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Ferreira YAM, Santamarina AB, Mennitti LV, de Souza EA, Prado CM, Pisani LP. Unsaturated fatty acids enhance mitochondrial function and PGC1-α expression in brown adipose tissue of obese mice on a low-carbohydrate diet. J Nutr Biochem 2025; 140:109873. [PMID: 39986635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2025.109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 12/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/24/2025]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) exhibits greater resilience against inflammation compared to white adipose tissue. However, chronic consumption of a high-fat diet can render brown adipocytes vulnerable to proinflammatory conditions, leading to a decline in their thermogenic capacity and subsequent dysfunction. The analysis of the effects of type fatty acids intake must be important in the context of the dietary pattern and obesity. This study aims to investigate the impact of a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet, enriched with different types of fatty acids, on mitochondrial activity on brown adipose tissue in obese mice. Male mice were allocated into different dietary groups: a control diet (CTL), and a high-fat diet (HFD) for a duration of 10 weeks to induce obesity. Subsequently, the HFD group was subdivided into the following categories for an additional 6 weeks: HFD with a low carbohydrate content enriched with saturated fatty acids; HFD with a low carbohydrate content enriched with fish oil; HFD with a low carbohydrate content enriched with soybean oil; and HFD with a low carbohydrate content enriched with olive oil. The findings indicated that in comparison to a low-carbohydrate diet rich in saturated fats, diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids-particularly omega-6 (n-6) and omega-9 (n-9)-resulted in elevated expression of UCP1, a marker of BAT activity. Moreover, there was an increase in the expression of PGC1-α, a protein involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, and enhanced functionality of the oxidative phosphorylation system within BAT mitochondria. These results suggest that n-6 and n-9 fatty acids may confer greater benefits to BAT functionality than saturated fats within the context of a low-carbohydrate diet. Therefore, this study revealed some molecular components that mediate BAT mitochondria function influenced by different fatty acids in a low carbohydrate diet, making it an important therapeutic target in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Alaby Martins Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Science, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Boveto Santamarina
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Science, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís Vales Mennitti
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Alves de Souza
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Science, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Maximo Prado
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Science, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Science, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Toncan F, Raj RR, Lee MJ. Dynamics of Fatty Acid Composition in Lipids and Their Distinct Roles in Cardiometabolic Health. Biomolecules 2025; 15:696. [PMID: 40427589 PMCID: PMC12110056 DOI: 10.3390/biom15050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2025] [Revised: 04/24/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Obesity and cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) have reached epidemic levels. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is a risk factor for obesity and CMDs. Lipids are energy substrates, essential components of cell membranes, and signaling molecules. Fatty acids (FAs) are the major components of lipids and are classified based on carbon chain length and number, position, and stereochemistry of double bonds. They exert differential impacts on CMDs, such that saturated fat increases risks while very-long-chain n-3 FAs provide benefits. The functionalities of FAs, modulating membrane properties, acting as ligands for receptors, and serving as precursors for lipid mediators, are vital for insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response, collectively contributing to cardiometabolic health. This review examines recent advances in the characteristics and functional properties of different FAs in lipid structures, signaling pathways, and cellular metabolism to better understand the differential roles of different types of FAs in obesity and cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenzo Toncan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | | | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
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Wu J, Luo J, He Q, Zhang F, Shi C, Zhao J, Li C, Deng W. CD36 molecule and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling drive docosahexaenoic acid-induced lipid remodeling in goat mammary epithelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 311:144076. [PMID: 40348225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2025] [Revised: 04/28/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Goat milk is a vital component of China's dairy industry, renowned for its richness in lipids essential to human health. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA), are particularly valuable for their integration into phospholipids and triacylglycerols. While mammary cells can uptake and channel PUFAs into lipids for milk fat secretion, the broader functional effects of DHA within these cells remain unclear. This study demonstrated that DHA supplementation markedly altered levels of lipid subclasses in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs), as revealed by lipidomic analysis. DHA treatment significantly increased the levels of free DHA, alongside DHA-enriched triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine, thereby driving lipid remodeling in GMECs. Additionally, DHA modulated transcription of key fatty acid metabolism genes, such as SREBP1, FASD2, and FASN. Mechanistically, DHA supplementation activated the AMPK signaling pathway inhibiting fatty acid metabolism, and upregulated the expression of fatty acid transport gene-CD36 in GMECs. Knockdown or mutation of the fatty acid binding domain of CD36 diminished DHA-induced AMPK activation and transcriptional regulation of fatty acid metabolism genes in GMECs. In summary, DHA supplementation induces lipid remodeling in GMECs via the CD36-AMPK signaling axis, highlighting its potential to facilitate the development of DHA-enriched functional goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiuya He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenbo Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Deng
