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Assunção AGL. The F-bZIP-regulated Zn deficiency response in land plants. PLANTA 2022; 256:108. [PMID: 36348172 PMCID: PMC9643250 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This review describes zinc sensing and transcriptional regulation of the zinc deficiency response in Arabidopsis, and discusses how their evolutionary conservation in land plants facilitates translational approaches for improving the Zn nutritional value of crop species. Zinc is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms due to its presence in a large number of proteins, as a structural or catalytic cofactor. In plants, zinc homeostasis mechanisms comprise uptake from soil, transport and distribution throughout the plant to provide adequate cellular zinc availability. Here, I discuss the transcriptional regulation of the response to zinc deficiency and the zinc sensing mechanisms in Arabidopsis, and their evolutionary conservation in land plants. The Arabidopsis F-group basic region leucine-zipper (F-bZIP) transcription factors bZIP19 and bZIP23 function simultaneously as sensors of intracellular zinc status, by direct binding of zinc ions, and as the central regulators of the zinc deficiency response, with their target genes including zinc transporters from the ZRT/IRT-like Protein (ZIP) family and nicotianamine synthase enzymes that produce the zinc ligand nicotianamine. I note that this relatively simple mechanism of zinc sensing and regulation, together with the evolutionary conservation of F-bZIP transcription factors across land plants, offer important research opportunities. One of them is to use the F-bZIP-regulated zinc deficiency response as a tractable module for evolutionary and comparative functional studies. Another research opportunity is translational research in crop plants, modulating F-bZIP activity as a molecular switch to enhance zinc accumulation. This should become a useful plant-based solution to alleviate effects of zinc deficiency in soils, which impact crop production and crop zinc content, with consequences for human nutrition globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G L Assunção
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
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2
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Zhang Y, Chao J, Li X, Zhang C, Khan R, Du S, Xu N, Song L, Liu H, Shi Y. Comparative transcriptome combined with biochemical and physiological analyses provide new insights toward cadmium accumulation with two contrasting Nicotiana species. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:369-383. [PMID: 33880749 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is known as one of the most hazardous elements in the environment and a persistent soil constraint toxic to all flora and fauna. In this study, we conducted physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses of Nicotiana rustica (N. rustica) and Nicotiana tabacum (N. tabacum) treated with CdCl2 to know the underlying molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation. As a result, N. rustica had more dry weight than N. tabacum. Additionally, N. rustica accumulated higher Cd concentration (69.65 times), Cd2+ influx (1.32-fold), glutathione S-transferases (GST) enzyme activity (2.54 times), GSH/GSSG (oxidized form of GSH) ratio, increase of superoxide dismutase and CAT and a lower H2 O2 and superoxide (O2 •- ) accumulation in their roots than N. tabacum. Cd mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of both species and N. rustica had a significant proportion in the cell wall. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis revealed 173 and 710 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and Cd-stressed plants in the leaves and roots of N. rustica, while 576 and 1543 DEGs were found in the leaves and roots of N. tabacum, respectively. In N. rustica, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism were the most enriched pathways, while GSH metabolism, ATP-binding cassette transporters and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were the most enriched in N. tabacum. Finally, we found that DEGs related to metal influx, sequestration, remobilization, and chelation were responsible for Cd accumulation. These results indicated that N. rustica accumulated higher Cd content than N. tabacum, suggesting that each species utilized different response mechanism under the same Cd stress conditions. The DEGs identified in this study might lead to the identification of genes or pathways related to Cd regulation. This study identifies important regulators related to Cd accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Chao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Rayyan Khan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Shasha Du
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiwei Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
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3
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Principles and practice of determining metal-protein affinities. Biochem J 2021; 478:1085-1116. [PMID: 33710331 PMCID: PMC7959690 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions play many critical roles in biology, as structural and catalytic cofactors, and as cell regulatory and signalling elements. The metal–protein affinity, expressed conveniently by the metal dissociation constant, KD, describes the thermodynamic strength of a metal–protein interaction and is a key parameter that can be used, for example, to understand how proteins may acquire metals in a cell and to identify dynamic elements (e.g. cofactor binding, changing metal availabilities) which regulate protein metalation in vivo. Here, we outline the fundamental principles and practical considerations that are key to the reliable quantification of metal–protein affinities. We review a selection of spectroscopic probes which can be used to determine protein affinities for essential biological transition metals (including Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(I), Cu(II) and Zn(II)) and, using selected examples, demonstrate how rational probe selection combined with prudent experimental design can be applied to determine accurate KD values.
