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region 4 days after ischemia based on immunohistochemical and histochemical staining for NeuN and Fluoro-Jade C, respectively. Purpurin treatment significantly decreased the activation of microglia and astrocytes as well as the increases of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65 in the hippocampal CA1 region 4 days after ischemia and ameliorated the ischemia-induced transient increases of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the hippocampus 6 h after ischemia. In addition, purpurin significantly alleviated the ischemia-induced phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 in the hippocampus 1 day after ischemia. Furthermore, purpurin treatment significantly mitigated the increases of Bax in the hippocampus 1 day after ischemia and the lipid peroxidation based on malondialdehyde and hydroperoxides levels 2 days after ischemia. These results suggest that purpurin can be one of the potential candidates to reduce neuronal damage and inflammatory responses after oxidative stress in HT22 cells or ischemic damage in gerbils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Veterinary Science Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05030, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hahn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, South Korea.
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, South Korea.
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Putilina M, Teplova N. Drug synergism as a basis for rational neuroprotection. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:17-22. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212205117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Drug Synergism as the Basis of Rational Neuroprotection. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 52:1207-1211. [PMID: 36748019 PMCID: PMC9893192 DOI: 10.1007/s11055-023-01349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Optimization of the choice of neuroprotective therapy regimens in patients with cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), taking into account the synergism of drug interactions, is a basic approach in clinical practice. Unfortunately, modern pharmacology has no unified way of establishing synergistic spectra of drug actions, which would allow systematic investigation of the effects of combinations of drugs. An approach based on studying detailed mechanisms of action suggested combinations of drugs with the greatest possible synergism (by summation and potentiation of effects) for various directions in the treatment of neurological diseases. Examples of rational neuroprotection are considered, using Cortexin, citicoline, and antioxidants.
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10
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Barrio E, Vecino R, Sánchez-Morán I, Rodríguez C, Suárez-Pindado A, Bolaños JP, Almeida A, Delgado-Esteban M. Preconditioning-Activated AKT Controls Neuronal Tolerance to Ischemia through the MDM2-p53 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147275. [PMID: 34298892 PMCID: PMC8304232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important mechanisms of preconditioning-mediated neuroprotection is the attenuation of cell apoptosis, inducing brain tolerance after a subsequent injurious ischemia. In this context, the antiapoptotic PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays a key role by regulating cell differentiation and survival. Active AKT is known to increase the expression of murine double minute-2 (MDM2), an E3-ubiquitin ligase that destabilizes p53 to promote the survival of cancer cells. In neurons, we recently showed that the MDM2–p53 interaction is potentiated by pharmacological preconditioning, based on subtoxic stimulation of NMDA glutamate receptor, which prevents ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis. However, whether this mechanism contributes to the neuronal tolerance during ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is unknown. Here, we show that IPC induced PI3K-mediated phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473, which in turn phosphorylated MDM2 at Ser166. This phosphorylation triggered the nuclear stabilization of MDM2, leading to p53 destabilization, thus preventing neuronal apoptosis upon an ischemic insult. Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway with wortmannin or by AKT silencing induced the accumulation of cytosolic MDM2, abrogating IPC-induced neuroprotection. Thus, IPC enhances the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and promotes neuronal tolerance by controlling the MDM2–p53 interaction. Our findings provide a new mechanistic pathway involved in IPC-induced neuroprotection via modulation of AKT signaling, suggesting that AKT is a potential therapeutic target against ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Barrio
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Rebeca Vecino
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Irene Sánchez-Morán
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Suárez-Pindado
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Juan P. Bolaños
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Delgado-Esteban
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (E.B.); (R.V.); (I.S.-M.); (C.R.); (A.S.-P.); (J.P.B.); (A.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-923-29-4908
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11
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Levchenkova OS, Novikov VE, Vorobyova VV, Kulagin KN. Activity of ROS-induced processes in the combined preconditioning with amtizol before and after cerebral ischemia in rats. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.7.66808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The dose-dependent effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissues in preconditioning (PreC) and oxidative stress, as well as NO-synthase participation in mitochondrial ROS production determined the study aim – to assess the impact of the neuroprotective method of combined preconditioning (CPreC) on free radical reactions (FRRs) in brain in normoxia and in cerebral ischemia, including in NO-synthase blockade.
Materials and methods: The intensity of FRR by iron-induced chemiluminescence (CL), the content of lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant enzyme activity were investigated 1 hr (early period) and 48 hrs (delayed period) after CPreC (amtizol and hypobaric hypoxia) in Wistar rat brain. Some animal groups were operated (common carotid artery bilateral ligation) 1 hr and 48 hrs after CPreC, as well as with preliminary introduction of L-NAME and aminoguanidine.
Results and discussion: In normoxia, CPreC led to increase the CL maximum level (Fmax) in the delayed PreC period. The amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive products (TBA-RP), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in mitochondrial fraction of rat brain did not change in comparison with the intact control in both PreC periods. In cerebral ischemia, oxidative stress was observed. The CPreC use before ischemia caused a decrease in CL parameters and TBA-RP in brain, the maintenance of SOD and high catalase activity. NO-synthase inhibitors partially abolished the antioxidant effect of CPreC in ischemia.