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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Ferreira YAM, Estadella D, Pisani LP. Effect of Different Fatty Acid Types on Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated With Brown and Beige Adipose Tissue. Nutr Rev 2025:nuaf048. [PMID: 40233210 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaf048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2025] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue serves as a dynamic endocrine organ that is pivotal in metabolic regulation. Augmenting mitochondrial activity within this tissue holds promise in combating obesity. Mitochondrial function is intricately modulated by diverse fatty acid compositions. This comprehensive review aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction induced by various fatty acid profiles. While saturated fatty acids (SFAs) pose a threat to mitochondrial integrity, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), notably n-3, mitigate SFA-induced damage, concurrently regulating thermogenic gene expression. With regard to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), their impact on mitochondrial function in adipose tissue remains relatively unexplored. Although human studies are imperative for comprehensive insights, prioritizing the consumption of n-3 fatty acids and MUFAs has emerged as a strategic approach, potentially enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic pathways. This synthesis underscores the critical need for further investigation of the differential effects of fatty acid types on adipose tissue mitochondria, offering potential avenues for obesity intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Alaby Martins Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Science, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Débora Estadella
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Science, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Science, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP 11015-020, Brazil
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Sheikh E, Liu Q, Burk D, Beavers WN, Fu X, Gartia MR. Mapping lipid species remodeling in high fat diet-fed mice: Unveiling adipose tissue dysfunction with Raman microspectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159557. [PMID: 39128539 PMCID: PMC11380576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism in obesity leads to adipose tissue expansion, a major contributor to metabolic dysfunction and chronic disease. Lipid metabolism and fatty acid changes play vital roles in the progression of obesity. In this proof-of-concept study, Raman techniques combined with histochemical imaging methods were utilized to analyze the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on different types of adipose tissue in mice, using a small sample size (n = 3 per group). After six weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, our findings showed hypertrophy, elevated collagen levels, and increased macrophage presence in the adipose tissues of the HFD group compared to the low-fat diet (LFD) group. Statistical analysis of Raman spectra revealed significantly lower unsaturated lipid levels and higher lipid to protein content in different fat pads (brown adipose tissue (BAT), subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT), and visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT)) with HFD. Raman images of adipose tissues were analyzed using Empty modeling and DCLS methods to spatially profile unsaturated and saturated lipid species in the tissues. It revealed elevated levels of ω-3, ω-6, cholesterol, and triacylglycerols in BAT adipose tissues of HFD compared to LFD tissues. These findings indicated that while cholesterol, ω-6/ω-3 ratio, and triacylglycerol levels have risen in the SWAT and VWAT adipose tissues of the HFD group, the levels of ω-3 and ω-6 have decreased following the HFD. The study showed that Raman spectroscopy provided invaluable information at the molecular level for investigating lipid species remodeling and spatial mapping of adipose tissues during HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Sheikh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Qianglin Liu
- LSU AgCenter, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - David Burk
- Cell Biology and Bioimaging Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - William N Beavers
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Mass Spectrometry Resource Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Xing Fu
- LSU AgCenter, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Reyad-Ul-Ferdous M, Gul I, Raheem MA, Pandey V, Qin P. Mitochondrial UCP1: Potential thermogenic mechanistic switch for the treatment of obesity and neurodegenerative diseases using natural and epigenetic drug candidates. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155672. [PMID: 38810549 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown fat is known to provide non-shivering thermogenesis through mitochondrial uncoupling mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Non-shivering is not dependent on UCP2, UCP4, and BMCP1/UCP5 genes, which are distinct from UCP1 in a way that they are not constitutive uncouplers. Although they are susceptible to free fatty acid and free radical activation, their functioning has a significant impact on the performance of neurons. METHODOLOGY Using subject-specific keywords (Adipose tissue; Adipocytes; Mitochondria; Obesity; Thermogenesis; UCP's in Neurodegeneration; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease), research articles and reviews were retrieved from Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed. This article includespublications published between 2018 and 2023. The drugs that upregulate UCP1 are included in the study while the drugs that do not impact UCP1 are were not included. RESULTS Neuronal UCPs have a direct impact on synaptic plasticity, neurodegenerative processes, and neurotransmission, by modulating calcium flux, mitochondrial biogenesis, local temperature, and free radical generation. Numerous significant advances in the study of neuronal UCPs and neuroprotection are still to be made. Identification of the tissue-dependent effects of UCPs is essential first. Pharmacologically targeting neuronal UCPs is a key strategy for preventing both neurodegenerative diseases and physiological aging. Given that UCP2 has activities that are tissue-specific, it will be essential to develop treatments without harmful side effects. The triggering of UCPs by CoQ, an essential cofactor, produces nigral mitochondrial uncoupling, reduces MPTP-induced toxicity, and may even decrease the course of Parkinson's disease, according to early indications. CONCLUSION Herein, we explore the potential of UCP1 as a therapeutic target for treating obesity, neurodegenerative diseases as well as a potential activator of both synthetic and natural drugs. A deeper knowledge of synaptic signaling and neurodegeneration may pave the way to new discoveries regarding the functioning and controlling of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reyad-Ul-Ferdous