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4
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Wang Y, Yang J, Miao R, Kang Y, Qi Z. A novel zinc transporter essential for Arabidopsis zinc and iron-dependent growth. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 256:153296. [PMID: 33161180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn), an essential micronutrient, is absorbed by plant roots and redistributed to leaves. This process must be finely regulated in order to avoid toxic Zn2+ overaccumulation, which can arise due to Zn2+ oversupply or Zn2+ hyperaccumulation induced by Fe2+ deficiency. Although several proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana are essential for retaining Zn in the root and partitioning it from roots to leaves, how Zn2+ homeostasis in leaves is maintained is largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel Golgi-localized protein named ZINC NUTRIENT ESSENTIAL1 (AtZNE1,At3g08650) in Arabidopsis. AtZNE1 contains 14 putative transmembrane domains. AtZNE1 promoter has strong activity in the root and leaf. Its expression complemented the increased sensitivity of a yeast mutant to excess Zn2+. The disruption of AtZNE1 in the T-DNA insertion mutant atzne1 caused growth defect under excess-Zn or Fe deficit conditions, but had no effects on the total Zn and Fe contents. We propose that AtZNE1 plays a vital role in plant adaptation to excess Zn or Fe deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulatory and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China
| | - Ju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulatory and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China
| | - Ruiying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulatory and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China
| | - Yan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulatory and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China.
| | - Zhi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulatory and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010010, PR China.
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5
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Lim SD, Mayer JA, Yim WC, Cushman JC. Plant tissue succulence engineering improves water-use efficiency, water-deficit stress attenuation and salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1049-1072. [PMID: 32338788 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissue succulence (ratio of tissue water/leaf area or dry mass) or the ability to store water within living tissues is among the most successful adaptations to drought in the plant kingdom. This taxonomically widespread adaptation helps plants avoid the damaging effects of drought, and is often associated with the occupancy of epiphytic, epilithic, semi-arid and arid environments. Tissue succulence was engineered in Arabidopsis thaliana by overexpression of a codon-optimized helix-loop-helix transcription factor (VvCEB1opt ) from wine grape involved in the cell expansion phase of berry development. VvCEB1opt -overexpressing lines displayed significant increases in cell size, succulence and decreased intercellular air space. VvCEB1opt -overexpressing lines showed increased instantaneous and integrated water-use efficiency (WUE) due to reduced stomatal conductance caused by reduced stomatal aperture and density resulting in increased attenuation of water-deficit stress. VvCEB1opt -overexpressing lines also showed increased salinity tolerance due to reduced salinity uptake and dilution of internal Na+ and Cl- as well as other ions. Alterations in transporter activities were further suggested by media and apoplastic acidification, hygromycin B tolerance and changes in relative transcript abundance patterns of various transporters with known functions in salinity tolerance. Engineered tissue succulence might provide an effective strategy for improving WUE, drought avoidance or attenuation, salinity tolerance, and for crassulacean acid metabolism biodesign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Don Lim
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Won Cheol Yim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
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6
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Ceasar SA, Lekeux G, Motte P, Xiao Z, Galleni M, Hanikenne M. di-Cysteine Residues of the Arabidopsis thaliana HMA4 C-Terminus Are Only Partially Required for Cadmium Transport. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:560. [PMID: 32528485 PMCID: PMC7264368 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to the environment and humans. Plants are capable of absorbing Cd from the soil and of transporting part of this Cd to their shoot tissues. In Arabidopsis, the plasma membrane Heavy Metal ATPase 4 (HMA4) transporter mediates Cd xylem loading for export to shoots, in addition to zinc (Zn). A recent study showed that di-Cys motifs present in the HMA4 C-terminal extension (AtHMA4c) are essential for high-affinity Zn binding and transport in planta. In this study, we have characterized the role of the AtHMA4c di-Cys motifs in Cd transport in planta and in Cd-binding in vitro. In contrast to the case for Zn, the di-Cys motifs seem to be partly dispensable for Cd transport as evidenced by limited variation in Cd accumulation in shoot tissues of hma2hma4 double mutant plants expressing native or di-Cys mutated variants of AtHMA4. Expression analysis of metal homeostasis marker genes, such as AtIRT1, excluded that maintained Cd accumulation in shoot tissues was the result of increased Cd uptake by roots. In vitro Cd-binding assays further revealed that mutating di-Cys motifs in AtHMA4c had a more limited impact on Cd-binding than it has on Zn-binding. The contributions of the AtHMA4 C-terminal domain to metal transport and binding therefore differ for Zn and Cd. Our data suggest that it is possible to identify HMA4 variants that discriminate Zn and Cd for transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- InBioS – Center for Protein Engineering, Biological Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Lekeux