Conclusion: CPreC had no influence on FRRs in brain tissue in normoxia, but prevented their excessive activation after ischemia, especially in the delayed period. NO-synthase was involved in the CPreC neuroprotection.
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La Russa D, Montesano D, Pellegrino D, Frisina M, Bagetta G, Fallarino F, Amantea D. Systemic administration of sunflower oil exerts neuroprotection in a mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischaemia. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:1776-1783. [PMID: 33749789 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Natural products are valuable sources of nutraceuticals for the prevention or treatment of ischemic stroke, a major cause of death and severe disability worldwide. Among the mechanisms implicated in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion damage, oxidative stress exerts a pivotal role in disease progression. Given the high antioxidant potential of most components of sunflower oil, we have explored its effects on ischemic brain injury produced in the mouse by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo). KEY FINDINGS Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of sunflower oil at doses of 3 ml/kg (48 h, 24 h and 1 h before MCAo) significantly reduced brain infarct volume and oedema assessed 24 h after the insult. This neuroprotective treatment schedule also prevented the elevation of brain lipid peroxidation produced by MCAo-reperfusion injury. By contrast, doses of 0.03 ml/kg of sunflower oil resulted ineffective on both cerebral damage and lipid peroxidation. Although sunflower oil did not affect serum levels of Diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), both 0.03 and 3 ml/kg dosing regimens resulted in the preservation of serum biological antioxidant potential (BAP) that was otherwise dramatically reduced 24 h after MCAo. CONCLUSIONS Sunflower oil represents a promising source of neuroprotective extracts/compounds that can be exploited for the prevention and/or treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele La Russa
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marialaura Frisina
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | | | - Diana Amantea
- Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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Rösing N, Salvador E, Güntzel P, Kempe C, Burek M, Holzgrabe U, Soukhoroukov V, Wunder C, Förster C. Neuroprotective Effects of Isosteviol Sodium in Murine Brain Capillary Cerebellar Endothelial Cells (cerebEND) After Hypoxia. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:573950. [PMID: 33192319 PMCID: PMC7655651 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.573950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It damages neurons and other supporting cellular elements in the brain. However, the impairment is not only confined to the region of assault but the surrounding area as well. Besides, it also brings about damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which in turn leads to microvascular failure and edema. Hence, this necessitates an on-going, continuous search for intervention strategies and effective treatment. Of late, the natural sweetener stevioside proved to exhibit neuroprotective effects and therapeutic benefits against cerebral ischemia-induced injury. Its injectable formulation, isosteviol sodium (STVNA) also demonstrated favorable results. Nonetheless, its effects on the BBB have not yet been investigated to date. As such, this present study was designed to assess the effects of STVNA in our in vitro stroke model of the BBB.The integrity and permeability of the BBB are governed and maintained by tight junction proteins (TJPs) such as claudin-5 and occludin. Our data show increased claudin-5 and occludin expression in oxygen and glucose (OGD)-deprived murine brain capillary cerebellar endothelial cells (cerebEND) after STVNa treatment. Likewise, the upregulation of the transmembrane protein integrin-αv was also observed. Finally, cell volume was reduced with the simultaneous administration of STVNA and OGD in cerebEND cells. In neuropathologies such as stroke, the failure of cell volume control is a major feature leading to loss of cells in the penumbra as well as adverse outcomes. Our initial findings, therefore, point to the neuroprotective effects of STVNA at the BBB in vitro, which warrant further investigation for a possible future clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rösing
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Division Molecular Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ellaine Salvador
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Division Molecular Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Güntzel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kempe
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Burek
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Division Molecular Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Soukhoroukov
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wunder
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carola Förster
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Division Molecular Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Liu Q, Dong Q. NR4A2 Exacerbates Cerebral Ischemic Brain Injury via Modulating microRNA-652/Mul1 Pathway. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:2285-2296. [PMID: 33116527 PMCID: PMC7547796 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s265601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear receptor subfamily group A member 2 (NR4A2), a transcription factor, was suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, the specific role of NR4A2 in ischemic brain injury has yet to be elucidated. Our aim was to probe the mechanisms behind the repression of microRNA (miRNA) expression resulting from NR4A2 regulation in ischemic brain injury. METHODS A rat model with transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) was established, followed by HE staining and immunohistochemistry for verification. Subsequently, NR4A2 expression in rat brain tissues was detected by RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Then, PC12 cells were treated with NR4A2 alteration and subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for cerebral ischemia simulation. Cell viability, apoptosis and cycle distribution were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. miR-652 expression in rat brain tissues and cells was then detected by RT-qPCR, and then the targeting mRNAs of miR-652 were predicted through bioinformatic websites. Finally, the effect of miR-652 and mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (Mul1) on the PC12 cell activity after OGD treatment was verified by rescue experiments. RESULTS NR4A2 and Mul1 were expressed highly in brain tissues of rats with tGCI, while miR-652 was expressed poorly. NR4A2 inhibited the expression of miR-652 by transcription, thus blocking the inhibition of miR-652 on Mul1 to repress PC12 cell activity and promote apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSION The transcription factor NR4A2 mediates the expression of Mul1 through transcriptional repression of miR-652, thus promoting ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiandong Liu
- Department of Emergency, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao 276800, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Dong
- Department of Emergency, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao 276800, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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