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ijaz Gul
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Muhammad Akmal Raheem
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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7
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Prapaharan B, Lea M, Beaudry JL. Weighing in on the role of brown adipose tissue for treatment of obesity. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2024; 27:13157. [PMID: 39087083 PMCID: PMC11290130 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2024.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation is an emerging target for obesity treatments due to its thermogenic properties stemming from its ability to shuttle energy through uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1). Recent rodent studies show how BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) activity can be modulated to increase the expression of thermogenic proteins. Consequently, these alterations enable organisms to endure cold-temperatures and elevate energy expenditure, thereby promoting weight loss. In humans, BAT is less abundant in obese subjects and impacts of thermogenesis are less pronounced, bringing into question whether energy expending properties of BAT seen in rodents can be translated to human models. Our review will discuss pharmacological, hormonal, bioactive, sex-specific and environmental activators and inhibitors of BAT to determine the potential for BAT to act as a therapeutic strategy. We aim to address the feasibility of utilizing BAT modulators for weight reduction in obese individuals, as recent studies suggest that BAT's contributions to energy expenditure along with Ucp1-dependent and -independent pathways may or may not rectify energy imbalance characteristic of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacqueline L. Beaudry
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Xue L, Sun J, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang K, Fan M, Qian H, Li Y, Wang L. Maternal Brown Rice Diet during Pregnancy Promotes Adipose Tissue Browning in Offspring via Reprogramming PKA Signaling and DNA Methylation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2300861. [PMID: 38566521 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Brown rice, the most consumed food worldwide, has been shown to possess beneficial effects on the prevention of metabolic diseases. However, the way in which maternal brown rice diet improves metabolism in offspring and the regulatory mechanisms remains unclear. The study explores the epigenetic regulation of offspring energy metabolic homeostasis by maternal brown rice diet during pregnancy. METHODS AND RESULTS Female mice are fed brown rice during pregnancy, and then body phenotypes, the histopathological analysis, and adipose tissues biochemistry assay of offspring mice are detected. It is found that maternal brown rice diet significantly reduces body weight and fat mass, increases energy expenditure and heat production in offspring. Maternal brown rice diet increases uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) protein level and upregulates the mRNA expression of thermogenic genes in adipose tissues. Mechanistically, protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is likely responsible in the induced thermogenic program in offspring adipocytes, and the progeny adipocytes browning program is altered due to decreased level of DNA methyltransferase 1 protein and hypomethylation of the transcriptional coregulator positive regulatory domain containing 16 (PRDM16). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that maternal brown rice during pregnancy improves offspring mice metabolic homeostasis via promoting adipose browning, and its mechanisms may be mediated by DNA methylation reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Kuiliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Jagtap U, Paul A. UCP1 activation: Hottest target in the thermogenesis pathway to treat obesity using molecules of synthetic and natural origin. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103717. [PMID: 37467882 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) has been discovered as a possible target for obesity treatment because of its widespread distribution in the inner mitochondrial membrane of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and high energy expenditure capabilities to burn calories as heat. UCP1 is dormant and does not produce heat without activation as it is inhibited by purine nucleotides. However, activation of UCP1 via either direct interaction with the UCP1 protein, an increase in the expression of UCP1 genes or the physiological production of fatty acids can lead to a rise in the thermogenesis phenomenon. Hence, activation of UCP1 through small molecules of synthetic and natural origin can be considered as a promising strategy to mitigate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Jagtap
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Atish Paul
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Fat Quality Impacts the Effect of a High-Fat Diet on the Fatty Acid Profile, Life History Traits and Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244043. [PMID: 36552807 PMCID: PMC9776686 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) has been shown to alter phenotypic and metabolic parameters in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the impact of fat quantity and quality remains uncertain. We first used butterfat (BF) as an example to investigate the effects of increasing dietary fat content (3-12%) on male and female fruit flies. Although body weight and body composition were not altered by any BF concentration, health parameters, such as lifespan, fecundity and larval development, were negatively affected in a dose-dependent manner. When fruit flies were fed various 12% HFDs (BF, sunflower oil, olive oil, linseed oil, fish oil), their fatty acid profiles shifted according to the dietary fat qualities. Moreover, fat quality was found to determine the effect size of the response to an HFD for traits, such as lifespan, climbing activity, or fertility. Consistently, we also found a highly fat quality-specific transcriptional response to three exemplary HFD qualities with a small overlap of only 30 differentially expressed genes associated with the immune/stress response and fatty acid metabolism. In conclusion, our data indicate that not only the fat content but also the fat quality is a crucial factor in terms of life-history traits when applying an HFD in D. melanogaster.
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