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- InBioS – Center for Protein Engineering, Biological Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Motte
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zhiguang Xiao
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Moreno Galleni
- InBioS – Center for Protein Engineering, Biological Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Marc Hanikenne,
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7
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Wu Y, Li X, Chen D, Han X, Li B, Yang Y, Yang Y. Comparative expression analysis of heavy metal ATPase subfamily genes between Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive turnip landraces. PLANT DIVERSITY 2019; 41:275-283. [PMID: 31528787 PMCID: PMC6742492 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal ATPase (HMA) subfamily is mainly involved in heavy metal (HM) tolerance and transport in plants, but an understanding of the definite roles and mechanisms of most HMA members are still limited. In the present study, we identified 14 candidate HMA genes named BrrHMA1-BrrHMA8 from the turnip genome and analyzed the phylogeny, gene structure, chromosome distribution, and conserved domains and motifs of HMAs in turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa). According to our phylogenetic tree, the BrrHMAs are divided into a Zn/Cd/Co/Pb subclass and Cu/Ag subclass. The BrrHMA members show similar structural characteristics within subclasses. To explore the roles of BrrHMAs in turnip, we compared the gene sequences and expression patterns of the BrrHMA genes between a Cd-tolerant landrace and a Cd-sensitive landrace. Most BrrHMA genes showed similar spatial expression patterns in both Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive turnip landraces; some BrrHMA genes, however, were differentially expressed in specific tissue in Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive turnip. Specifically, BrrHMA genes in the Zn/Cd/Co/Pb subclass shared the same coding sequence but were differentially expressed in Cd-tolerant and Cd-sensitive turnip landraces under Cd stress. Our findings suggest that the stable expression and up-regulated expression of BrrHMA Zn/Cd/Co/Pb subclass genes under Cd stress may contribute to the higher Cd tolerance of turnip landraces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansheng Wu
- China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiong Li
- China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Di Chen
- China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xi Han
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Boqun Li
- China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yonghong Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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8
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Hu Y, Xu L, Tian S, Lu L, Lin X. Site-specific regulation of transcriptional responses to cadmium stress in the hyperaccumulator, Sedum alfredii: based on stem parenchymal and vascular cells. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:347-362. [PMID: 30644059 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We compared the transcriptomes of parenchymal and vascular cells of Sedum alfredii stem under Cd stress to reveal gene regulatory networks underlying Cd hyperaccumulation. Cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulation in plants is a complex biological process controlled by gene regulatory networks. Efficient transport through vascular systems and storage by parenchymal cells are vital for Cd hyperaccumulation in the Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii, but the genes involved are poorly understood. We investigated the spatial gene expression profiles of transport and storage sites in S. alfredii stem using laser-capture microdissection coupled with RNA sequencing. Gene expression patterns in response to Cd were distinct in vascular and parenchymal cells, indicating functional divisions that corresponded to Cd transportation and storage, respectively. In vascular cells, plasma membrane-related terms enriched a large number of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) for foundational roles in Cd transportation. Parenchymal cells contained considerable DEGs specifically concentrated on vacuole-related terms associated with Cd sequestration and detoxification. In both cell types, DEGs were classified into different metabolic pathways in a similar way, indicating the role of Cd in activating a systemic stress signalling network where ATP-binding cassette transporters and Ca2+ signal pathways were probably involved. This study identified site-specific regulation of transcriptional responses to Cd stress in S. alfredii and analysed a collection of genes that possibly function in Cd transportation and detoxification, thus providing systemic information and direction for further investigation of Cd hyperaccumulation molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shengke Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xianyong Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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9
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Lekeux G, Crowet JM, Nouet C, Joris M, Jadoul A, Bosman B, Carnol M, Motte P, Lins L, Galleni M, Hanikenne M. Homology modeling and in vivo functional characterization of the zinc permeation pathway in a heavy metal P-type ATPase. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:329-341. [PMID: 30418580 PMCID: PMC6305203 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The P1B ATPase heavy metal ATPase 4 (HMA4) is responsible for zinc and cadmium translocation from roots to shoots in Arabidopsis thaliana. It couples ATP hydrolysis to cytosolic domain movements, enabling metal transport across the membrane. The detailed mechanism of metal permeation by HMA4 through the membrane remains elusive. Here, homology modeling of the HMA4 transmembrane region was conducted based on the crystal structure of a ZntA bacterial homolog. The analysis highlighted amino acids forming a metal permeation pathway, whose importance was subsequently investigated functionally through mutagenesis and complementation experiments in plants. Although the zinc pathway displayed overall conservation among the two proteins, significant differences were observed, especially in the entrance area with altered electronegativity and the presence of a ionic interaction/hydrogen bond network. The analysis also newly identified amino acids whose mutation results in total or partial loss of the protein function. In addition, comparison of zinc and cadmium accumulation in shoots of A. thaliana complemented lines revealed a number of HMA4 mutants exhibiting different abilities in zinc and cadmium translocation. These observations could be instrumental to design low cadmium-accumulating crops, hence decreasing human cadmium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Lekeux
- InBioS - Center for Protein Engineering (CIP), Biological Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marc Crowet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Cécile Nouet
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marine Joris
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Jadoul
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Bosman
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology, Evolution, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Monique Carnol
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology, Evolution, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Motte
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lins
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics at Interfaces, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Moreno Galleni
- InBioS - Center for Protein Engineering (CIP), Biological Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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10
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Halimaa P, Blande D, Baltzi E, Aarts MGM, Granlund L, Keinänen M, Kärenlampi SO, Kozhevnikova AD, Peräniemi S, Schat H, Seregin IV, Tuomainen M, Tervahauta AI. Transcriptional effects of cadmium on iron homeostasis differ in calamine accessions of Noccaea caerulescens. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:306-320. [PMID: 30288820 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Calamine accessions of the zinc/cadmium/nickel hyperaccumulator, Noccaea caerulescens, exhibit striking variation in foliar cadmium accumulation in nature. The Ganges accession (GA) from Southern France displays foliar cadmium hyperaccumulation (>1000 μg g-1 DW), whereas the accession La Calamine (LC) from Belgium, with similar local soil metal composition, does not (<100 μg g-1 DW). All calamine accessions are cadmium hypertolerant. To find out the differences between LC and GA in their basic adaptation mechanisms, we bypassed the cadmium excluding phenotype of LC by exposing the plants to 50 μm cadmium in hydroponics, achieving equal cadmium accumulation in the shoots. The iron content increased in the roots of both accessions. GA exhibited significant decreases in manganese and zinc contents in the roots and shoots, approaching those in LC. Altogether 702 genes responded differently to cadmium exposure between the accessions, 157 and 545 in the roots and shoots, respectively. Cadmium-exposed LC showed a stress response and had decreased levels of a wide range of photosynthesis-related transcripts. GA showed less changes, mainly exhibiting an iron deficiency-like response. This included increased expression of genes encoding five iron deficiency-regulated bHLH transcription factors, ferric reduction oxidase FRO2, iron transporters IRT1 and OPT3, and nicotianamine synthase NAS1, and decreased expression of genes encoding ferritins and NEET (a NEET family iron-sulfur protein), which is possibly involved in iron transfer, distribution and/or management. The function of the IRT1 gene in the accessions was compared. We conclude that the major difference between the two accessions is in the way they cope with iron under cadmium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Halimaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Daniel Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erol Baltzi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mark G M Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Granlund
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa O Kärenlampi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna D Kozhevnikova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Sirpa Peräniemi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henk Schat
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilya V Seregin
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Marjo Tuomainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja I Tervahauta
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
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11
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Lekeux G, Laurent C, Joris M, Jadoul A, Jiang D, Bosman B, Carnol M, Motte P, Xiao Z, Galleni M, Hanikenne M. di-Cysteine motifs in the C-terminus of plant HMA4 proteins confer nanomolar affinity for zinc and are essential for HMA4 function in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5547-5560. [PMID: 30137564 PMCID: PMC6255694 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The PIB ATPase heavy metal ATPase 4 (HMA4) has a central role in the zinc homeostasis network of Arabidopsis thaliana. This membrane protein loads metal from the pericycle cells into the xylem in roots, thereby allowing root to shoot metal translocation. Moreover, HMA4 is key for zinc hyperaccumulation as well as zinc and cadmium hypertolerance in the pseudometallophyte Arabidopsis halleri. The plant-specific cytosolic C-terminal extension of HMA4 is rich in putative metal-binding residues and has substantially diverged between A. thaliana and A. halleri. To clarify the function of the domain in both species, protein variants with truncated C-terminal extension, as well as with mutated di-Cys motifs and/or a His-stretch, were functionally characterized. We show that di-Cys motifs, but not the His-stretch, contribute to high affinity zinc binding and function in planta. We suggest that the HMA4 C-terminal extension is at least partly responsible for protein targeting to the plasma membrane. Finally, we reveal that the C-terminal extensions of both A. thaliana and A. halleri HMA4 proteins share similar function, despite marginally different zinc-binding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Lekeux
- InBioS – Center for Protein Engineering (CIP), Biological Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Clémentine Laurent
- InBioS – Center for Protein Engineering (CIP), Biological Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Present address: EyeD Pharma, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate, 54000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marine Joris
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Jadoul
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dan Jiang
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Bosman
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology, Evolution, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Monique Carnol
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology, Evolution, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Motte
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zhiguang Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Present address: Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Moreno Galleni
- InBioS – Center for Protein Engineering (CIP), Biological Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS – PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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12
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Qiao K, Gong L, Tian Y, Wang H, Chai T. The metal-binding domain of wheat heavy metal ATPase 2 (TaHMA2) is involved in zinc/cadmium tolerance and translocation in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:1343-1352. [PMID: 29936635 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine in the N-terminal metal-binding domain (N-MBD) of TaHMA2 participates in Zn2+/Cd2+ binding and translocation in Arabidopsis. Wheat heavy metal ATPase 2 (TaHMA2) can transport Zn2+ and Cd2+ across membranes. A previous study showed that cysteine (Cys) and glutamate residues in the N-terminal metal-binding domain (N-MBD) were necessary for metal-binding and translocation of TaHMA2 in yeast. However, the function of TaHMA2 in plants was not fully revealed. In this study, we investigated the roles of the CCxxE and CPC motifs in the N-MBD and the N/C-terminal regions of TaHMA2 in Zn2+/Cd2+ translocation in root and shoot of Arabidopsis. Compared with the wild type, overexpression of TaHMA2 and the TaHMA2 derivative (glutamic substituted for alanine from CCxxE) in Arabidopsis increased root length, fresh weight and enhanced Zn2+/Cd2+ root-to-shoot translocation. The plants with a truncated N/C-terminal of TaHMA2 were impaired in Zn2+/Cd2+ tolerance and translocation, while mutagenesis of Cys in the N-MBD reduced the tolerance and transport activity of TaHMA2, suggesting the involvement of Cys in Zn2+/Cd2+ binding and translocation in Arabidopsis. This study therefore provides a theoretical possibility for the application of TaHMA2 in transgenic breeding to regulate metal element balance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qiao
- College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Gong
- College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbao Tian
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tuanyao Chai
- College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design (INASEED), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 05282, Myanmar.
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13
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Ukuwela AA, Bush AI, Wedd AG, Xiao Z. Glutaredoxins employ parallel monothiol-dithiol mechanisms to catalyze thiol-disulfide exchanges with protein disulfides. Chem Sci 2017; 9:1173-1183. [PMID: 29675162 PMCID: PMC5885593 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04416j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxins were demonstrated to be a family of versatile enzymes capable of catalyzing thiol–disulfide exchange involving GSSG/GSH via different catalytic routes either alone or in parallel.
Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are a family of glutathione (GSH)-dependent thiol–disulfide oxidoreductases. They feature GSH-binding sites that directly connect the reversible redox chemistry of protein thiols to the abundant cellular nonprotein thiol pool GSSG/GSH. This work studied the pathways for oxidation of protein dithiols P(SH)2 and reduction of protein disulfides P(SS) catalyzed by Homo sapiens HsGrx1 and Escherichia coli EcGrx1. The metal-binding domain HMA4n(SH)2 was chosen as substrate as it contains a solvent-exposed CysCys motif. Quenching of the reactions with excess iodoacetamide followed by protein speciation analysis via ESI-MS allowed interception and characterization of both substrate and enzyme intermediates. The enzymes shuttle between three catalytically-competent forms (Grx(SH)(S–), Grx(SH)(SSG) and Grx(SS)) and employ conserved parallel monothiol and dithiol mechanisms. Experiments with dithiol and monothiol versions of both Grx enzymes demonstrate which monothiol (plus GSSG or GSH) or dithiol pathways dominate a specific oxidation or reduction reaction. Grxs are shown to be a class of versatile enzymes with diverse catalytic functions that are driven by specific interactions with GSSG/GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwinie A Ukuwela
- School of Chemistry , Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre , Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia .
| | - Anthony G Wedd
- School of Chemistry , Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Zhiguang Xiao
- School of Chemistry , Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia.,Melbourne Dementia Research Centre , Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3052 , Australia .
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14
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Bothe H, Słomka A. Divergent biology of facultative heavy metal plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 219:45-61. [PMID: 29028613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Among heavy metal plants (the metallophytes), facultative species can live both in soils contaminated by an excess of heavy metals and in non-affected sites. In contrast, obligate metallophytes are restricted to polluted areas. Metallophytes offer a fascinating biology, due to the fact that species have developed different strategies to cope with the adverse conditions of heavy metal soils. The literature distinguishes between hyperaccumulating, accumulating, tolerant and excluding metallophytes, but the borderline between these categories is blurred. Due to the fact that heavy metal soils are dry, nutrient limited and are not uniform but have a patchy distribution in many instances, drought-tolerant or low nutrient demanding species are often regarded as metallophytes in the literature. In only a few cases, the concentrations of heavy metals in soils are so toxic that only a few specifically adapted plants, the genuine metallophytes, can cope with these adverse soil conditions. Current molecular biological studies focus on the genetically amenable and hyperaccumulating Arabidopsis halleri and Noccaea (Thlaspi) caerulescens of the Brassicaceae. Armeria maritima ssp. halleri utilizes glands for the excretion of heavy metals and is, therefore, a heavy metal excluder. The two endemic zinc violets of Western Europe, Viola lutea ssp. calaminaria of the Aachen-Liège area and Viola lutea ssp. westfalica of the Pb-Cu-ditch of Blankenrode, Eastern Westphalia, as well as Viola tricolor ecotypes of Eastern Europe, keep their cells free of excess heavy metals by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi which bind heavy metals. The Caryophyllaceae, Silene vulgaris f. humilis and Minuartia verna, apparently discard leaves when overloaded with heavy metals. All Central European metallophytes have close relatives that grow in areas outside of heavy metal soils, mainly in the Alps, and have, therefore, been considered as relicts of the glacial epoch in the past. However, the current literature favours the idea that hyperaccumulation of heavy metals serves plants as deterrent against attack by feeding animals (termed elemental defense hypothesis). The capability to hyperaccumulate heavy metals in A. halleri and N. caerulescens is achieved by duplications and alterations of the cis-regulatory properties of genes coding for heavy metal transporting/excreting proteins. Several metallophytes have developed ecotypes with a varying content of such heavy metal transporters as an adaption to the specific toxicity of a heavy metal site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Bothe
- Botanical Institute, The University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Aneta Słomka
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9 Str., 30-387 Cracow, Poland.
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